Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
语言精讲
1.①motivation ②motivated ③to work ④The stronger the motivation is/The more highly a person is motivated ⑤motivates our passion to learn English well
2.①expectations ②unexpected ③expected ④which was totally beyond my expectations ⑤will live up to/come up to/meet your expectations
3.①exposure ②exposed ③exposed ④exposing nice little white teeth ⑤are exposed to/expose themselves to; Exposed to/Exposing themselves to
语法归纳
【归纳用法】
2.主语从句; 形式主语 3.表语从句
4.宾语从句; 形式宾语
5.同位语从句
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.What; that 2.That 3.where 4.What; why
5.who 6.when 7.how; what 8.what 9.whether 10.whoever
●Ⅱ 1.why he was invited
2.I think it’s not a good idea/I don’t think it is a good idea
3.that our athlete won another gold medal
4.What benefits us most
5.I suggest we (should) communicate with the teachers/my suggestion is that we (should) communicate with the teachers; what the teachers sayPeriod Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
Ⅰ.1.whether 2.why 3.What 4.whoever
5.if/whether 6.that 7.that 8.what; that 9.what
10.where
Ⅱ.1.where we are going to place our new furniture 2.What excited us most 3.that he hadn’t studied hard before 4.what my kids will need 5.that time travel is possible
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竹子在中国的历史及在我们日常生活中的巨大作用。
1.was used 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语as early as the Shang Dynasty可知事情发生在过去,故时态用一般过去时,主语为第三人称单数,be动词用was;且bamboo 与use“使用”为被动关系,用被动语态。故填was used。
2.application 考查名词。分析句子可知此处缺主语,因此应用名词application“应用”。故填application。
3.led 考查时态。根据句子的时间状语in 251 BC可知,事情发生在过去,故时态用一般过去时,谓语用过去式led意为“带领”。故填led。
4.an 考查冠词。play a…role意为“起……的作用”,且important发音以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an。故填an。
5.successfully 考查副词。此处应用副词successfully“成功地”,修饰谓语动词sank。故填successfully。
6.until 考查连词。not…until…意为“直到……才……”。故填until。
7.that 考查强调句。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句,句型为“It be+被强调部分+that+其他.”,此处强调句子的方式状语by using the technology。故填that。
8.as 考查介词。句意:在中国文化中,竹子被誉为植物中的“四君子”之一。be well-known as意为“众所周知”,为固定短语。故填as。
9.related 考查形容词。be related to意为“与……有关系”,为固定短语。故填related。
10.facing 考查非谓语动词。when…(face) tough situations在句中作时间状语,face“面对”与其逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,应用现在分词短语作状语。故填facing。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在中国期间经历的文化冲击的四个阶段:蜜月期、沮丧期、调整期和接受期。回到美国后,作者又经历了“反向”文化冲击。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第三段“By the end of my first year I had totally lost my self confidence and I became a bit clumsy and sensitive person and I thought it was China that made me that way.”可推断,本段作者主要描述了文化冲击的“沮丧期”阶段。故选B项。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第四段“Then in my second year I started to pick up some language skills and I found fun activities to do in my spare time. I made great foreign and Chinese friends and later I developed an interest in Chinese history and culture. Based on the above I learned to consider myself a confident and happy foreigner.”可知,学习汉语、结交当地的朋友、参加有趣的活动能帮助作者缓解他在中国的文化冲击,让他渐渐对中国历史和文化产生兴趣。文章中没有提到参加历史课程的学习。由此可知,学习历史课程对作者缓解文化冲击没有什么帮助。故选C项。
3.D 词义猜测题。根据画线单词后面的部分experiencing the four stages in the opposite order (以相反的顺序经历这四个阶段)可知,在美国,作者又经历了“反向”文化冲击,所以画线单词reverse的意义为“反向的”。故选D项。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But eventually I came to realize that my home had become an entirely new place when I was away.”可推断,作者需要调整自己以适应家乡的生活。故选D项。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了出国留学所面临的挑战和解决方法。
1.F 上文“Studying abroad is a big decision which should be taken seriously. To leave your comfort zone and be pushed into an entirely new environment, with its own climate, culture, and customs, is a bold move.”指出出国留学会让你离开你的舒适区,进入一个全新的环境,这会给你带来一些改变,下文“However, once you overcome these challenges, studying abroad can bring numerous rewards.”指出你克服这些挑战会有很多回报,由此可知,空处承上启下,指出出国留学会有很多挑战,F项“突然的变化肯定会带来一些适应的问题。”符合题意,sudden changes呼应上文的To leave your comfort zone and be pushed into an entirely new environment,同时some adjustment problems呼应下文these challenges,故选F。
2.B 上文“Unsurprisingly, living and studying in an unfamiliar culture will lead to some degree of culture shock, which can bring about feelings of frustration, homesickness, and maybe even regret.”指出在陌生的文化中生活和学习会导致文化冲击,下文“Learning more about the local customs and traditions, for instance, will help you bridge your knowledge gap and better understand the country.”具体指出了如何应对文化冲击,即了解当地文化和传统,由此可知,空处应指出要融入到当地文化中,以此来应对文化冲击,B项“拥抱你的东道国文化是应对这一问题的关键。”承上启下,故选B。
3.C 上文“Following some simple finance tips can help you reduce your expenses.”指出遵循一些简单的财务技巧能帮助你减少开支,下文“Researching the rental prices in different neighbourhoods can also save you money in the long run.”介绍了省钱的方法,also是关键,由此可知,空处也应是介绍省钱的方法,C项“这可能意味着在家做饭或使用公共交通工具。”是减少开支的方法,故选C。
4.E 下文“If you leave a bustling Chinese city for a quiet European town, you might feel depressed that things flow a lot slower. On the flip side, you might feel overwhelmed when moving from a leisure environment to a busy one.”可知,离开一个地方来到一个新地方,会引起情绪变化,E项“它可能会引起各种情绪,具体取决于你来自哪里。”符合语境,it代指上文的adjusting to the new pace of life,故选E。
5.G 上文“Well, reading up on the way of life in a foreign country beforehand can help you decide whether it is compatible (兼容的) with your personality, goals, and desired lifestyle. After all, you probably wouldn’t choose London if you dislike crowds. Similarly, Spain might be unappealing to you if you like hanging out at night.”举例说明要事先了解国外的生活方式,空处应该是承接上文,指出提前了解国外生活的好处,G项“提前进行研究将使您更好地为未来的生活做好准备。”符合题意,故选G。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国装饰中独特典雅的传统家具——屏风,主要包括其特色、功能和象征意义等信息。
1.a 考查冠词。分析句子可知,空处表示泛指,意为“一个,一种”,应用不定冠词,且unique的发音以辅音音素开头,应用a。故填a。
2.Typically 考查副词。分析句子可知,空处用副词修饰整个句子,typical的副词形式为typically,意为“通常,一般”,且空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Typically。
3.decorating 考查非谓语动词。此处为状语从句的省略,且decorate与Chinese people为主动关系,故用现在分词。故填decorating。
4.to 考查介词。此处为固定短语attach importance to,意为“重视,注重”。故填to。
5.peaceful 考查形容词。修饰名词environment应用形容词peaceful。故填peaceful。
6.functions 考查名词复数。分析句子可知,空处作in addition to的宾语,结合空前的its decorative and practical可知,功能不止一个,function应用复数形式。故填functions。
7.is considered 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,空处作句子的谓语,此处在描述一般性的事实,时态应用一般现在时,consider“认为”和主语the Chinese screen之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语为单数,be动词应用is。故填is considered。
8.used 考查状语从句的省略。分析句子可知,此处用了whether引导让步状语从句,且从句的主语和主句的主语一致,从句中含有be动词,对从句主语和be动词进行了省略,use“使用”和被省略的主语the Chinese screen之间是被动关系,应用use的过去分词形式。故填used。
9.or 考查固定句型。表示“无论是……还是……”句型为whether…or…。故填or。
10.remains 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,空处作句子的谓语,此处在描述一般性的事实,时态应用一般现在时,且主语the Chinese screen为单数,remain应用第三人称单数形式。故填remains。Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
1.motivated adj.(very enthusiastic or determined because you really want to do something)积极的;主动的
(教材P16)I became more motivated, and I’m also a lot more ambitious now!
