Period Two Reading and Thinking—Language points
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.①(should) be taken ②Crucially ③becomes crucial
④which plays a crucial part/role in
2.①vitally ②(should) be collected ③it is vital for us to protect the ocean/it is vitally important for us to protect the ocean
④which plays a vital/crucial role in
3.①to ②committed ③developing ④were committed to/committed themselves to ⑤a committed scientist; always committed herself to/was always committed to
4.①objective ②objective ③building ④ Setting a clear objective ⑤With the objective of enriching students’ school life;Aiming to enrich students’ school life
5.①on ②evaluation ③evaluate students on their grades; evaluate students on ④evaluated her performance
6.①obtainable ②obtained ③to obtain ④Having obtained a better understanding of ⑤help employees obtain the skills; which are easily obtainable
7.①acknowledgement ②cheating ③acknowledged ④It’s generally acknowledged that ⑤acknowledge my English teacher
8.①on ②(should) be posted ③had done; (should) be treated ④insisted on meeting him ⑤I insisted on our meeting at the bus station and giving him;I insisted (that) we (should) meet at the bus station and I (should) give him
句型透视
1.①hearing ②at ③when ④at the thought of
⑤The moment I saw him lying helplessly in bed;Upon seeing him lying helplessly in bed;Immediately I saw him lying helplessly in bed
2.①to make ②that ③crying ④it is our duty to take actionPeriod Two Reading and Thinking—Language points
Ⅰ.1.commitment 2.scientific 3.apparently 4.were defeated 5.analysis 6.obtained 7.academic 8.be evaluated 9.crucially 10.conclusion
Ⅱ.1.make sure 2.led to 3.insisted on 4.got stuck
5.reached/drawn/arrived at/come to a conclusion 6.With the objective of 7.play a crucial/an important role in
8.committed himself to
Ⅲ.1.Upon/On hearing the news
2.he was very angry; (should) be left alone for a while
3.it (suddenly) struck me that
4.It will be a great honour for me to show you around Beijing
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了有影响力的20世纪的女性核物理学家吴健雄的生平事迹。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wu’s father, Wu Zhongyi, founded the first school for girls in Taicang, aiming to break the old idea that it was women’s virtue to have no talents, which had the greatest influence on Wu Chien-shiung’s life.”(吴健雄的父亲吴仲裔在太仓创办了第一所女子学校,旨在打破“女子无才便是德”的旧观念,这对吴健雄的一生影响最大。)可知,吴健雄的家庭背景对她有深远的影响。故选C。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段“During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s pioneering achievements won her nicknames such as ‘Chinese Madame Curie’, ‘queen of nuclear research’ and ‘first lady of physics’. She was the first woman to be president of American Physical Society, the first female winner of the Comstock Prize in Physics given by the US National Academy of Sciences, the first person to receive the Wolf Prize in Physics, the first honorary doctorate awarded by Princeton University to a woman, and the first female professor of physics in the history of Columbia University.”(在她44年的核物理学家生涯中,吴的开创性成就为她赢得了“中国居里夫人”、“核研究女王”和“物理学第一夫人”等称号。她是第一位担任美国物理学会会长的女性,第一位获得美国国家科学院颁发的科姆斯托克物理学奖的女性,第一位获得沃尔夫物理学奖的人,第一位获得普林斯顿大学荣誉博士学位的女性,也是哥伦比亚大学历史上第一位女性物理学教授。)可知,作者通过本段旨在说明吴健雄在许多方面都是“先锋”。故选B。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中“To get accurate results from experiments, she worked very hard day and night at a laboratory and gained a reputation (名声) for accuracy.”(为了得到准确的实验结果,她在实验室里夜以继日地努力工作,并以准确著称。)可知,吴健雄是一个勤奋的人;再根据“She was always very careful in experiments, spending a great deal of time calibrating (校准) instruments.”(她做实验总是很细心,花很多时间校准仪器。)可知,她是一个小心谨慎的人。综上,吴健雄是一个谨慎且勤奋的人。故选D。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Compared with physicists such as Marie Curie or Richard Feynman, Wu Chien-shiung is not a household name in China but she was one of the most influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century, one that ‘completely’ changed humans’ view of the universe.”以及整篇文章可知,本文讲述的是有影响力的20世纪的女性核物理学家吴健雄的生平事迹。故选A。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了纳米技术专家萨卡尔的成长经历以及她所取得的成就。
1.C 根据常识和下文“She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains.”可知,她希望把纳米装置放在人类神经元之间,以提高我们大脑处理器的计算速度,由此可推断,她正在进行“影响”全世界数百万人思维的大脑疾病研究。故选C项。enrich使丰富; read阅读;affect影响; poison毒害。
2.D 根据下文可知,此处指的是她认为她早年的“灵感”源自父母。故选D项。credit…as…意思是 “把……视为……;认为……是……”。 bird鸟;researcher研究者; failure失败的人(或事物); inspiration灵感来源。
3.B 根据上文“Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early…”以及下文“…who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by…to fund her own education.”可知,此处指的是她作为研究人员的勇气来自她的“母亲”。故选B项。aunt姑妈;mother母亲;sister姐妹; grandmother祖母。
4.A 根据下文“…to fund her own education.”可知,母亲努力工作为她获取教育基金。故选A项。 work工作; pretend假装; refuse拒绝;wait等待。
5.C 根据上文“Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early…”可知,此处指她的父亲“激发”了她对工程学的兴趣。故选C项。protect保护;switch改变,转变; stimulate刺激; support支持。
6.D 根据后文“…fashioning devices to make home life more…including an electricity-free washing machine.”可知,做这些设备是父亲自己“热爱”的事。故选D项。 job工作; holiday假期; discomfort不适; passion酷爱,激情。
7.B 根据下文“…including an electricity-free washing machine.”可知,父亲做了很多设备,包括一台不用电的洗衣机,由此可推断,此处指的是能使家庭生活更“便利”的设备。故选B项。 complex复杂的; convenient方便的; peaceful平静的; meaningful有意义的。
8.A 根据上文“Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father…her interest in engineering.”可知,父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣,此处指的是“感兴趣的”。故选A项。 interested感兴趣的; honest诚实的;lucky幸运的; disappointed失望的。
9.B 根据常识和下文“…Sarkar…California to study nanoelectronics.”可知,萨卡尔应该是从印度理工学院“获得”电气工程学士学位后去了加州学习纳米电子学。故选B项。 start开始; earn获得; need需要;introduce介绍。
10.C 根据上文“After…a Bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad…”以及下文“…California to study nanoelectronics.”可知,萨卡尔在印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后,“前往”加州学习纳米电子学。故选C项。adapt to适应;relate to与……相关; head to朝……前进;belong to属于。
11.A 根据上文“There, she tested new ways…”可知,萨卡尔在加州测试新方法,由此可推断,此处应为“制造”纳米器具。故选A项。create创造; fix修理; operate操作; sell售卖。
12.C 根据常识和下文“…consumed by computers and other everyday electronics.”可知,电脑和其他的电子产品应该是耗电的,此处指的是制造出可以减少计算机和其他日常电子产品消耗的“电”量的纳米器具。故选C项。 water水; money金钱; power电; time时间。
13.D 根据语境以及下文“…she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.”可知,她开发了一种出色的纳米器具,取得了突破,由此可知,此处应是经过不懈努力后,“最终”取得突破。故选D项。 unfortunately不幸地;immediately立刻; obviously显而易见地; eventually最终。
14.B 根据下文“She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains.”可知,她希望把纳米装置放在人类神经元之间,以提高我们大脑处理器的计算速度,根据空后的“…which she calls ‘the lowest energy computer’.”可知,被称为“最低能量的计算机”应该是大脑,所以此处指的是她开始对“大脑”感兴趣。故选B项。 computer电脑;brain大脑;exercise练习; fashion时尚。
15.D 根据常识和下文“…but we could be better than what we are…”可知,我们可以比我们现在做得更好,由此可知,我们的大脑应是“非凡的”。故选D项。empty空的;busy忙的; relaxed放松的; remarkable非凡的。Period Two Reading and Thinking—Language points
1.crucial adj. 至关重要的,关键性的
(1)be crucial to/for… 对……是至关重要的
play a crucial role/part in sth 在某方面起关键作用
be of crucial importance 非常重要
(2)It is crucial that… ……是至关重要的。(从句用虚拟语气,should可以省略)
(3)crucially adv. 至关重要地【佳句背诵】
[北师选必三] While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns. 尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要,但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①It is crucial that strict measures (take) to protect forests and wildlife habitats to maintain ecological balance.
