Period Two Reading and Thinking—Language points
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.①infection ②infectious ③being infected ④(who were) infected with the virus ⑤infected all the listeners with
2.①to ②subscription ③捐款 ④订阅;订购 ⑤同意;认同
⑥you (should) subscribe to China Daily
3.①suspected ②suspicious ③have suspected ④are suspicious of ⑤being suspected of; Suspected of
4.①on ②Blamed ③for; to blame ④rather than blaming others ⑤was to blame for
5.①linking ②linked ③between ④is closely linked to/with
6.①by ②has decreased ③is increasing/on the increase
④has severely decreased; There has been a severe decrease
7.①to ②of ③Owing ④Thanks to them
8.①into ②transformations ③will be amazed at its great transformation ④that transformed my first Canada trip into an unforgettable memory
句型透视
1.①that ②whether ③that ④which ⑤What delighted me was that
2.①such; so; such ②so ③such ④was so happy to hear the news that ⑤such an appealing place that; so appealing a place thatPeriod Two Reading and Thinking—Language points
Ⅰ.1.severely 2.leading 3.infection 4.frustrated
5.were suspected 6.to handle 7.proof 8.contradictory
Ⅱ.1.are infected with 2.is closely linked to 3.Thanks to
4.was to blame for 5.once and for all 6.subscribe(d) to
7.on the decrease 8.be transformed into
Ⅲ.1.that they will bring in more advanced talents 2.have the customers’ goods delivered 3.were so severe/serious that 4.that are to blame for 5.there was a clear link between
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了9岁的女孩波比·威尔逊发明了一种杀虫剂,并且在家附近的树木上进行测试。此后,她的环保努力得到了认可。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“‘There’s a little black woman walking, spraying (喷洒) stuff on the sidewalks and trees on Elizabeth and Florence…’ he told the police. Her neighbour saw her spraying something on the sidewalks and trees and this made him worried. In the call to 911, he described the child as ‘a little black woman’.”可知,一个女孩在喷什么东西这件事让邻居报了警。故选B。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段“Bobbi’s 13-year-old sister, Hayden Wilson, also defended her, noting that Bobbi ‘was not only doing something amazing for our environment, but she was also doing something that made her feel like a hero’.”可知,海登·威尔逊对她妹妹的行为感到骄傲。故选B。
3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ann added that the organization praises volunteers for being ‘hands-on’ in their community.”可知,ANJEC看重那些能为他们的社区做一些实际的事情的人。故选D。
4.A 推理判断题。根据第二段“The fourth-grader had created her own insecticide(杀虫剂) to fight spotted lanternflies(斑衣蜡蝉). She came across the recipe on TikTok and had recently learned that the harmful species damages trees because they feed on their sap (树液). Bobbi was simply testing out her invention in her neighbourhood when the police call was made.”以及第三段“Luckily, what happened didn’t influence Bobbi’s spirit and has led to some positive experiences for her.”可推知,波比有创造力和决心。故选A。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了Louis Pasteur的生平、成就和贡献。
1.B 根据下文“…regarding the principles of vaccination (疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法).”可知,这些都是科学发现。故选B。 prediction预测; discovery发现;method方法;performance表演。
2.D 根据空后的“However, his parents…education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.”可推断,Pasteur家的经济条件并不好,也就是说预算很紧张。故选D。turn轮到的机会;schedule时间表;relationship关系;budget预算。
3.A 根据“…found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.”可推断,他的父母很重视教育,所以送他去他们能负担得起的最好的学校。故选A。value重视;overestimate过高估计; sharpen使尖锐; assign分配。
4.C 根据下文“When he realized that art was…to help him earn a living, he changed to…”可知,Pasteur对艺术有热情。故选C。 demand要求; temptation诱惑; passion热情; inspiration灵感。
5.B 根据上文可知,他家经济条件并不好,而根据常识可知,在当时靠艺术并不太可能谋生。故选B。unavoidable无法避免的; unlikely不可能的;unexpected意外的;uneventful太平无事的。
6.D 他意识到靠艺术不可能谋生时,他转向了化学。故选D。geography地理;arithmetic算术; politics政治;chemistry化学。
7.B 根据下文“…but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it.”以及“It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his…school.”可知,他并不是一个很聪明的学生。故选B。 considerate体贴的;intelligent聪明的;lifelong终身的;intimate亲密的。
8.A 根据“It took him three tries to pass the exam…”可知,他最终进入了自己想要进入的学校。故选A。desired渴望的;approved同意的;engaged忙于;varied多变的。
9.C 根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his…school.”以及下文“He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower…”可推测,他认为自己的成功源于自己的毅力。故选C。fame名声,名望;routine例行公事;perseverance毅力; blessing祝福。
10.B 根据空后的some of the most difficult scientific problems可推测,此处指解决一些最困难的科学问题。故选B。fundraise筹款;tackle处理;motivate激励; occupy占据。
11.D Pasteur早期的研究完全是自费的。故选D。overnight一夜之间的; joint联合的; monthly每月的;early早期的。
12.A 根据“…acted as his assistant in the lab.”可推测,他的妻子积极支持其工作。故选A。 actively积极地;objectively客观地;humbly谦卑地; nobly崇高地。
13.D 根据“As he became famous gradually…research positions at more great institutions.”可推测,随着他越来越出名,他可以在大机构担任研究职位。故选D。turn down拒绝;cope with处理;work out解决; take up从事。
14.C 根据空后的prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies可推测,此处指“找到”疾病的起因。故选C。 dedicate致力于;treat对待;find找到;commit犯罪,承诺。
15.A 根据“He was highly respected and won just about every award…”可推测,他几乎赢得了其所在领域存在的所有奖项。故选A。available可得到的,可使用的;memorable难忘的; favourable有利的;knowledgeable博学的。Period Two Reading and Thinking—Language points
1.infection n. (a disease in a part of your body that is caused by bacteria or a virus)感染;传染
(教材P2)The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. 另一种理论认为霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。
(1)infect vt. 使感染;传染
infect sb with… 使某人感染……;使某人充满……(的感情)
be/become infected with
感染上……,传染上……
(2)infected adj. 被感染的;受细菌污染
的;感染病菌的
(3)infectious adj. 传染的;传染性的
infectious disease 传染病
【佳句背诵】
A good teacher should be able to infect his students with his own keenness for his subject.