我变得更积极,而且我现在也更加有抱负了!
(1)stay/keep/remain motivated
保持积极性
(2)motivate vt. 成为……的动机;激发;激励
motivate sb to do sth 激励某人做某事
be motivated by 受……鼓舞/鼓励
(3)motivation n. 动力;积极性;动机
【佳句背诵】
While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.
有些人的动力源于对成功的渴望,而另一些人则源于害怕失败。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The (motivate) behind the decision is the desire to improve our service to our customers.
②In order to keep team members positive and (motivate), the team leader himself needs to show these qualities.
③The plan is designed to motivate employees (work) more efficiently.
◆完成句子
④ ,
the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
动机越强,一个人学习外语的速度就越快。
⑤Not only does the activity enrich our school life but also it .
这项活动不仅丰富了我们的学校生活,而且激发了我们学好英语的热情。(应用文写作之活动感受)
2.expectation n. (the feeling that good things are going to happen in the future)期望;预期;期待
(教材P17) The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad.
这位顾问谈到了在国外学习期间要保持合理的期望。
(1)beyond one’s expectation(s)
出乎某人的意料
come up to/live up to/meet one’s expectations
不负某人所望
(2)expect v. 等待;预料;预计;要求;期望;指望
expect sb/sth to do sth 预料某人会做某事/预计某物会……
(3)expected adj. 预料的;预期的
unexpected adj. 出乎意料的;始料不及的
unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地,意料之外地
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The company failed to meet investors’ (expect), causing its stock price to fall sharply.
②Try to control your impatience when any (expect) problem arises.
③[2023·北京卷] The e-mail started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than (expect).”
◆完成句子
④[2021·浙江1月考读后续写] The video got thousands of clicks and reviews within hours,
.
这段视频在数小时内获得了数千次点击和评论,这完全出乎我的意料。
⑤[2020·浙江7月考应用文写作] I believe in the near future, you will get our good news and we .
我相信在不久的将来,你会得到我们的好消息,我们将不会辜负你的期望。
3.exposure n. (the fact of experiencing something or being affected by it because of being in a particular situation or place)接触;体验;暴露;揭露
(教材P17) Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world.
接触另一种文化及其人民可以让交换生很好地洞察世界。
(1)expose vt. 使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)
expose…to… 使……暴露于……
(2)exposed adj. 暴露的,无遮蔽的
be exposed to… 接触……;被暴露于……
【佳句背诵】
Don’t expose your skin to sunlight directly, or you will get sunburnt. 不要把你的皮肤直接暴露在阳光下,否则你会被晒伤的。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2021·浙江6月考] Many people in China have limited (expose)to English. That makes it extra hard to learn and practise it.
②[2020·全国卷Ⅰ] The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when (expose) to daylight.
③[2022·全国乙卷] They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies (expose).
◆完成句子/一句多译
④Seeing us approaching, she smiled joyfully, .
看到我们走近,她笑逐颜开,露出了漂亮的小白牙。(读后续写之神态描写)
⑤当孩子们处于困难的环境中时,他们更善于处理具有挑战性的情况。
→When children difficult situations, they are better at handling challenging situations.
→ difficult situations, children are better at handling challenging situations. (用分词作状语)
【探索发现】
①What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.
②It’s important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.
③That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
④Her tutor explained that she was supposed to read lots of information to help form a wise opinion of her own.
⑤He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.
⑥The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.
【归纳用法】
1.以上所有例句皆为主从复合句,句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。
2.例句①为what引导的 。例句②中it为 ,真正的主语为后面that引导的主语从句。
3.例句③为why引导的 。
4.例句④为that引导的 。例句⑤中it为 ,真正的宾语为后面that引导的宾语从句。
5.例句⑥为that引导的 。
Review of noun clauses
(复习名词性从句)
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句的定义、分类及其连接词
1.定义:在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(noun clause)。
2.分类:根据它在句中不同的语法功能分为主语从句(subject clause)、宾语从句(object clause)、表语从句(predicative clause)和同位语从句(appositive clause)。
3.连接词
类别 连接词 意义 功能
从属 连词 that 无意义 不充当成分
whether/if 是否 不充当成分
连接 代词 what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、宾语、 表语、定语
which(ever) (无论)哪一个 主语、宾语、 定语
who(ever) (无论)谁 主语、宾语、 表语
whom 谁 宾语
whose 谁的 定语
连接 副词 when(ever) (无论)何时 时间状语
where(ver) (无论在)哪里 地点状语
why 为何 原因状语
how 如何 方式状语
二、主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前,或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。引导主语从句的连接词有that, whether, who, what, whatever等。如:
That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
=It surprised us all that he finished writing the composition in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内写完作文,这让我们都感到吃惊。
Who will be sent there to start a branch hasn’t been decided.
谁将被派到那里开一家分店还未确定。
[注意一]
that与what的异同
that和what都可引导主语从句。what除了起连接作用外,还在主语从句中充当某一成分,如宾语、主语、表语等;that在主语从句中不充当任何成分,无任何含义,只起连接作用。如:
What surprised me was that the little girl played the violin so well.(what在主语从句中作主语) 使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩儿小提琴拉得这么好。
That light travels faster than sound is known to us all.(that只起连接作用)
众所周知,光的传播速度比声音快。
[注意二]
1.that引导的主语从句,常用形式主语it代替。构成“It be+形容词/名词/某些动词的过去分词+that 从句.”。
2.在有些that引导的主语从句中要用虚拟语气“(should) do/be done或should have (been) done”。如:
It is important that we all (should) attend the meeting. 我们都应该参加会议,这很重要。
三、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中充当句子的宾语。宾语从句的引导词有:连接词that,if/whether;连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which等;连接副词when,where,why,how等。如:
Tom asked me if/whether I had seen the film See You Tomorrow.
汤姆问我是否看了电影《摆渡人》。
Pay attention to what the teacher said.
注意听老师说的话。
[注意]
1.如果动词宾语后有补语,那么要使用it作形式宾语,然后把宾语从句放在补语之后。如:
I feel it possible that you will finish the work in a day.