② (crucial), education is not just about acquiring knowledge; it is also about cultivating character and values.
◆完成句子
③[2024·浙江1月考应用文写作] As we navigate through our busy school days, finding ways to stay fit and energized at break .
在我们度过忙碌的学校生活时,找到在课间休息时保持健康和充满活力的方法变得至关重要。
④[2022·全国甲卷书面表达] World Oceans Day was set up to raise the awareness of protecting the ocean, the global ecosystem. 世界海洋日的设立是为了提高人们对保护海洋的意识,海洋在全球生态系统中起着至关重要的作用。
2.vital adj. 极其重要的,必不可少的
(1)be vital to/for… 对……是至关重要的
(2)It is vital that… ……是十分重要的。(从句用虚拟语气,should可以省略)
(3)vitally adv. 极其,绝对
It is vitally important for sb to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是至关重要的。【佳句背诵】
Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
了解历史对于了解我们作为一个民族和一个国家至关重要。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The government had decided on a change in their policy which (vital) affected the future of the country.
②It is vital that enough money (collect) to fund the project.
◆完成句子
③[2022·全国甲卷] Not only does the ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature. So, .(应用文写作之保护海洋)
海洋不仅给我们提供了充足的食物,而且还维持了自然的平衡。因此,保护海洋对我们来说至关重要。
④Another is using more supportive words to encourage us to talk, increasing classroom interaction.
另一点是用更多支持性的话语来鼓励我们交谈,这在增加课堂互动方面起着至关重要的作用。
3.committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的
(1)be committed to (doing) sth
致力于(做)某事
(2)commit v. 做出(错误或非法的事); 犯(罪或错等); 承诺,保证
commit a crime 犯罪
commit an error 犯错误
commit oneself to (doing/do) sth
致力于/承诺/保证(做)某事
commit…to doing sth 投入……做某事
(3)commitment n. 投入;奉献;承诺;保证
make a commitment to (do) sth
承诺(做)某事【佳句背诵】
(1)(教材P2)Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China… 屠呦呦出生于中国宁波,她是一位尽职尽责且有耐心的科学家……
(2)Both sides are committed to pushing forward this vitally important relationship between our two countries. 双方都致力于推进我们两国间这一至关重要的关系。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2024·全国甲卷] These developments showcase not only China’s technological progress but also its commitment environmental sustainability.
②Although he has many challenges in his life, he remains (commit) to his cause and never gives up.
③Being committed to (develop) the green economy, as is reported, is the driving force behind the success of the village.
◆完成句子
④[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] With the help of their father, the twins making a delicious breakfast. 在父亲的帮助下,这对双胞胎致力于做一顿美味的早餐。
⑤She was , known for her integrity and perseverance. No matter how difficult the challenges were, she her scientific principles.(读后续写之人物品质描写)
她是一位尽职尽责的科学家,以正直和坚忍不拔而闻名。无论挑战多么困难,她始终坚守自己的科学原则。
4.objective n. 目的,目标 adj. 客观的;宾格的
(1)with the objective of… 带着……的目标
achieve/meet an objective 达到目标
set an objective 确定目标
(2)object v. 不同意,反对
object to sth/sb 反对……
object to (sb) doing sth 不同意(某人)做
某事
(3)objection n. 反对;异议
raise/have an objection to (doing) sth
对……提出异议/对……表示反对[温馨提示] 同义表达“目的是……”:with the intention/aim/purpose of; be aimed at。
【佳句背诵】
The school organized various extracurricular activities with the objective of developing students’ creativity and teamwork spirit.学校组织了各种各样的课外活动,目的在于培养学生的创造力和团队合作精神。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The main (object) of the project is to improve the quality of education in rural areas.
②She tried to remain (object)when evaluating the performance of her team members.
③Many residents object to (build) a new shopping mall in their neighbourhood due to increased traffic.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④ at the beginning of the new semester is vitally important to your study. (应用文写作之建议信)
在新学期开始时设定一个明确的目标对你的学习至关重要。
⑤为了丰富学生们的校园生活,我们学校于上周日举办了一场师生足球友谊赛。(应用文写作之校园活动)
→ , our school organised a friendly football match between students and teachers last Sunday. (with the objective of)
→ ,
our school organised a friendly football match between students and teachers last Sunday.(aim to do)
5.evaluate vt. 评价;评估
(1)evaluate one’s ability 评估某人的能力
evaluate sb/sth on… 根据……评价某人/某物
(2)evaluation n. 评估
make an evaluation of… 对……进行评估【佳句背诵】
(教材P2)Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.
她的团队研读了2000多篇古老的医药文献,并对28万种植物的药学属性进行了评估。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The teacher will evaluate students their performance in class, homework completion, and test scores.
②The (evaluate) of the new software took several weeks, as the team needed to test all its features.
◆完成句子
③Some people think that we should while others believe that we should not only focus on grades but also their creativity, teamwork and communication skills.(应用文写作之观点对比)
一些人认为我们应该根据学生的成绩来评价他们,而另一些人则认为我们不仅要关注成绩,还应该根据学生的创造力、团队合作能力和沟通能力来评价他们。
④When the teacher finally and gave her a warm smile, her heart swelled with pride and relief flooded over her.(读后续写之心理描写)
当老师最终对她的表现做出评价,并朝她露出温暖的微笑时,她的心里充满了自豪,如释重负的感觉涌上心头。
6.obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在;流行
(1)obtain…from… 从……获取……
obtain advice/information/permission
得到忠告/信息/许可
(2)obtainable adj. 可获得的,可得到的【佳句背诵】
(1)The money obtained from part-time jobs will strongly support students to continue their study.