一个好教师应该能以自己对本学科的热爱来感染学生。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The importance of washing one’s hands before a meal is that it prevents (infect).
②Healthcare workers are at the risk of getting (infect) diseases because of their exposure to patients.
③Taking physical exercise regularly is an effective way to avoid (infect) with the flu.
◆完成句子
④With the joint efforts of scientists and medical staff, the number of people has significantly decreased.
在科学家和医护人员共同努力下,感染病毒的人数大幅下降。
⑤As he warmed to his subject, he
his own excitement.
当他兴致勃勃地谈论他的话题时,他激动的情绪感染了所有的听众。
2.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)
(教材P2) Snow subscribed to the second theory.
斯诺赞同第二种理论。
(1)subscribe to 同意,赞成;订阅,订购;定期捐款
subscribe for 认购(股份)
(2)subscription n. (报刊等的)订阅费;订
阅,订购; 捐款
subscriber n. 订阅人,订购者;定期捐款者,定期捐助者
【佳句背诵】
Many scientists subscribe to the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.
许多科学家赞同这样的观点,即是人类活动导致了全球变暖。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The rich man is said to have subscribed a large amount of money the collection for the hospital.
②By paying a monthly (subscribe) fee of $10.99, viewers could watch their favourite shows on demand.
◆一词多义
③The company advises us to subscribe 50 yuan to the relief fund.
④She decided to subscribe to the new streaming service for access to her favourite TV shows.
⑤He subscribed to the idea that hard work leads to success.
◆完成句子
⑥My recommendation is that , which not only provides you with the latest news both at home and abroad, but helps expand your English vocabulary.(应用文
写作之建议信)
我的建议是你订阅《中国日报》,它不仅为你提供国内外的最新消息,而且有助于扩大你的英语词汇量。
3.suspect v. (to be suspicious about sth; to not trust sth) 怀疑;疑有;不信任 n. (a person who is suspected of a crime or of having done sth wrong)犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
(教材P2) Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
(1)suspect sb of (doing) sth
怀疑某人(做)某事
(2)suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的,怀疑的;可疑的
be suspicious of 对……不信任, 对……怀疑
(3)suspected adj. 有嫌疑的,疑似……的
【佳句背诵】
No one knows what caused the outbreak of food poisoning, but shellfish is the main suspect.
没有人知道造成这起食物中毒事件的原因,但怀疑很可能是吃贝类食品造成的。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The young man, (suspect) of committing a crime, was arrested and interviewed by the police.
②When something good comes into your life, is your first reaction to be (suspect) of it
③Medical experts (suspect) for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer.
◆完成句子/句式改写
④Although most consumers
such offers, Colin wants to purchase the two-for-one vacation package.
尽管大多数消费者对这种优惠持怀疑态度,但科林还是想购买这个买一送一的度假套餐。
⑤The official is under investigation by the police for his taking government funds for himself. (suspect)
→ taking government funds for himself, the official is under investigation by the police. (用分词改写)
因为被怀疑为谋私利而挪用政府资金,这位官员正在接受警方调查。
4.blame v. (to think or say that sb/sth is responsible for sth bad) 把……归咎于,责怪,指责 n.(responsibility for doing sth badly or wrongly; saying that sb is responsible for sth) (坏事或错事的)责任,责备,指责
(教材P2) Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
(1)blame sb for (doing) sth
因(做了)某事而责备某人
blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for…)
(因……)应受责备,(为……)应承担责任
(2)bear/take/accept/shoulder the blame (for sth) (对某事)承担责任
【佳句背诵】
Don’t always blame your own failure on others. Sometimes you yourself are to blame.
不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人,有时候该怪你自己。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The police blamed the traffic accident Jack’s careless driving.
② (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
③Some people blame the smartphone the tragedy, yet in fact people’s weakening self-control and self-discipline are . (blame)
◆完成句子
④The lesson I have drawn from this experience is that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure can we succeed.(应用文写作之主题升华)
我从这次经历中得到的教训是,只有勇敢地为失败承担全部责任,而不是责怪他人,我们才能成功。
⑤The truth was that the polluted water rather than food and vegetables the outbreak of the disease.
事实上,是受污染的水而不是食物和蔬菜应为这种疾病的爆发负责任。
5.link n.联系;纽带 vt. (to make a connection between two or more people, things, or ideas)把……连接起来;相关联
(教材P3) Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外,斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。
(1)There is a link between…and…
……和……之间有联系。
(2)link…to/with… 把……和……连接/联系起来
be linked to/with… 与……有联系/有关
[温馨提示] 表示“联系”的短语:
be related to 与……有联系
be associated with 与……有关
be involved in 与……有关联
be connected with 与……有关系
【佳句背诵】
The highway being built will link the big city to/with this little town. 正在修建的公路将把那个大城市和这个小镇连接起来。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①By the 13th century the Grand Canal consisted of more than 2,000 km of artificial waterways,
(link) five of China’s main river basins.
②However, the trees are surrounded by some accommodation houses, with a footpath (link) to the beach.
③[2023·全国乙卷] It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link home and nature.
◆完成句子
④The above chart shows that the poor performance of many students at school their frequent use of smartphones.(应用文写作之陈述现象)
上述图表显示,许多学生在学校表现不佳与他们频繁使用智能手机密切相关。
6.decrease n. (the process of reducing sth or the amount that sth is reduced by) 减少,降低;减少量 v. (使大小、数量等)减少,减小,降低
(教材P3) Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
通过斯诺的不懈努力,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。
(1)a sharp/marked decrease in…
在……方面急剧/明显减少
on the decrease 在减少
(2)decrease to… 下降到……;减少到……
decrease by… 下降了……;减少了……
(3)increase v. & n. 增加
on the increase 在增加
[温馨提示] 在动词decrease/drop/fall/reduce“下降,减少”和increase/rise“增加,上升”之后,接介词by/to表示增减度。
【佳句背诵】
In some countries, birth rates are on the decrease/are decreasing to such an extent that the authorities have to encourage young parents to have more babies.
