外研版必修一Unit 4 Friends forever Grammar 定语从句 课件

(共48张PPT)
Attributive Clause
Teaching Aims:
1. Summarize and review Attributive Clause.
2. Revise the usages of Attributive Clause.
Teaching important and difficult point:
Students are able to use Attributive Clause properly in different activities.
定从是高中阶段极其重要的语法，在每次考试
语填中几乎是必考项目。
I like girls.
I like girls with long hair.
I like girls with long hair, big eyes and dimples.
定语从句：在复合句中修饰一个名词/代词的从句，
也称形容词性从句。
先行词：被修饰的那个名词/代词。
He is a boy.
He is a brave boy.
He is a boy with glasses.
He is a boy who can use magic.
关系词：引导定语从句的词。
关系代词（ 个）： ，
在从句中作 。
关系副词（ 个）： 在从句中作 。
注： 不能引导定从
关系词的三大作用：1. 引导定从。
2.代替先行词。
3.在定从中担任句子成分。
Relative words Antecedent (先行词) Function
Relative Pronouns 关系代词 Person S, O
Person O
Thing S / O
Person/Thing S/O/
predicative(表)
Person's/Thing's Attributive(定)
Relative Adverbs 关系副词 Place Adverbial(状)
Time Adverbial
Reason Adverbial
who
whom
which
that
whose
where
when
why
1、who ：指人，在从句中做主或宾(可省)
合并同类项，替换同类项，调整顺序
The boys are from Class Five.The boys are playing football .
He has 2 brothers. They are both teachers.
The man is kind. Everyone likes him.
Those students must be at the school gate at 7am tomorrow. They want to go to the museum.
2. whom：也指人，在定从中充当宾语，常可省略。
口语中常用who代替，也可省略。
He is a teacher. We are afraid of him.
I am writing an email to some people. I met them on the boat.
3. whose ：既指人也指物，在从句作定语，表所属关系，其后必有一名词.
The girl studies hard. Her mother is a teacher.
I like a room. Its window looks out over the sea.
She has a brother. I can’t remember his name.
4、which ：指物，在从句中做主语或宾语
The menu included some seafood. I had never eaten it before.
Rice is only grown in hot places. It is the main food for millions of people.
5. that ：既指人也指物，作主和宾（可省）.
指人时=who(主), whom(宾)
指物时=which
That man is our headmaster. He will give us a talk.
Yuan Longping is great man. China is proud of him.
I can’t read the menu. It’s all written in Russian.
Can you lend me the book You talked about it last night.
.
6.as: 既指人也指物，作主和宾（不能省），先行词前常有so, such, as, the same .
as也可引导非限定从，有“正如”之意，可放句首，句中，句末。还需记住一些常见固搭：
as we all know，as is well known / is known to all
as has been said before 如前所述
as we can see 正如我们所看到的
as is often the case情况常常如此
as is reported,
as is said/mentioned above
as is expected,
She is such a lovely girl. We all like her.
注： 1: 只用that 的情况：
1.先行词为指物的anything, something, nothing, everything 等不定代词时
2. 先行词被all, little, few, any, every, no等修饰时
3. 先行词被 the very, the only, the last, the next等修饰时
4. 先行词被序数词，最高级修饰时
He is the best man （that/who/whom）I have met.
5.先行词有人有物
6.若主句有疑问代词who或which，为避免重复，关系代词不再使用who/which，而用that
2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：
(1) 在非限制性定语从中。
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
3. 关系代词指人时用who的情况
先行词是one, ones, anyone, those, he / she/ I /they 时用who代替that
：
He who laughs last laughs best . (idiom)
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好
将下列简单句合并为定从：
1.I forget to bring the homework. I did it yesterday.
2.The professor is from Sichuan University. He gave us a lecture yesterday.
3.The news is not true. He told me the news yesterday.
4.The train is late. It was going to Chengdu.
5.This is the girl. Her mother works in this school.
6.That is the child. We were looking at his photo just now.
7.The fan is on the desk. You want it..
8.The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here.
9.It is the first American film. I have seen it.
10.Do you know the boy His Japanese is excellent.
1. The girl is happy. She won the race.
2. The student is from America. He sits next to me.
3. The boy was not badly hurt. The boy fell from a tree.
4. The taxi driver was friendly. He took me to the airport.
5. Johnny isn’t home yet. That worried me.
6. She told me her address. I wrote it down on a piece of paper.
7. The woman lives next door. She is a famous dancer.
The woman who/that is a famous dancer lives next door.
The girl who/that won the race is happy
The students who/that sits next to me is from America
The boy who/that fell from a tree was not badly hurt.