兼职工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的学习。
(2)The custom of giving gifts during festivals still obtains in many parts of the country.在节日期间送礼物的习俗在这个国家的很多地方仍然流行。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Knowledge that was once only (obtain)through extensive research in libraries is now just a few clicks away.
②Working tirelessly, they analysed the samples (obtain)from different locations, seeking answers to the mystery.
③[2024·浙江1月考] Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough (obtain) a second treat and various forms of success.
◆完成句子
④
the situation, I would like to offer some suggestions for improvement.(应用文写作之建议信)
在对情况有了更好的了解后,我想提出一些改进的建议。
⑤The training sessions are designed to necessary for career advancement, with commitment and practice.(应用文写作之通知)
培训课程旨在帮助员工获得职业晋升所需的技能,这些技能通过投入精力和练习是很容易获得的。
7.acknowledge vt. 承认,公认;(公开)感谢
(1)acknowledge (doing) sth 承认(做了)某事
acknowledge sth/sb to be/as… 承认某事/某人是……
It is universally/generally acknowledged that
……是大家公认的。
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢
in acknowledgement of 以感谢……【佳句背诵】
(1)It is acknowledged that the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile. 人们普遍认为人与人之间最短的距离是真诚的微笑。
(2)The company gave him a bonus in acknowledgement of his outstanding contributions to the project.公司给他发了一笔奖金,以感谢他对这个项目做出的杰出贡献。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①In the journey of life, an (acknowledge)of our shortcomings is the first step towards growth and self-improvement.
②The student acknowledged (cheat) on the exam when faced with the evidence and was prepared to accept the consequences.
③The book, (acknowledge) as a classic of modern literature, has been translated into many languages and is widely read around the world.
◆完成句子
④[2022·全国甲卷书面表达] the ocean plays an important role in many aspects.
人们普遍认为海洋在很多方面都起着重要作用。
⑤I sincerely , with whose support I have boosted my confidence in study.(应用文写作之人物描写)
我衷心感谢我的英语老师,在他的支持下,我增强了学习的信心。
8.insist vi. & vt. 坚持;坚决要求
insist on doing sth 坚持做某事
insist (that)… 坚决要求;坚决主张[从句用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”形式]
insist (that)… 坚持说;坚持认为(从句用陈述语气)【佳句背诵】
(教材P3)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要求以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist what you think is right.
②My mother insisted that the video
(post)online, so I had to give in to her.
③The lady insisted that she (do)
nothing wrong and that she (treat) properly.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写] I thanked him once more for his incredible kindness and to return the favour.
我再次为他那令人难以置信的善意向他表示感谢,并坚持要与他见面以回报他的恩情。
⑤[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写] 虽然他让我不要麻烦了,但我坚持我们在公交车站见面,并给他他应得的东西。
→While he asked me not to bother it, what he deserved. (insist on)
→While he asked me not to bother it, what he deserved.(insist 从句)
1.(教材P3)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said…
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说……
upon/on+v.-ing/n. 一……就……
句型公式
【句式点拨】
upon/on+v.-ing/n. 表示“一……就……”,相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。一些表示短暂性动作的动词,如arrive, return, leave, reach, hear, see, receive, enter等,其相应的名词或动名词形式均可用在介词on/upon之后表示“一……就……”。
【归纳拓展】
表示“一……就……”的表达方式:
(1)as soon as, no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely… when…等;
(2)副词用作连词:immediately, directly, instantly等;
(3)名词用作连词:the minute, the moment, the instant等;
(4)at引导的一些介词短语,如at the sight of(一看到),at the thought of(一想到),at the sound of(一听到)等。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Upon (hear) my words, he was inspired instantly and decided to run.
②[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Mother hugged the twins. Her eyes widened the sight of the breakfast tray.
③Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning we realized we had forgotten our map in the room.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④He felt a rush of happiness going on an adventure to a new place. (读后续写之心理描写)
一想到要去一个新的地方冒险,他感到一阵幸福。
⑤[2022·浙江1月考读后续写] 当我看到他无助地躺在床上时,我决定我必须独自行动,尽我最大的努力。
→ ,
I decided I had to act alone and do my best. (the moment)
→ ,
I decided I had to act alone and do my best. (upon doing)
→ ,
I decided I had to act alone and do my best. (immediately)
2.(教材P3)It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 中国的科研和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。
It is an honour for sb to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是一种荣誉。
句型公式
【句式点拨】
当句子的主语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时,为了保持句子平衡,常使用it作形式主语,将真正的主语(从句)放在句子的后面。
【归纳拓展】
it用作形式主语的常见句式:
(1)It is/was+形容词+that+从句.
It’s natural/likely/strange that…
……是正常的/很可能的/奇怪的。
(2)It is/was+名词+for sb to do sth或that+从句或v.-ing.
It’s a pity/shame/an honour…for sb to do sth.
对某人而言,做某事是遗憾的/可耻的/荣幸的/……。
It’s a pity/shame/an honour…that sb does sth.
对某人而言,做某事是遗憾的/可耻的/荣幸的/……。
It is no use/no good/not much fun…+doing sth.
做某事无用/无益/无趣/……。
(3)It+不及物动词(短语)+that+从句.
It seems/happens/turns out that…
似乎/碰巧/结果……
(4)It is/was+过去分词+that+从句.
It’s said/well-known/reported that…
据说/众所周知/据报道……
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] With the rise of technology it is easy for people (make) observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application.
②[2023·全国乙卷] It is recently reported the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining…
③It was no use (cry) over spilled milk. She had to accept the consequences and move on.
◆完成句子
④[2024·天津卷应用文写作] As the next generation, and contribute towards a greener world.
作为下一代,采取行动为建设一个更加绿色的世界贡献力量是我们的责任。Period Two Reading and Thinking—Language points
●Ⅰ 单句填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分)
1.The company’s (commit) to reducing its carbon footprint has led to significant environmental improvements.
2.We looked up to the scientist as a shining example of devotion to the (science) cause.
3.With her luggage in her hands, the girl stood looking round in all directions, but (apparent) no one had come to meet her.
4.Being the coach of the new team, I had thought we were going to win, but to my disappointment we (defeat).
5.The data (analyse) shows that the new marketing strategy is working effectively.
6.Evidence (obtain)from observations and experiments is often used to confirm a scientific theory.
7.The (academy) atmosphere at the university was lively, with students actively engaging in various discussions and pursuing knowledge.
8.It is widely acknowledged that students should (evaluate) in terms of overall quality.
9.Good communication skills are (crucial) necessary when people are working in a team to avoid misunderstandings.
10.We can easily come to a (conclude) that the sharp decrease of wildlife species results from population growth.
●Ⅱ 短语填空(每小题2分,满分16分)
1.Remember to (确保) that all doors are locked before you leave.
2.As a matter of fact, it was his carelessness as well as laziness that (导致) his failure.
3.David (坚持) running as if he had forgotten his weakness, though he tripped over within a few kilometres.
4.She (卡壳,卡住)while writing her novel as she didn’t know how to develop the plot further.
5.It is a pity that scientists haven’t yet (得出结论) on the causes of this illness.
6. (目的是) promoting environmental awareness, our school organized a tree-planting campaign in the local community.
