Period Three Discovering Useful Structure
语言精讲
①in any case ②in no case ③In case ④In case of ⑤where you are wronged ⑥in no case;In no case can we go against the law of nature ⑦in that case;in which case
语法归纳
【自我归纳一】
1.可能性;推测 2.推测;必须;拒绝 3.意愿 4.可能性 5.承诺
【自我归纳二】
would;was about to;were going to
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ (A)1.can 2.May 3.can; shall 4.needn t/don t have to 5.Would 6.should 7.must 8.can t 9.may 10.would
(B)1.would attend 2.would come 3.would be 4.would leave/was leaving 5.to live 6.was coming 7.to leave
8.to be built 9.to attend 10.about
●Ⅱ (A)1.would take care of me 2.can t be 3.must bring 4.had better go 5.ought to/should improve your English
(B)1.would help us 2.she was coming home 3.was to be held 4.were going to visit 5.were about to leavePeriod Three Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.1.Can/May 2.couldn’t 3.mustn’t 4.must
5.should 6.can 7.have to 8.need 9.had better
10.would
Ⅱ.1.can be really dangerous
2.can/may either go with her or stay
3.had better not go to school
4.must finish this essay
5.should be more careful
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们把储钱罐做成猪的形状的原因。
1.using 考查动名词。end up doing是固定搭配,意为“最终做……”,use用动名词形式。故填using。
2.which 考查定语从句。本句是非限制性定语从句,先行词pygg指物,从句缺少主语,用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
3.housewives 考查名词复数。此处泛指“家庭主妇”,用可数名词housewife的复数形式表示泛指。故填housewives。
4.referred 考查时态。此处表述的事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故填referred。
5.After 考查介词。表示“在……之后”应用介词after,句首单词首字母大写。故填After。
6.were made 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表述的事情已发生,应用一般过去时,主语banks和make之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且be动词用were。故填were made。
7.than 考查连词。此处表述“比以前更常用”,用比较连词than。故填than。
8.for 考查介词。request for sth是固定搭配,意为“……的请求”。故填for。
9.shaped 考查过去分词。此处是非谓语作定语,逻辑主语banks与动词shape之间是被动关系,用过去分词作后置定语。故填shaped。
10.variety 考查固定短语。a variety of是固定短语,意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。本文阐述的是一种诱饵效应:当我们在做出选择时,受大脑分配价值方式的影响,在有更多选择的时候,我们会被最接近劣势的选项所吸引。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段“Actually, there’s a good chance that the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy (诱饵), making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small.”可知,商店提供中杯苏打水是为了引导消费者购买更高利润的大杯苏打水,也就是为了赚更多的钱,故选D。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Ariely ran an experiment and found that when only the two ‘real’ choices were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription. However, the bad option increased people’s likelihood of selecting the expensive print plus digital option.”可知,实验结果表明,这种促销方式见效了。故选D。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章首段讲述的消费者在面对消费选择时的最终选择结果,以及Dan Ariely所做的实验和最后一段中的“Marketing professors call it the decoy effect, which is certainly easier to remember.”可知,文章所涉及的信息都与消费者的消费选择和市场营销策略有关系,由此可推断,文章很有可能出现在与消费者相关的网站上,因此可能在消费者和金钱网站上看到这篇文章。故选C。
4.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“However, the bad option increased people’s likelihood of selecting the expensive print plus digital option.”和最后一段中的“Value is rarely absolute; rather, we decide an object’s value relative to other choices. If more options are introduced, the value equation (方程) changes.”(价值很少是绝对的;相反,我们确定一件物品的价值时会对比其他的选择。如果引入更多选项,则价值方程会发生变化。)可知,我们通常通过与其他选择进行比较来评估产品的价值。 故选B。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了购物时省钱的方法。
1.G 根据空前“Before you go shopping, make a list of everything you plan on buying.”和空后“It’ll help avoid your impulse (冲动) shopping.”可知,空处为购物前列购物清单的方法,G项“The rule is: you are not allowed to buy anything unless it’s already on your list.”(规则是:你不能买任何东西,除非它已经在你的清单上了。)承上启下,符合题意。故选G项。
2.D 根据空后“Before you go out, put a small amount of cash in your purse to cover all the buying you plan on doing. If the cash runs out, your shopping time is over for the day.”可知,空处应表示合理消费,D项“You can’t spend money you don’t have.”(你不能花你没有的钱。)与上下文呼应,符合文意,故选D项。
3.F 根据上文“When it comes to clothes, just buy the basics.”可知,买衣服时,应只买必需品。选项应承接上文,说明买衣服时的建议,F项“Before you buy something, ask yourself how often you’ll actually wear it.”(在你买一些衣服之前,问问你自己实际上你多久会穿一次。)符合文意,故选F项。
4.B 根据本段主旨句“When in doubt, leave the store.”和空前“Have no idea whether or not to buy something ”及下文“If you decide…”可知,空处表示当不确定买不买某个东西时,离开商店,B项“Put it down and leave the store.” (把东西放下,离开商店。)与上下文呼应,符合题意。故选B项。
5.C 空处是本段主旨句。根据空后“Not all shopping friends are created equal.”和后文的描述可知,本段主要讲述了如何选择购物朋友,C项“Pick your shopping friends wisely.”(明智地选择你的购物朋友。)与上下文呼应,符合文意。故选C项。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小就体验了贫困,本以为长大后,情况会好转,但是结婚有了孩子后,情况更糟糕。幸好作者和她的丈夫存了一笔钱作为应急资金,这使她和丈夫在突然同时失业后安然度过了窘迫的日子。后来,作者努力奋斗,上了大学,并成为注册会计师,一切都好起来了。
1.D 根据下文“But adulthood wasn’t quite as easy as I had…”可知,这里是指作者相信长大后生活就好了,但是,长大后的生活也不容易。be convinced that“相信”,符合句意,故选D。remind提醒;comfort安慰;encourage鼓励;convince使相信。
2.B 结合第一题分析可知,作者相信长大后生活就会变好,但是却发现成人的生活不像自己“期待”的那样好,故选B。plan计划;expect期望;prove证明;allow允许。
3.C 根据上文“But adulthood wasn’t quite as easy as I had…”可知,作者成人后生活很不容易,所以此处指在作者结婚有了孩子后,经济更“困难”了,故选C。favourable支持的; complicated复杂的;difficult困难的;frightening令人惊恐的。
4.A 根据上文“In my late 20s, my world turned upside down in just 72 hours.”和下文“We were both extremely hard workers, but we could not…a depressed economy and thus had no means to support our family.”可知,作者的生活遇到危机,他们无法养家糊口,由此可知,作者和丈夫同时失业了,故选A。unemployed失业的;sick生病的,厌烦的;disabled残疾的;penniless穷困的。
5.B 由上文可知,作者和丈夫失业了,所以即便夫妻俩工作很努力,但是还是没有幸免于经济危机,依然被裁掉了,故选B。stand站立;survive幸存;resist抵制;handle处理。
6.C 根据句中的“…that saved us from disaster.”可知,夫妻俩失业了,经济窘迫,而他们当初的一个决定拯救了他们,所以这是很“幸运的”,故选C。eventually最后; coincidentally凑巧;fortunately幸运地;hopefully满怀希望地。
