Period Four Using Language
【课前自主探究】
Task 1: Fast Reading
●Ⅰ time
●Ⅱ 1.contributions 2.achievements 3.appearance 4.death
Task 2: Careful Reading
1—4 BDAC
Task 3: Micro-writing
1.the 2.contributions 3.being 4.courageous
5.entered 6.was awarded 7.to flee 8.eventually
9.who 10.away
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.①foundation ②founded ③was founded ④that laid/built up a solid foundation for ⑤was founded; Founded in 1764 by French traders
2.①for ②passionate ③have a passion for ④our passion for promoting traditional Chinese culture
3.①to tell ②in ③powerful ④powered ⑤doing everything in her power
4.①consequently ②consequences ③in ④as a consequence/in consequence/consequently ⑤As a consequence of your kind assistance
5.①占据 ②开始学习 ③继续 ④拿起 ⑤will take on a brand new look ⑥ take up the position as
6.①with ②Encountering ③you might encounter
④worrying about what problems David might encounter
7.①a ②summing ③summary ④earned a sum of money
句型透视
1.①taken ②travelling ③when (it is) necessary ④visiting the art exhibition ⑤(he was) warned of the danger
2.①had learnt ②were ③whispering ④as though/if I weren’t there ⑤as if he would say something to me/as if to say something to mePeriod Four Using Language
Ⅰ.1.flows 2.inferred 3.politician 4.encountered
5.professor 6.numerous
Ⅱ.1.fled 2.consequence 3.novelist 4.remarkable
5.founded 6.inference 7.drafted 8.passionate
9.gradually 10.gently
Ⅲ.1.had a passion for 2.take up a position 3.summed up
4.as a consequence/in consequence/as a result 5.wear and tear 6.came to power 7.had passed away 8.Under/In the circumstances
Ⅳ.1.Not only did he display his courage
2.as though it had just happened
3.studying in college
4.find many treasures exhibited/displayed/shown
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项使用重编程干细胞治疗1型糖尿病的研究,以及这种治疗方法的潜在优势。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“‘I can eat sugar now,’ said the woman, who lives in Tianjin, on a call with Nature.”和文章第二段“They’ve greatly improved the health of the patient, who was requiring substantial amounts of insulin beforehand.”可知,移植手术改善了这位女士的病情。故选B项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The studies are among a handful of pioneering trials using stem cells to treat diabetes, which affects close to half a billion people worldwide. Most of them have type 2 diabetes, in which the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or its ability to use the hormone decreases. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks islet cells in the pancreas (胰腺).”(这些研究是少数使用干细胞治疗糖尿病的开创性试验之一,糖尿病在全球影响着近5亿人。其中大多数人患有2型糖尿病,即身体无法产生足够的胰岛素或利用激素的能力下降。而在1型糖尿病中,免疫系统会攻击胰腺中的胰岛细胞。)可知,第四段的写作目的是强调干细胞移植的必要性。故选C项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Islet transplants can treat the disease, but there aren’t enough donors to meet the growing demand, and receivers must use anti-rejection medicines to prevent the body from rejecting the donor tissue.”(胰岛移植可以治疗这种疾病,但供体不足以满足日益增长的需求,受体必须使用抗排斥药物来防止身体排斥供体组织。)可知,作者提到“供体”和“受体”是为了解释胰岛移植的缺点,即供体不足和受体必须使用抗排斥药物。故选B项。
4.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“By using tissue made from a person’s own cells, researchers also hope to avoid the need for anti-rejection medicines.”可知,干细胞从病人自己的体内取出是为了防止移植排斥。故选D项。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,通过讲述Cesare建造核聚变反应堆的经历,展现了他对自己兴趣爱好的执著追求以及在面对困难时坚持不懈、积极寻求解决办法的精神品质。
1.C 根据下文“…building a working nuclear fusion reactor(核聚变反应堆).”可知,建造了一个正在运作的核聚变反应堆是他的成就。故选C项。solution解决方案; agreement协议; achievement成就; task任务。
2.B 根据下文 a new job there可知,他的父亲获得了一份新工作。故选B项。 create创建; land获得;require需要; refuse拒绝。
3.A 根据下文 an interest in electronics可知,此处是指Cesare对电子学产生了兴趣。develop an interest in表示“对……产生兴趣”。故选A项。 develop发展,产生; quit退出; adjust调整; share分享。
4.D 根据上文“…after seeing a video about someone building a fusion reactor, Cesare was…”及下文 to build one可知,看到关于有人建造核聚变反应堆的视频后,Cesare受到鼓舞也想去建造一个,be inspired to do sth表示“受到鼓舞去做某事”。故选D项。 invite邀请; allow允许; teach教授; inspire启发。
5.A 根据下文“Cesare didn’t give up.”及“…he tried his best to persuade his teachers.”可知,学校一开始并没有理睬他的想法。故选A项。 ignore忽略,不理会; check检查; challenge质疑; improve改进。
6.A 根据上文“Cesare didn’t give up.”及下文“…he tried his best to persuade his teachers.”可知,他没有放弃,相反,他尽力去说服老师。故选A项。 instead相反;therefore因此;still仍然; otherwise否则。
7.D 根据下文“…after a complete safety review, and with an extra advisor offering to help out, the school gave in.”可知,经过彻底的安全审查,并且有一位顾问愿意帮忙,最后学校让步了。故选D项。by all means无论如何;on purpose故意;after all毕竟;in the end最后。
8.B 根据上文“…regular classes weren’t giving him enough…”及下文to build a fusion reactor以及“So he spent countless hours doing research…”可知,常规课程没有关于建造核聚变反应堆的知识。故选B项。 attention注意; knowledge知识; time时间; freedom自由。
9.B 根据上文“So he spent countless hours doing research…”及下文“…information on the Internet, and watching videos.”可知,他花了无数个小时做研究、在网上收集信息、看视频。故选B项。 spread传播; collect收集;forecast预测; correct纠正。
10.C 根据上文“We’re living in an age when almost everything is…”及下文online可知,此处是指几乎所有东西都能在网上获得。故选C项。suitable适合的; safe安全的; available可获得的; impressive令人印象深刻的。
11.D 根据上文“When he faced a problem, he would read, watch 10 or 15 videos, and then try to…”可知,当他遇到问题时,他会尝试解决。故选D项。consider考虑;identify识别; record记录; fix解决。
12.D 根据下文from scientists with more experience可知,他加入网站是为了从更有经验的科学家那里获得建议。故选D项。 payment付款;protection保护; praise赞美; advice建议。
13.C 根据上文“As a result of Cesare’s continuous effort, at the very end of the school year last June, the reactor…”可知,经过Cesare的努力,反应堆完成了。故选C项。 replace替换;discover发现; complete完成;distinguish区分。
14.C 根据上文“For him, it wasn’t…”及下文“…about the reactor. It was also about learning by doing, and about…”可知,这不仅仅是关于反应堆的事,还关乎边做边学以及其他的事情。故选C项。 actually实际上;hardly几乎不;simply仅仅; usually通常。
15.B 根据上文“It was also about learning by doing, and about…”及下文“…with other people doing similar things.”可知,这里指和其他做类似事情的人建立联系。connect with表示“与……建立联系”,故选B项。argue争论; connect连接,把……联系起来; compete竞争; live生活。Period Four Using Language
Task 1: Fast Reading
●Ⅰ The text is developed in the order of .