在一些国家,生育率正在不断下降,以至于政府不得不鼓励年轻的父母生更多的孩子。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The population growth rate decreased 1.4% last year, according to the report.
②Over the past decades, sea ice (decrease) in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
◆完成句子/一句多译
③The new law has come into effect, and the number of wild animals here
now.
新的法律已经生效,现在这里的野生动物的数量正在增加。
④在过去三十年中,非洲北部乍得湖的水量严重减少了。
→The amount of water in Lake Chad in northern Africa
in the last thirty years.(decrease. v.)
→
in the amount of water in Lake Chad in northern Africa in the last thirty years.(decrease. n.)
7.thanks to 幸亏;由于
(教材P3) Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.
幸运的是,由于约翰·斯诺的努力,我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。
due to 由于,因为
owing to 由于,因为
because of 由于,因为
on account of 由于
as a result of 作为……的结果,因为
as a consequence of/in consequence of
由于,因为
[温馨提示] due to/owing to/because of/thanks to
due to 用于较庄重的书面语中,侧重“起因于”,在句中多作表语,有时作状语。
owing to 可以和due to换用,但在句中多作状语,也可作表语。
because of 着重某个结果的原因,在句中通常作状语。
thanks to 突出一种感激之情,含“多亏”意味。
【佳句背诵】
Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.多亏了技术的进步,我们结交朋友及与朋友沟通的方式有了明显的变化。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Thanks e-mail, they had been corresponding with each other through their computers.
②She was forced to retire early from teaching because ill health.
③ (owe) to circumstances beyond our control, the flight to Rome has been cancelled.
◆完成句子
④[2020·全国新高考Ⅱ卷] , a family was saved from the fire. Grant and the policeman were honoured for their courage. (读后续写之主旨升华)
多亏了他们,一家人才从火灾中获救。格兰特和警察因他们的勇气而受到表彰。
8.transform vt. 使改观;使改变形态 vi. 改变;转变
(教材P3) Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.此外,通过使用地图和数据,斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
(1)transform…into… 把……转变成……
(2)transformation n. 转变;转换;改革;变形
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·全国乙卷] The Chinese coach transformed Douglas one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.
②[2023·北京卷] Indeed, when it comes to environmental (transform), we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”.
◆完成句子
③I warmly invite you to come and visit my hometown again. I believe you
. (应用文写作之邀请信)
我热情地邀请你再次来参观我的家乡,我相信你会对它的巨大变化感到惊讶。
④It was your generous help and kindness
.
正是你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一个难忘的回忆。(应用文写作之感谢信)
1.(教材P2)One theory was that bad air caused the disease.一种理论认为是糟糕的空气引起了这种疾病。
(教材P3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. 真相是来自宽街水泵的水已经被废物污染了。
that引导的表语从句
句型公式
【句式点拨】
以上两句都是复合句,都属于“主语+系动词+表语从句”的结构,即“名词+be (is/was/are/were)+表语从句”。其中的表语从句解释说明主语的含义或内容;常用来作主语的名词有advice,answer,conclusion,decision,expectation,explanation,evidence,fact,hope,idea,information, news,possibility,problem,promise,report,solution,suggestion,truth,wish等。
【相关拓展】
(1)表语从句放在系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。
(2)引导表语从句的有:从属连词that, whether;连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which;连接副词when, where, how, why;其他连接词 as if, as though, because。
(3)that和what都可引导表语从句,其中that是从属连词,只起连接作用,不在从句中充当任何成分;what是连接代词,在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①One of the reasons why Charles Dickens loved his novel David Copperfield was it was based on his own life.
②All the people have incredible ideas to share, but what matters is we’re able to carry them out.
③The truth is we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world.
④There are three roads ahead. What I want to know is one we should take.
◆完成句子
⑤ they fully enjoyed their performance without getting into a panic, winning storms of cheers and applause.(读后续写之场景描写)
让我高兴的是,他们完全享受了自己的表演,没有惊慌失措,结果赢得了阵阵欢呼和掌声。
2.(教材P2)He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现,霍乱的爆发在两条街道上尤为严重,以至于十天内就有500多人死亡。
so…that…引导结果状语从句
句型公式
【句式点拨】
句中so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。
【相关拓展】
(1)so+that…
(2)such+that…
[温馨提示]
(1)little表示“少”时用so修饰,但表示“小”时用such修饰。如:
There is so little time left that we must hurry.
时间不多了,我们必须快一点。
They are such little children that they can’t understand it. 他们是这么小的孩子,他们无法理解这件事。
(2)在“so…that…”和“such…that…”结构中,当“so/such”置于句首时,其所在的句子要用部分倒装。如:
I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.
→So nervous was I that I could hardly tell which direction was left.
我太紧张了,几乎分不清哪个方向是左。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
① You can’t imagine little birds can eat many insects in a short time.
②When the football fans saw Beckham, they got excited that they cried out.
③There was a heavy fog that one couldn’t see further than five metres.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④ [2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] I I immediately shared it with my teacher.
听到这个消息我高兴得立即和老师分享了它。
⑤[2022·浙江6月考应用文写作] 自习室是一个非常吸引人的地方,许多学生会聚集在那里进一步提高他们的学习成绩。
→The self-study room is many students will gather there to further improve their academic performance.(such)
→The self-study room is many students will gather there to further improve their academic performance.(so) Period Two Reading and Thinking—Language points
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Jack was so (severe) injured in the accident that he could not walk by himself.
2.In the early 19th century, cholera broke out in Europe, (lead) to millions of deaths.
3.The patient had to have one of his legs removed because of (infect).
4.When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel disappointed and (frustrate).
5.At first, we (suspect), but we finally convinced them of our honesty.
6.With many tasks (handle), Tom is not available for our party at present.
7.There is convincing (prove) that skin cancer is linked to exposure to the sun.
8.The witnesses gave us two completely (contradict) descriptions.
●Ⅱ 短语填空
1.Avoid close contact with anyone with a cold or flu-like symptoms in case you (感染) the virus.
2.Reading at grade level when kids are young (与……息息相关) how well they will do in school later.
3. (幸亏,由于) their great teamwork, the project was completed on time.
4.It was the professor that (因……而应受责备) what had happened in the lab.
5.We’re going to look into the root cause of the failure and get it resolved (最终地,彻底地).