7.A 此处指夫妻俩设法存了1000美元的应急基金,manage to do sth“设法做到某事”,含有成功做到某事的意思,故选A。manage设法做到;attempt尝试;long渴望;swear发誓。
8.C 此处表达的是这1000美元的应急基金可以支付六周的账单。be equal to“等于”,符合句意,故选C。similar相似的;related相关的;equal相等的,能应付的; inadequate不足的。
9.D 根据上文“My husband Doug and I became…at the same time.”可知,他们都失业了,失业后要找工作,此处指他们专注于给丈夫找工作,故选D。go on继续;count on依靠;agree on同意;focus on专注于。
10.B 结合下文“As for me, instead of…from my problems, I picked myself up.”可知,作者和丈夫并没有被打败,没有崩溃,故选B。 unite联合;break使崩溃,打破;surprise使惊讶,给……惊喜;release释放,发布。
11.C 根据下文“My husband went back to work…”和“As for me, instead of…from my problems, I picked myself up.”可知,作者和丈夫变得更强大,故选C。calmer更冷静的; smarter更聪明的;stronger更强大的; healthier更健康的。
12.A 根据下文“…I picked myself up. I…to be the first person in my family to graduate from college and become a CPA.”可知作者并没有逃避问题,故选A。hide 躲避;separate分开;excuse原谅;learn学习。
13.C 此处指她努力上大学,并成为一名注册会计师, struggle to do sth表示“努力做某事”,故选C。deserve应得;predict预测;struggle挣扎,努力; happen发生。
14.D 根据下文“Because my plant had closed down, I was eligible (有资格的) to go to school under the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA).”可知,因为作者所在工厂倒闭了,她才有资格上学,所以对作者来说,这给作者带来“好处”,故选D。truth事实; problem问题;challenge挑战; benefit利益,好处。
15.A 结合全文可知,作者经历了一系列的经济上的困难,最终取得成功,所以作者愿意把自己的经历和建议分享给别人,故选A。share分享;compare比较;exchange交换;connect连接。Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
in case 以防;以防万一
(教材P54)In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what should you do
万一在国外旅行时你遇到这种事,你该怎么办
in case of… 假使……;万一……
in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话,在这种/
那种情况下
in any case 无论如何,不管怎样
in no case 绝不(置于句首,句子部分倒装)
[温馨提示] 当case作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时,要用where引导定语从句。
【佳句背诵】
(1)The sun is shining, but I’ll take an umbrella just in case. (用作副词,其意为“以防万一”)
现在阳光明媚,但我还是会带一把雨伞以防万一。
(2)Take an umbrella, in case it rains. (用作连词,其意为“如果,以防万一”)
带上把伞吧,以防下雨。
【活学活用】
◆用case相关短语填空
①It may rain tomorrow, but we are going home .
②The company makes a promise that will the price of products be cheapened.
③ you cannot finish the task in time, be sure to let me know.
④ emergency, break the glass and press the button.
◆完成句子/句式改写
⑤Have you ever had the case although you did a good deed
你是否有过做了好事而被冤枉的情形呢
⑥We can go against the law of nature or we’ll meet endless suffering.
→
or we’ll meet endless suffering. (用倒装句改写)
我们绝不能违背自然法则,否则我们将会遇到无止境的苦难。
⑦The plane may be several hours late, and there’s no point in our waiting.
→The plane may be several hours late, there’s no point in our waiting.(用定语从句改写)
飞机可能晚点几个小时,那样我们再等下去也就没有意义了。
【语法图解】
一、情态动词
【探究发现】
阅读、观察下列句子,体会情态动词的用法。
①I’m fond of my sister but she can be really stubborn.
②“You must have a wrong number,” she said.“There’s no one of that name here.”
③Doctors say that exercise is important for health,but it must be regular exercise.
④I’m afraid Mr Harding can’t see you now.He’s busy.
⑤—May I take this book out of the reading room
—No,you mustn’t. You read it here.
⑥—I haven’t got the reference book yet,but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don’t worry. You shall have it by Friday.
⑦It can’t be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
⑧Some young people these days just won’t go out of their homes to contact the real world.
⑨—I don’t really like James. Why do you invite him
—Don’t worry. He might not come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
⑩—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night
—I wanted to,but my mum simply would not let me out so late at night.
【自我归纳一】
1.句①中的can和句④中的can’t表 ,句⑦中的can’t表 。
2.句②中的must表 ,句③中的must表 ,句⑤中的mustn’t表 。
3.句⑧中的won’t和句⑩中的would表 。
4.句⑤中的may表请求许可,句⑨中的might表 。
5.句⑥中的shall表 。
【语法详解】
1.can和could的用法
(1)表示能力。
①She can speak English.她会说英语。
②I can lift the heavy box.
我能举起这个沉重的箱子。
(2)表示猜测,主要用于疑问句或否定句。(could比can可能性更小)
①—Where could/can he be now
“他现在可能在哪儿 ”
—He could/can go to the cinema.
“他可能去看电影了。”
②That can’t be Emma. She has gone to Paris.
那不可能是埃玛。她已经去巴黎了。
(3)表示许可或请求许可。(could比can语气更委婉)
①You can go now, but he can’t.
你现在可以走了,但他不能走。
②Can I use your laptop
我能用一下你的笔记本电脑吗
[温馨提示] can和be able to在用法上的区别:
(1)can只有原形和过去式could,而be able to有更多的时态变化。
(2)can一般指自身具有的能力,而be able to表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力,相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。
①Mary’s business was so successful that she was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
玛丽的生意如此成功,以至于她可以在其他地方开设新的分店。(相当于succeed in doing)
②The ship was able to get to Antarctica in spite of the bad weather.(相当于manage to do)
尽管天气恶劣,这艘船还是设法到达南极洲了。
2.may和might的用法
(1)表示许可或请求许可。(用might比用may更礼貌,语气更委婉)
①May I go shopping with you tomorrow
我明天可以和你一起去购物吗
(否定回答:No,you may not/you can’t/you mustn’t/you had better not.)
②You may keep the book for a month.
你可以借这本书一个月。
(2)表示可能性。(might比may可能性更小)
①The news may be true.=The news might be true.
这消息也许是真的。
②He might not come today.
今天他可能不来了。(might not较may not更不肯定)
(3)表示祝愿。此时只能用may,并且may通常放在句首。
①May you be happy!祝你快乐!
②May you have a good time on your trip!
祝你旅途愉快!
3.must的用法
(1)表示必须。(must提出的问题,其否定回答用needn’t,表示没有必要)
①All the students must obey the school rules.
所有学生必须遵守校规。
②—Must I finish my homework this afternoon
“我今天下午必须完成作业吗 ”
—Yes,you must.“是的,必须。”
—No,you needn’t.“不,没有必要。”
(2)表示推测。(只能用在肯定句中,在否定句或疑问句中要用can或could)
①You must be tired after the long journey.
长途旅行之后你一定累了。
②Betty must be in the next room. I can hear her talking there.
贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那儿讲话。
(3)must用于指发生了某种与说话人的愿望相反、不受欢迎的事时,意思是“偏偏,偏要”。
①Must you make so much noise
你偏要弄出这么多噪声吗
②Why must it rain on Sunday
怎么偏偏在星期天下雨
(4)must not表示禁止,意思是“不许,不准,不可以”。
①You mustn’t lend my books to others.