7.Teachers (在……中扮演重要角色) inspiring students’ interest in learning and helping them build a solid knowledge foundation.
8.He was so great a political leader that he (承诺,保证) serving the people all his life.
●Ⅲ 句型训练(每小题3分,满分12分)
1. , Mr Wang hurried out of his house, and drove all the way to the hospital.(upon/on doing)
一听到这个消息,王先生就急忙冲出了家门,一路开车去了医院。
2.The expression on his face suggested that , so I suggested that he .
他脸上的表情表明他很生气, 所以我建议让他单独待一会儿。
3.When I went downstairs, I had left the car key on the dinner table.(strike)
当我下楼时,我突然想到我把车钥匙落在餐桌上了。
4. when the day comes.(honour)
当那天到来时,带你参观北京对于我来说是莫大的荣幸。
●Ⅳ 阅读理解(每小题2.5分,满分10分)
[2025·浙江浙里特色联盟高二期中联考]
Compared with physicists such as Marie Curie or Richard Feynman, Wu Chien-shiung is not a household name in China but she was one of the most influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century, one that “completely” changed humans’ view of the universe.
Wu’s father, Wu Zhongyi, founded the first school for girls in Taicang, aiming to break the old idea that it was women’s virtue to have no talents, which had the greatest influence on Wu Chien-shiung’s life. Working in the scientific world dominated (支配) by men, she never gave up or lowered her standards even if unequally treated. After graduating from the former National Central University in Nanjing in 1934, Wu registered at the University of California, Berkeley at the age of 24 to continue her study in physics.
During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s pioneering achievements won her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”, “queen of nuclear research” and “first lady of physics”. She was the first woman to be president of American Physical Society, the first female winner of the Comstock Prize in Physics given by the US National Academy of Sciences, the first person to receive the Wolf Prize in Physics, the first honorary doctorate awarded by Princeton University to a woman, and the first female professor of physics in the history of Columbia University.
To get accurate results from experiments, she worked very hard day and night at a laboratory and gained a reputation (名声) for accuracy. There was a saying among physicists: If the experiment was done by Wu, it must be correct. She was always very careful in experiments, spending a great deal of time calibrating (校准) instruments. She didn’t start collecting data until she fully understood the instruments. Her experiments overturned many previous experimental results and theories, said Samuel Chao Chung Ting, American physicist and Nobel Prize winner.
On Feb. 16, 1997, Wu died in the US. According to her will, she was buried in her hometown Taicang. She was a distinguished world citizen, and was forever a Chinese.
( )1.What influenced Wu Chien-shiung when she was young
A.Her life in America.
B.Her love for physics.
C.Her family background.
D.Marie Curie’s achievements.
( )2.What does the author intend to show in Paragraph 3
A.Awards are usually gained through great efforts.
B.Wu Chien-shiung was “a pioneer” in many ways.
C.No scientists were better than Wu Chien-shiung.
D.We cannot stress the importance of physics enough.
( )3.Which of the following can best describe Wu Chien-shiung
A.Caring and responsible.
B.Courageous and creative.
C.Stubborn and sensitive.
D.Cautious and hard-working.
( )4.What is the text mainly about
A.An influential woman nuclear physicist.
B.An important contribution to physics.
C.The influence of modern education.
D.Nuclear researches in the scientific world.
●Ⅴ 完形填空(每小题1分,满分15分)
[2025·江西部分学校高二教学质量检测]
Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (纳米技术专家) and assistant professor at MIT.She is conducting her research on brain diseases that 1 the minds of millions of people worldwide.
Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early 2 . Her courage as a researcher comes from her 3 , who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by 4 to fund her own education. Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father 5 her interest in engineering. Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his 6 , fashioning devices to make home life more 7 , including an electricity-free washing machine. “That got me very 8 in science and technology,” Sarkar says.
After 9 a Bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar 10 California to study nanoelectronics. There, she tested new ways to 11 nanodevices that could reduce the amount of 12 consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. 13 , she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.
Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the 14 , which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains. “Our brains are 15 , but we could be better than what we are,” she says.
( )1.A.enrich B.read
C.affect D.poison
( )2.A.birds B.researchers
C.failures D.inspirations
( )3.A.aunt B.mother
C.sister D.grandmother
( )4.A.working B.pretending
C.refusing D.waiting
( )5.A.protected B.switched
C.stimulated D.supported
( )6.A.job B.holiday
C.discomfort D.passion
( )7.A.complex B.convenient
C.peaceful D.meaningful
( )8.A.interested B.honest
C.lucky D.disappointed
( )9.A.starting B.earning
C.needing D.introducing
( )10.A.adapted to B.related to
C.headed to D.belonged to
( )11.A.create B.fix
C.operate D.sell
( )12.A.water B.money
C.power D.time
( )13.A.Unfortunately B.Immediately
C.Obviously D.Eventually
( )14.A.computer B.brain
C.exercise D.fashion
( )15.A.empty B.busy
C.relaxed D.remarkable(共99张PPT)
Period Two
Reading and Thinking—
Language points
语言知识梳理
练习册
答案速查【导】
答案速查【练】
1.crucial adj. 至关重要的,关键性的
(1)be crucial to/for… 对……是至关重要的
play a crucial role/part in sth 在某方面起关键作用
be of crucial importance 非常重要
(2)It is crucial that… ……是至关重要的。(从句用
虚拟语气,should可以省略)
(3)crucially adv. 至关重要地
【佳句背诵】
［北师选必三］While some people believe it is crucial for
scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns. 尽管有些人
认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①It is crucial that strict measures __________________(take) to
protect forests and wildlife habitats to maintain ecological
balance.
(should) be taken
②_________(crucial), education is not just about acquiring
knowledge; it is also about cultivating character and values.
Crucially
◆完成句子
③［2024·浙江1月考应用文写作］As we navigate through our
busy school days, finding ways to stay fit and energized at
break ________________.
在我们度过忙碌的学校生活时，找到在课间休息时保持健康和充满
活力的方法变得至关重要。
becomes crucial
④［2022·全国甲卷书面表达］World Oceans Day was set up to
raise the awareness of protecting the ocean, _________________
_________________the global ecosystem.
世界海洋日的设立是为了提高人们对保护海洋的意识,海洋在全球
生态系统中起着至关重要的作用。
which plays a crucial part/role in
2.vital adj. 极其重要的,必不可少的
(1)be vital to/for… 对……是至关重要的
(2)It is vital that… ……是十分重要的。(从句用虚拟语气,should可以
省略)
(3)vitally adv. 极其,绝对
It is vitally important for sb to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是至关重要的。
【佳句背诵】
Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a
people and as a nation.
了解历史对于了解我们作为一个民族和一个国家至关重要。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The government had decided on a change in their policy
which _______(vital) affected the future of the country.
②It is vital that enough money ____________________(collect) to
fund the project.
vitally
(should) be collected
◆完成句子
③［2022·全国甲卷］Not only does the ocean offer us sufficient
food, but also it maintains the balance of nature. So,
___________________________________________________________
_______________________.(应用文写作之保护海洋)
海洋不仅给我们提供了充足的食物,而且还维持了自然的平衡。因此,
保护海洋对我们来说至关重要。
it is vital for us to protect the ocean/it is vitally important for us to protect the ocean
④Another is using more supportive words to encourage us to
talk, ________________________________increasing classroom
interaction.