6.All the people present (赞同) the proposal put forward by the chairman.
7.To our relief, the number of people who are smoking is (在减少).
8.In different temperatures, substances can (被转换成) another state.
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1.One of their plans is
.(表语从句)
他们的计划之一是要引进更多的高级人才。
2.Our company is sure to to every destination safely.(have sth done)
我们公司一定会把客户的货物安全地送到每一个目的地。
3.His burns he died before reaching the hospital. (so…that…)
他的烧伤非常严重,以至于他还没到医院就去世了。
4.There is no doubt that it is human activities the worsening environment. (blame)
毫无疑问,人类活动应该对环境的恶化负责任。
5.The research team explained that loneliness and an increased risk of cancer. (there be)
研究团队解释说,孤独和不断增长的癌症风险之间有明显的联系。
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
“There’s a little black woman walking, spraying(喷洒) stuff on the sidewalks and trees on Elizabeth and Florence…” he told the police. Her neighbour saw her spraying something on the sidewalks and trees and this made him worried. In the call to 911, he described the child as “a little black woman”.
Well, the “little black woman” was actually 9-year-old Bobbi Wilson, a young scientist. The fourth-grader had created her own insecticide(杀虫剂) to fight spotted lanternflies(斑衣蜡蝉). She came across the recipe on TikTok and had recently learned that the harmful species damages trees because they feed on their sap(树液). Bobbi was simply testing out her invention in her neighbourhood when the police call was made.
“That’s her thing,” her mother Monique Joseph said. “She’s going to kill the lanternflies, especially if they’re in a tree. That’s what she’s going to do.” Bobbi’s 13-year-old sister, Hayden Wilson, also defended her, noting that Bobbi “was not only doing something amazing for our environment, but she was also doing something that made her feel like a hero”. Luckily, what happened didn’t influence Bobbi’s spirit and has led to some positive experiences for her.
She has since been recognized by several organizations for her environmental efforts. She has also been invited on special tours. One took place at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. Another was given by the United States Department of Agriculture of New Jersey at a plant where they discussed lanternflies. But that’s not where her recognition ends! The Association of New Jersey Environmental Commissions (ANJEC) honoured Bobbi with their Sustainability Award for her work to save trees and fight lanternflies.
“We were excited that she was doing that,” Ann Marchioni of the ANJEC said. Ann added that the organization praises volunteers for being “hands-on” in their community. In addition to the award, she and her family got to visit with a group of black female scientists at Yale University. They showed her various labs and even invited her to donate lanternfly specimens (标本) for the university’s work.
( )1.What made the neighbour call the police
A.A girl climbing trees.
B.A girl spraying something.
C.A girl littering the sidewalks.
D.A girl testing something dangerous.
( )2.How did Hayden Wilson feel about her sister’s behaviour
A.Ashamed. B.Proud.
C.Shocked. D.Relieved.
( )3.What kind of volunteers does ANJEC think highly of
A.Those whose donations help ANJEC.
B.Those who can do something creative in their university.
C.Those whose environmental awareness is quite impressive.
D.Those who can do something practical in their community.
( )4.Which of the following would best describe Bobbi
A.Creative and determined.
B.Watchful and serious.
C.Friendly and generous.
D.Talkative and strict.
●Ⅴ 完形填空
[2024·辽宁丹东高二期末教学质量监测]
Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, France, into a poor family. The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific 1 regarding the principles of vaccination (疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法).
The family was on a very tight 2 . However, his parents 3 education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford. Pasteur had a(n) 4 for painting and drawing. When he realized that art was 5 to help him earn a living, he changed to 6 .
He was not a(n) 7 student, but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it. It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his 8 school. Later, he owed his success to his 9 . He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower in 10 some of the most difficult scientific problems.
Pasteur’s 11 research was completely self-funded. His wife, Marie, 12 supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab.
As he became famous gradually, he was able to 13 research positions at more great institutions. Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to 14 and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies.
He was highly respected and won just about every award 15 in his field. As a consequence, Pasteur greatly advanced the science of his day.
( )1.A.predictions B.discoveries
C.methods D.performances
( )2.A.turn B.schedule
C.relationship D.budget
( )3.A.valued B.overestimated
C.sharpened D.assigned
( )4.A.demand B.temptation
C.passion D.inspiration
( )5.A.unavoidable B.unlikely
C.unexpected D.uneventful
( )6.A.geography B.arithmetic
C.politics D.chemistry
( )7.A.considerate B.intelligent
C.lifelong D.intimate
( )8.A.desired B.approved
C.engaged D.varied
( )9.A.fame B.routine
C.perseverance D.blessing
( )10.A.fundraising B.tackling
C.motivating D.occupying
( )11.A.overnight B.joint
C.monthly D.early
( )12.A.actively B.objectively
C.humbly D.nobly
( )13.A.turn down B.cope with
C.work out D.take up
( )14.A.dedicate B.treat
C.find D.commit
( )15.A.available B.memorable
C.favourable D.knowledgeable(共80张PPT)
Period Two
Reading and Thinking—Language points
语言知识梳理
练习册
1.infection n. (a disease in a part of your body that is caused by
bacteria or a virus)感染;传染
(教材P2)The other was that cholera was caused by an infection
from germs in food or water. 另一种理论认为霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌
感染引起的。
(1)infect vt. 使感染;传染
infect sb with… 使某人感染……;使某人充满……(的感情)
be/become infected with 感染上……,传染上……
(2)infected adj. 被感染的;受细菌污染的;感染病菌的
(3)infectious adj. 传染的;传染性的
infectious disease 传染病
【佳句背诵】
A good teacher should be able to infect his students with his own
keenness for his subject.
一个好教师应该能以自己对本学科的热爱来感染学生。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The importance of washing one's hands before a meal is that it
prevents ____________ (infect).
②Healthcare workers are at the risk of getting _____________ (infect)
diseases because of their exposure to patients.
③Taking physical exercise regularly is an effective way to
avoid___________________ (infect) with the flu.
infection
infectious
being infected
◆完成句子
④With the joint efforts of scientists and medical staff, the number
of people ___________________________________________ has
significantly decreased.