你不准把我的书借给别人。
②You mustn’t play with the knife.
你不可以玩刀子。
4.shall的用法
(1)和第二、第三人称连用,表示说话人的命令、允诺、警告等。
①You shall do as I tell you.
你要按我告诉你的去做。(命令)
②You shall have a new dress for your birthday.
你生日的时候一定会有一条新裙子。(允诺)
(2)在问句中和第一、第三人称连用,表示说话人征求对方意见。
①Shall we begin now
我们现在可以开始了吗
②Shall she wait for you
要不要她等你
5.should的用法
(1)表示应当,意思和ought to相近,但语气稍弱些。
①We should help others when they are in trouble.
当别人有困难时,我们应该帮助他们。
②We should work harder.
我们应该更加努力工作。
(2)表示推测。
If the train is on time, she should arrive in Beijing by seven.
如果火车准点的话,她应该7点前到达北京。
(3)表示“竟然”。
It’s strange he should fail the exam.
他竟然考试不及格,真是奇怪。
6.will的用法
(1)表示愿望、意愿。
①I will do my best to help you.
我愿尽最大努力帮助你。
②I have asked her, but she won’t help us.
我已经问过她了,但她不愿意帮助我们。
(2) “Will you… ” 表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。“Will you… ”相当于“Please…”(肯定回答:“Yes, I will.”否定回答:“No, I won’t.”)
①Will you pass the message to him
请你把消息传给他好吗
②Will you please close the door
请你把门关上好吗
(3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
①Fish will die out of water.鱼离开水就会死。
②She will sit for hours reading.她常常接连坐上几个小时看书。
7.would的用法
(1)表示过去曾有过的意志、愿望和决心。
I promised that I would try my best.
我答应过要尽力而为。
(2)表示请求、愿望、个人看法等,语气委婉。
She asked if I would go with her.
她问我是否愿意和她一起去。
(3)表示过去习惯性的动作或倾向,相当于used to do。
On Sunday he would go to the park to play chess.
(以前)周日的时候,他总是去公园下棋。
8.ought to的用法
ought to后接动词原形,意思是“应该……,有义务……”。ought to和should是同义词,但ought to语气更强,在各种时态里形式无变化。其否定形式是ought not to表示“不应该……”。
①You oughtn’t to be so selfish.
你不应该这么自私。
②We ought to help the disabled.
我们应该帮助残疾人。
9.had better的用法
had better表示“最好,应该”,否定形式为had better not。
You had better be quiet. 你最好安静一些。
You had better not miss the last bus.
你最好不要错过末班公共汽车。
二、过去将来时
【探究发现】
1.…I was about to go get the letter.
2.They said the letter inside would explain what it was all about…
3.The director said he would meet the famous actor the next day.
4.They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.
【自我归纳二】
句2和句3运用 ,句1运用 ,句4运用 ,均表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作。
【语法详解】
1.过去将来时的基本概念
过去将来时主要用于表示在过去某一时间看将发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。
2.过去将来时的基本结构
(1)would+动词原形:表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。
Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us.
每当我们遇到困难时,他总会给予我们帮助。
(2)was/were going to+动词原形:表示过去的打算或在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。
Marsha was going to come with us.
玛莎准备和我们一起去。
(3)was/were about to+动词原形:表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作,不与表示具体的过去将来的时间状语连用。
I was just about to go to bed when he came to see me. 我正要睡觉,这时他来看我了。
(4)was/were to+动词原形:表示定于过去某时将要做某事。
He was to meet her at 10 on the street.
他约定和她10点钟在街上见面。
(5)was/were+现在分词:come, go, arrive, leave, die 等瞬时性动词,用在过去进行时中表示过去将要发生的情况。
①He was a little taken aback when I told him I was leaving.
当我告诉他我要离开时,他有点儿吃惊。
②We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon.
我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
(A)情态动词
1.Tom comes from Australia; he speak English very well.
2.I heard you bought a new book. I have a look
3.If you pass the driving test, you get a new car.
4.It is sunny today; we take an umbrella.
5. you like to have dinner with me
6.Jack set out at seven in the morning; he be here now.
7.When you cross the street, you be careful with the passing cars.
8.It be his mother, for she has been ill at home for a long time.
9.I come to the party with you, but I am not sure.
10.When he was young, he climb the small hill every morning.
(B)过去将来时
1.He promised he (attend) the meeting on time.
2.I wasn’t sure whether he (come) the next day so I gave him a call.
3.She was fifty-eight then. In two years, she (be) sixty.
4.He said that he (leave) at six the next day.
5.He said that he was going (live) in the country when he retired.
6.He hoped his wife (come) soon.
7.He was about (leave) when someone knocked at the door of his office.
8.It was reported that another bridge was (build) across the river the next year.
9.He told us that he was going (attend) an important meeting the next day.
10.He was to have lunch when the bell rang.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
(A)情态动词
1.When my parents were away, my grandmother .
当我父母不在的时候,我奶奶常常照看我。
2.It my teacher because she doesn’t wear glasses.
那不可能是我的老师,因为她不戴眼镜。
3.You your identification when you open a bank account.
当你开银行账户的时候,你必须带你的身份证明。
4.You home before it rains.
你最好在下雨之前回家。
5.You before going to work in America.
在去美国工作之前,你应该提高你的英语水平。
(B)过去将来时
1.I knew that he when we were in trouble.
我知道当我们陷入困境时他会帮助我们。
2.I phoned my mother to ask what time .
我打电话给母亲问她几点回家。
3.Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference .
他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。
4.Last Sunday we the Great Wall, but it rained.
上个星期天我们本打算去游览长城的,但下雨了。
5.We there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
就在我们要离开那里时,天突然开始下起大雨。Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
●Ⅰ 单句填空(用适当的情态动词填空)
1. I have a word with you It won’t take long.
2.My sister met him at the cinema yesterday afternoon, so he have attended your lecture at that time.
3.The new law states that people drive after drinking alcohol.
4.You be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
5.It is strange that it be so cold today in May.
6.Jim says we stay in his house so long as we leave it clean and tidy.
7.I work not because I work, but because I want to.
8.This is free service; you not pay for it.
9.We leave now or we’ll miss the train.
10.He promised that he join us in the party, but he hasn’t turned up until now.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.Nuclear energy at times even though it’s nice energy in general.
核能有时真的会很危险,尽管总体上它是一种好能源。
2.You at home. It all depends on yourself!
你可以和她一起去,也可以待在家里,这完全取决于你自己!
3.You without breakfast for it’s bad for your health.
你最好不要不吃早餐就去学校,因为那对你的健康有害。
4.I today because I am going out tomorrow.
我今天必须完成这篇论文,因为我明天要出去。
5.You have made the same mistake again and you next time.
你又犯了同样的错误,下次你应该更加小心。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空
[2024·广东汕头高一期中]
Why do people make their banks in the shape of a pig Pigs have nothing to do with money. They don’t store food like squirrels. So how did we end up 1. (use) a pig as the style of a bank
During the fifteenth century, metal was very expensive. Dishes and pots were made from a type of orange clay (黏土) called “pygg”, 2. was pronounced just like “pig”. At the time, there weren’t banks like those we have today, so people would store their money at home. When 3. (housewife) had extra coins to save, they would place them in clay jars or pots. As the type of clay was called “pygg”, people 4. (refer) to the jars as pygg banks. Over time this evolved into piggy banks.