另一点是用更多支持性的话语来鼓励我们交谈，这在增加课堂互动
方面起着至关重要的作用。
which plays a vital/crucial role in
3.committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的
(1)be committed to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事
(2)commit v. 做出(错误或非法的事); 犯(罪或错等);
承诺,保证
commit a crime 犯罪
commit an error 犯错误
commit oneself to (doing/do) sth 致力于/承诺/保证(做)某事
commit…to doing sth 投入……做某事
(3)commitment n. 投入；奉献；承诺；保证
make a commitment to (do) sth 承诺(做)某事
【佳句背诵】
(1)(教材P2)Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was
born in Ningbo, China…
屠呦呦出生于中国宁波,她是一位尽职尽责且有耐心的科学家……
(2)Both sides are committed to pushing forward this vitally
important relationship between our two countries.
双方都致力于推进我们两国间这一至关重要的关系。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①［2024·全国甲卷］These developments showcase not only
China's technological progress but also its commitment
____environmental sustainability.
to
②Although he has many challenges in his life, he remains
___________(commit) to his cause and never gives up.
committed
③Being committed to ___________(develop) the green economy,
as is reported, is the driving force behind the success of the
village.
developing
◆完成句子
④［2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写］With the help of their father,
the twins __________________________________________making a
delicious breakfast.
在父亲的帮助下,这对双胞胎致力于做一顿美味的早餐。
were committed to/committed themselves to
⑤She was _____________________, known for her integrity and
perseverance. No matter how difficult the challenges were, she
___________________________________________________her
scientific principles.(读后续写之人物品质描写)
她是一位尽职尽责的科学家，以正直和坚忍不拔而闻名。无论挑战
多么困难，她始终坚守自己的科学原则。
a committed scientist
always committed herself to/was always committed to
4.objective n. 目的,目标 adj. 客观的;宾格的
(1)with the objective of… 带着……的目标
achieve/meet an objective 达到目标
set an objective 确定目标
(2)object v. 不同意,反对
object to sth/sb 反对……
object to (sb) doing sth 不同意(某人)做某事
(3)objection n. 反对;异议
raise/have an objection to (doing) sth 对……提出异议/对……表示
反对
［温馨提示］同义表达“目的是……”：with the intention/aim/
purpose of; be aimed at。
【佳句背诵】
The school organized various extracurricular activities with the
objective of developing students' creativity and teamwork spirit.
学校组织了各种各样的课外活动，目的在于培养学生的创造力和团
队合作精神。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The main _________(object) of the project is to improve the
quality of education in rural areas.
②She tried to remain _________(object)when evaluating the
performance of her team members.
③Many residents object to _________(build) a new shopping
mall in their neighbourhood due to increased traffic.
objective
objective
building
◆完成句子/一句多译
④_______________________at the beginning of the new
semester is vitally important to your study. (应用文写作之建议信)
在新学期开始时设定一个明确的目标对你的学习至关重要。
Setting a clear objective
⑤为了丰富学生们的校园生活,我们学校于上周日举办了一场师生足
球友谊赛。(应用文写作之校园活动)
→_________________________________________________, our
school organised a friendly football match between students and
teachers last Sunday. (with the objective of)
→____________________________________,our school organised a
friendly football match between students and teachers last
Sunday.(aim to do)
With the objective of enriching students' school life
Aiming to enrich students' school life
5.evaluate vt. 评价;评估
(1)evaluate one's ability 评估某人的能力
evaluate sb/sth on… 根据……评价某人/某物
(2)evaluation n. 评估
make an evaluation of… 对……进行评估
【佳句背诵】
(教材P2)Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and
evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.
她的团队研读了2000多篇古老的医药文献,并对28万种植物的药学属
性进行了评估。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The teacher will evaluate students ____ their performance in
class, homework completion, and test scores.
②The ___________(evaluate) of the new software took several
weeks, as the team needed to test all its features.
on
evaluation
◆完成句子
③Some people think that we should ________________________
___________ while others believe that we should not only focus
on grades but also ____________________their creativity,
teamwork and communication skills.(应用文写作之观点对比)
一些人认为我们应该根据学生的成绩来评价他们，而另一些人则认
为我们不仅要关注成绩，还应该根据学生的创造力、团队合作能力
和沟通能力来评价他们。
evaluate students on their grades
evaluate students on
④When the teacher finally __________________________and gave
her a warm smile, her heart swelled with pride and relief
flooded over her.(读后续写之心理描写)
当老师最终对她的表现做出评价，并朝她露出温暖的微笑时，她的
心里充满了自豪，如释重负的感觉涌上心头。
evaluated her performance
6.obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在;流行
(1)obtain…from… 从……获取……
obtain advice/information/permission 得到忠告/信息/许可
(2)obtainable adj. 可获得的,可得到的
【佳句背诵】
(1)The money obtained from part-time jobs will strongly
support students to continue their study.
兼职工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的学习。
(2)The custom of giving gifts during festivals still obtains in
many parts of the country.
在节日期间送礼物的习俗在这个国家的很多地方仍然流行。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Knowledge that was once only ___________(obtain)through
extensive research in libraries is now just a few clicks away.
obtainable
②Working tirelessly, they analysed the samples _________(obtain)
from different locations, seeking answers to the mystery.
obtained
③［2024·浙江1月考］Follow-up studies with the children later in
life showed a connection between an ability to wait long
enough __________(obtain) a second treat and various forms of
success.
to obtain
◆完成句子
④_________________________________________the situation, I
would like to offer some suggestions for improvement.
(应用文写作之建议信)
在对情况有了更好的了解后，我想提出一些改进的建议。
Having obtained a better understanding of
⑤The training sessions are designed to ______________________
_________ necessary for career advancement, _________________
__________ with commitment and practice.(应用文写作之通知)
培训课程旨在帮助员工获得职业晋升所需的技能，这些技能通过投
入精力和练习是很容易获得的。
help employees obtain the skills
which are easily obtainable
7.acknowledge vt. 承认,公认;(公开)感谢
(1)acknowledge (doing) sth 承认(做了)某事
acknowledge sth/sb to be/as… 承认某事/某人是……
It is universally/generally acknowledged that ……是大家公认的。
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢
in acknowledgement of 以感谢……
【佳句背诵】
(1)It is acknowledged that the shortest distance between
persons is a sincere smile.
人们普遍认为人与人之间最短的距离是真诚的微笑。
(2)The company gave him a bonus in acknowledgement of his
outstanding contributions to the project.
公司给他发了一笔奖金，以感谢他对这个项目做出的杰出贡献。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①In the journey of life, an _________________(acknowledge)of
our shortcomings is the first step towards growth and self-
improvement.
acknowledgement
②The student acknowledged _________(cheat) on the exam
when faced with the evidence and was prepared to accept the
consequences.
cheating
③The book, ______________(acknowledge) as a classic of
modern literature, has been translated into many languages and
is widely read around the world.
acknowledged
◆完成句子
④［2022·全国甲卷书面表达］_______________________________
the ocean plays an important role in many aspects.
