Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
语法归纳
【归纳用法】
1.be; 表语从句
2.主语+系动词+表语从句
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.because 2.where 3.whether 4.why 5.when 6.whether 7.what 8.where 9.that 10.how
●Ⅱ 1.whether you have adapted to the university life
2.as if it has gone bad
3.not where you were born, but what you are doing in your life
4.that schools (should) make efforts to raise the health awareness of students
5.why she always has so many crazy ideasPeriod Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
Ⅰ.1.that 2.whether 3.what 4.where 5.when
6.where 7.because 8.why 9.that 10.that
Ⅱ.1.that he had been promoted to 2.It is team spirit that 3.when you should lay it down 4.not that he didn’t want to attend but that he had to take care of
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大雁塔的历史。
1.located 考查非谓语动词。动词locate和wonder之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,故填located。
2.Originally 考查副词。空处修饰动词built,应用副词形式,首字母应大写,故填Originally。
3.was ordered 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。结合空后的by Emperor Gaozong可知,主语construction和动词order之间是被动关系,且句子描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语表示单数意义,故填was ordered。
4.into 考查介词。the translation of…into…“……到……的翻译”,为固定搭配,故填into。
5.height 考查名词。结合空前的a可知,空处应填名词作宾语,故填height。
6.which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是tower,应用关系代词which引导,故填which。
7.reflecting 考查非谓语动词。动词reflect和逻辑主语each storey之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填reflecting。
8.views 考查名词复数。句意:游客可以登上内部楼梯到达顶部,欣赏城市的壮丽景色。view“风景”,可数名词,此处应用复数形式,故填views。
9.or 考查连词。whether…or…“无论……还是……”,固定短语,故填or。
10.an 考查冠词。destination是可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且essential发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家正在研究的一款会笑的机器人。
1.B 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The team…said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot.”可知,团队开发这个人工智能系统是为了提高机器人的社交技能。故选B项。
2.D 推理判断题。由文章第二段“The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter. They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely. The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy. Based on the audio files, the algorithm(算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations.”可知,团队已经开始教授机器人笑的艺术,数据包括了笑的特征,因此推断机器人Erica目前可能掌握了数据提供的笑的特征。故选D项。
3.B 词义猜测题。由文章第三段“‘Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know, most laughter is actually not shared at all,’ said Inoue. ‘We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to. It was really not easy work.’”可知,现在确定分享笑声的实际案例不是一件容易的事情,这是研究人员工作中最大的“障碍”,所以推测obstructor 表示“障碍”。故选B项。
4.C 主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh. Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts.”以及下文内容可知,文章主要介绍科学家正在研究一款会笑的机器人。所以C项“Laughing robots are around the corner(会笑的机器人即将问世)”为最佳标题。故选C项。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项针对诺贝尔奖获得者的研究发现:这些获奖者通常有多个领域的知识和广泛的兴趣爱好,这使他们在工作中更有创造力。
1.G 根据上文“Experts often tell students to centre their efforts on a narrow field to get a job after school.”及下文“When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he ‘wanted to understand the world’.”可知,专家们经常告诉学生们要把精力集中在一个狭窄的领域,但是一些诺贝尔奖获得者却做过不同的工作。由此可知,G项(但最近对诺贝尔奖得主的研究表明更广泛的兴趣很重要)能够承上启下,符合语境。故选G。
2.C 根据上文“When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he ‘wanted to understand the world’.”可知,上文讲述了梅尔达尔的经历。下文“They might believe they have to centre their work and school lives in one field to be successful.”说明梅尔达尔的经历和他们认为的成功经验是不一样的。由此可知,C项(梅尔达尔的经历可能会让学生们感到惊讶)能够承上启下,符合语境。故选C。
3.F 根据上文“The researchers looked into past Nobel Prize winners and their students.”及下文“…some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests.”可知,此处在讲诺贝尔奖得主对他们的学生的影响。由此可知,F项(他们发现,当获奖者的学生后来获得诺贝尔奖时)能够承上启下,符合语境。其中students是关键词。故选F。