我觉得你在一天之内完成这项工作是有可能的。
2.宾语从句的时态
(1)若主句为现在时态或将来时态,宾语从句可以选择适当的时态。如:
Will you tell me how I can keep fit
你能告诉我如何保持健康吗
(2)如果主句的时态是一般过去时,那么从句要采用相应的过去时态;如果从句描述的是客观事实,那么从句的时态不可调整。如:
She remembered that she had left her wallet at the school gate.
她记得她把钱包落在校门口了。
Our teacher said that the earth revolves around the sun. 我们老师说地球绕着太阳转。
3.宾语从句中只用whether不用if的情况:
(1)介词后的宾语从句只用whether引导。如:
He was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings.
他在担心他是否伤害了她的感情。
(2)当whether引导的宾语从句位于句首表示强调时,不能被if替换。如:
Whether he will come or not, I am not sure.
我不确定他是否会来。
(3)whether经常与or not 直接连用,构成whether or not结构。如:
I don’t know whether or not this idea can be put into practice.
我不知道这一想法能否付诸实践。
(4)后接动词不定式时只能用whether。如:
Can you tell me whether to go or stay
你能否告诉我是去还是留
(5)动词discuss后面只能接whether引导的宾语从句。如:
We discussed whether we should close the shop.
我们讨论了我们是否应该关闭这家商店。
4.从句中要用陈述语序。如:
She always thinks of how she can work well.
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
四、表语从句
若一个句子在复合句中充当表语那么它就叫作表语从句。表语从句放在连系动词后,其基本结构为:主语+系动词+表语从句。
表语从句的引导词有:连接词that,whether,as if等;连接代词who,whose,what,which等;连接副词when,where,how,why等。另外,as,because也可引导表语从句。如:
Chinese Women’s Football Team won the championship of AFC Women’s Asian Cup. That is why the fans were so excited.
中国女足赢得了亚足联女子亚洲杯的冠军。那就是球迷们如此兴奋的原因。
That is what he is worried about.
那正是他所担心的。
It looked as if it was going to snow.
看起来好像要下雪了。
Her wish is that he can join the army.
她的愿望是他能参军。
[注意]
1.表语从句的引导词that不能省略。
2.表语从句的时态不受主句的限制。
3.表语从句不能用 if 引导,要用whether。
4.主语是reason时,表语从句常用that引导,不用because。如:
The reason why Peter was absent from my birthday party was that he had gone to China for his holiday.
彼得缺席了我的生日聚会,是因为他去中国度假了。
五、同位语从句
在复合句中作某一名词尤其是抽象名词的同位语(一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容)的从句叫同位语从句。能跟同位语从句的名词一般是answer,conclusion,evidence,explanation,fact,hope,idea,information,news,report,truth,possibility,suggestion,problem,promise, wish等抽象名词。
同位语从句的引导词:
类别 例词 说明
从属 连词 that,whether 二者在从句中均不作成分;that无实义,whether意为“是否”
连接 代词 who,whom,whose, which,what等 有实义,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分
连接 副词 when,where, why,how等 有实义,在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语等成分
如:
The news that Su Yiming won the gold medal at the 2022 Olympic Winter Games was quite exciting.
苏翊鸣在2022年冬奥会上获得了金牌的消息非常令人激动。
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.
他是否值得信赖的问题不是我们正在调查的。
[注意一]
分隔式同位语从句:有时同位语从句与其所说明的名词会被其他成分隔开,从而形成分隔式同位语从句,这样主要是为了保持句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻。如:
News came from the school office that Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University.
从学校办公室传来消息,说王林被北京大学录取了。
[注意二]
名词suggestion, order, demand, command, request, desire, proposal等词后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+do”结构,should可省略。如:
We’d better accept his suggestion that we (should) start right now. 我们最好接受他的建议,立刻动身。
[注意三]
名词doubt(怀疑)后可跟同位语从句:用于肯定句中时用whether引导;用于否定句和疑问句中时则用that引导。如:
There is some doubt whether they will come to help us. 他们是否会来帮助我们还不确定。
I have no doubt that he will win the game.
我坚信他会赢得这场比赛。
[注意四]
同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
1.同位语从句对某一名词进行进一步的解释或补充说明;而定语从句对先行词起修饰或限定的作用。如:
The foreigner expressed the hope that he would come to China again. (同位语从句)
I’ll remember the hope that the foreigner expressed to me. (定语从句)
2.同位语从句所说明的名词通常是抽象名词,而定语从句的先行词无此限制。如:
The possibility that scientists can clone a man may come true. (同位语从句)
This is the horse that the scientist cloned. (定语从句)
3.that引导同位语从句时在句中不作成分,通常不能省略,只起连接作用。that引导定语从句时为关系代词,它除了起连接作用外,在从句中还要充当某一成分(如主语、宾语),作宾语时可以省略。如:
He made a promise that if anyone set him free he would make him very rich. (同位语从句)
I still remember the promise (that) he made. (定语从句)
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1. made the school proud was
more than 60% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
2. he lied about his academic background at the interview really surprised us after the truth came out.
3.Go and get your coat after you take a bath. It’s just you left it.
4. she couldn’t understand was
fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
5.The problem will be sent to work there hasn’t been solved.
6.The last time we had great fun was we were visiting the Water Park.
7.Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen from ancient times can reveal they viewed the world and went on in the workshops that produced them.
8.Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from their parents speak at home.
9.They haven’t made a decision they should continue to do business with the company.
10.To be honest, I am not the person deserving the honour; it should be given to we think has made the greatest contribution.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.He looked at the invitation, wondering .
他看着邀请函,想知道自己为什么会被邀请。
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class.
我认为把学生随机配对参加课后英语口语训练不是一个好主意。
3.The news at the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou was reported in yesterday’s newspaper.
昨天的报纸报道了我们的运动员在第十九届杭州亚运会上又获得一枚金牌的消息。
4.[2022·全国乙卷书面表达] in learning English is reading different categories of English books, ranging from biographies of celebrities, classics to popular science.
在英语学习中使我们受益最大的是阅读不同类别的英语书籍,从名人传记、经典名著到科普读物。
5.[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] To be a smart online learner, whenever necessary and focus on .
为了成为一个聪明的在线学习者,我建议我们在必要的时候与老师交流,并专注于老师说的话。Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.It remains to be seen we can put aside differences and focus on common interests.
2.He doesn’t read the English text very often. That’s he has failed again.
3. he is worried about is not your physical health but your mental health.
4.We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
5.I was wondering you’d like to go to the cinema with me this evening.
6.It was with my assistance he realized his dream.
7.If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely he will get the job.
8.During my trip to Guilin, impressed me most was the view was really breathtaking there.
9.After five hours’ drive, they reached
the locals called Paradise.
10.A reading room is you can read newspapers and magazines as well as books.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.We haven’t decided yet . (宾语从句)
我们还没有决定把我们的新家具放在哪里。
2. was that he won the first prize in the maths competition. (主语从句)
最让我们激动的是他在数学竞赛中获得了一等奖。
3.The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was .