在科学家和医护人员共同努力下，感染病毒的人数大幅下降。
(who were) infected with the virus
⑤As he warmed to his subject, he ________________________________
_____ his own excitement.
当他兴致勃勃地谈论他的话题时,他激动的情绪感染了所有的听众。
infected all the listeners with
2.subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
(教材P2) Snow subscribed to the second theory.
斯诺赞同第二种理论。
(1)subscribe to 同意,赞成;订阅,订购;定期捐款
subscribe for 认购(股份)
(2)subscription n. (报刊等的)订阅费;订阅,订购; 捐款
subscriber n. 订阅人,订购者;定期捐款者,定期捐助者
【佳句背诵】
Many scientists subscribe to the view that it is human activity that
has caused global warming.
许多科学家赞同这样的观点,即是人类活动导致了全球变暖。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The rich man is said to have subscribed a large amount of
money ____ the collection for the hospital.
②By paying a monthly ________________ (subscribe) fee of $10.99,
viewers could watch their favourite shows on demand.
to
subscription
◆一词多义
③The company advises us to subscribe 50 yuan to the relief fund.
_______
捐款
④She decided to subscribe to the new streaming service for access
to her favourite TV shows._______________
订阅；订购
⑤He subscribed to the idea that hard work leads to
success.______________
同意；认同
◆完成句子
⑥My recommendation is that _____________________________________
______________, which not only provides you with the latest news
both at home and abroad, but helps expand your English
vocabulary.(应用文写作之建议信)
我的建议是你订阅《中国日报》，它不仅为你提供国内外的最新消息，而且有
助于扩大你的英语词汇量。
you (should) subscribe to China Daily
3.suspect v. (to be suspicious about sth; to not trust sth) 怀疑；疑
有；不信任 n. (a person who is suspected of a crime or of having
done sth wrong)犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
(教材P2) Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺
怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
(1)suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做)某事
(2)suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的,怀疑的;可疑的
be suspicious of 对……不信任, 对……怀疑
(3)suspected adj. 有嫌疑的,疑似……的
【佳句背诵】
No one knows what caused the outbreak of food poisoning, but
shellfish is the main suspect.
没有人知道造成这起食物中毒事件的原因，但怀疑很可能是吃贝类食品造成的。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The young man, _____________ (suspect) of committing a crime,
was arrested and interviewed by the police.
②When something good comes into your life, is your first reaction
to be ______________ (suspect) of it
③Medical experts ____________________ (suspect) for many years
that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer.
suspected
suspicious
have suspected
◆完成句子/句式改写
④Although most consumers ______________________such offers, Colin
wants to purchase the two-for-one vacation package.
尽管大多数消费者对这种优惠持怀疑态度，但科林还是想购买这个买一送一的
度假套餐。
are suspicious of
⑤The official is under investigation by the police for his
_________________________ taking government funds for himself.
(suspect)
→_________________taking government funds for himself, the official
is under investigation by the police. (用分词改写)
因为被怀疑为谋私利而挪用政府资金,这位官员正在接受警方调查。
being suspected of
Suspected of
4.blame v. (to think or say that sb/sth is responsible for sth bad)
把……归咎于,责怪,指责 n.(responsibility for doing sth badly or
wrongly; saying that sb is responsible for sth) (坏事或错事的)责任,责
备,指责
(教材P2) Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺
怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
(1)blame sb for (doing) sth 因(做了)某事而责备某人
blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for…) (因……)应受责备,
(为……)应承担责任
(2)bear/take/accept/shoulder the blame (for sth) (对某事)承担责任
【佳句背诵】
Don't always blame your own failure on others. Sometimes you
yourself are to blame.
不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人,有时候该怪你自己。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The police blamed the traffic accident _____ Jack's careless
driving.
②__________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer
network, Alice was in low spirits.
on
Blamed
③Some people blame the smartphone _____ the tragedy, yet in
fact people's weakening self-control and self-discipline are
____________. (blame)
for
to blame
◆完成句子
④The lesson I have drawn from this experience is that only by
bravely taking full responsibility for
failure__________________________________ can we succeed.(应用文写作
之主题升华)
我从这次经历中得到的教训是，只有勇敢地为失败承担全部责任，而不是责怪
他人，我们才能成功。
rather than blaming others
⑤The truth was that the polluted water rather than food and
vegetables ______________________ the outbreak of the disease.
事实上,是受污染的水而不是食物和蔬菜应为这种疾病的爆发负责任。
was to blame for
5.link n.联系;纽带 vt. (to make a connection between two or more
people, things, or ideas)把……连接起来;相关联
(教材P3) Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between
other cases of cholera and the different water companies in
London.
此外,斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。
(1)There is a link between…and… ……和……之间有联系。
(2)link…to/with… 把……和……连接/联系起来
be linked to/with… 与……有联系/有关
［温馨提示］ 表示“联系”的短语:
be related to 与……有联系
be associated with 与……有关
be involved in 与……有关联
be connected with 与……有关系
【佳句背诵】
The highway being built will link the big city to/with this little
town. 正在修建的公路将把那个大城市和这个小镇连接起来。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①By the 13th century the Grand Canal consisted of more than
2,000 km of artificial waterways,_________(link) five of China's main
river basins.
linking
②However, the trees are surrounded by some accommodation
houses, with a footpath _________ (link) to the beach.
linked
③[2023·全国乙卷] It can bring a new interest and focus into
people's lives and help to make the link ____________home and
nature.
between
◆完成句子
④The above chart shows that the poor performance of many
students at school ______________________________ their frequent use
of smartphones.(应用文写作之陈述现象)
上述图表显示，许多学生在学校表现不佳与他们频繁使用智能手机密切相关。
is closely linked to/with
6.decrease n. (the process of reducing sth or the amount that sth
is reduced by) 减少,降低；减少量 v. (使大小、数量等)减少,减小,降低
(教材P3) Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to
sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a
substantial decrease.
通过斯诺的不懈努力,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。
(1)a sharp/marked decrease in… 在……方面急剧/明显减少
on the decrease 在减少
(2)decrease to… 下降到……;减少到……
decrease by… 下降了……;减少了……
(3)increase v. & n. 增加
on the increase 在增加
［温馨提示］ 在动词decrease/drop/fall/reduce“下降,减少”和
increase/rise“增加,上升”之后,接介词by/to表示增减度。
【佳句背诵】
In some countries, birth rates are on the decrease/are decreasing
to such an extent that the authorities have to encourage young
parents to have more babies.