4.E 根据上文“Nobel Prize winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than most scientists…Unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up their outside interests…”可知,诺贝尔奖获得者兴趣广泛,而且不会放弃他们的业余爱好。由此可知,E项(诺贝尔奖得主认为他们的爱好对创造力很重要)能够衔接上文,符合语境。其中hobbies对应上文中的outside interests。故选E。
5.A 根据上文“They pointed to a 2022 report about students who study two major fields in college.”及下文“Double majors are often more creative and more interested in starting their own businesses than those who centre on only one study area.”可知,此处在讲述双学位的问题。由此可知,A项(那个学习计划叫做“双学位”)能够承上启下,符合语境。其中double major是关键词。故选A。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Peter S nger和吴亮一起创建了Green City解决方案,来对抗空气污染。他们的发明——城市树——起到了空气净化器的作用,是城市树木和绿地的一个有趣的补充。
1.struck 考查动词时态。根据got可知,句子为一般过去时,空处缺少谓语,strike的过去式为struck。故填struck。
2.against 考查介词。根据the fight可知,空处缺少介词against,构成短语the fight against…,意为:对抗……。故填against。
3.why 考查名词性从句。根据前一句“They believe that if you can’t measure it, you can’t beat it.”可知,前面是后面的原因,此处表示“那就是为什么……”,用句型“That’s why…”。故填why。
4.addition 考查名词。分析句子可知,空处放在an后,用名词,addition意为“添加物”。故填addition。
5.dotted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处修饰“trees”作后置定语,trees与dot构成逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词作定语。故填dotted。
6.healthily 考查副词。分析句子可知,空处修饰动词live,用副词作状语。故填healthily。
7.to breathe 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处修饰air,用不定式作后置定语。故填to breathe。
8.the 考查冠词。根据air-purifying feature of moss可知,此处表示特指的特性,用定冠词the。故填the。
9.depending 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处用非谓语形式作状语,与前面主语是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填depending。
10.scientific 考查形容词。分析句子可知,空处用形容词作定语修饰way,science意为“科学”,形容词为scientific。故填scientific。Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
【探索发现】
①One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
②The question is who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm.
③Her confusion is whether she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way.
④What John Snow was determined to find out was why the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London could cause over 500 deaths within ten days.
⑤Taking a year off from school to travel abroad is what is generally called a gap year.
【归纳用法】
1.所有例句中的黑体部分都位于系动词 后,引导 。
2.例句①由从属连词that引导;例句②由连接代词who引导;例句③由从属连词whether引导;例句④由连接副词why引导;例句⑤由连接代词what引导。
结论:表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语,说明主语是什么或者怎么样。一般结构为“ ”。可接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。
Predicative clauses
(表语从句)
在复合句中,位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫作表语从句。表语从句常用以下引导词:
类别 例词 说明
从属 连词 that, whether 两者在从句中都不作成分,that无实义,whether意为“是否”,通常不能用if替换
连接 代词 who, whose, what, which等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语(who除外)等成分
连接 副词 when, why, where, how 在从句中作时间、原因、地点、方式状语等成分
其他 连接词 because 主句主语一般不用reason
as if/ as though 表语从句表示的情况发生的可能性较小时常用虚拟语气
如:The most important thing is that we should find enough water for the sheep.
最重要的是我们应为羊找到足够的水。
The doubt is who has taken away the valuable painting.
疑点是谁拿走了那幅珍贵的画。
The black clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.
乌云密集。天看起来要下雨了。
注意:
1.that,why,because引导表语从句的区别:
(1)表示原因的名词(reason,cause)作句子主语时,其后的表语从句常用that引导,不可用because。 如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the first bus this morning.
他迟到的原因是他今天早晨错过了首班公共汽车。
(2)because引导的表语从句常用于“That’s because…”结构中,说明产生上述结果的原因,表示前果后因;why引导的表语从句说明由上述原因导致的某种结果,表示前因后果。 如:
I was late for school this morning. That’s because I stayed up too late last night. (果→因)
今天早晨我上学迟到了,那是因为我昨晚熬夜太晚了。
I stayed up too late last night. That’s why I was late for school this morning. (因→果)
我昨晚熬夜太晚,那就是我今天早晨上学迟到的原因。
2.表语从句中的虚拟语气
当主语是表示“建议、命令、要求、计划(suggestion,advice,proposal,order,command,request,requirement,demand,plan)”等名词时,表语从句应该用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。 如:
My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天早点儿动身。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.I didn’t see the film last night. That was
I had to help my brother with his homework.