●Ⅱ Text Structure Analysing
Task 2: Careful Reading
( )1.What did Einstein do in 1905
A.He took a job in the Swiss patent office.
B.He published four extraordinary papers.
C.He quit his job and entered research full-time at a university.
D.He took a job at a university.
( )2.What caused Einstein to win the Nobel Prize in 1922
A.The general theory of relativity.
B.The formula E=mc2.
C.His four physics papers.
D.His explanation of the photoelectric effect.
( )3.Why did Einstein leave Germany
A.To avoid being caught by Hitler.
B.To work in an American university.
C.To attend an important meeting in America.
D.To meet one of the most famous scientists.
( )4.Why did the writer give the example of a little girl
A.To show Einstein was a great scientist.
B.To show Einstein was a humorous person.
C.To show Einstein was a friendly person.
D.To show Einstein didn’t care about fame.
Task 3: Micro-writing
Albert Einstein, perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of 1. smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous 2. (contribute) to the world, the most well-known 3. (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. He was not only a genius, but also a 4. (courage) and kind person.
Einstein was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. He 5. (enter) university in 1896 and graduated in 1900. In 1905, he earned a doctorate in physics and published four extraordinary physics papers. In 1922, he 6. (award) the Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. In 1933, he was forced 7. (flee) Germany and 8. (eventual) took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA.
Although Einstein was a genius, he sometimes forgot things. He was loved by his friends and neighbours. He even made friends with a little girl, 9. asked for help with her homework.
In 1955, Einstein passed 10. . The whole world mourned the great loss of the scientist. Till now, Einstein is remembered and respected by the public.
1.found vt.创建; 建立
(1)found…on/upon…(=base…on…)
把……基于……之上,
把……建立在……之上
be founded on/upon…(=be based on…)
建立在……之上;以……为基础/根据
(2)foundation n. 基础;基金会;建立
build up/lay a solid foundation for…
为……奠定坚实的基础
【佳句背诵】
True friendship is founded on trust, respect, and mutual understanding.真正的友谊建立在信任、尊重和相互理解的基础上。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2022·全国甲卷] We’ve got a (found) built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country.
②The town, (found) by English settlers in 1790, has been transformed into a large city.
③The company (found) in the early 1900s and has since grown into a global leader in its field.
◆完成句子/句式改写
④It was four years’ college life his work.
正是四年的大学生活为他的工作打下了坚实的基础。
⑤St. Louis in 1764 by French traders, and today it is the fifteenth largest urban area in the United States.
→ ,
St. Louis today is the fifteenth largest urban area in the United States.(用过去分词作状语改写)
圣路易斯由法国商人于1764年建立,如今是美国第十五大城市。
2.passion n. 酷爱;激情;热爱
(1)have a passion for 酷爱……,喜爱……
(2)passionate adj. 热情的;怒不可遏的;狂热的
be passionate about… 对……充满热情【佳句背诵】
(教材P8)While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
在那里工作期间,出于强烈的求知欲,他继续学习,于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion making the great outdoors accessible to all.
②She is (passion) about painting, spending hours every day perfecting her art.
◆完成句子
③[2023·天津卷应用文写作] As a Chinese, I making Chinese cuisine, for example dumplings.
作为一个中国人,我热衷于做中国美食,比如饺子。
④The activity not only offered us students an opportunity to get exposed to the local art, but also stimulated . (应用文写作之活动感受)
这次活动不仅让我们学生有机会接触到当地的艺术,也激发了我们弘扬中国传统文化的热情。
3.come to power 上台;(开始)掌权
(1)(be) in power 执政;当权
beyond one’s power(=out of one’s power)
是某人力所不能及的
do all/everything in one’s power to do sth
尽某人所能做某事
(2)power n. 权力;影响力;力量;动力
vt. 为……提供动力;驱动
powerful adj. 有力量的,强大的;有权势的,有影响力的[温馨提示] come to/into power 表动作, 为非延续性动词短语, 不能与一段时间连用; 延续性动词短语形式应用be in power“执政, 在位”(表状态)。
【佳句背诵】
(教材P8)Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany.
1933年,希特勒在德国上台执政后,形势发生了变化。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·北京卷] I could tell they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power (tell) a funny story.
②The party has been power for many years, and it has showed its strengths in dealing with important issues.
③[2024·浙江1月考] She felt energetic, refreshed and (power) and believed she could overcome any obstacle in her life, including her poor sense of direction.
④The train raced along the tracks, (power) by electricity, carrying passengers on a journey of discovery.
◆完成句子
⑤Looking back on what she had done, she realized that was not only about achieving a goal but also about growing as a person.(读后续写之成长经历)
回顾自己所做的一切,她意识到尽自己所能不仅仅是为了实现一个目标,也是为了个人的成长。
4.consequence n. 结果; 后果; 影响
(1)as a consequence(=in consequence/as a result) 结果,因此
as a consequence of (=in consequence of/as a result of) 因为……;由于……
take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth)
承担(某事的)后果
(2)consequent adj. 作为结果的;随之而来的
(3)consequently adv. 结果,因此【佳句背诵】
It is as a consequence of (=in consequence of/as a result of) man’s activities that many species have died out.
正是由于人类的活动,许多物种已经灭绝了。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The flight was delayed because of fog, and (consequent), he didn’t make it to his best friend’s wedding in time.
②Whether big or small, what all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific (consequence).
③His death was totally unexpected and, consequence, no plans had been made for his replacement.
◆完成句子
④[2021·北京卷应用文写作] My grandfather was under treatment in hospital, and , I have to take care of him.
我祖父在医院接受治疗,因此我不得不照顾他。
⑤ ,
I was able to overcome the difficulties in my study smoothly and achieved good results in the recent exam.(应用文写作之感谢信)
因为您的热心帮助,我得以顺利克服学习上的困难,并在最近的考试中取得了好成绩。
5.take up a position 担任;任职
take up 继续;开始从事(一项新的工作)或开始承担(一项新的责任);占据(空间、位置);接受(建议或挑战);开始学习;拿起
take on 雇用;呈现
take over 接管
take off 脱掉;起飞;休假;突然成功
take in 收留;容纳;理解;欺骗
take down 拆掉;写下
take back 收回(所说的话)【佳句背诵】
(教材P8)After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA.
在欧洲度过一段时间后,他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院谋得研究员一职。
【活学活用】
◆一词多义
①Sometimes, the smallest things take up the most room in your heart.
②When did you take up Japanese as a second foreign language
③Harry took up the tale at the point where John had left off.
④I took up the telephone receiver only to dial a wrong number.