(表语从句)
他没通过考试的原因是他以前没有努力学习。
4.Before I go shopping, I’ll make a list of for the coming season. (宾语从句)
在购物前,我会列出我的孩子们在即将到来的季节里需要的东西。
5.There is no scientific proof for the idea . (同位语从句)
没有科学证据支持这种想法——时空之旅是可能的。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空
In China, the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back to as far as 7,000 years. As early as the Shang Dynasty, bamboo 1. (use) for food, clothing, housing, transportation, musical instruments and even weapons.
The 2. (apply) of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling. In 251 BC, Li Bing, in Sichuan, 3. (lead) the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs, the first irrigation network in the world, in which bamboo played 4. important role. The world’s oldest water pipe was also made of bamboo. During the Han Dynasty, the people in Sichuan 5. (successful) sank a 1,600-metre-deep well with thick bamboo ropes. This technology did not spread to Europe 6. the 19th century, and it was by using the technology 7. the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.
In Chinese culture, bamboo is well-known 8. one of the “four gentlemen” in plants. To many distinguished men, bamboo, always closely 9. (relate) to people of positive spirits, is a symbol of goodness and honesty. People are encouraged to hold on when 10. (face) tough situations just like bamboo.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
[2024·吉林普通高中G6教考联盟高二期末]
Culture shock is a broad term for a series of personal difficulties that people go through in new places and is usually most extreme for those who can not speak the language of the place they have moved to or for those who aren’t familiar with the social rules. Both of these things applied to me in China when I moved there in 2011. So, naturally I went through the full well-known stages of culture shock: the honeymoon, frustration, adjustment and acceptance.
When I arrived I was excited and optimistic but I quickly became annoyed by cultural differences, missing how things worked back home.
By the end of my first year I had totally lost my self confidence and I became a bit clumsy and sensitive person and I thought it was China that made me that way.
Then in my second year I started to pick up some language skills and I found fun activities to do in my spare time. I made great foreign and Chinese friends and later I developed an interest in Chinese history and culture. Based on the above I learned to consider myself a confident and happy foreigner.
Today I’m back in the US where I’m pursuing a PhD at university in my hometown. It’s been a little tough to readjust to the life in my home country. I suffered at first from reverse culture shock, experiencing the four stages in the opposite order.
I’d complain loudly about the little things like I could no longer shout “fu wu yuan” to get a waiter’s attention in a restaurant. But eventually I came to realize that my home had become an entirely new place when I was away. That, by itself , was exciting.
( )1.Which stage of culture shock does Paragraph 3 mainly describe
A.The honeymoon. B.Frustration.
C.Adjustment. D.Acceptance.
( )2.Which least helped the author ease his culture shock in China
A.Making local friends.
B.Joining in fun activities.
C.Attending history courses.
D.Learning the Chinese language.
( )3.What does the underlined word “reverse” mean
A.Exchanging the position completely.
B.Changing the previous decision.
C.Stopping having a particular position.
D.Changing the order of something around.
( )4.What can we learn about the author according to the last paragraph
A.He began to feel that life in the US was boring.
B.He wished to call “fu wu yuan” in a restaurant.
C.He was unable to accept American life.
D.He needed to adjust himself to his native life.
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·广东惠州高二教学质量检测]
Studying abroad is a big decision which should be taken seriously. To leave your comfort zone and be pushed into an entirely new environment, with its own climate, culture, and customs, is a bold move. 1. However, once you overcome these challenges, studying abroad can bring numerous rewards.
Unsurprisingly, living and studying in an unfamiliar culture will lead to some degree of culture shock, which can bring about feelings of frustration, homesickness, and maybe even regret. 2. Learning more about the local customs and traditions, for instance, will help you bridge your knowledge gap and better understand the country. Plus, making friends with locals will help relieve your negative feelings.
Just like many overseas students, you might face tremendous economic pressure. Apart from considering studying in a more affordable country, managing your finances and budgeting is key. Following some simple finance tips can help you reduce your expenses. 3. Researching the rental prices in different neighbourhoods can also save you money in the long run.
Another common problem that usually arises is adjusting to the new pace of life. 4. If you leave a bustling Chinese city for a quiet European town, you might feel depressed that things flow a lot slower. On the flip side, you might feel overwhelmed when moving from a leisure environment to a busy one.
So what’s the solution Well, reading up on the way of life in a foreign country beforehand can help you decide whether it is compatible (兼容的) with your personality, goals, and desired lifestyle. After all, you probably wouldn’t choose London if you dislike crowds. Similarly, Spain might be unappealing to you if you like hanging out at night. 5.
A.Trying hard to get rid of these negative emotions.
B.Embracing your host culture is key to handling it.
C.This might mean cooking at home or using public transport.
D.It’s obvious that adapting to a new life is more than challenging.
E.It can cause various emotions, depending on where you come from.
F.All the sudden changes will definitely cause some adjustment problems.
G.Doing your research in advance will better prepare you for your life ahead.
●Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·广东中山高二月考]
The Chinese screen, also known as pingfeng, is 1. unique and elegant piece of traditional furniture in Chinese decoration. 2. (typical), it is made of wood and features a delicate appearance. Famous for its carvings and paintings, the Chinese screen can block wind and noise from the outside, cover a door and make the room private. When 3. (decorate) a house, Chinese people attach great importance 4. the harmony of their living space with the surrounding environment. Architects believe a screen can help to control how the energy flow in a room and promote 5. (peace) environment.
With its roots in Chinese culture and ancient history, the screen is more than just a physical barrier or decoration. In addition to its decorative and practical 6. (function), the Chinese screen 7. (consider) a symbol of honour and respect as well. When important guests visit, the host often greets them behind the screen as a sign of respect and privacy.
Today, Chinese screens are still treasured and employed for their multiple roles. Whether 8. (use) to divide a room, create privacy, 9. add a touch of traditional elegance to a space, the Chinese screen 10. (remain) a beloved and valuable piece of design. (共86张PPT)
Period Three
Learning About Language (Grammar)
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
1.motivated adj.(very enthusiastic or determined because you really
want to do something)积极的;主动的
(教材P16)I became more motivated, and I'm also a lot more
ambitious now!
我变得更积极,而且我现在也更加有抱负了!
(1)stay/keep/remain motivated 保持积极性
(2)motivate vt. 成为……的动机;激发;激励
motivate sb to do sth 激励某人做某事
be motivated by 受……鼓舞/鼓励
(3)motivation n. 动力;积极性;动机
【佳句背诵】
While some people are motivated by a need for success, others
are motivated by a fear of failure.
有些人的动力源于对成功的渴望，而另一些人则源于害怕失败。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The______________ (motivate) behind the decision is the desire to
improve our service to our customers.
②In order to keep team members positive and _____________
(motivate), the team leader himself needs to show these qualities.
③The plan is designed to motivate employees ___________ (work)
more efficiently.
motivation
motivated
to work
◆完成句子
④__________________________________________________________________
__________________________,the more quickly a person will learn a
foreign language.