2.He thinks that not everyone is born equal and this is I disagree.
3.The question is technology is our servant or our master.
4.He didn’t get what he had expected. That’s he left this company.
5.What I want to know is the meeting will begin.
6.What the doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
7.When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival was I looked forward to most.
8.My neighbour Sana is always sheltering her child too much, and that’s we differ.
9.The reason why the girl cried was her friends misunderstood her.
10.The focus of the meeting was we could develop transportation without polluting the environment.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.What concerns me is .
让我担心的是你是否已经适应了大学生活。
2.The bottle of milk smells , so you’d better throw it away.
这瓶牛奶闻起来好像已经变质了,你最好把它扔掉。
3.From him, I realize the secret to success is .
从他那里,我意识到成功的秘诀不在于你出生在哪里,而在于你在生活中做什么。
4.The expert’s suggestion is
.
这位专家的建议是学校应该努力提高学生们的健康意识。
5.What puzzles Lily’s friends is .
令莉莉的朋友们困惑的是,为什么她总是有那么多疯狂的想法。Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The result of the invention of the steam engine was human power was replaced by mechanical power.
2.The main question is you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.
3.As John Lennon once said, life is happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
4.Please put the medicine on the top of the shelf. It’s our children can’t reach it.
5.The last time we had great fun together was we were visiting the Water Park.
6.The little girl who got lost decided to remain she was and wait for her mother.
7.From space, the earth looks blue. That’s about 71% of its surface is covered by water.
8.He was born here. That’s he likes the place so much.
9.The teacher’s requirement is we (should) recite the passage in twenty minutes.
10.Sorry, he can’t go with you. The reason is he has something to do tomorrow.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.What I told him yesterday was manager of the company.(表语从句) 我昨天告诉他的是,他已经被提升为公司经理了。
2. the company pays special attention to. (强调句型)
这个公司特别重视的是团队精神。
3.If you are addicted to your mobile phone, that’s and be involved in meaningful activities. (表语从句)如果你沉迷于手机,那么该是你放下手机,参加有意义的活动的时候了。
4.The reason for his absence from this meeting is
his father in the hospital. (not…but…)
他缺席这次会议的原因不是他不想参加,而是他不得不在医院里照看他的父亲。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空
Chang’an Tower, also known as the Great Wild Goose Pagoda, is an architectural wonder 1. (locate) in Xi’an, China. With its rich historical significance and stunning beauty, this ancient tower stands as a masterpiece of China’s cultural heritage.
2. (original) built during the Tang Dynasty in the 7th century, Chang’an Tower served as a Buddhist pagoda, housing Buddhist materials that the monk Xuanzang brought from India. Its construction 3. (order) by Emperor Gaozong to promote Buddhism and facilitate (使……便利) the translation of Buddhist scriptures (佛经) 4. Chinese.
Rising to a 5. (high) of 64 metres, the square-shaped, thirteen-storey tower showcases the splendid craftsmanship of ancient Chinese craftsmen, each storey of 6. exhibits unique architectural features, 7. (reflect) the cultural influences of the time. Visitors can go up the internal staircase to the top for magnificent 8. (view) of the city. Surrounding the pagoda, the serene gardens and the Da Ci’en Temple offer a peaceful retreat as well.
Whether it is for experiencing a piece of history 9. exploring cultural wonders, Chang’an Tower is 10. essential destination for those exploring China’s vast historical landscape.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
[2024·江苏南京高二月考]
Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh. Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot. “We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy(共情),” said Dr Koji Inoue, the lead author of the research. “So we decided that one way a robot can empathize with its users is to share their laughter.”
The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter. They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely. The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy. Based on the audio files, the algorithm(算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations.
“Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know, most laughter is actually not shared at all,” said Inoue. “We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to. It was really not easy work.” The team said laughter could help create robots with their own distinct character although it could take more than 20 years before it would be possible to have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.
“One of the things we’d keep in mind is that a laughing robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you or the meaning of laughter,” points out Prof. Sandra Wachter of the Oxford Internet Institute. “But with their development, they might get very good at tricking you into believing they understand what’s going on.”
( )1.Why did Inoue’s team develop the AI system
A.To better understand human empathy.
B.To promote the social skills of robots.
C.To explore the differences between laughs.
D.To assist robots in identifying people’s moods.