◆完成句子
⑤Once everyone accommodates to low-carbon lifestyle, our campus .一旦每个人都适应低碳的生活方式,我们的校园将会呈现出崭新的面貌。
⑥If I can president of the Student Union, I will do everything in my power to create more colourful school activities for students. (应用文写作之申请信)
如果我能担任学生会主席一职,我将尽全力为学生创造更加丰富多彩的校园活动。
6.encounter vt. 偶然碰到;遇到 n. 邂逅;遭遇
(1)encounter sb/sth 偶然遇见……
encounter problems/difficulties 遇到问题/困难
(2)an encounter with sb/sth 与……的相遇/邂逅/冲突[温馨提示] 表示“偶遇,遇见”的同义词有:bump into, come across, run into, meet with。
【佳句背诵】
(教材P8) In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things.
事实上,爱因斯坦经常遇到当街拦住他并请他帮忙解释各种事情的人。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters species in areas nearby.
② (encounter) difficulties in life doesn’t mean you should give up. Instead, it’s a chance to grow stronger.
◆完成句子
③[外研选必四] So, whatever twists and turns , take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.
因此,不管你可能会遇到怎样的坎坷和曲折,都应以这两位作者为榜样,做好应对意外的准备。
④[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] I waited anxiously at the finishing line, and whether he could overcome them. (读后续写之情感描写)
我在终点线上焦急地等待着,担心大卫可能会遇到什么问题,以及他能否克服这些问题。
7.sum vi.总结;概括 n. 金额;款项;总数;总和
(1)a sum of 一笔……
in sum 总之;总而言之
(2)sum up (=give a summary of)
总结;概括
to sum up (=in summary=to summarize)
总之;概括地说
(3)summary n. 总结;概括;概要
(4)summarize v. 总结,概述[温馨提示] “总之”的表达法还有:in a word, in short, in brief, in conclusion, all in all。
【佳句背诵】
(1)Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about the person.
用你的笔记写你的介绍,并总结你对这个人的看法。
(2)To sum up, being a good journalist requires writing skills, curiosity and commitment to finding the truth. 总而言之,做一名好记者需要写作技巧、好奇心和发现真相的决心。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①She left large sum of money in her will to found a wildlife reserve.
②However, (sum) up an entire career in just 140 characters is a challenge for many job hunters.
③Our teacher asked us to write a (summarize) of the story.
◆完成句子
④[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写] As night descended gradually, he sold out all the popcorn and .随着夜幕逐渐降临,他卖掉了所有的爆米花,赚到了一笔钱。
1.(教材P8)While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
在那里工作期间,出于强烈的求知欲,他继续学习,于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
“连词+v.-ing/v.-ed/adj./n.…”式的省略结构
句型公式
【句式点拨】
While working there相当于While he was working there。当when, while, unless, as if等引导状语从句时,若从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it,且从句的谓语为be动词时,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词,构成“连词+v.-ing/v.-ed/adj./n.…”式的省略结构。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①When (take) according to the instructions, the drug has the minimal side effects.
②While (travel) in Europe he found many interesting things and experienced different cultures.
◆完成句子
③I hope everyone present can participate positively and take notes . (应用文写作之通知)
我希望在场的每个人都能积极参与,并在必要时做笔记。
④While , we discussed the great artists’ works, from which we broadened our horizons. (应用文写作之活动介绍)
参观美术展时,我们讨论了伟大艺术家的作品,从中我们开阔了视野。
⑤Though ,
he still risked his life to enter the cave.
尽管有人警告他有危险,他还是冒着生命危险进入洞穴。
2.(教材P8)He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
他留着浓密的胡须和白色的长发,有时它们都竖起来,好像他刚刚受到电击一样。
as though/if引导的状语从句
句型公式
【句式点拨】
as though相当于as if,在句中需用虚拟语气,从句用过去完成时,表示对过去事情的推测。as though引导方式状语从句,意为“仿佛,好像”。 as though从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时,通常用陈述语气;当其所表示的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时,通常用虚拟语气,其从句时态变化如下:
与现在事实相反 从句用一般过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反 从句用过去完成时“had+过去分词”
与将来事实相反 从句用“would/could/might+动词原形”结构
[温馨提示] as though/if引导状语从句时,若主、从句主语一致,且从句谓语有be动词时,从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略,即“as though/if+形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式”。如:
Jason paused as if (he was) expecting Lanny to speak.
贾森停下来,好像他在期待兰尼讲话。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Although he was just an English beginner, he talked as though/if he (learn) English for many years.
②[2020·全国卷Ⅱ] I always read,using different voices,as though I (be) acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!
③When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if (whisper) to the audience.
◆完成句子
④[2022·浙江1月考] I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself. He looked at me .
我走到我的新队友跟前,做了自我介绍。他看着我,就好像我不存在似的。
⑤[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷] Tears swirling in his eyes, David raised his head, looking at me , but soon lowered his head once again.(读后续写之神态描写)
眼泪在眼眶里打转,大卫抬起头,看着我,好像他要对我说点儿什么,但很快又低下了头。Period Four Using Language
●Ⅰ 单词拼写(每小题1分,满分6分)
1.The river (流动) into Lake Jingpo, and then continues north.
2.From his hesitant response, I (推断) that he wasn’t quite sure about the answer himself.
3.He was an effective enough (政治家), but he had no ambition to become a party leader.
4.I (偶遇) many hikers who headed for a distant campground with just enough time to get there before dark.
5.In addition, he served as a visiting (教授) at several American universities.
6.In a department store, there are (许多的) goods on display, ranging from fashionable clothes to high-quality household appliances.
●Ⅱ 单句填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分)
1.When the bombing started, the population (flee) to places of safety.
2.As a (consequent) of the heavy rain, the football match was postponed to next week.
3.The success of the novels has made her the most highly paid (novel) in history.
4.An Olympic silver medal is a (remark) achievement for one so young.
5.The robot was made by Boston Dynamics, a company (found) in 1992 by a professor.
6.Based on the data collected, scientists were able to make an (infer) about the climate changes over the past century.
7.Carefully (draft) and thoroughly reviewed, the new policy was expected to have a significant impact on the economy.
8.He was a handsome Spanish man with a (passion) nature and a warm, generous heart.
9.In the good care of the nurses, the boy is (gradual) recovering from his heart operation.
10.She came close to Dorothy and kissed her (gentle) on the forehead.
●Ⅲ 短语填空(每小题2分,满分16分)
1.Darwin was an English naturalist who (对……有强烈的爱好) nature.
2.He turned down an offer from Ms Gillard to (担任职务) in a new ministry.
3.The causes of the accident may be (概括) as human error and equipment failure.
4.The river overflowed its banks, and (因此), several nearby homes were flooded.
5.The furniture suffers a lot of (磨损) because it has been used for many years.
6.After the president
(开始执政), he launched a series of policies to boost the economy.
7.We were all in deep sorrow upon hearing the news that Dr Yuan (去世).
8. (在这种情况下), we had no choice but to cancel the outdoor event.