动机越强,一个人学习外语的速度就越快。
The stronger the motivation is/The more highly a person is motivated
⑤Not only does the activity enrich our school life but also it
______________________________________________________.
这项活动不仅丰富了我们的学校生活，而且激发了我们学好英语的热情。
(应用文写作之活动感受)
motivates our passion to learn English well
2.expectation n. (the feeling that good things are going to happen
in the future)期望;预期;期待
(教材P17) The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable
expectations when studying abroad.
这位顾问谈到了在国外学习期间要保持合理的期望。
(1)beyond one's expectation(s) 出乎某人的意料
come up to/live up to/meet one's expectations
不负某人所望
(2)expect v. 等待;预料;预计;要求;期望;指望
expect sb/sth to do sth 预料某人会做某事/
预计某物会……
(3)expected adj. 预料的;预期的
unexpected adj. 出乎意料的;始料不及的
unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地,意料之外地
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The company failed to meet investors' ________________ (expect),
causing its stock price to fall sharply.
②Try to control your impatience when any _______________ (expect)
problem arises.
expectations
unexpected
③[2023·北京卷] The e-mail started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you
for your interest” and “the review process took longer than
____________ (expect).”
expected
◆完成句子
④[2021·浙江1月考读后续写] The video got thousands of clicks and
reviews within hours, ______________________________________________
_______________.
这段视频在数小时内获得了数千次点击和评论，这完全出乎我的意料。
which was totally beyond my expectations
⑤[2020·浙江7月考应用文写作] I believe in the near future, you will
get our good news and we _______________________________________
________________________________.
我相信在不久的将来，你会得到我们的好消息，我们将不会辜负你的期望。
will live up to/come up to/meet your expectations
3.exposure n. (the fact of experiencing something or being
affected by it because of being in a particular situation or place)接
触;体验;暴露;揭露
(教材P17) Exposure to another culture and its people can give
exchange students great insights into the world.
接触另一种文化及其人民可以让交换生很好地洞察世界。
(1)expose vt. 使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)
expose…to… 使……暴露于……
(2)exposed adj. 暴露的,无遮蔽的
be exposed to… 接触……;被暴露于……
【佳句背诵】
Don't expose your skin to sunlight directly, or you will get
sunburnt.
不要把你的皮肤直接暴露在阳光下,否则你会被晒伤的。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2021·浙江6月考] Many people in China have limited
____________(expose) to English. That makes it extra hard to learn
and practise it.
exposure
②[2020·全国卷Ⅰ] The engineers are also trying to develop an on
and off “switch” where the glow would fade when ___________
(expose) to daylight.
exposed
③[2022·全国乙卷] They often cover only their eyes with their hands,
leaving the rest of their bodies ___________ (expose).
exposed
◆完成句子/一句多译
④Seeing us approaching, she smiled joyfully,
_______________________________________.
看到我们走近,她笑逐颜开,露出了漂亮的小白牙。(读后续写之神态描写)
exposing nice little white teeth
⑤当孩子们处于困难的环境中时，他们更善于处理具有挑战性的情况。
→When children _______________________________________________
difficult situations, they are better at handling challenging situations.
→____________________________________________ difficult situations,
children are better at handling challenging situations. (用分词作状语)
are exposed to/expose themselves to
Exposed to/Exposing themselves to
【探索发现】
①What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie
Lei.
②It's important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her
studies and her social life.
③That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as
a first or second language.
④Her tutor explained that she was supposed to read lots of
information to help form a wise opinion of her own.
⑤He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.
⑥The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very
encouraging.
【归纳用法】
1.以上所有例句皆为主从复合句,句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从
句)在句中充当成分。
2.例句①为what引导的___________。例句②中it为___________,真正的主语为
后面that引导的主语从句。
3.例句③为why引导的___________。
4.例句④为that引导的___________。例句⑤中it为___________,真正的宾语为
后面that引导的宾语从句。
5.例句⑥为that引导的______________。
主语从句
形式主语
表语从句
宾语从句
形式宾语
同位语从句
Review of noun clauses
(复习名词性从句)
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词
词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语,因此根据它在句中不同
的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语
从句。
一、名词性从句的定义、分类及其连接词
1.定义:在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(noun clause)。
2.分类:根据它在句中不同的语法功能分为主语从句(subject clause)、宾语从
句(object clause)、表语从句(predicative clause)和同位语从句(appositive
clause)。
3.连接词
类别 连接词 意义 功能
从属连词 that 无意义 不充当成分
whether/if 是否 不充当成分
连接代词 what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、宾语、表语、定语
which(ever) (无论)哪一个 主语、宾语、定语
who(ever) (无论)谁 主语、宾语、表语
whom 谁 宾语
whose 谁的 定语
类别 连接词 意义 功能
连接副词 when(ever) (无论)何时 时间状语
where(ver) (无论在)哪里 地点状语
why 为何 原因状语
how 如何 方式状语
续表
二、主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前,或由
形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。引导主语从句的连接词有that,
whether, who, what, whatever等。如:
That he finished writing the composition in such a short time
surprised us all.
=It surprised us all that he finished writing the composition in
such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内写完作文,这让我们都感到吃惊。
Who will be sent there to start a branch hasn't been decided.
谁将被派到那里开一家分店还未确定。
［注意一］
that与what的异同
that和what都可引导主语从句。what除了起连接作用外,还在主语从句中充当
某一成分,如宾语、主语、表语等;that在主语从句中不充当任何成分,无任何含
义,只起连接作用。如:
What surprised me was that the little girl played the violin so
well.(what在主语从句中作主语)
使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩儿小提琴拉得这么好。
That light travels faster than sound is known to us all.(that只起连
接作用) 众所周知,光的传播速度比声音快。
［注意二］
1.that引导的主语从句,常用形式主语it代替。构成“It be+形容词/名词/某些
动词的过去分词+that 从句.”。
2.在有些that引导的主语从句中要用虚拟语气“(should) do/be done或
should have (been) done”。如:
It is important that we all (should) attend the meeting.
我们都应该参加会议,这很重要。
三、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中充当句子的宾语。宾语从句的引导词有:连接词
that,if/whether;连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which等;连接副词
when,where,why,how等。如:
Tom asked me if/whether I had seen the film See You Tomorrow.
汤姆问我是否看了电影《摆渡人》。
Pay attention to what the teacher said.
注意听老师说的话。
［注意］
1.如果动词宾语后有补语,那么要使用it作形式宾语,然后把宾语从句放在补语之
后。如:
I feel it possible that you will finish the work in a day.
我觉得你在一天之内完成这项工作是有可能的。
2.宾语从句的时态
(1)若主句为现在时态或将来时态,宾语从句可以选择适当的时态。如:
Will you tell me how I can keep fit
你能告诉我如何保持健康吗
(2)如果主句的时态是一般过去时,那么从句要采用相应的过去时态;如果从句描
述的是客观事实,那么从句的时态不可调整。如:
She remembered that she had left her wallet at the school gate.
她记得她把钱包落在校门口了。
Our teacher said that the earth revolves around the sun.
我们老师说地球绕着太阳转。
3.宾语从句中只用whether不用if的情况:
(1)介词后的宾语从句只用whether引导。如:
He was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings.
他在担心他是否伤害了她的感情。
(2)当whether引导的宾语从句位于句首表示强调时,不能被if替换。如:
Whether he will come or not, I am not sure.