The taxi driver who/that took me to the airport was friendly.
Johnny isn't home yet, which worried me.
She told me her address (which/that) I wrote down on a piece of paper.
It is the year.
The Olympic Games begins in the year.
1 .when：先行词是时间名词 the day/year/time/age/era...作时间状语:
She will never forget the day when (=on which) she won the game.
When = 介词 + which
It is the year when (= in which) the Olympic Games begins.
She will never forget the day.
She won the game on that day.
关系副词
2、where :先行词表 the place/school/hospital...作地点状语
I want to know the place.
I was born there.
I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.
where = 介词 + which
关系副词
Kunming is a beautiful city. Spring dwells there.
3.why:先行词是原因的名词reason= for which
(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,作原因状语。)
The reason he did not go to school is that he
was ill.
why
= for which
关系副词
Do you know the reason They quarreled last night.
关系代词与关系副词的选用
Summing up:
1. 关系代词在从句中做主语或宾语
2. 关系副词在从句中做状语
3. 当先行词为时间，地点或原因的词语时，不一定填写关系副词，只有当这些词在定语从句中做状语时才会用关系副词，否则要用关系代词。关系代词和关系副词的判定最终取决于它们在从句中的成分！
关系副词的用法：when/where/why
不要看到时间，地点，原因就用when，where，why
表时、地、因的先行词+ when
where
why
关系代词+不完整句子（缺主、宾）
+完整句子
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语
关系副词在定语从句中作状语
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

This is the mountain village which I visited last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

I'll never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.
判断方法:若关系词后面的句子完整,则需用关系副词
若关系词后面的句子不完整,则用关系代词
巧学助记：
定从连词分两类，连接代词和连副，
缺主宾用连代， 物是which人是who，
不缺主宾就缺状，缺状语用连副，
that 不在逗介后，as往往在句首。
介词提前的情况：介词+ whom（ 指人）
which（指物）
介词的确定:
1. 由先行词确定： the day on which
2. 由定从中谓语动词或形容词的固搭确定
3. 由全句意思确定
4. 表示所属关系,一律用介词 of
5. 表部分与整体，用名/代/数/比/最+ of whom/which
This is the man I turned yesterday.
where/when/why==介词+which
whose相当于the+名词+of+which/whom.
或of+which/whom+the+名词
Look out！Don't get too close to the house _________roof is under repair.
Look out！Don't get too close to the house ____________________ is under repair.
to whom
This is the river
_______ there is a factory.
_______ there is a boat.
______________a bridge was built.
__________we often have a walk.
by/ beside which
on which
over/across which
along which
1.This is the car ____which I bought last year.2.This is the car _____which I paid 100$.3.This is the car _____which I spent 100$.4.This is the car _____which I go to work every day.5.This is the car ______ which I can’t go to work.6.This is the car _____which the old man was knocked down.7.This is the car ______which a boy threw a stone.8.This is the car ______which we talked .9.This is the car ______which the window was broken----foroninwithoutbyataboutof定从分类 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
作用不同 修饰限定作用， 不可省略 补充说明，
可以省略
形式不同 无逗号 有逗号
先行词不同 只能是名词，代词 可是名，代，也可是句子
关系词不同 1.9大关系词都可用2.whom作宾=who 3.作宾的关系代词可省 1.所有关系词不可省略
2.不可用that，用who,which代替
3.不可用who代替whom
4.不可用why，用for which代替
翻译不同 译成一句“…….的” 译成并列句
区别as,which引导的非限定从
关系代词 意义 位置 先行词
which 这一点，这/那 不能在句首 名词、短语、主句
as “正如”之意， 常见固搭: as is known, as is reported, as is said, as is expected, as we know ， as is often the case, as the saying goes 可位于句首，句中，句末
通常为主句
运用非限定性定语从句的情况
1.关系代词指代整个主句内容
The boy didn't pass the exam, which disappointed his parents very much.
The movie is very touching, as most audience say.
2.先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词
1.Hangzhou, which is a nice city, attracts many visitors every day.
2.The sun, which gives off a great deal of heat, is a great source of energy.
3.先行指的是某人只有一个亲属（son,daughter, father, mother, wife,etc.）
My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email every day.（既然需要限定，说明我的姐姐很多，除了在上海工作的姐姐，还有其他姐姐，删去后从句表意不明。）
My sister, who works in Shanghai, sends me an email every day.(既然不需要限定，说明我只有一个姐姐，删去从句后句意依然明确。）
I have an elder brother, who graduated from Peking University.