人们普遍认为海洋在很多方面都起着重要作用。
It's generally acknowledged that
⑤I sincerely _______________________________, with whose
support I have boosted my confidence in study.(应用文写作之人
物描写)
我衷心感谢我的英语老师,在他的支持下,我增强了学习的信心。
acknowledge my English teacher
8.insist vi. & vt. 坚持;坚决要求
insist on doing sth 坚持做某事
insist (that)…
坚决要求;坚决主张［从句用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”形式］
insist (that)… 坚持说;坚持认为(从句用陈述语气)
【佳句背诵】
(教材P3)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on
testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was
safe.
屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要求以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①You should respect the views of others, and at the same time
insist ____what you think is right.
②My mother insisted that the video ___________________(post)
online, so I had to give in to her.
③The lady insisted that she __________(do)nothing wrong and
that she ___________________(treat) properly.
on
(should) be posted
had done
(should) be treated
◆完成句子/一句多译
④［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写］I thanked him once more for his
incredible kindness and ________________________to return the
favour.
我再次为他那令人难以置信的善意向他表示感谢，并坚持要与他见
面以回报他的恩情。
insisted on meeting him
⑤［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写］虽然他让我不要麻烦了，但我坚持
我们在公交车站见面，并给他他应得的东西。
→While he asked me not to bother it, ______________________
_______________________________________ what he deserved.
(insist on)
→While he asked me not to bother it, ______________________
_____________________________________________________ what
he deserved.(insist从句)
I insisted on our meeting at the bus station and giving him
I insisted (that) we (should) meet at the bus station and I (should) give him
1.(教材P3)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the
Nobel Prize, she said…
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说……
句型公式
upon/on+v.-ing/n. 一……就……
【句式点拨】
upon/on+v.-ing/n. 表示“一……就……”,相当于as soon as引导的时
间状语从句。一些表示短暂性动作的动词,如arrive, return, leave,
reach, hear, see, receive, enter等,其相应的名词或动名词形式均可
用在介词on/upon之后表示“一……就……”。
【归纳拓展】
表示“一……就……”的表达方式:
(1)as soon as, no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely… when…等;
(2)副词用作连词:immediately, directly, instantly等;
(3)名词用作连词:the minute, the moment, the instant等;
(4)at引导的一些介词短语,如at the sight of(一看到),at the thought
of(一想到),at the sound of(一听到)等。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①［2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷］Upon ________(hear) my words, he
was inspired instantly and decided to run.
②［2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷］Mother hugged the twins. Her eyes
widened ___the sight of the breakfast tray.
③Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning ______ we
realized we had forgotten our map in the room.
hearing
at
when
◆完成句子/一句多译
④He felt a rush of happiness __________________ going on an
adventure to a new place. (读后续写之心理描写)
一想到要去一个新的地方冒险，他感到一阵幸福。
at the thought of
⑤［2022·浙江1月考读后续写］当我看到他无助地躺在床上时,我决
定我必须独自行动,尽我最大的努力。
→____________________________________________,I decided I
had to act alone and do my best. (the moment)
→______________________________________,I decided I had to
act alone and do my best. (upon doing)
→___________________________________________,I decided I
had to act alone and do my best. (immediately)
The moment I saw him lying helplessly in bed
Upon seeing him lying helplessly in bed
Immediately I saw him lying helplessly in bed
2.(教材P3)It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research
and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
中国的科研和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。
句型公式
It is an honour for sb to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是一种荣誉。
【句式点拨】
当句子的主语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时,为了保持句子平衡,常
使用it作形式主语,将真正的主语(从句)放在句子的后面。
【归纳拓展】
it用作形式主语的常见句式:
(1)It is/was+形容词+that+从句.
It's natural/likely/strange that…
……是正常的/很可能的/奇怪的。
(2)It is/was+名词+for sb to do sth或that+从句或v.-ing.
It's a pity/shame/an honour…for sb to do sth.
对某人而言,做某事是遗憾的/可耻的/荣幸的/……。
It's a pity/shame/an honour…that sb does sth.
对某人而言,做某事是遗憾的/可耻的/荣幸的/……。
It is no use/no good/not much fun…+doing sth.
做某事无用/无益/无趣/……。
(3)It+不及物动词(短语)+that+从句.
It seems/happens/turns out that…
似乎/碰巧/结果……
(4)It is/was+过去分词+that+从句.
It's said/well-known/reported that…
据说/众所周知/据报道……
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷］With the rise of technology it is easy for
people _________(make) observations of different species with
the aid of a mobile application.
to make
②［2023·全国乙卷］It is recently reported _____the number of
those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining…
③It was no use _______(cry) over spilled milk. She had to
accept the consequences and move on.
that
crying
◆完成句子
④［2024·天津卷应用文写作］As the next generation,
___________________________and contribute towards a greener
world.
作为下一代，采取行动为建设一个更加绿色的世界贡献力量是我们
的责任。
it is our duty to take action
练 习 册
Ⅰ单句填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1.The company's _____________ (commit) to reducing its carbon
footprint has led to significant environmental improvements.
commitment
2.We looked up to the scientist as a shining example of
devotion to the _________ (science) cause.
scientific
3.With her luggage in her hands, the girl stood looking round
in all directions, but ___________ (apparent) no one had come
to meet her.
apparently
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.Being the coach of the new team, I had thought we were
going to win, but to my disappointment we ______________
(defeat).
were defeated
5.The data ________ (analyse) shows that the new marketing
strategy is working effectively.
analysis
6.Evidence _________ (obtain)from observations and experiments
is often used to confirm a scientific theory.
obtained
7.The __________ (academy) atmosphere at the university was
lively, with students actively engaging in various discussions and
pursuing knowledge.
academic
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.It is widely acknowledged that students should _____________
(evaluate) in terms of overall quality.
be evaluated
9.Good communication skills are _________ (crucial) necessary
when people are working in a team to avoid misunderstandings.
crucially
10.We can easily come to a ___________ (conclude) that the
sharp decrease of wildlife species results from population growth.
conclusion
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ短语填空(每小题2分，满分16分)
1.Remember to ___________ (确保) that all doors are locked
before you leave.
make sure
2.As a matter of fact, it was his carelessness as well as laziness
that _______ (导致) his failure.
led to
3.David ___________ (坚持) running as if he had forgotten his
weakness, though he tripped over within a few kilometres.
insisted on
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4.She __________ (卡壳，卡住)while writing her novel as she
didn't know how to develop the plot further.
got stuck
5.It is a pity that scientists haven't yet _______________________
_______________________ (得出结论) on the causes of this
illness.
reached/drawn/arrived at/come to a conclusion
6._____________________ (目的是) promoting environmental
awareness, our school organized a tree-planting campaign in the
local community.