我不确定他是否会来。
(3)whether经常与or not 直接连用,构成whether or not结构。如:
I don't know whether or not this idea can be put into practice.
我不知道这一想法能否付诸实践。
(4)后接动词不定式时只能用whether。如:
Can you tell me whether to go or stay
你能否告诉我是去还是留
(5)动词discuss后面只能接whether引导的宾语从句。如:
We discussed whether we should close the shop.
我们讨论了我们是否应该关闭这家商店。
4.从句中要用陈述语序。如:
She always thinks of how she can work well.
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
四、表语从句
若一个句子在复合句中充当表语那么它就叫作表语从句。表语从句放在连
系动词后,其基本结构为:主语+系动词+表语从句。
表语从句的引导词有:连接词that,whether,as if等;连接代词who,whose,
what,which等;连接副词when,where,how,why等。另外,as,because也可引导
表语从句。如:
Chinese Women's Football Team won the championship of AFC
Women's Asian Cup. That is why the fans were so excited.
中国女足赢得了亚足联女子亚洲杯的冠军。那就是球迷们如此兴奋的原因。
That is what he is worried about.
那正是他所担心的。
It looked as if it was going to snow.
看起来好像要下雪了。
Her wish is that he can join the army.
她的愿望是他能参军。
［注意］
1.表语从句的引导词that不能省略。
2.表语从句的时态不受主句的限制。
3.表语从句不能用 if 引导,要用whether。
4.主语是reason时,表语从句常用that引导,不用because。如:
The reason why Peter was absent from my birthday party was
that he had gone to China for his holiday.
彼得缺席了我的生日聚会,是因为他去中国度假了。
五、同位语从句
在复合句中作某一名词尤其是抽象名词的同位语(一般位于该名词之后,说
明该名词的具体内容)的从句叫同位语从句。能跟同位语从句的名词一般是
answer,conclusion,evidence,explanation,fact,hope,idea,information,
news,report,truth,possibility,suggestion,problem,promise, wish等抽象
名词。
同位语从句的引导词:
类别 例词 说明
从属连词 that,whether 二者在从句中均不作成分;that无实义, whether意为“是否”
连接代词 who,whom,whose, which,what等 有实义,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分
连接副词 when,where,why, how等 有实义,在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语等成分
如:
The news that Su Yiming won the gold medal at the 2022
Olympic Winter Games was quite exciting.
苏翊鸣在2022年冬奥会上获得了金牌的消息非常令人激动。
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth
trusting.
他是否值得信赖的问题不是我们正在调查的。
［注意一］
分隔式同位语从句:有时同位语从句与其所说明的名词会被其他成分隔开,从而
形成分隔式同位语从句,这样主要是为了保持句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻。如:
News came from the school office that Wang Lin had been
admitted to Peking University.
从学校办公室传来消息,说王林被北京大学录取了。
［注意二］
名词suggestion, order, demand, command, request, desire, proposal
等词后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+do”结
构,should可省略。如:
We'd better accept his suggestion that we (should) start right now.
我们最好接受他的建议,立刻动身。
［注意三］
名词doubt(怀疑)后可跟同位语从句:用于肯定句中时用whether引导;用于否定
句和疑问句中时则用that引导。如:
There is some doubt whether they will come to help us.
他们是否会来帮助我们还不确定。
I have no doubt that he will win the game.
我坚信他会赢得这场比赛。
［注意四］
同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
1.同位语从句对某一名词进行进一步的解释或补充说明;而定语从句对先行词起
修饰或限定的作用。如:
The foreigner expressed the hope that he would come to China
again. (同位语从句)
I'll remember the hope that the foreigner expressed to me.
(定语从句)
2.同位语从句所说明的名词通常是抽象名词,而定语从句的先行词无此限制。如:
The possibility that scientists can clone a man may come true.
(同位语从句)
This is the horse that the scientist cloned. (定语从句)
3.that引导同位语从句时在句中不作成分,通常不能省略,只起连接作用。that引
导定语从句时为关系代词,它除了起连接作用外,在从句中还要充当某一成分
(如主语、宾语),作宾语时可以省略。如:
He made a promise that if anyone set him free he would make
him very rich. (同位语从句)
I still remember the promise (that) he made. (定语从句)
【实战演练】
Ⅰ单句填空
1.________made the school proud was ______more than 60% of the
students had been admitted to key universities.
2._______ he lied about his academic background at the interview
really surprised us after the truth came out.
3.Go and get your coat after you take a bath. It's just _________you
left it.
What
that
That
where
4.________she couldn't understand was ______fewer and fewer
students showed interest in her lessons.
5.The problem _______will be sent to work there hasn't been solved.
6.The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the
Water Park.
What
why
who
when
7.Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen from ancient times can
reveal_______they viewed the world and _______ went on in the
workshops that produced them.
how
what
8.Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a
language different from _______their parents speak at home.
9.They haven't made a decision ___________ they should continue
to do business with the company.
what
whether
10.To be honest, I am not the person deserving the honour; it
should be given to ____________ we think has made the greatest
contribution.
whoever
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.He looked at the invitation, wondering _________________________.
他看着邀请函,想知道自己为什么会被邀请。
why he was invited
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] ___________________________________
___________________________________________ to randomly pair up
students for the spoken English training after class.
我认为把学生随机配对参加课后英语口语训练不是一个好主意。
I think it's not a good idea/I don't think it is a good idea
3.The news ____________________________________________________ at
the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou was reported in yesterday's
newspaper.
昨天的报纸报道了我们的运动员在第十九届杭州亚运会上又获得一枚金牌的
消息。
that our athlete won another gold medal
4.[2022·全国乙卷书面表达] _____________________________ in learning
English is reading different categories of English books, ranging
from biographies of celebrities, classics to popular science.
在英语学习中使我们受益最大的是阅读不同类别的英语书籍，从名人传记、经
典名著到科普读物。
What benefits us most
5.[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] To be a smart online learner, __________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________whenever necessary and focus on _______________________
_____.
为了成为一个聪明的在线学习者，我建议我们在必要的时候与老师交流，并专
注于老师说的话。
what the teachers say
I suggest
we (should) communicate with the teachers/my
suggestion is that we (should) communicate with the
teachers
练 习 册
Ⅰ单句填空
1.It remains to be seen ___________ we can put aside differences
and focus on common interests.
whether
2.He doesn't read the English text very often. That's ______ he has
failed again.
why
3.________ he is worried about is not your physical health but your
mental health.