在一些国家,生育率正在不断下降,以至于政府不得不鼓励年轻的父母生更多的
孩子。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The population growth rate decreased _____ 1.4% last year,
according to the report.
②Over the past decades, sea ice___________________ (decrease) in
the Arctic as a result of global warming.
by
has decreased
◆完成句子/一句多译
③The new law has come into effect, and the number of wild
animals here ____________________________________now.
新的法律已经生效,现在这里的野生动物的数量正在增加。
is increasing/on the increase
④在过去三十年中，非洲北部乍得湖的水量严重减少了。
→The amount of water in Lake Chad in northern Africa
_____________________________in the last thirty years.(decrease. v.)
→___________________________________________in the amount of
water in Lake Chad in northern Africa in the last thirty
years.(decrease. n.)
has severely decreased
There has been a severe decrease
7.thanks to幸亏;由于
(教材P3) Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks
to the work of John Snow.
幸运的是,由于约翰·斯诺的努力,我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。
due to 由于,因为
owing to 由于,因为
because of 由于,因为
on account of 由于
as a result of 作为……的结果,因为
as a consequence of/in consequence of 由于,因为
［温馨提示］ due to/owing to/because of/thanks to
due to 用于较庄重的书面语中,侧重“起因于”,在句中多
作表语,有时作状语。
owing to 可以和due to换用,但在句中多作状语,也可作表语。
because of 着重某个结果的原因,在句中通常作状语。
thanks to 突出一种感激之情,含“多亏”意味。
【佳句背诵】
Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and
communicate with them has changed significantly.多亏了技术的进步,
我们结交朋友及与朋友沟通的方式有了明显的变化。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Thanks ____ e-mail, they had been corresponding with each other
through their computers.
②She was forced to retire early from teaching because ____ ill
health.
③_________ (owe) to circumstances beyond our control, the flight
to Rome has been cancelled.
to
of
Owing
◆完成句子
④[2020·全国新高考Ⅱ卷] _____________________, a family was saved
from the fire. Grant and the policeman were honoured for their
courage. (读后续写之主旨升华)
多亏了他们,一家人才从火灾中获救。格兰特和警察因他们的勇气而受到表彰。
Thanks to them
8.transform vt. 使改观;使改变形态 vi. 改变;转变
(教材P3) Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow
transformed the way scientists study diseases.此外,通过使用地图和数
据,斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
(1)transform…into… 把……转变成……
(2)transformation n. 转变;转换;改革;变形
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·全国乙卷] The Chinese coach transformed Douglas ______
one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from
an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.
into
②[2023·北京卷] Indeed, when it comes to environmental
____________________ (transform), we can develop a form of
collective “poor memory”.
transformations
◆完成句子
③I warmly invite you to come and visit my hometown again. I
believe you _____________________________________________________.
(应用文写作之邀请信)
我热情地邀请你再次来参观我的家乡，我相信你会对它的巨大变化感到惊讶。
will be amazed at its great transformation
④It was your generous help and kindness _________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
正是你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一个难忘的回忆。
(应用文写作之感谢信)
that transformed my first Canada trip into an unforgettable memory
1.(教材P2)One theory was that bad air caused the disease.一种理
论认为是糟糕的空气引起了这种疾病。
(教材P3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street
pump had been infected by waste. 真相是来自宽街水泵的水已经被废
物污染了。
句型公式
that引导的表语从句
【句式点拨】
以上两句都是复合句,都属于“主语+系动词+表语从句”的结构,即“名词+be
(is/was/are/were)+表语从句”。其中的表语从句解释说明主语的含义或内容;
常用来作主语的名词有advice,answer,conclusion,decision,expectation,
explanation,evidence,fact,hope,idea,information,news,possibility,
problem,promise,report,solution,suggestion,truth,wish等。
【相关拓展】
(1)表语从句放在系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。可接表语从句的连系动词
有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。
(2)引导表语从句的有:从属连词that, whether;连接代词what, who, whom,
whose, which;连接副词when, where, how, why;其他连接词 as if, as
though, because。
(3)that和what都可引导表语从句,其中that是从属连词,只起连接作用,不在从句
中充当任何成分;what是连接代词,在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①One of the reasons why Charles Dickens loved his novel David
Copperfield was ______ it was based on his own life.
②All the people have incredible ideas to share, but what matters is
___________ we're able to carry them out.
that
whether
③The truth is______we are lucky enough to have clean water
whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people
around the world.
that
④There are three roads ahead. What I want to know is ________
one we should take.
which
◆完成句子
⑤____________________________________ they fully enjoyed their
performance without getting into a panic, winning storms of cheers
and applause.(读后续写之场景描写)
让我高兴的是，他们完全享受了自己的表演，没有惊慌失措，结果赢得了阵阵
欢呼和掌声。
What delighted me was that
2.(教材P2)He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera
outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten
days. 他发现,霍乱的爆发在两条街道上尤为严重,以至于十天内就有500多人
死亡。
句型公式
so…that…引导结果状语从句
【句式点拨】
句中so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。
【相关拓展】
adj.或adv.
adj.+a(n)+可数名词单数
many/few+可数名词复数
much/little+不可数名词
+that…
(1)so
a(n)+adj.+可数名词单数
adj.+不可数名词
adj.+可数名词复数
+that…
(2)such
［温馨提示］
(1)little表示“少”时用so修饰,但表示“小”时用such修饰。如:
There is so little time left that we must hurry.
时间不多了,我们必须快一点。
They are such little children that they can't understand it.
他们是这么小的孩子,他们无法理解这件事。
(2)在“so…that…”和“such…that…”结构中,当“so/such”置于句首时,其
所在的句子要用部分倒装。如:
I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.
→So nervous was I that I could hardly tell which direction was left.
我太紧张了,几乎分不清哪个方向是左。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①You can't imagine_______ little birds can eat ____ many insects in
_______ a short time.
②When the football fans saw Beckham, they got ____ excited that
they cried out.