( )2.What can robot Erica probably do at present
A.Repeat the details of the 80 dialogues.
B.Distinguish people by hearing their laughs.
C.Recreate a scene played by the four actresses.
D.Master the features of laughs provided by data.
( )3.What does the underlined word “obstructor” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Potential. B.Barrier.
C.Alternative. D.Division.
( )4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Are AI systems going beyond human ability
B.Can conversational AI really understand us
C.Laughing robots are around the corner
D.Robots become laughing masters
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·江西上饶高二期末]
Experts often tell students to centre their efforts on a narrow field to get a job after school. 1. .
One of the winners of Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal, who is 70 years old and works at the University of Copenhagen. When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world”.
2. . They might believe they have to centre their work and school lives in one field to be successful. But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case. The researchers looked into past Nobel Prize winners and their students. 3. , some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests. They are, in a way, learning how to be creative.
Nobel Prize winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than most scientists. The researchers also found that the Nobel Prize winners have an open mind about their life experiences. Unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up their outside interests, 4. .
The researchers say that, even among people who do not win big prizes, those with many interests are often successful. They pointed to a 2022 report about students who study two major fields in college. 5. . Double majors are often more creative and more interested in starting their own businesses than those who centre on only one study area.
A.That study plan is called a “double major”
B.What we believe is of great benefits to them
C.Meldal’s experience may come as a surprise to students
D.They discovered that if they helped each other afterwards
E.Nobel Prize winners believe their hobbies are important to creativity
F.They found that when the students of the winners went on to win Nobel Prizes
G.But recent research into Nobel Prize winners suggests that wider interests are important
●Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·广东汕头高二期末]
When Peter S nger and Liang Wu got together, it 1. (strike) them that they must be long-lost friends. Both firmly advocate the fight 2. air pollution. They believe that if you can’t measure it, you can’t beat it. That’s 3. they founded Green City Solutions, the solution to quantifiably improving city air.
Their invention, the CityTree, acts as an air purifier, an interesting 4. (add) to urban trees and green spaces. Rooted in science, air pollution can be eaten by the vertical flat-paneled (平面的) “trees” 5. (dot) around cities across Europe, while the “trees” also act as seats for pedestrians. S nger and Wu’s vision is for a world in which people in cities can live 6. (healthy). They long to create living conditions that allow all people around the world to permanently have cleaner air 7. (breathe).
The CityTree combines 8. air-purifying feature of moss with remote technology to increase the air flow through the “trees”. This allows them to “suck up” and clean more air than normal, and the amount they purify can be increased 9. (depend) on pollution levels at different times of day.
The German green-tech start-up is now funded by the European Commission. A CityTree network of 15 brand new units will be set up and tested in a 10. (science) way in Berlin’s pollution hot spots next year. (共55张PPT)
Period Three
Learning About Language (Grammar)
语法归纳
练习册
【探索发现】
①One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
②The question is who will be the successful applicant for the
summer job at the law firm.
③Her confusion is whether she should stick to her own way of
life or follow the American way.
④What John Snow was determined to find out was why the 1854
outbreak of cholera in London could cause over 500 deaths
within ten days.
⑤Taking a year off from school to travel abroad is what is
generally called a gap year.
【归纳用法】
1.所有例句中的黑体部分都位于系动词_____ 后,引导___________。
be
表语从句
2.例句①由从属连词that引导;例句②由连接代词who引导;例句③由从属连词
whether引导;例句④由连接副词why引导;例句⑤由连接代词what引导。
结论:表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语,说明主语是什么或者怎么样。一般结
构为“___________________________”。可接表语从句的系动词有
be,look,remain,seem等。
主语+系动词+表语从句
Predicative clauses
(表语从句)
在复合句中,位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫作表语从句。表语从句常用以
下引导词:
类别 例词 说明
从属连词 that, whether 两者在从句中都不作成分,that无实义,whether意为“是否”,通常不能用if替换
连接代词 who, whose, what, which等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语(who除外)等成分
连接副词 when, why, where, how 在从句中作时间、原因、地点、方式状语等
成分
其他连 接词 because 主句主语一般不用reason
as if/as though 表语从句表示的情况发生的可能性较小时常用
虚拟语气
如:The most important thing is that we should find enough water
for the sheep.
最重要的是我们应为羊找到足够的水。
The doubt is who has taken away the valuable painting.