What
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.We promise ____________ attends the party a chance to have a
photo taken with the movie star.
whoever
5.I was wondering ______________ you'd like to go to the cinema
with me this evening.
if/whether
6.It was with my assistance ______he realized his dream.
that
7.If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely ______ he will get
the job.
that
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.During my trip to Guilin, _______ impressed me most was______
the view was really breathtaking there.
what
that
9.After five hours' drive, they reached _______the locals called
Paradise.
what
10.A reading room is _________ you can read newspapers and
magazines as well as books.
where
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.We haven't decided yet __________________________________________
_________________. (宾语从句)
我们还没有决定把我们的新家具放在哪里。
where we are going to place our new furniture
2.____________________________was that he won the first prize in the
maths competition. (主语从句)
最让我们激动的是他在数学竞赛中获得了一等奖。
What excited us most
1
2
3
4
5
3.The reason why he didn't pass the exam was
____________________________________________.(表语从句)
他没通过考试的原因是他以前没有努力学习。
that he hadn't studied hard before
4.Before I go shopping, I'll make a list of _________________________
______for the coming season. (宾语从句)
在购物前,我会列出我的孩子们在即将到来的季节里需要的东西。
what my kids will need
5.There is no scientific proof for the idea _________________________
__________. (同位语从句)
没有科学证据支持这种想法——时空之旅是可能的。
that time travel is possible
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ语篇填空
In China, the history of people planting and using bamboo can
date back to as far as 7,000 years. As early as the Shang Dynasty,
bamboo 1._____________ (use) for food, clothing, housing,
transportation, musical instruments and even weapons.
The 2._______________ (apply) of bamboo in science and
technology is thrilling. In 251 BC, Li Bing, in Sichuan, 3._____(lead)
the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs, the first irrigation
network in the world, in which bamboo played 4._____ important
role. The world's oldest water pipe was also made of bamboo.
was used
application
led
an
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
During the Han Dynasty, the people in Sichuan 5._______________
(successful) sank a 1,600-metre-deep well with thick bamboo ropes.
This technology did not spread to Europe 6._______ the 19th
century, and it was by using the technology 7.______ the Americans
drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.
In Chinese culture, bamboo is well-known 8.____ one of the
“four gentlemen” in plants. To many distinguished men, bamboo,
always closely 9.__________ (relate) to people of positive spirits, is a
symbol of goodness and honesty. People are encouraged to hold
on when 10._________ (face) tough situations just like bamboo.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竹子在中国的历史及在我们日常
生活中的巨大作用。
successfully
until
that
as
related
facing
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1._____________
was used
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语as early as the
Shang Dynasty可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，主语为第三人
称单数，be动词用was；且bamboo 与use“使用”为被动关系，用被动语态。
故填was used。
2._______________
application
[解析] 考查名词。分析句子可知此处缺主语，因此应用名词application“应
用”。故填application。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3._____
led
[解析] 考查时态。根据句子的时间状语in 251 BC可知，事情发生在过去，故
时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式led意为“带领”。故填led。
4._____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。play a…role意为“起……的作用”，且important发音以
元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
5._______________
successfully
[解析] 考查副词。此处应用副词successfully“成功地”，修饰谓语动词sank。
故填successfully。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6._______
until
[解析] 考查连词。not…until…意为“直到……才……”。故填until。
7.______
that
[解析] 考查强调句。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句，句型为“It be+被强
调部分+that+其他.”，此处强调句子的方式状语by using the technology。
故填that。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.____
as
[解析] 考查介词。句意：在中国文化中，竹子被誉为植物中的“四君子”之
一。be well-known as意为“众所周知”，为固定短语。故填as。
9.__________
related
[解析] 考查形容词。be related to意为“与……有关系”，为固定短语。故
填related。
10._________
facing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。when…(face) tough situations在句中作时间状语，
face“面对”与其逻辑主语people之间是主动关系，应用现在分词短语作状
语。故填facing。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅳ阅读理解
[2024·吉林普通高中G6教考联盟高二期末]
Culture shock is a broad term for a series of personal
difficulties that people go through in new places and is usually
most extreme for those who can not speak the language of the
place they have moved to or for those who aren't familiar with the
social rules. Both of these things applied to me in China when I
moved there in 2011. So, naturally I went through the full well-
1
2
3
4
known stages of culture shock: the honeymoon, frustration,
adjustment and acceptance.
When I arrived I was excited and optimistic but I quickly
became annoyed by cultural differences, missing how things
worked back home.
By the end of my first year I had totally lost my self
confidence and I became a bit clumsy and sensitive person and I
thought it was China that made me that way.
1
2
3
4
Then in my second year I started to pick up some language
skills and I found fun activities to do in my spare time. I made
great foreign and Chinese friends and later I developed an interest
in Chinese history and culture. Based on the above I learned to
consider myself a confident and happy foreigner.
Today I'm back in the US where I'm pursuing a PhD at
university in my hometown. It's been a little tough to readjust to
the life in my home country. I suffered at first from reverse culture
shock, experiencing the four stages in the opposite order.
1
2
3
4
I'd complain loudly about the little things like I could no
longer shout “fu wu yuan” to get a waiter's attention in a
restaurant. But eventually I came to realize that my home had
become an entirely new place when I was away. That, by itself ,
was exciting.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在中国期间经历的文化冲击
的四个阶段：蜜月期、沮丧期、调整期和接受期。回到美国后，作者又经历了
“反向”文化冲击。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.Which stage of culture shock does Paragraph 3 mainly
describe
B
A.The honeymoon. B.Frustration.
C.Adjustment. D.Acceptance.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段“By the end of my first year I had
totally lost my self confidence and I became a bit clumsy and
sensitive person and I thought it was China that made me that
way.”可推断，本段作者主要描述了文化冲击的“沮丧期”阶段。故选B项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.Which least helped the author ease his culture shock in
China
C
A.Making local friends.
B.Joining in fun activities.
C.Attending history courses.
D.Learning the Chinese language.
1
2
3
4
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段“Then in my second year I started to
pick up some language skills and I found fun activities to do in
my spare time. I made great foreign and Chinese friends and later
I developed an interest in Chinese history and culture. Based on
the above I learned to consider myself a confident and happy
foreigner.”可知，学习汉语、结交当地的朋友、参加有趣的活动能帮助作者
缓解他在中国的文化冲击，让他渐渐对中国历史和文化产生兴趣。文章中没有
提到参加历史课程的学习。由此可知，学习历史课程对作者缓解文化冲击没有
什么帮助。故选C项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What does the underlined word “reverse” mean
D
A.Exchanging the position completely.
B.Changing the previous decision.
C.Stopping having a particular position.
D.Changing the order of something around.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线单词后面的部分experiencing the four
stages in the opposite order (以相反的顺序经历这四个阶段)可知，在美
国，作者又经历了“反向”文化冲击，所以画线单词reverse的意义为“反向
的”。故选D项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.What can we learn about the author according to the last
paragraph
D
A.He began to feel that life in the US was boring.
B.He wished to call “fu wu yuan” in a restaurant.
C.He was unable to accept American life.
D.He needed to adjust himself to his native life.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But eventually I came to realize
that my home had become an entirely new place when I was away.”
可推断，作者需要调整自己以适应家乡的生活。故选D项。
1
2
3
4
Ⅴ阅读七选五
[2024·广东惠州高二教学质量检测]
Studying abroad is a big decision which should be taken
seriously. To leave your comfort zone and be pushed into an
entirely new environment, with its own climate, culture, and
customs, is a bold move. 1.___ However, once you overcome these
challenges, studying abroad can bring numerous rewards.
Unsurprisingly, living and studying in an unfamiliar culture will
lead to some degree of culture shock, which can bring about
feelings of frustration, homesickness, and maybe even regret.