③There was _______a heavy fog that one couldn't see further than
five metres.
such
so
such
so
such
◆完成句子/一句多译
④[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] I ___________________________________
____________ I immediately shared it with my teacher.
听到这个消息我高兴得立即和老师分享了它。
was so happy to hear the news that
⑤[2022·浙江6月考应用文写作] 自习室是一个非常吸引人的地方，许多学生
会聚集在那里进一步提高他们的学习成绩。
→The self-study room is _____________________________________
many students will gather there to further improve their academic
performance.(such)
→The self-study room is _________________________________ many
students will gather there to further improve their academic
performance.(so)
such an appealing place that
so appealing a place that
练 习 册
Ⅰ单句填空
1.Jack was so ___________ (severe) injured in the accident that he
could not walk by himself.
severely
2.In the early 19th century, cholera broke out in Europe,
__________(lead) to millions of deaths.
leading
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3.The patient had to have one of his legs removed because
of____________(infect).
infection
4.When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel disappointed and
_____________(frustrate).
frustrated
5.At first, we ____________________(suspect), but we finally convinced
them of our honesty.
were suspected
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6.With many tasks _____________(handle), Tom is not available for
our party at present.
to handle
7.There is convincing ________(prove) that skin cancer is linked to
exposure to the sun.
proof
8.The witnesses gave us two completely _________________
(contradict) descriptions.
contradictory
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Ⅱ短语填空
1.Avoid close contact with anyone with a cold or flu-like symptoms
in case you ______________________(感染) the virus.
are infected with
2.Reading at grade level when kids are young
________________________(与……息息相关) how well they will do in
school later.
is closely linked to
3._____________ (幸亏,由于) their great teamwork, the project was
completed on time.
Thanks to
4.It was the professor that______________________(因……而应受责备)
what had happened in the lab.
was to blame for
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5.We're going to look into the root cause of the failure and get it
resolved _____________________(最终地,彻底地).
once and for all
6.All the people present ___________________ (赞同) the proposal put
forward by the chairman.
subscribe(d) to
7.To our relief, the number of people who are smoking is
_____________________ (在减少).
on the decrease
8.In different temperatures, substances can ________________________
_____ (被转换成) another state.
be transformed into
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Ⅲ句型训练
1.One of their plans is ____________________________________________
_____________________.(表语从句)
他们的计划之一是要引进更多的高级人才。
that they will bring in more advanced talents
2.Our company is sure to _________________________________________
___________to every destination safely.(have sth done)
我们公司一定会把客户的货物安全地送到每一个目的地。
have the customers' goods delivered
3.His burns ___________________________________he died before
reaching the hospital. (so…that…)
他的烧伤非常严重,以至于他还没到医院就去世了。
were so severe/serious that
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4.There is no doubt that it is human activities
____________________________the worsening environment. (blame)
毫无疑问,人类活动应该对环境的恶化负责任。
that are to blame for
5.The research team explained that ________________________________
__________ loneliness and an increased risk of cancer. (there be)
研究团队解释说,孤独和不断增长的癌症风险之间有明显的联系。
there was a clear link between
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Ⅳ阅读理解
“There's a little black woman walking, spraying(喷洒) stuff on
the sidewalks and trees on Elizabeth and Florence…” he told the
police. Her neighbour saw her spraying something on the sidewalks
and trees and this made him worried. In the call to 911, he
described the child as “a little black woman”.
Well, the “little black woman” was actually 9-year-old Bobbi
Wilson, a young scientist. The fourth-grader had created her own
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insecticide(杀虫剂) to fight spotted lanternflies(斑衣蜡蝉). She came
across the recipe on TikTok and had recently learned that the
harmful species damages trees because they feed on their sap
(树液). Bobbi was simply testing out her invention in her
neighbourhood when the police call was made.
“That's her thing,” her mother Monique Joseph said. “She's
going to kill the lanternflies, especially if they're in a tree. That's
what she's going to do.” Bobbi's 13-year-old sister, Hayden Wilson,
also defended her, noting that Bobbi “was not only doing
something amazing for our environment, but she was also doing
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something that made her feel like a hero”. Luckily, what happened
didn't influence Bobbi's spirit and has led to some positive
experiences for her.
She has since been recognized by several organizations for her
environmental efforts. She has also been invited on special tours.
One took place at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory.
Another was given by the United States Department of Agriculture
of New Jersey at a plant where they discussed lanternflies. But
that's not where her recognition ends! The Association of New
Jersey Environmental Commissions (ANJEC) honoured Bobbi with
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their Sustainability Award for her work to save trees and fight
lanternflies.
“We were excited that she was doing that,” Ann Marchioni of
the ANJEC said. Ann added that the organization praises volunteers
for being “hands-on” in their community. In addition to the
award, she and her family got to visit with a group of black
female scientists at Yale University. They showed her various labs
and even invited her to donate lanternfly specimens (标本) for the
university's work.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了9岁的女孩波比·威尔逊发明了一
种杀虫剂，并且在家附近的树木上进行测试。此后，她的环保努力得到了认可。
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( ) 1.What made the neighbour call the police
B
A.A girl climbing trees.
B.A girl spraying something.
C.A girl littering the sidewalks.
D.A girl testing something dangerous.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段“‘There's a little black woman
walking, spraying (喷洒) stuff on the sidewalks and trees on
Elizabeth and Florence…’ he told the police. Her neighbour saw
her spraying something on the sidewalks and trees and this made
him worried. In the call to 911, he described the child as ‘a little
black woman’.”可知,一个女孩在喷什么东西这件事让邻居报了警。故选B。
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( ) 2.How did Hayden Wilson feel about her sister's behaviour
B
A.Ashamed. B.Proud. C.Shocked. D.Relieved.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段“Bobbi's 13-year-old sister, Hayden
Wilson, also defended her, noting that Bobbi ‘was not only doing
something amazing for our environment, but she was also doing
something that made her feel like a hero’.”可知，海登·威尔逊对她妹
妹的行为感到骄傲。故选B。
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( ) 3.What kind of volunteers does ANJEC think highly of
D
A.Those whose donations help ANJEC.
B.Those who can do something creative in their university.
C.Those whose environmental awareness is quite impressive.