疑点是谁拿走了那幅珍贵的画。
The black clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.
乌云密集。天看起来要下雨了。
注意:
1.that,why,because引导表语从句的区别:
(1)表示原因的名词(reason,cause)作句子主语时,其后的表语从句常用that引导,
不可用because。 如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the first bus
this morning.
他迟到的原因是他今天早晨错过了首班公共汽车。
(2)because引导的表语从句常用于“That's because…”结构中,说明产生上
述结果的原因,表示前果后因;why引导的表语从句说明由上述原因导致的某种
结果,表示前因后果。 如:
I was late for school this morning. That's because I stayed up too
late last night. (果→因) 今天早晨我上学迟到了,那是因为我昨晚熬夜太晚了。
I stayed up too late last night. That's why I was late for school
this morning. (因→果) 我昨晚熬夜太晚,那就是我今天早晨上学迟到的原因。
2.表语从句中的虚拟语气
当主语是表示“建议、命令、要求、计划
(suggestion,advice,proposal,order,command,request,requirement,
demand,plan)”等名词时,表语从句应该用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+
动词原形”形式,should可以省略。 如:
My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天早点儿动身。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ单句填空
1.I didn't see the film last night. That was ___________I had to help
my brother with his homework.
2.He thinks that not everyone is born equal and this is _________ I
disagree.
3.The question is ___________ technology is our servant or our
master.
because
where
whether
4.He didn't get what he had expected. That's ______ he left this
company.
5.What I want to know is ________the meeting will begin.
6.What the doctor really doubts is ___________ my mother will
recover from the serious disease soon.
7.When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of the Spring
Festival was _______ I looked forward to most.
why
when
whether
what
8.My neighbour Sana is always sheltering her child too much, and
that's _________ we differ.
9.The reason why the girl cried was ______ her friends
misunderstood her.
10.The focus of the meeting was _______we could develop
transportation without polluting the environment.
where
that
how
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.What concerns me is_____________________________________________
_________________.
让我担心的是你是否已经适应了大学生活。
whether you have adapted to the university life
2.The bottle of milk smells ___________________________, so you'd
better throw it away.
这瓶牛奶闻起来好像已经变质了,你最好把它扔掉。
as if it has gone bad
3.From him, I realize the secret to success is
____________________________________________________________________
__________.
从他那里，我意识到成功的秘诀不在于你出生在哪里，而在于你在生活中做
什么。
not where you were born, but what you are doing in your life
4.The expert's suggestion is _______________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
这位专家的建议是学校应该努力提高学生们的健康意识。
that schools (should) make efforts to raise the health awareness of students
5.What puzzles Lily's friends is ____________________________________
_____________________.
令莉莉的朋友们困惑的是，为什么她总是有那么多疯狂的想法。
why she always has so many crazy ideas
练 习 册
Ⅰ单句填空
1.The result of the invention of the steam engine was ______
human power was replaced by mechanical power.
that
2.The main question is ___________ you want your arms inside or
outside the sleeping bag.
whether
3.As John Lennon once said, life is _______ happens to you while
you are busy making other plans.
what
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.Please put the medicine on the top of the shelf. It's _________
our children can't reach it.
where
5.The last time we had great fun together was ________ we were
visiting the Water Park.
when
6.The little girl who got lost decided to remain_________ she was
and wait for her mother.
where
7.From space, the earth looks blue. That's ___________ about 71%
of its surface is covered by water.
because
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.He was born here. That's______ he likes the place so much.
why
9.The teacher's requirement is______ we (should) recite the passage
in twenty minutes.
that
10.Sorry, he can't go with you. The reason is______ he has
something to do tomorrow.
that
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.What I told him yesterday
was_______________________________________ manager of the
company.(表语从句) 我昨天告诉他的是,他已经被提升为公司经理了。
that he had been promoted to
2.__________________________ the company pays special attention to.