5. a few hundred years people forgot that the word “pygg” was associated with the clay the banks 6. (make) from. The English language was also changing and the word “pig” was more commonly used 7. before. So when English potters began to receive request 8. piggy banks, they assumed their customers were asking for banks 9. (shape) like pigs, not banks made from pygg.
Today piggy banks are made from all kinds of materials, and they also come in a 10. (vary) of shapes and animals. But the term “piggy bank” is still used to refer to these adorable containers for loose change.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
[2024·河北保定六校联考高一期中]
Imagine this: you’re at a movie theatre food stand loading up on snacks. You have a choice of a small, medium or large soda. The small is $3.50 and the large is $5.50. It’s a tough decision: the small size may not last you through the whole movie, but $5.50 for some sugary drink seems unreasonable. But there’s a third option (选择), a medium soda for $5.25. The medium might be just right for you, but the large only costs a quarter more. If you’re like the majority of people, you end up buying the large.
If you’re wondering who would purchase the medium soda, the answer is almost no one. Actually, there’s a good chance that the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy (诱饵), making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small.
I have written about this unique human nature previously with my friend Dan Ariely, who, after noticing pricing for subscription (订阅) to The Economist, studied this phenomenon extensively. The digital subscription was $59, the print subscription was $125, and the print plus digital subscription was also $125. No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get the digital subscription as well for the same price, so why was it even an option Ariely ran an experiment and found that when only the two “real” choices were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription. However, the bad option increased people’s likelihood of selecting the expensive print plus digital option.
Brain scientists call this effect “asymmetric dominance” and it means that people are attracted to the option that is closest to an obviously inferior (较差的) option. Marketing professors call it the decoy effect, which is certainly easier to remember. It works because of the way our brain assigns value when making choices. Value is rarely absolute; rather, we decide an object’s value relative to other choices. If more options are introduced, the value equation (方程) changes.
( )1.Why do the shops give the third option—the medium soda
A.To offer people more choices.
B.To give people the right size of soda.
C.To help people save some money.
D.To earn more money.
( )2.What do we learn from Dan Ariely’s experiment
A.The Economist’s print edition turns out to sell best.
B.More readers choose the digital over the print edition.
C.Lower-priced goods attract more customers.
D.The Economist’s promotional strategy works.
( )3.From which website would you most probably find this text
A.Https://www./health.
B.Https://www./local.
C.Https://www./money.
D.Https://www.education.com/science.
( )4.How do we often assess the value of a product according to the text
A.By considering its usefulness.
B.By comparing it with other choices.
C.By examining its former value.
D.By taking its low quality into account.
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·河南商丘高一期中联考]
Ways to save money when you’re shopping
Smart shopping is important for a low budget (预算). The following tips will help you shop more smartly.
·Make a shopping list. Before you go shopping, make a list of everything you plan on buying. 1. It’ll help avoid your impulse (冲动) shopping.
·Only bring the cash you need. 2. Before you go out, put a small amount of cash in your purse to cover all the buying you plan on doing. If the cash runs out, your shopping time is over for the day.
·When it comes to clothes, just buy the basics. 3. The chances are you are better off with a smaller number of basic pieces that you can make unique (独特的) every day with accessories.
·When in doubt, leave the store. Have no idea whether or not to buy something 4. If you decide later that you really, really want it, then you can go back and buy it tomorrow. But the chances are you will be happy when you save your money.
·5. Not all shopping friends are created equal. Some of them love it when you spend money because it makes them feel better about their own purchases. Instead of going shopping with those friends, call up some friends who will give you their honest opinions and won’t persuade you into buying anything.
A.Try not to shop when you are bored.
B.Put it down and leave the store.
C.Pick your shopping friends wisely.
D.You can’t spend money you don’t have.
E.Buying used things is better for the environment and cheaper than buying new ones.
F.Before you buy something,ask yourself how often you’ll actually wear it.
G.The rule is:you are not allowed to buy anything unless it’s already on your list.
●Ⅵ 完形填空
[2024·湖北省高一期中]
I spent years struggling financially—trying to get ahead and realize my dreams. As a child, I learned what it was like to make every dollar stretch, and was 1 that, finally, things would be different when I grew up. But adulthood wasn’t quite as easy as I had 2 . My financial circumstances grew more 3 once I was married and had my children.
In my late 20s, my world turned upside down in just 72 hours. My husband Doug and I became 4 at the same time. We were both extremely hard workers, but we could not 5 a depressed economy and thus had no means to support our family.
6 , our family had made a smart decision a few years earlier that saved us from disaster. It had taken us two years, but we 7 to save a $1,000 emergency fund, which was 8 to six weeks of bills. In the meanwhile, we 9 the job search for Doug. In the end, losing all of our family’s income sources suddenly did not 10 us. Instead, it made us 11 . My husband went back to work to support our family.
As for me, instead of 12 from my problems, I picked myself up. I 13 to be the first person in my family to graduate from college and become a CPA. There was actually a hidden 14 in this whole storm for me. Because my plant had closed down, I was eligible (有资格的) to go to school under the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA). Now, I’m a CEO of iCompass Compliance Solutions. I’m also very pleased to be able to 15 my story and my advice with others.
( )1.A.reminded B.comforted
C.encouraged D.convinced
( )2.A.planned B.expected
C.proved D.allowed
( )3.A.favourable B.complicated
C.difficult D.frightening
( )4.A.unemployed B.sick
C.disabled D.penniless
( )5.A.stand B.survive
C.resist D.handle
( )6.A.Eventually B.Coincidentally
C.Fortunately D.Hopefully
( )7.A.managed B.attempted
C.longed D.swore
( )8.A.similar B.related
C.equal D.inadequate
( )9.A.went on B.counted on
C.agreed on D.focused on
( )10.A.unite B.break
C.surprise D.release
( )11.A.calmer B.smarter
C.stronger D.healthier
( )12.A.hiding B.separating
C.excusing D.learning
( )13.A.deserved B.predicted
C.struggled D.happened
( )14.A.truth B.problem
C.challenge D.benefit
( )15.A.share B.compare
C.exchange D.connect(共90张PPT)
Period Three
Discovering Useful Structures
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
in case 以防;以防万一
(教材P54)In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what
should you do 万一在国外旅行时你遇到这种事,你该怎么办
in case of… 假使……;万一……
in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话,在这种/那种情况下
in any case 无论如何,不管怎样
in no case 绝不(置于句首,句子部分倒装)
［温馨提示］当case作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时,要用where引
导定语从句。
【佳句背诵】
(1)The sun is shining, but I'll take an umbrella just in case.
(用作副词,其意为“以防万一”)
现在阳光明媚,但我还是会带一把雨伞以防万一。
(2)Take an umbrella, in case it rains. (用作连词,其意为“如果,以防
万一”)
带上把伞吧,以防下雨。
【活学活用】
◆用case相关短语填空
①It may rain tomorrow, but we are going home ____________.
②The company makes a promise that ___________ will the
price of products be cheapened.
③________ you cannot finish the task in time, be sure to let
me know.