D.Those who can do something practical in their community.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ann added that the organization
praises volunteers for being ‘hands-on’ in their community.”可知，
ANJEC看重那些能为他们的社区做一些实际的事情的人。故选D。
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( ) 4.Which of the following would best describe Bobbi
A
A.Creative and determined. B.Watchful and serious.
C.Friendly and generous. D.Talkative and strict.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段“The fourth-grader had created her
own insecticide(杀虫剂) to fight spotted lanternflies(斑衣蜡蝉). She
came across the recipe on TikTok and had recently learned that the
harmful species damages trees because they feed on their sap
(树液). Bobbi was simply testing out her invention in her
neighbourhood when the police call was made.”以及第三段“Luckily,
what happened didn't influence Bobbi's spirit and has led to some
positive experiences for her.”可推知，波比有创造力和决心。故选A。
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Ⅴ完形填空
[2024·辽宁丹东高二期末教学质量监测]
Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, France,
into a poor family. The French chemist and microbiologist made
remarkable scientific . .1. . regarding the principles of vaccination
(疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法).
The family was on a very tight . .2. .. However, his parents . .3. .
education and found support to send him to the best schools they
could afford. Pasteur had a(n) . .4. . for painting and drawing. When
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he realized that art was . .5. . to help him earn a living, he changed
to . .6. ..
He was not a(n) . .7. . student, but he worked very hard once he
put his mind to it. It took him three tries to pass the exam to get
into his . .8. . school. Later, he owed his success to his . .9. .. He
impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower
in . .10. . some of the most difficult scientific problems.
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Pasteur's. .11. .research was completely self-funded. His wife,
Marie, . .12. . supported his work and acted as his assistant in the
lab.
As he became famous gradually, he was able to . .13. . research
positions at more great institutions. Eventually, he was able to
establish the Pasteur Institute to . .14. . and prevent the causes of
disease, particularly rabies.
He was highly respected and won just about every award . .15. .
in his field. As a consequence, Pasteur greatly advanced the science
of his day.
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了Louis Pasteur的生平、
成就和贡献。
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( ) 1.A.predictions B.discoveries C.methods D.performances
B
[解析] 根据下文“…regarding the principles of vaccination (疫苗接种),
microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法).”可知，这些
都是科学发现。故选B。 prediction预测； discovery发现；method方法；
performance表演。
( ) 2.A.turn B.schedule C.relationship D.budget
D
[解析] 根据空后的“However, his parents…education and found
support to send him to the best schools they could afford.”可推断，
Pasteur家的经济条件并不好，也就是说预算很紧张。故选D。turn轮到的机
会；schedule时间表；relationship关系；budget预算。
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( ) 3.A.valued B.overestimated
C.sharpened D.assigned
A
[解析] 根据“…found support to send him to the best schools they
could afford.”可推断，他的父母很重视教育，所以送他去他们能负担得起的
最好的学校。故选A。value重视；overestimate过高估计； sharpen使尖锐；
assign分配。
( ) 4.A.demand B.temptation C.passion D.inspiration
C
[解析] 根据下文“When he realized that art was…to help him earn a
living, he changed to…”可知，Pasteur对艺术有热情。故选C。 demand
要求； temptation诱惑； passion热情； inspiration灵感。
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( ) 5.A.unavoidable B.unlikely C.unexpected D.uneventful
B
[解析] 根据上文可知，他家经济条件并不好，而根据常识可知，在当时靠艺
术并不太可能谋生。故选B。unavoidable无法避免的； unlikely不可能的；
unexpected意外的；uneventful太平无事的。
( ) 6.A.geography B.arithmetic C.politics D.chemistry
D
[解析] 他意识到靠艺术不可能谋生时，他转向了化学。故选D。geography
地理；arithmetic算术； politics政治；chemistry化学。
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( ) 7.A.considerate B.intelligent C.lifelong D.intimate
B
[解析] 根据下文“…but he worked very hard once he put his mind
to it.”以及“It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into
his…school.”可知，他并不是一个很聪明的学生。故选B。 considerate体贴
的；intelligent聪明的；lifelong终身的；intimate亲密的。
( ) 8.A.desired B.approved C.engaged D.varied
A
[解析] 根据“It took him three tries to pass the exam…”可知，他最
终进入了自己想要进入的学校。故选A。desired渴望的；approved同意的；
engaged忙于；varied多变的。
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( ) 9.A.fame B.routine C.perseverance D.blessing
C
[解析] 根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam to get
into his…school.”以及下文“He impressed senior scientists with his
hard work and willpower…”可推测，他认为自己的成功源于自己的毅力。
故选C。fame名声，名望；routine例行公事；perseverance毅力；
blessing祝福。
( ) 10.A.fundraising B.tackling C.motivating D.occupying
B
[解析] 根据空后的some of the most difficult scientific problems可推测，
此处指解决一些最困难的科学问题。故选B。fundraise筹款；tackle处理；
motivate激励； occupy占据。
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( ) 11.A.overnight B.joint C.monthly D.early
D
[解析] Pasteur早期的研究完全是自费的。故选D。overnight一夜之间的；
joint联合的； monthly每月的；early早期的。
( ) 12.A.actively B.objectively C.humbly D.nobly
A
[解析] 根据“…acted as his assistant in the lab.”可推测，他的妻子积
极支持其工作。故选A。 actively积极地；objectively客观地；humbly谦卑
地； nobly崇高地。
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( ) 13.A.turn down B.cope with C.work out D.take up
D
[解析] 根据“As he became famous gradually…research positions at
more great institutions.”可推测，随着他越来越出名，他可以在大机构担
任研究职位。故选D。turn down拒绝；cope with处理；work out解决；
take up从事。
( ) 14.A.dedicate B.treat C.find D.commit
C
[解析] 根据空后的prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies可
推测，此处指“找到”疾病的起因。故选C。 dedicate致力于；treat对待；
find找到；commit犯罪，承诺。
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( ) 15.A.available B.memorable
C.favourable D.knowledgeable
A
[解析] 根据“He was highly respected and won just about every
award…”可推测，他几乎赢得了其所在领域存在的所有奖项。故选A。
available可得到的，可使用的；memorable难忘的； favourable有利的；
knowledgeable博学的。
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