F
1
2
3
4
5
2.___ Learning more about the local customs and traditions, for
instance, will help you bridge your knowledge gap and better
understand the country. Plus, making friends with locals will help
relieve your negative feelings.
Just like many overseas students, you might face tremendous
economic pressure. Apart from considering studying in a more
affordable country, managing your finances and budgeting is key.
Following some simple finance tips can help you reduce your
expenses. 3.___ Researching the rental prices in different
neighbourhoods can also save you money in the long run.
B
C
1
2
3
4
5
Another common problem that usually arises is adjusting to
the new pace of life. 4.___ If you leave a bustling Chinese city for
a quiet European town, you might feel depressed that things flow
a lot slower. On the flip side, you might feel overwhelmed when
moving from a leisure environment to a busy one.
So what's the solution Well, reading up on the way of life in
a foreign country beforehand can help you decide whether it is
compatible (兼容的) with your personality, goals, and desired
lifestyle. After all, you probably wouldn't choose London if you
dislike crowds. Similarly, Spain might be unappealing to you if you
like hanging out at night. 5.____
E
G
1
2
3
4
5
A.Trying hard to get rid of these negative emotions.
B.Embracing your host culture is key to handling it.
C.This might mean cooking at home or using public transport.
D.It's obvious that adapting to a new life is more than challenging.
E.It can cause various emotions, depending on where you come
from.
F.All the sudden changes will definitely cause some adjustment
problems.
G.Doing your research in advance will better prepare you for your
life ahead.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了出国留学所面临的挑战和解
决方法。
1
2
3
4
5
1.___
F
[解析] 上文“Studying abroad is a big decision which should be
taken seriously. To leave your comfort zone and be pushed into an
entirely new environment, with its own climate, culture, and
customs, is a bold move.”指出出国留学会让你离开你的舒适区，进入一
个全新的环境，这会给你带来一些改变，下文“However, once you
overcome these challenges, studying abroad can bring numerous
rewards.”指出你克服这些挑战会有很多回报，由此可知，空处承上启下，指
出出国留学会有很多挑战，F项“突然的变化肯定会带来一些适应的问题。”
符合题意，sudden changes呼应上文的To leave your comfort zone and
be pushed into an entirely new environment，同时some adjustment
problems呼应下文these challenges，故选F。
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
B
[解析] 上文“Unsurprisingly, living and studying in an unfamiliar
culture will lead to some degree of culture shock, which can bring
about feelings of frustration, homesickness, and maybe even regret.”
指出在陌生的文化中生活和学习会导致文化冲击，下文“Learning more
about the local customs and traditions, for instance, will help you
bridge your knowledge gap and better understand the country.”具
体指出了如何应对文化冲击，即了解当地文化和传统，由此可知，空处应指出
要融入到当地文化中，以此来应对文化冲击，B项“拥抱你的东道国文化是应
对这一问题的关键。”承上启下，故选B。
1
2
3
4
5
3.___
C
[解析] 上文“Following some simple finance tips can help you
reduce your expenses.”指出遵循一些简单的财务技巧能帮助你减少开支，
下文“Researching the rental prices in different neighbourhoods can
also save you money in the long run.”介绍了省钱的方法，also是关键，
由此可知，空处也应是介绍省钱的方法，C项“这可能意味着在家做饭或使用
公共交通工具。”是减少开支的方法，故选C。
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2
3
4
5
4.___
E
[解析] 下文“If you leave a bustling Chinese city for a quiet
European town, you might feel depressed that things flow a lot
slower. On the flip side, you might feel overwhelmed when moving
from a leisure environment to a busy one.”可知，离开一个地方来到
一个新地方，会引起情绪变化，E项“它可能会引起各种情绪，具体取决于你
来自哪里。”符合语境，it代指上文的adjusting to the new pace of life，
故选E。
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2
3
4
5
5.____
G
[解析] 上文“Well, reading up on the way of life in a foreign
country beforehand can help you decide whether it is compatible
(兼容的) with your personality, goals, and desired lifestyle. After all,
you probably wouldn't choose London if you dislike crowds.
Similarly, Spain might be unappealing to you if you like hanging
out at night.”举例说明要事先了解国外的生活方式，空处应该是承接上文，
指出提前了解国外生活的好处，G项“提前进行研究将使您更好地为未来的生
活做好准备。”符合题意，故选G。
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2
3
4
5
Ⅵ语法填空
[2024·广东中山高二月考]
The Chinese screen, also known as pingfeng, is 1.___ unique
and elegant piece of traditional furniture in Chinese decoration.
2.____________ (typical), it is made of wood and features a delicate
appearance. Famous for its carvings and paintings, the Chinese
screen can block wind and noise from the outside, cover a door
and make the room private. When 3.______________ (decorate) a
house, Chinese people attach great importance 4.____ the harmony
a
Typically
decorating
to
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
of their living space with the surrounding environment. Architects
believe a screen can help to control how the energy flow in a
room and promote 5.____________ (peace) environment.
With its roots in Chinese culture and ancient history, the screen
is more than just a physical barrier or decoration. In addition to its
decorative and practical 6.____________ (function), the Chinese
screen 7._________________ (consider) a symbol of honour and
respect as well. When important guests visit, the host often greets
them behind the screen as a sign of respect and privacy.
peaceful
functions
is considered
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Today, Chinese screens are still treasured and employed for
their multiple roles. Whether 8._______ (use) to divide a room,
create privacy, 9.____ add a touch of traditional elegance to a
space, the Chinese screen 10.___________ (remain) a beloved and
valuable piece of design.
used
or
remains
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国装饰中独特典雅的传统家
具——屏风，主要包括其特色、功能和象征意义等信息。
1.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个，一种”，应
用不定冠词，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
2.____________
Typically
[解析] 考查副词。分析句子可知，空处用副词修饰整个句子，typical的副词
形式为typically，意为“通常，一般”，且空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故
填Typically。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.______________
decorating
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为状语从句的省略，且decorate与Chinese
people为主动关系，故用现在分词。故填decorating。
4.____
to
[解析] 考查介词。此处为固定短语attach importance to，意为“重视，注
重”。故填to。
5.____________
peaceful
[解析] 考查形容词。修饰名词environment应用形容词peaceful。故填
peaceful。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6.____________
functions
[解析] 考查名词复数。分析句子可知，空处作in addition to的宾语，结合空
前的its decorative and practical可知，功能不止一个，function应用复数
形式。故填functions。
7._________________
is considered
[解析] 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，此
处在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，consider“认为”和主语the
Chinese screen之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，be动词应
用is。故填is considered。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8._______
used
[解析] 考查状语从句的省略。分析句子可知，此处用了whether引导让步状语
从句，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句中含有be动词，对从句主语和
be动词进行了省略，use“使用”和被省略的主语the Chinese screen之间
是被动关系，应用use的过去分词形式。故填used。
9.____
or
[解析] 考查固定句型。表示“无论是……还是……”句型为whether…or…。
故填or。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10.___________
remains
[解析] 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，此处在描
述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，且主语the Chinese screen为单数，
remain应用第三人称单数形式。故填remains。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