With the objective of
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
7.Teachers _________________________________ (在……中扮演重
要角色) inspiring students' interest in learning and helping them
build a solid knowledge foundation.
play a crucial/an important role in
8.He was so great a political leader that he __________________
___ (承诺,保证) serving the people all his life.
committed himself to
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅲ句型训练(每小题3分，满分12分)
1.__________________________, Mr Wang hurried out of his
house, and drove all the way to the hospital.(upon/on doing)
一听到这个消息,王先生就急忙冲出了家门,一路开车去了医院。
Upon/On hearing the news
2.The expression on his face suggested that __________________,
so I suggested that he ________________________________.
他脸上的表情表明他很生气, 所以我建议让他单独待一会儿。
he was very angry
(should) be left alone for a while
1
2
3
4
4._________________________________________________________
when the day comes.(honour)
当那天到来时,带你参观北京对于我来说是莫大的荣幸。
It will be a great honour for me to show you around Beijing
1
2
4
3.When I went downstairs， ___________________________ I had
left the car key on the dinner table.(strike)
当我下楼时,我突然想到我把车钥匙落在餐桌上了。
it (suddenly) struck me that
3
Ⅳ阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分10分)
［2025·浙江浙里特色联盟高二期中联考］
Compared with physicists such as Marie Curie or Richard
Feynman, Wu Chien-shiung is not a household name in China
but she was one of the most influential nuclear physicists of the
20th century, one that “completely” changed humans' view of
the universe.
1
2
3
4
Wu's father, Wu Zhongyi, founded the first school for girls
in Taicang, aiming to break the old idea that it was women's
virtue to have no talents, which had the greatest influence on
Wu Chien-shiung's life. Working in the scientific world
dominated (支配) by men, she never gave up or lowered her
standards even if unequally treated. After graduating from the
former National Central University in Nanjing in 1934, Wu
registered at the University of California, Berkeley at the age of
24 to continue her study in physics.
1
2
3
4
During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu's
pioneering achievements won her nicknames such as “Chinese
Madame Curie”, “queen of nuclear research” and “first lady of
physics”. She was the first woman to be president of American
Physical Society, the first female winner of the Comstock Prize in
Physics given by the US National Academy of Sciences, the first
person to receive the Wolf Prize in Physics, the first honorary
doctorate awarded by Princeton University to a woman, and the
first female professor of physics in the history of Columbia
University.
1
2
3
4
To get accurate results from experiments, she worked very
hard day and night at a laboratory and gained a reputation
(名声) for accuracy. There was a saying among physicists: If the
experiment was done by Wu, it must be correct. She was
always very careful in experiments, spending a great deal of
time calibrating (校准) instruments. She didn't start collecting
data until she fully understood the instruments. Her experiments
overturned many previous experimental results and theories, said
Samuel Chao Chung Ting, American physicist and Nobel Prize
winner.
1
2
3
4
On Feb. 16, 1997, Wu died in the US. According to her will,
she was buried in her hometown Taicang. She was a
distinguished world citizen, and was forever a Chinese.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了有影响力的20世纪的女性
核物理学家吴健雄的生平事迹。
1
2
3
4
( )1.What influenced Wu Chien-shiung when she was young
A.Her life in America. B.Her love for physics.
C.Her family background. D.Marie Curie's achievements.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wu's father, Wu Zhongyi,
founded the first school for girls in Taicang, aiming to break the
old idea that it was women's virtue to have no talents, which
had the greatest influence on Wu Chien-shiung's life.”
(吴健雄的父亲吴仲裔在太仓创办了第一所女子学校，旨在打破“女子
无才便是德”的旧观念，这对吴健雄的一生影响最大。)可知，吴健雄
的家庭背景对她有深远的影响。故选C。
√
1
2
3
4
( )2.What does the author intend to show in Paragraph 3
A.Awards are usually gained through great efforts.
B.Wu Chien-shiung was “a pioneer” in many ways.
C.No scientists were better than Wu Chien-shiung.
D.We cannot stress the importance of physics enough.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段“During her 44-year career as a
nuclear physicist, Wu's pioneering achievements won her
nicknames such as ‘Chinese Madame Curie’, ‘queen of nuclear
research’ and ‘first lady of physics’.
√
1
2
3
4
She was the first woman to be president of American Physical
Society, the first female winner of the Comstock Prize in Physics
given by the US National Academy of Sciences, the first person
to receive the Wolf Prize in Physics, the first honorary doctorate
awarded by Princeton University to a woman, and the first
female professor of physics in the history of Columbia
University.”(在她44年的核物理学家生涯中，吴的开创性成就为她赢
得了“中国居里夫人”、“核研究女王”和“物理学第一夫人”等称号。她
是第一位担任美国物理学会会长的女性，第一位获得美国国家科学
1
2
3
4
院颁发的科姆斯托克物理学奖的女性，第一位获得沃尔夫物理学奖
的人，第一位获得普林斯顿大学荣誉博士学位的女性，也是哥伦比
亚大学历史上第一位女性物理学教授。)可知，作者通过本段旨在说
明吴健雄在许多方面都是“先锋”。故选B。
1
2
3
4
( )3.Which of the following can best describe Wu Chien-
shiung
A.Caring and responsible. B.Courageous and creative.
C.Stubborn and sensitive. D.Cautious and hard-working.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段中“To get accurate results from
experiments, she worked very hard day and night at a
laboratory and gained a reputation (名声) for accuracy.”
(为了得到准确的实验结果，她在实验室里夜以继日地努力工作，并
以准确著称。)可知，吴健雄是一个勤奋的人；再根据“She was
always very careful in experiments, spending a great deal of
time calibrating (校准) instruments.”(她做实验总是很细心，花很多
时间校准仪器。)可知，她是一个小心谨慎的人。综上，吴健雄是一
个谨慎且勤奋的人。故选D。
1
2
3
4
( )4.What is the text mainly about
A.An influential woman nuclear physicist.
B.An important contribution to physics.
C.The influence of modern education.
D.Nuclear researches in the scientific world.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Compared with physicists such as
Marie Curie or Richard Feynman, Wu Chien-shiung is not a
household name in China but she was one of the most
influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century, one that
‘completely’ changed humans' view of the universe.”以及整篇文
章可知，本文讲述的是有影响力的20世纪的女性核物理学家吴健雄
的生平事迹。故选A。
1
2
3
4
Ⅴ完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
［2025·江西部分学校高二教学质量检测］
Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (纳米技术专家) and assistant
professor at MIT.She is conducting her research on brain
diseases that . .1. . the minds of millions of people worldwide.
Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as
early . .2. .. Her courage as a researcher comes from her . .3. .,
who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her
village by . .4. . to fund her own education.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Meanwhile, Sarkar's father . .5. . her interest in engineering. Sarkar
recalls her father finding time for his . .6. ., fashioning devices to
make home life more . .7. ., including an electricity-free washing
machine. “That got me very . .8. . in science and technology,”
Sarkar says.
After . .9. . a Bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from
the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar . .10. .
California to study nanoelectronics. There, she tested new ways
to . .11. . nanodevices that could reduce the amount of . .12. .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. . .13. .,
she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.
Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the . .14. .,
which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put
nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the
computing speed of the processor in our brains. “Our brains
are . .15. ., but we could be better than what we are,” she says.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了纳米技术专家萨卡尔
的成长经历以及她所取得的成就。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )1.A.enrich B.read C.affect D.poison
[解析] 根据常识和下文“She hopes to put nanodevices between
human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of
the processor in our brains.”可知，她希望把纳米装置放在人类神
经元之间，以提高我们大脑处理器的计算速度，由此可推断，她正
在进行“影响”全世界数百万人思维的大脑疾病研究。故选C项。
enrich使丰富； read阅读；affect影响； poison毒害。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )2.A.birds B.researchers C.failures D.inspirations
[解析] 根据下文可知，此处指的是她认为她早年的“灵感”源自父母。
故选D项。credit…as…意思是 “把……视为……；认为……是……”。
bird鸟；researcher研究者； failure失败的人(或事物)； inspiration
灵感来源。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )3.A.aunt B.mother
C.sister D.grandmother
[解析] 根据上文“Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her
parents as early…”以及下文“…who as a young woman went
against social norms (常态) in her village by…to fund her own
education.”可知，此处指的是她作为研究人员的勇气来自她的“母亲”。
故选B项。aunt姑妈；mother母亲；sister姐妹； grandmother祖母。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )4.A.working B.pretending C.refusing D.waiting
[解析] 根据下文“…to fund her own education.”可知，母亲努力工
作为她获取教育基金。故选A项。 work工作； pretend假装；
refuse拒绝；wait等待。
( )5.A.protected B.switched C.stimulated D.supported
[解析] 根据上文“Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her
parents as early…”可知，此处指她的父亲“激发”了她对工程学的兴
趣。故选C项。protect保护；switch改变，转变； stimulate刺激；
support支持。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )6.A.job B.holiday C.discomfort D.passion
[解析] 根据后文“…fashioning devices to make home life
more…including an electricity-free washing machine.”可知，做这
些设备是父亲自己“热爱”的事。故选D项。 job工作； holiday假期；
discomfort不适； passion酷爱，激情。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )7.A.complex B.convenient C.peaceful D.meaningful
[解析] 根据下文“…including an electricity-free washing machine.”
可知，父亲做了很多设备，包括一台不用电的洗衣机，由此可推断，
此处指的是能使家庭生活更“便利”的设备。故选B项。 complex复杂
的； convenient方便的； peaceful平静的； meaningful有意义的。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )8.A.interested B.honest
C.lucky D.disappointed
[解析] 根据上文“Meanwhile, Sarkar's father…her interest in
engineering.”可知，父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣，此处指的是“感
兴趣的”。故选A项。 interested感兴趣的； honest诚实的；lucky幸
运的； disappointed失望的。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )9.A.starting B.earning C.needing D.introducing
[解析] 根据常识和下文“…Sarkar…California to study
nanoelectronics.”可知，萨卡尔应该是从印度理工学院“获得”电气工
程学士学位后去了加州学习纳米电子学。故选B项。 start开始；
earn获得； need需要；introduce介绍。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )10.A.adapted to B.related to
C.headed to D.belonged to
[解析] 根据上文“After…a Bachelor's degree in electrical
engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad…”
以及下文“…California to study nanoelectronics.”可知，萨卡尔在印
度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后，“前往”加州学习纳米电子学。
故选C项。adapt to适应；relate to与……相关； head to朝……前
进；belong to属于。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )11.A.create B.fix C.operate D.sell
[解析] 根据上文“There, she tested new ways…”可知，萨卡尔在加
州测试新方法，由此可推断，此处应为“制造”纳米器具。故选A项。
create创造； fix修理； operate操作； sell售卖。
( )12.A.water B.money C.power D.time
[解析] 根据常识和下文“…consumed by computers and other
everyday electronics.”可知，电脑和其他的电子产品应该是耗电的，
此处指的是制造出可以减少计算机和其他日常电子产品消耗的“电”量
的纳米器具。故选C项。 water水； money金钱； power电； time
时间。
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( )13.A.Unfortunately B.Immediately
C.Obviously D.Eventually
[解析] 根据语境以及下文“…she made a breakthrough by
developing a standout nanodevice.”可知，她开发了一种出色的纳
米器具，取得了突破，由此可知，此处应是经过不懈努力后，“最终”
取得突破。故选D项。 unfortunately不幸地；immediately立刻；
obviously显而易见地； eventually最终。
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( )14.A.computer B.brain C.exercise D.fashion
[解析] 根据下文“She hopes to put nanodevices between human
neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the
processor in our brains.”可知，她希望把纳米装置放在人类神经元
之间，以提高我们大脑处理器的计算速度，根据空后的“…which
she calls ‘the lowest energy computer’.”可知，被称为“最低能量的
计算机”应该是大脑，所以此处指的是她开始对“大脑”感兴趣。故选B
项。 computer电脑；brain大脑；exercise练习； fashion时尚。
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( )15.A.empty B.busy C.relaxed D.remarkable
[解析] 根据常识和下文“…but we could be better than what we
are…”可知，我们可以比我们现在做得更好，由此可知，我们的大脑
应是“非凡的”。故选D项。empty空的；busy忙的； relaxed放松的；
remarkable非凡的。
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Unit 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Period Two Reading and Thinking—Language points
导学案
语言知识梳理
词汇点睛
1.①（should） be taken ②Crucially ③becomes crucial
④which plays a crucial part/role in
2.①vitally ②（should） be collected
③it is vital for us to protect the ocean/it is vitally important
for us to protect the ocean ④which plays a vital/crucial
role in
3.①to ②committed ③developing
④were committed to/committed themselves to ⑤a
committed scientist;always committed herself to/was always
committed to
4.①objective ②objective ③building
④Setting a clear objective ⑤With the objective of enriching
students' school life;Aiming to enrich students' school life
5.①on ②evaluation
③evaluate students on their grades;evaluate students on
④evaluated her performance
6.①obtainable ②obtained ③to obtain
④Having obtained a better understanding of ⑤help
employees obtain the skills;which are easily obtainable
7.①acknowledgement ②cheating ③acknowledged
④It's generally acknowledged that ⑤acknowledge my
English teacher
8.①on ②（should） be posted ③had done;（should） be
treated
④insisted on meeting him ⑤I insisted on our meeting at
the bus station and giving him;I insisted （that） we
（should） meet at the bus station and I （should） give
him
句型透视
1.①hearing ②at ③when
④at the thought of ⑤The moment I saw him lying
helplessly in bed;Upon seeing him lying helplessly in
bed;Immediately I saw him lying helplessly in bed
2.①to make ②that ③crying
④it is our duty to take action
练习册
Ⅰ1.commitment 2.scientific 3.apparently 4.were
defeated 5.analysis 6.obtained 7.academic 8.be
evaluated 9.crucially 10.conclusion
Ⅱ1.make sure 2.led to 3.insisted on 4.got stuck
5.reached/drawn/arrived at/come to a conclusion
6.With the objective of 7.play a crucial/an important role in
8.committed himself to
Ⅲ1.Upon/On hearing the news
2.he was very angry,（should） be left alone for a while
3.it （suddenly） struck me that
4.It will be a great honour for me to show you around
Beijing
Ⅳ1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A
Ⅴ1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.A
12.C 13.D 14.B 15.D