●Ⅳ 句型训练(每小题3分,满分12分)
1. , but also he proved himself to be a reliable person.(not only)
他不仅展示了他的勇气,而且还证明了他是一个可靠的人。
2.Even today, I still clearly remember the whole thing . (as though)
时至今日,我仍然清楚地记得整个事情,就好像它刚刚发生一样。
3.While , I made up my mind to be a lawyer to help those who couldn’t afford legal fees.(状语从句的省略)
在大学学习时,我就下定决心成为一名律师以帮助那些没有钱打官司的人。
4.If you go to the Palace Museum, you’ll there.(find+宾语+宾补)
你如果去故宫博物院,你就会发现许多珍宝在那儿展览。
●Ⅴ 阅读理解(每小题2.5分,满分10分)
[2025·山东潍坊高二期中联考]
A 25-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病) started producing her own insulin (胰岛素) less than three months after receiving a transplant of reprogrammed stem cells. She is the first person with the disease to be treated using cells from her own body. “I can eat sugar now,” said the woman, who lives in Tianjin, on a call with Nature. It has been more than a year since the transplant, and, she says, “I enjoy eating everything—especially hotpot.”
James Shapiro, a transplant doctor and researcher at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, says the results of the operation are astonishing. “They’ve greatly improved the health of the patient, who was requiring substantial amounts of insulin beforehand.”
The study, published in Cell today, follows results from a separate group in Shanghai, China, who reported in April that they had successfully transplanted insulin-producing islets (胰岛) into a 59-year-old man with type 2 diabetes. The islets were also obtained from reprogrammed stem cells taken from the man’s own body and he has since stopped taking insulin.
The studies are among a handful of pioneering trials using stem cells to treat diabetes, which affects close to half a billion people worldwide. Most of them have type 2 diabetes, in which the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or its ability to use the hormone decreases. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks islet cells in the pancreas (胰腺).
Islet transplants can treat the disease, but there aren’t enough donors to meet the growing demand, and receivers must use anti-rejection medicines to prevent the body from rejecting the donor tissue.
Stem cells can be used to grow any tissue in the body and can be cultured indefinitely in the laboratory, which means they potentially offer a limitless source of pancreatic tissue. By using tissue made from a person’s own cells, researchers also hope to avoid the need for anti-rejection medicines.
( )1.What can we learn about the transplant from the first two paragraphs
A.It is widely adopted.
B.It has bettered the woman’s condition.
C.It improves the function of insulin.
D.It has changed the woman’s eating preferences.
( )2.What is the writing purpose of Paragraph 4
A.To show the potential dangers of diabetes.
B.To analyse the impact of stem cells transplant.
C.To stress the necessity of stem cells transplant.
D.To compare the symptoms of two types of diabetes.
( )3.Why does the author mention “donors” and “receivers” in Paragraph 5
A.To predict the effect of diabetes treatment.
B.To explain the drawbacks of islet transplants.
C.To present people’s attitude to islet transplants.
D.To conclude a new method of diabetes treatment.
( )4.Why are the stem cells taken from the patient’s own body
A.To make the process easy.
B.To relieve the patient’s pain.
C.To save the patient’s money.
D.To prevent transplant rejection.
●Ⅵ 完形填空(每小题1分,满分15分)
[2025·海南高二期中考试]
Cesare Mencarini graduated from high school in England with excellent grades. But he was more excited about his 1 —building a working nuclear fusion reactor (核聚变反应堆).
Cesare grew up in Italy, but his family moved to Cardiff, England two years ago because his father 2 a new job there. As a child, Cesare 3 an interest in electronics. At Cardiff, after seeing a video about someone building a fusion reactor, Cesare was 4 to build one, too.
But the school 5 his idea at first. Cesare didn’t give up. 6 , he tried his best to persuade his teachers. 7 , after a complete safety review, and with an extra advisor offering to help out, the school gave in.
Cesare’s regular classes weren’t giving him enough 8 to build a fusion reactor. So he spent countless hours doing research, 9 information on the Internet, and watching videos.
“We’re living in an age when almost everything is 10 online,” he says. When he faced a problem, he would read, watch 10 or 15 videos, and then try to 11 it. He also joined a website in order to receive 12 from scientists with more experience.
As a result of Cesare’s continuous effort, at the very end of the school year last June, the reactor was 13 .
Cesare was one of the youngest students to have created such an advanced fusion reactor. For him, it wasn’t 14 about the reactor. It was also about learning by doing, and about 15 with other people doing similar things.
( )1.A.solution B.agreement
C.achievement D.task
( )2.A.created B.landed
C.required D.refused
( )3.A.developed B.quit
C.adjusted D.shared
( )4.A.invited B.allowed
C.taught D.inspired
( )5.A.ignored B.checked
C.challenged D.improved
( )6.A.Instead B.Therefore
C.Still D.Otherwise
( )7.A.By all means B.On purpose
C.After all D.In the end
( )8.A.attention B.knowledge
C.time D.freedom
( )9.A.spreading B.collecting
C.forecasting D.correcting
( )10.A.suitable B.safe
C.available D.impressive
( )11.A.consider B.identify
C.record D.fix
( )12.A.payment B.protection
C.praise D.advice
( )13.A.replaced B.discovered
C.completed D.distinguished
( )14.A.actually B.hardly
C.simply D.usually
( )15.A.arguing B.connecting
C.competing D.living(共93张PPT)
Period Four
Using Language
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
练习册
答案速查【导】
答案速查【练】
Task 1： Fast Reading
●ⅠThe text is developed in the order of ______.
●ⅡText Structure Analysing
time
contributions
achievements
appearance
death
Task 2： Careful Reading
( )1.What did Einstein do in 1905
A.He took a job in the Swiss patent office.
B.He published four extraordinary papers.
C.He quit his job and entered research full-time at a university.
D.He took a job at a university.
√
( )2.What caused Einstein to win the Nobel Prize in 1922
A.The general theory of relativity.
B.The formula E=mc .
C.His four physics papers.
D.His explanation of the photoelectric effect.
√
( )3.Why did Einstein leave Germany
A.To avoid being caught by Hitler.
B.To work in an American university.
C.To attend an important meeting in America.
D.To meet one of the most famous scientists.
√
( )4.Why did the writer give the example of a little girl
A.To show Einstein was a great scientist.
B.To show Einstein was a humorous person.
C.To show Einstein was a friendly person.
D.To show Einstein didn't care about fame.
√
Task 3： Micro-writing
Albert Einstein, perhaps the greatest scientist in modern
physics, is often considered one of 1.____ smartest men who
ever lived. He made numerous 2._____________(contribute) to
the world, the most well-known 3._______(be) the general
theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc . He was not
only a genius, but also a 4.____________(courage) and kind
person.
the
contributions
being
courageous
Einstein was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. He
5.________ (enter) university in 1896 and graduated in 1900. In
1905, he earned a doctorate in physics and published four
extraordinary physics papers. In 1922, he 6._____________ (award)
the Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the
photoelectric effect. In 1933, he was forced 7.________ (flee)
Germany and 8.__________ (eventual) took up a position as a
researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA.
entered
was awarded
to flee
eventually
Although Einstein was a genius, he sometimes forgot things.