④___________ emergency, break the glass and press the button.
in any case
in no case
In case
In case of
◆完成句子/句式改写
⑤Have you ever had the case _______________________
although you did a good deed
你是否有过做了好事而被冤枉的情形呢
where you are wronged
⑥We can ___________ go against the law of nature or we'll
meet endless suffering.
→______________________________________________
or we'll meet endless suffering. (用倒装句改写)
我们绝不能违背自然法则,否则我们将会遇到无止境的苦难。
in no case
In no case can we go against the law of nature
⑦The plane may be several hours late, and ____________
there's no point in our waiting.
→The plane may be several hours late, ______________ there's
no point in our waiting.(用定语从句改写)
飞机可能晚点几个小时,那样我们再等下去也就没有意义了。
in that case
in which case
【语法图解】
一、情态动词
【探究发现】
阅读、观察下列句子,体会情态动词的用法。
①I'm fond of my sister but she can be really stubborn.
②“You must have a wrong number,” she said.“There's no one
of that name here.”
③Doctors say that exercise is important for health,but it must
be regular exercise.
④I'm afraid Mr Harding can't see you now. He's busy.
⑤—May I take this book out of the reading room
—No,you mustn't. You read it here.
⑥—I haven't got the reference book yet,but I'll have a test on
the subject next month.
—Don't worry. You shall have it by Friday.
⑦It can't be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.
⑧Some young people these days just won't go out of their
homes to contact the real world.
⑨—I don't really like James. Why do you invite him
—Don't worry. He might not come. He said he wasn't certain
what his plans were.
⑩—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night
—I wanted to,but my mum simply would not let me out so
late at night.
【自我归纳一】
1.句①中的can和句④中的can't表________，句⑦中的can't表______。
2.句②中的must表______，句③中的must表______，句⑤中的
mustn't表______。
3.句⑧中的won't和句⑩中的would表______。
4.句⑤中的may表请求许可,句⑨中的might表________。
5.句⑥中的shall表______。
可能性
推测
推测
必须
拒绝
意愿
可能性
承诺
【语法详解】
1.can和could的用法
(1)表示能力。
①She can speak English.她会说英语。
②I can lift the heavy box. 我能举起这个沉重的箱子。
(2)表示猜测,主要用于疑问句或否定句。(could比can可能性更小)
①—Where could/can he be now “他现在可能在哪儿？”
—He could/can go to the cinema. “他可能去看电影了。”
②That can't be Emma. She has gone to Paris.
那不可能是埃玛。她已经去巴黎了。
(3)表示许可或请求许可。(could比can语气更委婉)
①You can go now, but he can't.
你现在可以走了,但他不能走。
②Can I use your laptop
我能用一下你的笔记本电脑吗
［温馨提示］can和be able to在用法上的区别:
(1)can只有原形和过去式could,而be able to有更多的时态变化。
(2)can一般指自身具有的能力,而be able to表示经过一段时间的努力
后所具有的能力,相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。
①Mary's business was so successful that she was able to set
up new branches elsewhere.
玛丽的生意如此成功,以至于她可以在其他地方开设新的分店。
(相当于succeed in doing)
②The ship was able to get to Antarctica in spite of the bad
weather.(相当于manage to do)
尽管天气恶劣,这艘船还是设法到达南极洲了。
2.may和might的用法
(1)表示许可或请求许可。(用might比用may更礼貌,语气更委婉)
①May I go shopping with you tomorrow
我明天可以和你一起去购物吗
(否定回答:No,you may not/you can't/you mustn't/you had
better not.)
②You may keep the book for a month.
你可以借这本书一个月。
(2)表示可能性。(might比may可能性更小)
①The news may be true.=The news might be true.
这消息也许是真的。
②He might not come today.
今天他可能不来了。(might not较may not更不肯定)
(3)表示祝愿。此时只能用may,并且may通常放在句首。
①May you be happy!祝你快乐!
②May you have a good time on your trip!
祝你旅途愉快!
3.must的用法
(1)表示必须。(must提出的问题,其否定回答用needn't,表示没有必要)
①All the students must obey the school rules.
所有学生必须遵守校规。
②—Must I finish my homework this afternoon
“我今天下午必须完成作业吗 ”
—Yes,you must.“是的,必须。”
—No,you needn't.“不,没有必要。”
(2)表示推测。(只能用在肯定句中,在否定句或疑问句中要用can或
could)
①You must be tired after the long journey.
长途旅行之后你一定累了。
②Betty must be in the next room. I can hear her talking there.
贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那儿讲话。
(3)must用于指发生了某种与说话人的愿望相反、不受欢迎的事时,意
思是“偏偏,偏要”。
①Must you make so much noise
你偏要弄出这么多噪声吗
②Why must it rain on Sunday
怎么偏偏在星期天下雨
(4)must not表示禁止,意思是“不许,不准,不可以”。
①You mustn't lend my books to others.
你不准把我的书借给别人。
②You mustn't play with the knife.
你不可以玩刀子。
4.shall的用法
(1)和第二、第三人称连用,表示说话人的命令、允诺、警告等。
①You shall do as I tell you.
你要按我告诉你的去做。(命令)
②You shall have a new dress for your birthday.
你生日的时候一定会有一条新裙子。(允诺)
(2)在问句中和第一、第三人称连用,表示说话人征求对方意见。
①Shall we begin now 我们现在可以开始了吗
②Shall she wait for you 要不要她等你
5.should的用法
(1)表示应当,意思和ought to相近,但语气稍弱些。
①We should help others when they are in trouble.
当别人有困难时,我们应该帮助他们。
②We should work harder. 我们应该更加努力工作。
(2)表示推测。
If the train is on time, she should arrive in Beijing by seven.
如果火车准点的话,她应该7点前到达北京。
(3)表示“竟然”。
It's strange he should fail the exam.
他竟然考试不及格,真是奇怪。
6.will的用法
(1)表示愿望、意愿。
①I will do my best to help you. 我愿尽最大努力帮助你。
②I have asked her, but she won't help us.
我已经问过她了,但她不愿意帮助我们。
(2) “Will you… ” 表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。“Will you… ”
相当于“Please…”(肯定回答:“Yes, I will.”否定回答:“No, I won't.”)
①Will you pass the message to him 请你把消息传给他好吗
②Will you please close the door 请你把门关上好吗
(3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
①Fish will die out of water.鱼离开水就会死。
②She will sit for hours reading.她常常接连坐上几个小时看书。
7.would的用法
(1)表示过去曾有过的意志、愿望和决心。
I promised that I would try my best. 我答应过要尽力而为。
(2)表示请求、愿望、个人看法等,语气委婉。
She asked if I would go with her. 她问我是否愿意和她一起去。
(3)表示过去习惯性的动作或倾向,相当于used to do。
On Sunday he would go to the park to play chess.
(以前)周日的时候,他总是去公园下棋。
8.ought to的用法
ought to后接动词原形,意思是“应该……,有义务……”。ought to和
should是同义词,但ought to语气更强,在各种时态里形式无变化。
其否定形式是ought not to表示“不应该……”。
①You oughtn't to be so selfish. 你不应该这么自私。
②We ought to help the disabled.
我们应该帮助残疾人。
9.had better的用法
had better表示“最好,应该”,否定形式为had better not。
You had better be quiet. 你最好安静一些。
You had better not miss the last bus.