(强调句型)
这个公司特别重视的是团队精神。
It is team spirit that
3.If you are addicted to your mobile phone, that's
_____________________________________and be involved in meaningful
activities. (表语从句)
如果你沉迷于手机,那么该是你放下手机,参加有意义的活动的时候了。
when you should lay it down
1
2
3
4
4.The reason for his absence from this meeting is
____________________________________________________________________
_______________his father in the hospital. (not…but…)
他缺席这次会议的原因不是他不想参加,而是他不得不在医院里照看他的父亲。
not that he didn't want to attend but that he had to take care of
1
2
3
4
Ⅲ语篇填空
Chang'an Tower, also known as the Great Wild Goose Pagoda,
is an architectural wonder 1.__________ (locate) in Xi'an, China. With
its rich historical significance and stunning beauty, this ancient
tower stands as a masterpiece of China's cultural heritage.
2._____________ (original) built during the Tang Dynasty in the 7th
century, Chang'an Tower served as a Buddhist pagoda, housing
Buddhist materials that the monk Xuanzang brought from India. Its
construction 3.________________(order) by Emperor Gaozong to
located
Originally
was ordered
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
promote Buddhism and facilitate (使……便利) the translation of
Buddhist scriptures (佛经) 4.______ Chinese.
Rising to a 5._________ (high) of 64 metres, the square-shaped,
thirteen-storey tower showcases the splendid craftsmanship of
ancient Chinese craftsmen, each storey of 6.________ exhibits unique
architectural features, 7._____________ (reflect) the cultural influences
of the time. Visitors can go up the internal staircase to the top for
magnificent 8.________ (view) of the city. Surrounding the pagoda,
the serene gardens and the Da Ci'en Temple offer a peaceful
retreat as well.
into
height
which
reflecting
views
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Whether it is for experiencing a piece of history 9.____
exploring cultural wonders, Chang'an Tower is 10._____ essential
destination for those exploring China's vast historical landscape.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大雁塔的历史。
or
an
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.__________
located
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。动词locate和wonder之间是动宾关系，应用过去分
词作后置定语，故填located。
2._____________
Originally
[解析] 考查副词。空处修饰动词built，应用副词形式，首字母应大写，故填
Originally。
3.________________
was ordered
[解析] 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。结合空后的by Emperor Gaozong可知，
主语construction和动词order之间是被动关系，且句子描述过去发生的事情，
应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填was ordered。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.______
into
[解析] 考查介词。the translation of…into…“……到……的翻译”，为固定
搭配，故填into。
5._________
height
[解析] 考查名词。结合空前的a可知，空处应填名词作宾语，故填height。
6.________
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词
是tower，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。
7._____________
reflecting
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。动词reflect和逻辑主语each storey之间是主谓关系，
应用现在分词作状语，故填reflecting。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.________
views
[解析] 考查名词复数。句意：游客可以登上内部楼梯到达顶部，欣赏城市的
壮丽景色。view“风景”，可数名词，此处应用复数形式，故填views。
9.____
or
[解析] 考查连词。whether…or…“无论……还是……”，固定短语，故填or。
10._____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。destination是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，
且essential发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅳ阅读理解
[2024·江苏南京高二月考]
Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh
to a great hearty laugh. Scientists are now developing an AI
system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The
team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could
improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot.
“We think that one of the important functions of conversational
1
2
3
4
AI is empathy(共情),” said Dr Koji Inoue, the lead author of the
research. “So we decided that one way a robot can empathize
with its users is to share their laughter.”
The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of
conversational laughter. They gathered training data from more
than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that
was initially operated by four actresses remotely. The dialogue data
was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed
laughter isn't involved) and laughter of joy.
1
2
3
4
Based on the audio files, the algorithm(算法) learned the basic
characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry
laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations.
“Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual
cases of shared laughter because as you know, most laughter is
actually not shared at all,” said Inoue. “We had to carefully
decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we
couldn't just assume that any laugh can be responded to. It was
really not easy work.” The team said laughter could help create
1
2
3
4
robots with their own distinct character although it could take
more than 20 years before it would be possible to have a casual
chat with a robot like we would with a friend.
“One of the things we'd keep in mind is that a laughing
robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you or the
meaning of laughter,” points out Prof. Sandra Wachter of the
Oxford Internet Institute. “But with their development, they might
get very good at tricking you into believing they understand
what's going on.”
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家正在研究的一款会笑的机
器人。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.Why did Inoue's team develop the AI system
B
A.To better understand human empathy.
B.To promote the social skills of robots.
C.To explore the differences between laughs.
D.To assist robots in identifying people's moods.