He was loved by his friends and neighbours. He even made
friends with a little girl, 9._____asked for help with her
homework.
In 1955, Einstein passed 10.______. The whole world
mourned the great loss of the scientist. Till now, Einstein is
remembered and respected by the public.
who
away
1.found vt.创建; 建立
(1)found…on/upon…(=base…on…) 把……基于……之上,把……建立
在……之上
be founded on/upon…(=be based on…)
建立在……之上;以……为基础/根据
(2)foundation n. 基础;基金会;建立
build up/lay a solid foundation for…
为……奠定坚实的基础
【佳句背诵】
True friendship is founded on trust, respect, and mutual
understanding.真正的友谊建立在信任、尊重和相互理解的基础上。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①［2022·全国甲卷］We've got a ___________ (found) built on
ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young
country.
foundation
②The town, _________(found) by English settlers in 1790, has
been transformed into a large city.
③The company _____________(found) in the early 1900s and
has since grown into a global leader in its field.
founded
was founded
◆完成句子/句式改写
④It was four years' college life ______________________________
_____________ his work.
正是四年的大学生活为他的工作打下了坚实的基础。
that laid/built up a solid foundation for
⑤St. Louis _____________ in 1764 by French traders, and today
it is the fifteenth largest urban area in the United States.
→__________________________________,St. Louis today is the
fifteenth largest urban area in the United States.(用过去分词作状
语改写)
圣路易斯由法国商人于1764年建立,如今是美国第十五大城市。
was founded
Founded in 1764 by French traders
2.passion n. 酷爱;激情;热爱
(1)have a passion for 酷爱……,喜爱……
(2)passionate adj. 热情的;怒不可遏的;狂热的
be passionate about… 对……充满热情
【佳句背诵】
(教材P8)While working there, out of a strong passion for
knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in
physics in 1905.
在那里工作期间,出于强烈的求知欲,他继续学习,于1905年获得物理
学博士学位。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①［2024·新课标Ⅱ卷］Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced
guide, has a passion ____ making the great outdoors accessible
to all.
for
②She is ___________ (passion) about painting, spending hours
every day perfecting her art.
passionate
◆完成句子
③［2023·天津卷应用文写作］As a Chinese, I __________________
___ making Chinese cuisine, for example dumplings.
作为一个中国人，我热衷于做中国美食，比如饺子。
have a passion for
④The activity not only offered us students an opportunity to
get exposed to the local art, but also stimulated ______________
_____________________________________. (应用文写作之活动感受)
这次活动不仅让我们学生有机会接触到当地的艺术,也激发了我们弘
扬中国传统文化的热情。
our passion for promoting traditional Chinese culture
3.come to power 上台;(开始)掌权
(1)(be) in power 执政;当权
beyond one's power(=out of one's power)
是某人力所不能及的
do all/everything in one's power to do sth
尽某人所能做某事
(2) power n. 权力；影响力;力量；动力
vt. 为……提供动力；驱动
powerful adj. 有力量的，强大的；有权势的，有影响力的
［温馨提示］ come to/into power 表动作, 为非延续性动词短语,
不能与一段时间连用; 延续性动词短语形式应用be in power“执政,
在位”(表状态)。
【佳句背诵】
(教材P8)Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to
power in Germany.
1933年,希特勒在德国上台执政后,形势发生了变化。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①［2023·北京卷］I could tell they weren't making fun of me:
they laughed because I had the power _______ (tell) a funny
story.
to tell
②The party has been ___ power for many years, and it has
showed its strengths in dealing with important issues.
in
③［2024·浙江1月考］She felt energetic, refreshed and _________
(power) and believed she could overcome any obstacle in her
life, including her poor sense of direction.
powerful
④The train raced along the tracks, _________(power) by
electricity, carrying passengers on a journey of discovery.
powered
◆完成句子
⑤Looking back on what she had done, she realized that
_____________________________ was not only about achieving a
goal but also about growing as a person.(读后续写之成长经历)
回顾自己所做的一切，她意识到尽自己所能不仅仅是为了实现一个
目标，也是为了个人的成长。
doing everything in her power
4.consequence n. 结果; 后果; 影响
(1)as a consequence(=in consequence/as a result) 结果,因此
as a consequence of (=in consequence of/as a result of)
因为……;由于……
take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth)
承担(某事的)后果
(2)consequent adj. 作为结果的;随之而来的
(3)consequently adv. 结果,因此
【佳句背诵】
It is as a consequence of (=in consequence of/as a result of)
man's activities that many species have died out.
正是由于人类的活动,许多物种已经灭绝了。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The flight was delayed because of fog, and _____________
(consequent), he didn't make it to his best friend's wedding in
time.
consequently
②Whether big or small, what all our choices have in common
is that they lead to specific ______________ (consequence).
③His death was totally unexpected and, ___ consequence, no
plans had been made for his replacement.
consequences
in
◆完成句子
④［2021·北京卷应用文写作］My grandfather was under
treatment in hospital, and ___________________________________
____________, I have to take care of him.
我祖父在医院接受治疗,因此我不得不照顾他。
as a consequence/in consequence/
consequently
⑤________________________________________,I was able to
overcome the difficulties in my study smoothly and achieved
good results in the recent exam.(应用文写作之感谢信)
因为您的热心帮助，我得以顺利克服学习上的困难，并在最近的考
试中取得了好成绩。
As a consequence of your kind assistance
5.take up a position 担任;任职
take up
继续;开始从事(一项新的工作)或开始承担(一项新的责任);占据
(空间、位置);接受(建议或挑战);开始学习;拿起
take on 雇用;呈现
take over 接管
take off 脱掉;起飞;休假;突然成功
take in 收留;容纳;理解;欺骗
take down 拆掉;写下
take back 收回(所说的话)
【佳句背诵】
(教材P8)After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a
position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in
Princeton, USA.
在欧洲度过一段时间后,他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院谋得研究
员一职。
【活学活用】
◆一词多义
①Sometimes, the smallest things take up the most room in
your heart. ______
②When did you take up Japanese as a second foreign
language __________
③Harry took up the tale at the point where John had left off.
______
④I took up the telephone receiver only to dial a wrong
number. ______
占据
开始学习
继续
拿起
◆完成句子
⑤Once everyone accommodates to low-carbon lifestyle, our
campus ______________________________.一旦每个人都适应低碳
的生活方式，我们的校园将会呈现出崭新的面貌。
will take on a brand new look
⑥If I can _______________________ president of the Student
Union, I will do everything in my power to create more
colourful school activities for students. (应用文写作之申请信)
如果我能担任学生会主席一职,我将尽全力为学生创造更加丰富多彩
的校园活动。
take up the position as
6.encounter vt. 偶然碰到;遇到 n. 邂逅;遭遇
(1)encounter sb/sth 偶然遇见……
encounter problems/difficulties 遇到问题/困难
(2)an encounter with sb/sth 与……的相遇/邂逅/冲突
［温馨提示］表示“偶遇,遇见”的同义词有:bump into, come across,
run into, meet with。
【佳句背诵】
(教材P8) In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the
street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things.