你最好不要错过末班公共汽车。
二、过去将来时
【探究发现】
1.…I was about to go get the letter.
2.They said the letter inside would explain what it was all
about…
3.The director said he would meet the famous actor the next
day.
4.They were going to find someone to take part in their bet
when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.
【自我归纳二】
句2和句3运用_______，句1运用______________，句4运用
_______________，均表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作。
would
was about to
were going to
【语法详解】
1.过去将来时的基本概念
过去将来时主要用于表示在过去某一时间看将发生的动作或存在的
状态,常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。
2.过去将来时的基本结构
(1)would+动词原形:表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。
Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us.
每当我们遇到困难时,他总会给予我们帮助。
(2)was/were going to+动词原形:表示过去的打算或在过去看来有迹
象表明将要发生某事。
Marsha was going to come with us.
玛莎准备和我们一起去。
(3)was/were about to+动词原形:表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作,
不与表示具体的过去将来的时间状语连用。
I was just about to go to bed when he came to see me. 我正
要睡觉,这时他来看我了。
(4)was/were to+动词原形:表示定于过去某时将要做某事。
He was to meet her at 10 on the street.
他约定和她10点钟在街上见面。
(5)was/were+现在分词:come, go, arrive, leave, die 等瞬时性动词,
用在过去进行时中表示过去将要发生的情况。
①He was a little taken aback when I told him I was leaving.
当我告诉他我要离开时,他有点儿吃惊。
②We were informed that the leaders were coming to our
school soon. 我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ 单句填空
(A)情态动词
1.Tom comes from Australia; he _____ speak English very well.
2.I heard you bought a new book. _____ I have a look
3.If you _____ pass the driving test, you ______ get a new car.
4.It is sunny today; we _____________________ take an umbrella.
5._______ you like to have dinner with me
6.Jack set out at seven in the morning; he _______ be here
now.
can
May
can
shall
needn't/don't have to
Would
should
7.When you cross the street, you ______ be careful with the
passing cars.
8.It ______ be his mother, for she has been ill at home for a
long time.
9.I _____ come to the party with you, but I am not sure.
10.When he was young, he _______ climb the small hill every
morning.
must
can't
may
would
(B)过去将来时
1.He promised he ______________ (attend) the meeting on time.
2.I wasn't sure whether he _____________ (come) the next day
so I gave him a call.
3.She was fifty-eight then. In two years, she __________ (be)
sixty.
4.He said that he _______________________ (leave) at six the
next day.
would attend
would come
would be
would leave/was leaving
5.He said that he was going _______ (live) in the country when
he retired.
6.He hoped his wife ____________ (come) soon.
7.He was about _________ (leave) when someone knocked at
the door of his office.
8.It was reported that another bridge was ___________ (build)
across the river the next year.
to live
was coming
to leave
to be built
9.He told us that he was going __________ (attend) an
important meeting the next day.
10.He was _______ to have lunch when the bell rang.
to attend
about
Ⅱ 语法与写作
(A)情态动词
1.When my parents were away, my grandmother _____________
___________.
当我父母不在的时候,我奶奶常常照看我。
would take care of me
2.It _________ my teacher because she doesn't wear glasses.
那不可能是我的老师,因为她不戴眼镜。
can't be
3.You ___________ your identification when you open a bank
account.
当你开银行账户的时候,你必须带你的身份证明。
must bring
4.You ______________ home before it rains.
你最好在下雨之前回家。
had better go
5.You ____________________________________ before going to
work in America.
在去美国工作之前,你应该提高你的英语水平。
ought to/should improve your English
(B)过去将来时
1.I knew that he _______________ when we were in trouble.
我知道当我们陷入困境时他会帮助我们。
would help us
2.I phoned my mother to ask what time _____________________
_____.
我打电话给母亲问她几点回家。
she was coming home
3.Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference
________________.
他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。
was to be held
4.Last Sunday we ___________________ the Great Wall, but it
rained.
上个星期天我们本打算去游览长城的,但下雨了。
were going to visit
5.We ____________________ there when it began to rain heavily
and suddenly.
就在我们要离开那里时,天突然开始下起大雨。
were about to leave
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单句填空(用适当的情态动词填空)
1._________ I have a word with you It won't take long.
Can/May
2.My sister met him at the cinema yesterday afternoon, so he
_________ have attended your lecture at that time.
couldn't
3.The new law states that people ________ drive after drinking
alcohol.
mustn't
4.You ______ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all
these years.
must
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10
5.It is strange that it _______ be so cold today in May.
should
6.Jim says we _____ stay in his house so long as we leave it
clean and tidy.
can
7.I work not because I _________ work, but because I want to.
have to
8.This is free service; you ______ not pay for it.
need
9.We ___________ leave now or we'll miss the train.
had better
10.He promised that he _______ join us in the party, but he
hasn't turned up until now.
would
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8
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10
Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.Nuclear energy ________________________ at times even
though it's nice energy in general.
核能有时真的会很危险,尽管总体上它是一种好能源。
can be really dangerous
2.You __________________________________ at home. It all
depends on yourself!
你可以和她一起去,也可以待在家里,这完全取决于你自己!
can/may either go with her or stay
3.You ____________________________ without breakfast for it's
bad for your health.
你最好不要不吃早餐就去学校,因为那对你的健康有害。
had better not go to school
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4.I _____________________ today because I am going out
tomorrow.
我今天必须完成这篇论文,因为我明天要出去。
must finish this essay
5.You have made the same mistake again and you
_______________________ next time.
你又犯了同样的错误,下次你应该更加小心。
should be more careful
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Ⅲ 语篇填空
[2024·广东汕头高一期中]
Why do people make their banks in the shape of a pig
Pigs have nothing to do with money. They don't store food like
squirrels. So how did we end up 1.______(use) a pig as the
style of a bank
During the fifteenth century, metal was very expensive.
Dishes and pots were made from a type of orange clay (黏土)
called “pygg”, 2._______ was pronounced just like “pig”.
using
which
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10
At the time, there weren't banks like those we have today, so
people would store their money at home. When 3.____________
(housewife) had extra coins to save, they would
place them in clay jars or pots. As the type of clay was called
“pygg”, people 4._________(refer) to the jars as pygg banks.
Over time this evolved into piggy banks.
5.______ a few hundred years people forgot that the word
“pygg” was associated with the clay the banks 6.____________
(make) from. The English language was also changing and
housewives
referred
After
were made
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the word “pig” was more commonly used 7.______ before. So when English potters began to receive request 8.____ piggy banks, they assumed their customers were asking for banks 9.________(shape) like pigs, not banks made from pygg.