[解析] 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Scientists are now developing an
AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The
team…said that the system could improve natural conversations
between people and an AI robot.”可知，团队开发这个人工智能系统是
为了提高机器人的社交技能。故选B项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.What can robot Erica probably do at present
D
A.Repeat the details of the 80 dialogues.
B.Distinguish people by hearing their laughs.
C.Recreate a scene played by the four actresses.
D.Master the features of laughs provided by data.
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。由文章第二段“The team have set out to teach
their AI system the art of conversational laughter. They gathered
training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male
subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses
remotely. The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs
(where polite or embarrassed laughter isn't involved) and laughter
of joy. Based on the audio files, the algorithm(算法) learned the
basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and
merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate
situations.”可知，团队已经开始教授机器人笑的艺术，数据包括了笑的特征，
因此推断机器人Erica目前可能掌握了数据提供的笑的特征。故选D项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What does the underlined word “obstructor” in
Paragraph 3 mean
B
A.Potential. B.Barrier. C.Alternative. D.Division.
[解析] 词义猜测题。由文章第三段“‘Our biggest obstructor in the
work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because
as you know, most laughter is actually not shared at all,' said
Inoue. ‘We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could
use for our analysis and we couldn't just assume that any laugh
can be responded to. It was really not easy work.'”可知，现在确定
分享笑声的实际案例不是一件容易的事情，这是研究人员工作中最大的“障
碍”，所以推测obstructor 表示“障碍”。故选B项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
C
A.Are AI systems going beyond human ability
B.Can conversational AI really understand us
C.Laughing robots are around the corner
D.Robots become laughing masters
[解析] 主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Laughter comes in many forms,
from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh. Scientists
are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in
proper social contexts.”以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍科学家正在研究
一款会笑的机器人。所以C项“Laughing robots are around the
corner(会笑的机器人即将问世)”为最佳标题。故选C项。
1
2
3
4
Ⅴ阅读七选五
[2024·江西上饶高二期末]
Experts often tell students to centre their efforts on a narrow
field to get a job after school. 1.____.
One of the winners of Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish
scientist Morten Meldal, who is 70 years old and works at the
University of Copenhagen. When describing his career, Meldal said
he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because
he “wanted to understand the world”.
G
1
2
3
4
5
2.___. They might believe they have to centre their work and
school lives in one field to be successful. But a study from
professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always
the case. The researchers looked into past Nobel Prize winners and
their students. 3.___, some of what they learned from their teachers
is how to live a life with many interests. They are, in a way,
learning how to be creative.
Nobel Prize winners are nine times more likely to have
experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than most
scientists. The researchers also found that the Nobel Prize winners
C
F
1
2
3
4
5
have an open mind about their life experiences. Unlike many
people who spend long hours at work and give up their outside
interests, 4.___.
The researchers say that, even among people who do not win
big prizes, those with many interests are often successful. They
pointed to a 2022 report about students who study two major
fields in college. 5.___. Double majors are often more creative and
more interested in starting their own businesses than those who
centre on only one study area.
E
A
1
2
3
4
5
A.That study plan is called a “double major”
B.What we believe is of great benefits to them
C.Meldal's experience may come as a surprise to students
D.They discovered that if they helped each other afterwards
E.Nobel Prize winners believe their hobbies are important to
creativity
F.They found that when the students of the winners went on to
win Nobel Prizes
G.But recent research into Nobel Prize winners suggests that wider
interests are important
1
2
3
4
5
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项针对诺贝尔奖获得者的研究
发现：这些获奖者通常有多个领域的知识和广泛的兴趣爱好，这使他们在工作
中更有创造力。
1
2
3
4
5
1.____
G
[解析] 根据上文“Experts often tell students to centre their efforts
on a narrow field to get a job after school.”及下文“When
describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer
but changed to chemistry because he ‘wanted to understand the
world’.”可知，专家们经常告诉学生们要把精力集中在一个狭窄的领域，但
是一些诺贝尔奖获得者却做过不同的工作。由此可知，G项(但最近对诺贝尔奖
得主的研究表明更广泛的兴趣很重要)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
C
[解析] 根据上文“When describing his career, Meldal said he started
out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he ‘wanted
to understand the world’.”可知，上文讲述了梅尔达尔的经历。下文
“They might believe they have to centre their work and school
lives in one field to be successful.”说明梅尔达尔的经历和他们认为的成
功经验是不一样的。由此可知，C项(梅尔达尔的经历可能会让学生们感到惊讶)
能够承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
1
2
3
4
5
3.___
F
[解析] 根据上文“The researchers looked into past Nobel Prize
winners and their students.”及下文“…some of what they learned
from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests.”可知，
此处在讲诺贝尔奖得主对他们的学生的影响。由此可知，F项(他们发现，当获
奖者的学生后来获得诺贝尔奖时)能够承上启下，符合语境。其中students是
关键词。故选F。
1
2
3
4
5
4.___
E
[解析] 根据上文“Nobel Prize winners are nine times more likely to
have experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than
most scientists…Unlike many people who spend long hours at work
and give up their outside interests…”可知，诺贝尔奖获得者兴趣广泛，
而且不会放弃他们的业余爱好。由此可知，E项(诺贝尔奖得主认为他们的爱好
对创造力很重要)能够衔接上文，符合语境。其中hobbies对应上文中的
outside interests。故选E。
1
2
3
4
5
5.___
A
[解析] 根据上文“They pointed to a 2022 report about students who
study two major fields in college.”及下文“Double majors are often
more creative and more interested in starting their own businesses
than those who centre on only one study area.”可知，此处在讲述双
学位的问题。由此可知，A项(那个学习计划叫做“双学位”)能够承上启下，
符合语境。其中double major是关键词。故选A。
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅵ语法填空
[2024·广东汕头高二期末]
When Peter Sanger and Liang Wu got together, it 1._________
(strike) them that they must be long-lost friends. Both firmly
advocate the fight 2.__________ air pollution. They believe that if
you can't measure it, you can't beat it. That's 3.______ they
founded Green City Solutions, the solution to quantifiably
improving city air.
struck
against
why
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Their invention, the CityTree, acts as an air purifier, an
interesting 4.___________ (add) to urban trees and green spaces.
Rooted in science, air pollution can be eaten by the vertical flat-
paneled (平面的) “trees” 5._________ (dot) around cities across
Europe, while the “trees” also act as seats for pedestrians. S?
nger and Wu's vision is for a world in which people in cities can
live 6.____________(healthy). They long to create living conditions
that allow all people around the world to permanently have
cleaner air 7.______________ (breathe).
addition
dotted
healthily
to breathe
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
The CityTree combines 8.______ air-purifying feature of moss
with remote technology to increase the air flow through the
“trees”. This allows them to “suck up” and clean more air than
normal, and the amount they purify can be increased
9.______________ (depend) on pollution levels at different times of
day.
The German green-tech start-up is now funded by the
European Commission. A CityTree network of 15 brand new units
will be set up and tested in a 10. ____________ (science) way in
Berlin's pollution hot spots next year.
the
depending
scientific
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Peter Sanger和吴亮一起创
建了Green City解决方案，来对抗空气污染。他们的发明——城市树——起
到了空气净化器的作用，是城市树木和绿地的一个有趣的补充。
1._________
struck
[解析] 考查动词时态。根据got可知，句子为一般过去时，空处缺少谓语，
strike的过去式为struck。故填struck。
2.__________
against
[解析] 考查介词。根据the fight可知，空处缺少介词against，构成短语the
fight against…，意为：对抗……。故填against。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.______
why
[解析] 考查名词性从句。根据前一句“They believe that if you can't
measure it, you can't beat it.”可知，前面是后面的原因，此处表示“那
就是为什么……”，用句型“That's why…”。故填why。
4.___________
addition
[解析] 考查名词。分析句子可知，空处放在an后，用名词，addition意为
“添加物”。故填addition。
5._________
dotted
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处修饰“trees”作后置定语，
trees与dot构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填dotted。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6.____________
healthily
[解析] 考查副词。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词live，用副词作状语。故填
healthily。
7.______________
to breathe
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处修饰air，用不定式作后置定语。
故填to breathe。
8.______
the
[解析] 考查冠词。根据air-purifying feature of moss可知，此处表示特指
的特性，用定冠词the。故填the。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.______________
depending
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处用非谓语形式作状语，与前面
主语是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填depending。
10.____________
scientific
[解析] 考查形容词。分析句子可知，空处用形容词作定语修饰way，science
意为“科学”，形容词为scientific。故填scientific。
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