事实上,爱因斯坦经常遇到当街拦住他并请他帮忙解释各种事情的人。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷］This makes sense because the people
who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are
often citizen scientists recording their encounters _____ species
in areas nearby.
with
②_____________(encounter) difficulties in life doesn't mean you
should give up. Instead, it's a chance to grow stronger.
Encountering
◆完成句子
③［外研选必四］So, whatever twists and turns _______________
_________, take a leaf out of the books of these two authors
and be prepared for the unexpected.
因此，不管你可能会遇到怎样的坎坷和曲折，都应以这两位作者为
榜样，做好应对意外的准备。
you might encounter
④［2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷］I waited anxiously at the finishing line,
___________________________________________________ and
whether he could overcome them. (读后续写之情感描写)
我在终点线上焦急地等待着,担心大卫可能会遇到什么问题,以及他能
否克服这些问题。
worrying about what problems David might encounter
7.sum vi.总结;概括 n. 金额；款项;总数;总和
(1)a sum of 一笔……
in sum 总之;总而言之
(2)sum up (=give a summary of) 总结;概括
to sum up (=in summary=to summarize) 总之;概括地说
(3)summary n. 总结;概括;概要
(4)summarize v. 总结,概述
［温馨提示］“总之”的表达法还有:in a word, in short, in brief, in
conclusion, all in all。
【佳句背诵】
(1)Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how
you feel about the person.
用你的笔记写你的介绍,并总结你对这个人的看法。
(2)To sum up, being a good journalist requires writing skills,
curiosity and commitment to finding the truth. 总而言之,做一名
好记者需要写作技巧、好奇心和发现真相的决心。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①She left ___ large sum of money in her will to found a
wildlife reserve.
②However, __________ (sum) up an entire career in just 140
characters is a challenge for many job hunters.
③Our teacher asked us to write a __________ (summarize) of
the story.
a
summing
summary
◆完成句子
④［2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写］As night descended gradually,
he sold out all the popcorn and ________________________.
随着夜幕逐渐降临，他卖掉了所有的爆米花，赚到了一笔钱。
earned a sum of money
1.(教材P8)While working there, out of a strong passion for
knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in
physics in 1905.
在那里工作期间,出于强烈的求知欲,他继续学习,于1905年获得物理
学博士学位。
句型公式
“连词+v.-ing/v.-ed/adj./n.…”式的省略结构
【句式点拨】
While working there相当于While he was working there。当when,
while, unless, as if等引导状语从句时,若从句的主语与主句的主语一
致或从句的主语是it,且从句的谓语为be动词时,可以省略从句中的主
语和be动词,构成“连词+v.-ing/v.-ed/adj./n.…”式的省略结构。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①When ______ (take) according to the instructions, the drug
has the minimal side effects.
②While __________(travel) in Europe he found many interesting
things and experienced different cultures.
taken
travelling
◆完成句子
③I hope everyone present can participate positively and take
notes _____________________. (应用文写作之通知)
我希望在场的每个人都能积极参与,并在必要时做笔记。
when (it is) necessary
④While ________________________, we discussed the great
artists' works, from which we broadened our horizons.
(应用文写作之活动介绍)
参观美术展时,我们讨论了伟大艺术家的作品,从中我们开阔了视野。
visiting the art exhibition
⑤Though ______________________________,he still risked his life
to enter the cave.
尽管有人警告他有危险,他还是冒着生命危险进入洞穴。
(he was) warned of the danger
2.(教材P8)He had a thick moustache and long white hair,
which sometimes stood on end as though he had just
received an electric shock.
他留着浓密的胡须和白色的长发,有时它们都竖起来,好像他刚刚受到
电击一样。
句型公式
as though/if引导的状语从句
【句式点拨】
as though相当于as if,在句中需用虚拟语气,从句用过去完成时,表示
对过去事情的推测。as though引导方式状语从句,意为“仿佛,好像”。
as though从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时,通常用陈述
语气;当其所表示的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时,
通常用虚拟语气,其从句时态变化如下:
与现在事实相反 从句用一般过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反 从句用过去完成时“had+过去分词”
与将来事实相反 从句用“would/could/might+动词原形”结构
［温馨提示］ as though/if引导状语从句时,若主、从句主语一致,且
从句谓语有be动词时,从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略,即“as
though/if+形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式”。如:
Jason paused as if (he was) expecting Lanny to speak.
贾森停下来,好像他在期待兰尼讲话。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Although he was just an English beginner, he talked as
though/if he ___________ (learn) English for many years.
had learnt
②［2020·全国卷Ⅱ］I always read,using different voices,as
though I ______ (be) acting out the stories with my voice and
they loved it!
were
③When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first
meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if ___________ (whisper)
to the audience.
whispering
◆完成句子
④［2022·浙江1月考］I went up to my new teammate and
introduced myself. He looked at me _________________________
_____.
我走到我的新队友跟前，做了自我介绍。他看着我，就好像我不存
在似的。
as though/if I weren't there
⑤［2022·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷］Tears swirling in his eyes, David
raised his head, looking at me ______________________________
__________________________________, but soon lowered his
head once again.(读后续写之神态描写)
眼泪在眼眶里打转,大卫抬起头,看着我,好像他要对我说点儿什么,但
很快又低下了头。
as if he would say something to me/as if to say something to me
练 习 册
Ⅰ单词拼写(每小题1分，满分6分)
1.The river ______ (流动) into Lake Jingpo, and then continues
north.
flows
2.From his hesitant response, I ________ (推断) that he wasn't
quite sure about the answer himself.
inferred
3.He was an effective enough _________ (政治家), but he had
no ambition to become a party leader.
politician
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.I _____________ (偶遇) many hikers who headed for a distant
campground with just enough time to get there before dark.
encountered
5.In addition, he served as a visiting __________ (教授) at
several American universities.
professor
6.In a department store, there are __________ (许多的) goods
on display, ranging from fashionable clothes to high-quality
household appliances.
numerous
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅱ单句填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1.When the bombing started, the population _____ (flee) to
places of safety.
fled
2.As a _____________(consequent) of the heavy rain, the football
match was postponed to next week.
consequence
3.The success of the novels has made her the most highly paid
________ (novel) in history.
novelist
4.An Olympic silver medal is a ___________ (remark) achievement
for one so young.
remarkable
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.The robot was made by Boston Dynamics, a company
_________ (found) in 1992 by a professor.
founded
6.Based on the data collected, scientists were able to make an
__________ (infer) about the climate changes over the past
century.
inference
7.Carefully ________ (draft) and thoroughly reviewed, the new
policy was expected to have a significant impact on the
economy.
drafted
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.He was a handsome Spanish man with a ___________ (passion)
nature and a warm, generous heart.
passionate
9.In the good care of the nurses, the boy is __________
(gradual) recovering from his heart operation.
gradually
10.She came close to Dorothy and kissed her _______ (gentle)
on the forehead.
gently
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅲ短语填空(每小题2分，满分16分)
1.Darwin was an English naturalist who __________________
(对……有强烈的爱好) nature.
had a passion for
2.He turned down an offer from Ms Gillard to _______________
_______ (担任职务) in a new ministry.
take up a position
3.The causes of the accident may be ____________ (概括) as
human error and equipment failure.
summed up
4.The river overflowed its banks, and ________________________
______________________ (因此), several nearby homes were
flooded.
as a consequence/in consequence/as a result
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5.The furniture suffers a lot of ______________ (磨损) because it
has been used for many years.
wear and tear
6.After the president ________________(开始执政), he launched a
series of policies to boost the economy.
came to power
7.We were all in deep sorrow upon hearing the news that Dr
Yuan _________________ (去世).
had passed away
8.__________________________ (在这种情况下), we had no
choice but to cancel the outdoor event.