Today piggy banks are made from all kinds of materials,
and they also come in a 10._______ (vary) of shapes and
animals. But the term “piggy bank” is still used to refer to these
adorable containers for loose change.
than
for
shaped
variety
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6
7
8
9
10
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们把储钱罐做成猪
的形状的原因。
1.______
using
[解析] 考查动名词。end up doing是固定搭配，意为“最终做……”，
use用动名词形式。故填using。
2._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词pygg指物，
从句缺少主语，用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
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10
3.____________
housewives
[解析] 考查名词复数。此处泛指“家庭主妇”，用可数名词housewife
的复数形式表示泛指。故填housewives。
4._________
referred
[解析] 考查时态。此处表述的事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。
故填referred。
5.______
After
[解析] 考查介词。表示“在……之后”应用介词after，句首单词首字
母大写。故填After。
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3
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5
6
7
8
9
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6.____________
were made
[解析] 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表述的事情已发生，应用
一般过去时，主语banks和make之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，
且be动词用were。故填were made。
7.______
than
[解析] 考查连词。此处表述“比以前更常用”，用比较连词than。故
填than。
8.____
for
[解析] 考查介词。request for sth是固定搭配，意为“……的请求”。
故填for。
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3
4
5
6
7
8
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10
9.________
shaped
[解析] 考查过去分词。此处是非谓语作定语，逻辑主语banks与动词
shape之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填shaped。
10._______
variety
[解析] 考查固定短语。a variety of是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。
故填variety。
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Ⅳ 阅读理解
[2024·河北保定六校联考高一期中]
Imagine this: you're at a movie theatre food stand loading
up on snacks. You have a choice of a small, medium or large
soda. The small is $3.50 and the large is $5.50. It's a tough
decision: the small size may not last you through the whole
movie, but $5.50 for some sugary drink seems unreasonable. But
there's a third option (选择), a medium soda for $5.25. The
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medium might be just right for you, but the large only costs a
quarter more. If you're like the majority of people, you end up
buying the large.
If you're wondering who would purchase the medium soda,
the answer is almost no one. Actually, there's a good chance
that the marketing department purposely priced the medium
soda as a decoy (诱饵), making you more likely to buy the
large soda rather than the small.
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2
3
4
I have written about this unique human nature previously
with my friend Dan Ariely, who, after noticing pricing for
subscription (订阅) to The Economist, studied this phenomenon
extensively. The digital subscription was $59, the print
subscription was $125, and the print plus digital subscription
was also $125. No one in their right mind would buy the print
subscription when you could get the digital subscription as well
for the same price, so why was it even an option Ariely ran an
experiment and found that when only the two “real” choices
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were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital
subscription. However, the bad option increased people's
likelihood of selecting the expensive print plus digital option.
Brain scientists call this effect “asymmetric dominance” and
it means that people are attracted to the option that is closest
to an obviously inferior (较差的) option. Marketing professors
call it the decoy effect, which is certainly easier to remember. It
works because of the way our brain assigns value when making
choices. Value is rarely absolute; rather, we decide an object's
value relative to other choices. If more options are introduced,
the value equation (方程) changes.
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文阐述的是一种诱饵效应：当
我们在做出选择时，受大脑分配价值方式的影响，在有更多选择的
时候，我们会被最接近劣势的选项所吸引。
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2
3
4
( ) 1.Why do the shops give the third option—the medium
soda
A.To offer people more choices.
B.To give people the right size of soda.
C.To help people save some money.
D.To earn more money.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段“Actually, there's a good chance
that the marketing department purposely priced the medium
soda as a decoy (诱饵), making you more likely to buy the
large soda rather than the small.”可知，商店提供中杯苏打水是为
了引导消费者购买更高利润的大杯苏打水，也就是为了赚更多的钱，
故选D。
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( ) 2.What do we learn from Dan Ariely's experiment
A.The Economist's print edition turns out to sell best.
B.More readers choose the digital over the print edition.
C.Lower-priced goods attract more customers.
D.The Economist's promotional strategy works.
√
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2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Ariely ran an experiment and
found that when only the two ‘real’ choices were offered, more
people chose the less-expensive digital subscription. However,
the bad option increased people's likelihood of selecting the
expensive print plus digital option.”可知，实验结果表明，这种促
销方式见效了。故选D。
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2
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4
( ) 3.From which website would you most probably find this
text
A.Https://www./health.
B.Https://www./local.
C.Https://www./money.
D.Https://www.education.com/science.
√
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2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章首段讲述的消费者在面对消费选择时
的最终选择结果，以及Dan Ariely所做的实验和最后一段中的
“Marketing professors call it the decoy effect, which is certainly
easier to remember.”可知，文章所涉及的信息都与消费者的消费选
择和市场营销策略有关系，由此可推断，文章很有可能出现在与消
费者相关的网站上，因此可能在消费者和金钱网站上看到这篇文章。
故选C。
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( ) 4.How do we often assess the value of a product
according to the text
A.By considering its usefulness.
B.By comparing it with other choices.
C.By examining its former value.
D.By taking its low quality into account.
√
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3
4
[解析] 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“However, the bad
option increased people's likelihood of selecting the expensive
print plus digital option.”和最后一段中的“Value is rarely absolute;
rather, we decide an object's value relative to other choices. If
more options are introduced, the value equation (方程)
changes.”(价值很少是绝对的；相反，我们确定一件物品的价值时会
对比其他的选择。如果引入更多选项，则价值方程会发生变化。)可
知，我们通常通过与其他选择进行比较来评估产品的价值。 故选B。
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Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·河南商丘高一期中联考]
Ways to save money when you're shopping
Smart shopping is important for a low budget (预算). The
following tips will help you shop more smartly.
·Make a shopping list. Before you go shopping, make a list
of everything you plan on buying. 1.___ It'll help avoid your
impulse (冲动) shopping.
G
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5
·Only bring the cash you need. 2.___ Before you go out,
put a small amount of cash in your purse to cover all the
buying you plan on doing. If the cash runs out, your shopping
time is over for the day.
·When it comes to clothes, just buy the basics. 3.___ The
chances are you are better off with a smaller number of basic
pieces that you can make unique (独特的) every day with
accessories.
D
F
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5
·When in doubt, leave the store. Have no idea whether or
not to buy something 4.___ If you decide later that you really,
really want it, then you can go back and buy it tomorrow. But
the chances are you will be happy when you save your money.
·5.___ Not all shopping friends are created equal. Some of
them love it when you spend money because it makes them
feel better about their own purchases. Instead of going
shopping with those friends, call up some friends who will give
you their honest opinions and won't persuade you into buying
anything.
B
C
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5
A.Try not to shop when you are bored.
B.Put it down and leave the store.
C.Pick your shopping friends wisely.
D.You can't spend money you don't have.
E.Buying used things is better for the environment and cheaper
than buying new ones.
F.Before you buy something，ask yourself how often you'll
actually wear it.
G.The rule is：you are not allowed to buy anything unless it's
already on your list.
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3
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1.___
G
[解析] 根据空前“Before you go shopping, make a list of
everything you plan on buying.”和空后“It'll help avoid your
impulse (冲动) shopping.”可知，空处为购物前列购物清单的方法，
G项“The rule is: you are not allowed to buy anything unless it's
already on your list.”(规则是：你不能买任何东西，除非它已经在你
的清单上了。)承上启下，符合题意。故选G项。
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了购物时省钱的方法。
2.___
D
[解析] 根据空后“Before you go out, put a small amount of cash
in your purse to cover all the buying you plan on doing. If the
cash runs out, your shopping time is over for the day.”可知，空
处应表示合理消费，D项“You can't spend money you don't
have.”(你不能花你没有的钱。)与上下文呼应，符合文意，故选D项。
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3.___
F
[解析] 根据上文“When it comes to clothes, just buy the basics.”