Her daughter, who is now studing in New York, graduated from our school.
She is an artist，which I am not.（表示职业、品格）
她是一位艺术家，而我不是。
He said nothing made him angry.
He said nothing, made him angry.
A.that B.what C.which D.as
that
which
4. 定从中表部分和整体：
名/代/数/比/最 of + whom(指人) = whom(指人)
which(指物) which(指物)
+of 名/代/数/比/最
1)There is too much information on Internert, some is unreliable.
2) I have invited more than one hundred friends to the party, most are my business partners.
3) China has many islands, the largest is
Tai Wan.
of which
of whom
of which
用适当的关系词填空
1.　　 is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth once every
month.
2.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of 　　　　
uses it differently.
3.She gave another piece of advice, 　　　　 I think was of great help to the
research work.
4.She showed the visitors around the museum, 　　　　 construction had
taken more than three years.
5.The number of smokers, 　　 is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just
one year.
As
which
which
whose
as
1. She heard a terrible noise, ______ frightened her.
　　A. that B. which C. what D. who
2. She heard a terrible noise ______ frightened her.
　　A. that B. / C. what D. who
3. I had told them the reason, ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.
　　A. for which B. at which C. for whom D. why
4. I had told them the reason ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.
　　A. when B. which C. why D. for that
5. He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, ______ he loved and respected as his own mother.
　　A. as B. which C. / D. whom
6. He will put off the picnic until May 1st, he will be free.
7.They went to London， they lived for six months
A. as B. where C. when D. when
A
C
A
D
C
D
B
定语从句考点难点归纳：
1. 关系代词that, which与 who的使用情况
2. 介词＋关系代词
3. 关系代词与关系副词的选用
4. as的用法
5. the way做先行词
定语从句在高考中的考点及运用
语法填空： 填写正确的关系词
英语写作： 运用定语从句增加文章亮点，
提高文章档次
如何选用关系词
1. 确定先行词
2.确定先行词是指人还是指物
3. 判断关系词在定从中所作成分（主，宾，定或状）
4. 若关系词在从句中做主，宾或定则用关系代词，若在从句中做状则用关系副词
1) Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand
2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.
3) Who is the man _____ is standing there
4) Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise， ______ brought her heart into her mouth.
that
that
that
which
which
考点1：that 与 which
1. 定从缺少主或宾，关系词用that /which（缺宾时关系词可以省略）
2. 定从主或宾都不缺，则作方式状语，关系词用that /in which或不填
the way 作先行词用法：
填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1.The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2.The way _________________he explained to us was quite simple.
which/that /不填
in which/that /不填
缺状语
缺宾语
考点 2：the way用做先行词
the way 做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语:
缺少主语或宾语:
引导词用which / that/ 不填(缺宾语时)
主语宾语都不缺:
引导词用in which / that / 不填
解题技巧
考点3：介词+关系词
1. Do you know the boy __ ____ your mother
is talking
2. I still remember the day ___ ____ I first got
to Paris.
to/with whom
with which
on which
3. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am
　not very familiar.
4. He gave me some novels _____ /______/ _____
I am not very familiar with.
which that 不填
3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.
As
which
难点一：as的用法
as\that\which
It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.
as
that
模拟训练 ：
1. He is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with______.
A. as; him B. that; /
C. as; / D. whom; him
2. Mrs. Black took the police back to____ place ____ she witnessed the robbery.
A. the same; as B. the same; where
C. the same ; that D. as the same; as
考点演化： He is such a lazy man that nobody wants to work with him .
结果状语从句
定语从句
1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
2. It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
让孩子们处在一个从不同角度看待自己的环境中是有帮助的。
1.where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是
表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
难点二： where的一些特殊用法1
解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
1. We should go to the place_____
we are most needed.
2. We should go to the place_____
needs us most.
A. it B. where C. that D. what
B
C
对比训练
1. It was October_____we met in
Damiao for the first time.
2. It was in October_____we met in
Damiao for the first time.
A. that B. which
C. when D. while
C
A
对比训练
1. He is such a good teacher_____
we all like him.
2. He is such a good teacher_____
we all like.
A. whom B. that C. as D. which
B
C
对比训练
1. Liu Jie is a student.
2. She is a girl.
3. She is 16.
4. Her dad is a teacher.
5. Her mother is a teacher, too.
6. She is our monitor.
7. She is very beautiful.
8. We all like her.
Liu Jie, a girl student of 16, whose parents are both teachers , is our monitor. She is very beautiful and we all like her.
Polish your composition
定语从句也不能滥用。如果能用简单句表达出来的东西就不用从句来表达。