Under/In the circumstances
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅳ句型训练(每小题3分，满分12分)
1.___________________________________, but also he proved
himself to be a reliable person.(not only)
他不仅展示了他的勇气,而且还证明了他是一个可靠的人。
Not only did he display his courage
2.Even today, I still clearly remember the whole thing
_______________________________. (as though)
时至今日,我仍然清楚地记得整个事情,就好像它刚刚发生一样。
as though it had just happened
1
2
3
4
3.While ___________________, I made up my mind to be a
lawyer to help those who couldn't afford legal fees.(状语从句的
省略)
在大学学习时,我就下定决心成为一名律师以帮助那些没有钱打官司
的人。
studying in college
4.If you go to the Palace Museum, you'll ____________________
________________________ there.(find+宾语+宾补)
你如果去故宫博物院,你就会发现许多珍宝在那儿展览。
find many treasures exhibited/displayed/shown
1
2
3
4
Ⅴ阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分10分)
［2025·山东潍坊高二期中联考］
A 25-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病) started
producing her own insulin (胰岛素) less than three months after
receiving a transplant of reprogrammed stem cells. She is the
first person with the disease to be treated using cells from her
own body. “I can eat sugar now,” said the woman, who lives in
Tianjin, on a call with Nature. It has been more than a year
1
2
3
4
since the transplant, and, she says, “I enjoy eating everything—
especially hotpot.”
James Shapiro, a transplant doctor and researcher at the
University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, says the results of
the operation are astonishing. “They've greatly improved the
health of the patient, who was requiring substantial amounts of
insulin beforehand.”
The study, published in Cell today, follows results from a
separate group in Shanghai, China, who reported in April that
1
2
3
4
they had successfully transplanted insulin-producing islets (胰岛)
into a 59-year-old man with type 2 diabetes. The islets were
also obtained from reprogrammed stem cells taken from the
man's own body and he has since stopped taking insulin.
The studies are among a handful of pioneering trials using
stem cells to treat diabetes, which affects close to half a billion
people worldwide. Most of them have type 2 diabetes, in which
the body doesn't produce enough insulin or its ability to use
the hormone decreases. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system
attacks islet cells in the pancreas (胰腺).
1
2
3
4
Islet transplants can treat the disease, but there aren't
enough donors to meet the growing demand, and receivers
must use anti-rejection medicines to prevent the body from
rejecting the donor tissue.
Stem cells can be used to grow any tissue in the body and
can be cultured indefinitely in the laboratory, which means they
potentially offer a limitless source of pancreatic tissue. By using
tissue made from a person's own cells, researchers also hope to
avoid the need for anti-rejection medicines.
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项使用重编程
干细胞治疗1型糖尿病的研究，以及这种治疗方法的潜在优势。
1
2
3
4
( )1.What can we learn about the transplant from the first
two paragraphs
A.It is widely adopted.
B.It has bettered the woman's condition.
C.It improves the function of insulin.
D.It has changed the woman's eating preferences.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“‘I can eat sugar now,’ said
the woman, who lives in Tianjin, on a call with Nature.”和文章第
二段“They've greatly improved the health of the patient, who
was requiring substantial amounts of insulin beforehand.”可知，
移植手术改善了这位女士的病情。故选B项。
1
2
3
4
( )2.What is the writing purpose of Paragraph 4
A.To show the potential dangers of diabetes.
B.To analyse the impact of stem cells transplant.
C.To stress the necessity of stem cells transplant.
D.To compare the symptoms of two types of diabetes.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The studies are among a
handful of pioneering trials using stem cells to treat diabetes,
which affects close to half a billion people worldwide. Most of
them have type 2 diabetes, in which the body doesn't produce
√
1
2
3
4
enough insulin or its ability to use the hormone decreases. In
type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks islet cells in the
pancreas (胰腺).”(这些研究是少数使用干细胞治疗糖尿病的开创性
试验之一，糖尿病在全球影响着近5亿人。其中大多数人患有2型糖
尿病，即身体无法产生足够的胰岛素或利用激素的能力下降。而在1
型糖尿病中，免疫系统会攻击胰腺中的胰岛细胞。)可知，第四段的
写作目的是强调干细胞移植的必要性。故选C项。
1
2
3
4
( )3.Why does the author mention “donors” and “receivers”
in Paragraph 5
A.To predict the effect of diabetes treatment.
B.To explain the drawbacks of islet transplants.
C.To present people's attitude to islet transplants.
D.To conclude a new method of diabetes treatment.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Islet transplants can treat
the disease, but there aren't enough donors to meet the
growing demand, and receivers must use anti-rejection
medicines to prevent the body from rejecting the donor
tissue.”(胰岛移植可以治疗这种疾病，但供体不足以满足日益增长的
需求，受体必须使用抗排斥药物来防止身体排斥供体组织。)可知，
作者提到“供体”和“受体”是为了解释胰岛移植的缺点，即供体不足和
受体必须使用抗排斥药物。故选B项。
1
2
3
4
( )4.Why are the stem cells taken from the patient's own
body
A.To make the process easy.
B.To relieve the patient's pain.
C.To save the patient's money.
D.To prevent transplant rejection.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“By using tissue made from
a person's own cells, researchers also hope to avoid the need
for anti-rejection medicines.”可知，干细胞从病人自己的体内取出
是为了防止移植排斥。故选D项。
√
1
2
3
4
Ⅵ完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
［2025·海南高二期中考试］
Cesare Mencarini graduated from high school in England
with excellent grades. But he was more excited about
his . .1. . —building a working nuclear fusion reactor (核聚变反应
堆).
Cesare grew up in Italy, but his family moved to Cardiff,
England two years ago because his father . .2. . a new job there.
As a child, Cesare . .3. . an interest in electronics.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
At Cardiff, after seeing a video about someone building a fusion
reactor, Cesare was . .4. . to build one, too.
But the school . .5. . his idea at first. Cesare didn't give
up. . .6. ., he tried his best to persuade his teachers. . .7. ., after a
complete safety review, and with an extra advisor offering to
help out, the school gave in.
Cesare's regular classes weren't giving him enough . .8. . to
build a fusion reactor. So he spent countless hours doing
research, . .9. . information on the Internet, and watching videos.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
“We're living in an age when almost everything is . .10. .
online,” he says. When he faced a problem, he would read,
watch 10 or 15 videos, and then try to . .11. . it. He also joined
a website in order to receive . .12. . from scientists with more
experience.