可知，买衣服时，应只买必需品。选项应承接上文，说明买衣服时
的建议，F项“Before you buy something, ask yourself how often
you'll actually wear it.”(在你买一些衣服之前，问问你自己实际上你
多久会穿一次。)符合文意，故选F项。
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4.___
B
[解析] 根据本段主旨句“When in doubt, leave the store.”和空前
“Have no idea whether or not to buy something？”及下文“If you
decide…”可知，空处表示当不确定买不买某个东西时，离开商店，B
项“Put it down and leave the store.” (把东西放下，离开商店。)与
上下文呼应，符合题意。故选B项。
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5.___
C
[解析] 空处是本段主旨句。根据空后“Not all shopping friends are
created equal.”和后文的描述可知，本段主要讲述了如何选择购物朋
友，C项“Pick your shopping friends wisely.”(明智地选择你的购物
朋友。)与上下文呼应，符合文意。故选C项。
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Ⅵ 完形填空
[2024·湖北省高一期中]
I spent years struggling financially—trying to get ahead and
realize my dreams. As a child, I learned what it was like to
make every dollar stretch, and was . .1. . that, finally, things
would be different when I grew up. But adulthood wasn't quite
as easy as I had . .2. .. My financial circumstances grew more . .3. .
once I was married and had my children.
In my late 20s, my world turned upside down in just 72
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hours. My husband Doug and I became . .4. . at the same time.
We were both extremely hard workers, but we could not . .5. . a
depressed economy and thus had no means to support our
family.
. .6. ., our family had made a smart decision a few years
earlier that saved us from disaster. It had taken us two years,
but we . .7. . to save a $1,000 emergency fund, which was . .8. .
to six weeks of bills. In the meanwhile, we . .9. . the job search
for Doug. In the end, losing all of our family's income sources
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suddenly did not . .10. . us. Instead, it made us . .11. .. My
husband went back to work to support our family.
As for me, instead of . .12. . from my problems, I picked
myself up. I . .13. . to be the first person in my family to
graduate from college and become a CPA. There was actually a
hidden . .14. . in this whole storm for me. Because my plant had
closed down, I was eligible (有资格的) to go to school under
the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA). Now, I'm a CEO of
iCompass Compliance Solutions. I'm also very pleased to be able
to . .15. . my story and my advice with others.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小就体验了贫困，本以为
长大后，情况会好转，但是结婚有了孩子后，情况更糟糕。幸好作
者和她的丈夫存了一笔钱作为应急资金，这使她和丈夫在突然同时
失业后安然度过了窘迫的日子。后来，作者努力奋斗，上了大学，
并成为注册会计师，一切都好起来了。
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( ) 1.A.reminded B.comforted
C.encouraged D.convinced
[解析] 根据下文“But adulthood wasn't quite as easy as I had…”
可知，这里是指作者相信长大后生活就好了，但是，长大后的生活
也不容易。be convinced that“相信”，符合句意，故选D。remind提
醒；comfort安慰；encourage鼓励；convince使相信。
( ) 2.A.planned B.expected C.proved D.allowed
[解析] 结合第一题分析可知，作者相信长大后生活就会变好，但是
却发现成人的生活不像自己“期待”的那样好，故选B。plan计划；
expect期望；prove证明；allow允许。
√
√
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( ) 3.A.favourable B.complicated C.difficult D.frightening
[解析] 根据上文“But adulthood wasn't quite as easy as I had…”
可知，作者成人后生活很不容易，所以此处指在作者结婚有了孩子
后，经济更“困难”了，故选C。favourable支持的； complicated复杂
的；difficult困难的；frightening令人惊恐的。
√
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( ) 4.A.unemployed B.sick C.disabled D.penniless
[解析] 根据上文“In my late 20s, my world turned upside down
in just 72 hours.”和下文“We were both extremely hard workers,
but we could not…a depressed economy and thus had no
means to support our family.”可知，作者的生活遇到危机，他们无
法养家糊口，由此可知，作者和丈夫同时失业了，故选A。
unemployed失业的；sick生病的，厌烦的；disabled残疾的；
penniless穷困的。
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( ) 5.A.stand B.survive C.resist D.handle
[解析] 由上文可知，作者和丈夫失业了，所以即便夫妻俩工作很努
力，但是还是没有幸免于经济危机，依然被裁掉了，故选B。stand
站立；survive幸存；resist抵制；handle处理。
( ) 6.A.Eventually B.Coincidentally
C.Fortunately D.Hopefully
[解析] 根据句中的“…that saved us from disaster.”可知，夫妻俩失
业了，经济窘迫，而他们当初的一个决定拯救了他们，所以这是很
“幸运的”，故选C。eventually最后； coincidentally凑巧；fortunately
幸运地；hopefully满怀希望地。
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( ) 7.A.managed B.attempted C.longed D.swore
[解析] 此处指夫妻俩设法存了1000美元的应急基金，manage to
do sth“设法做到某事”，含有成功做到某事的意思，故选A。manage
设法做到；attempt尝试；long渴望；swear发誓。
( ) 8.A.similar B.related C.equal D.inadequate
[解析] 此处表达的是这1000美元的应急基金可以支付六周的账单。
be equal to“等于”，符合句意，故选C。similar相似的；related相关
的；equal相等的，能应付的； inadequate不足的。
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( ) 9.A.went on B.counted on
C.agreed on D.focused on
[解析] 根据上文“My husband Doug and I became…at the same
time.”可知，他们都失业了，失业后要找工作，此处指他们专注于给
丈夫找工作，故选D。go on继续；count on依靠；agree on同意；
focus on专注于。
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( ) 10.A.unite B.break C.surprise D.release
[解析] 结合下文“As for me, instead of…from my problems, I
picked myself up.”可知，作者和丈夫并没有被打败，没有崩溃，故
选B。 unite联合；break使崩溃，打破；surprise使惊讶，给……惊
喜；release释放，发布。
( ) 11.A.calmer B.smarter C.stronger D.healthier
[解析] 根据下文“My husband went back to work…”和“As for me,
instead of…from my problems, I picked myself up.”可知，作者和
丈夫变得更强大，故选C。calmer更冷静的； smarter更聪明的；
stronger更强大的； healthier更健康的。
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( ) 12.A.hiding B.separating C.excusing D.learning
[解析] 根据下文“…I picked myself up. I…to be the first person
in my family to graduate from college and become a CPA.”可知
作者并没有逃避问题，故选A。hide 躲避；separate分开；excuse原
谅；learn学习。
( ) 13.A.deserved B.predicted C.struggled D.happened
[解析] 此处指她努力上大学，并成为一名注册会计师， struggle to
do sth表示“努力做某事”，故选C。deserve应得；predict预测；
struggle挣扎，努力； happen发生。
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( ) 14.A.truth B.problem C.challenge D.benefit
[解析] 根据下文“Because my plant had closed down, I was
eligible (有资格的) to go to school under the Job Training
Partnership Act (JTPA).”可知，因为作者所在工厂倒闭了，她才有资
格上学，所以对作者来说，这给作者带来“好处”，故选D。truth事实；
problem问题；challenge挑战； benefit利益，好处。
( ) 15.A.share B.compare C.exchange D.connect
[解析] 结合全文可知，作者经历了一系列的经济上的困难，最终取
得成功，所以作者愿意把自己的经历和建议分享给别人，故选A。
share分享；compare比较；exchange交换；connect连接。
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