As a result of Cesare's continuous effort, at the very end of
the school year last June, the reactor was . .13. ..
Cesare was one of the youngest students to have created
such an advanced fusion reactor. For him, it wasn't . .14. . about
the reactor. It was also about learning by doing, and
about . .15. . with other people doing similar things.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，通过讲述Cesare建造核聚变反应
堆的经历，展现了他对自己兴趣爱好的执著追求以及在面对困难时
坚持不懈、积极寻求解决办法的精神品质。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )1.A.solution B.agreement
C.achievement D.task
[解析] 根据下文“…building a working nuclear fusion reactor
(核聚变反应堆).”可知，建造了一个正在运作的核聚变反应堆是他的
成就。故选C项。solution解决方案； agreement协议；
achievement成就； task任务。
( )2.A.created B.landed C.required D.refused
[解析] 根据下文 a new job there可知，他的父亲获得了一份新工
作。故选B项。 create创建； land获得；require需要； refuse拒绝。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )3.A.developed B.quit C.adjusted D.shared
[解析] 根据下文 an interest in electronics可知，此处是指Cesare对
电子学产生了兴趣。develop an interest in表示“对……产生兴趣”。
故选A项。 develop发展，产生； quit退出； adjust调整； share分享。
( )4.A.invited B.allowed C.taught D.inspired
[解析] 根据上文“…after seeing a video about someone building
a fusion reactor, Cesare was…”及下文 to build one可知，看到关
于有人建造核聚变反应堆的视频后，Cesare受到鼓舞也想去建造一
个，be inspired to do sth表示“受到鼓舞去做某事”。故选D项。
invite邀请； allow允许； teach教授； inspire启发。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )5.A.ignored B.checked C.challenged D.improved
[解析] 根据下文“Cesare didn't give up.”及“…he tried his best to
persuade his teachers.”可知，学校一开始并没有理睬他的想法。故
选A项。 ignore忽略，不理会； check检查； challenge质疑；
improve改进。
( )6.A.Instead B.Therefore C.Still D.Otherwise
[解析] 根据上文“Cesare didn't give up.”及下文“…he tried his best
to persuade his teachers.”可知，他没有放弃，相反，他尽力去说服
老师。故选A项。 instead相反；therefore因此；still仍然；
otherwise否则。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )7.A.By all means B.On purpose
C.After all D.In the end
[解析] 根据下文“…after a complete safety review, and with an
extra advisor offering to help out, the school gave in.”可知，经
过彻底的安全审查，并且有一位顾问愿意帮忙，最后学校让步了。
故选D项。by all means无论如何；on purpose故意；after all毕竟；
in the end最后。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )8.A.attention B.knowledge C.time D.freedom
[解析] 根据上文“…regular classes weren't giving him enough…”及
下文to build a fusion reactor以及“So he spent countless hours
doing research…”可知，常规课程没有关于建造核聚变反应堆的知识。
故选B项。 attention注意； knowledge知识； time时间； freedom
自由。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )9.A.spreading B.collecting C.forecasting D.correcting
[解析] 根据上文“So he spent countless hours doing research…”及
下文“…information on the Internet, and watching videos.”可知，
他花了无数个小时做研究、在网上收集信息、看视频。故选B项。
spread传播； collect收集；forecast预测； correct纠正。
( )10.A.suitable B.safe C.available D.impressive
[解析] 根据上文“We're living in an age when almost everything
is…”及下文online可知，此处是指几乎所有东西都能在网上获得。故
选C项。suitable适合的； safe安全的； available可获得的；
impressive令人印象深刻的。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )11.A.consider B.identify C.record D.fix
[解析] 根据上文“When he faced a problem, he would read,
watch 10 or 15 videos, and then try to…”可知，当他遇到问题时，
他会尝试解决。故选D项。consider考虑；identify识别； record记
录； fix解决。
( )12.A.payment B.protection C.praise D.advice
[解析] 根据下文from scientists with more experience可知，他加入
网站是为了从更有经验的科学家那里获得建议。故选D项。
payment付款；protection保护； praise赞美； advice建议。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )13.A.replaced B.discovered
C.completed D.distinguished
[解析] 根据上文“As a result of Cesare's continuous effort, at the
very end of the school year last June, the reactor…”可知，经过
Cesare的努力，反应堆完成了。故选C项。 replace替换；discover发
现； complete完成；distinguish区分。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )14.A.actually B.hardly C.simply D.usually
[解析] 根据上文“For him, it wasn't…”及下文“…about the reactor.
It was also about learning by doing, and about…”可知，这不仅
仅是关于反应堆的事，还关乎边做边学以及其他的事情。故选C项。
actually实际上；hardly几乎不；simply仅仅； usually通常。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )15.A.arguing B.connecting C.competing D.living
[解析] 根据上文“It was also about learning by doing, and
about…”及下文“…with other people doing similar things.”可知，
这里指和其他做类似事情的人建立联系。connect with表示“与……
建立联系”，故选B项。argue争论； connect连接，把……联系起来；
compete竞争； live生活。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Unit 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Period Four Using Language
导学案
课前自主探究
Task 1： Fast Reading
Ⅰ time
Ⅱ 1.contributions 2.achievements 3.appearance 4.death
Task 2： Careful Reading
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C
Task 3： Micro-writing
1.the 2.contributions 3.being 4.courageous 5.entered
6.was awarded 7.to flee 8.eventually 9.who 10.away
语言知识梳理
词汇点睛
1.①foundation ②founded ③was founded
④that laid/built up a solid foundation for
⑤was founded;Founded in 1764 by French traders
2. ①for ②passionate
③have a passion for ④our passion for promoting
traditional Chinese culture
3.①to tell ②in ③powerful ④powered
⑤doing everything in her power
4.①consequently ②consequences ③in
④as a consequence/in consequence/consequently
⑤As a consequence of your kind assistance
5.①占据 ②开始学习 ③继续 ④拿起
⑤will take on a brand new look ⑥take up the position as
6.①with ②Encountering
③you might encounter ④worrying about what problems
David might encounter
7.①a ②summing ③summary
④earned a sum of money
句型透视
1.①taken ②travelling
③when （it is） necessary ④visiting the art exhibition
⑤（he was） warned of the danger
2.①had learnt ②were ③whispering
④as though/if I weren't there ⑤as if he would say
something to me/as if to say something to me
练习册
Ⅰ 1.flows 2.inferred 3.politician 4.encountered
5.professor 6.numerous
Ⅱ 1.fled 2.consequence 3.novelist 4.remarkable 5.founded
6.inference 7.drafted 8.passionate 9.gradually 10.gently
Ⅲ 1.had a passion for 2.take up a position 3.summed up
4.as a consequence/in consequence/as a result
5.wear and tear 6.came to power 7.had passed away
8.Under/In the circumstances
Ⅳ 1.Not only did he display his courage
2.as though it had just happened
3.studying in college
4.find many treasures exhibited/displayed/shown
Ⅴ 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D
Ⅵ 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.D
12.D 13.C 14.C 15.B
