Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
语言精讲
1.①wrapped ②wrapped ③when/as she unwrapped the box ④wrapped it with bandages
2.①slipped ②has slipped ③小错误 ④纸条 ⑤滑倒
⑥下滑;退步 ⑦被忘记 ⑧when his feet slipped
3.①delaying ②seeking ③delayed ④rushed out of the house without any delay ⑤The flight had a 30-minute delay; The flight was delayed for 30 minutes
4.①when ②when ③were swimming ④to leave ⑤were searching for the murderer ⑥had just finished her homework when
语法归纳
【归纳用法】
1.主语 2.宾语 3.表语 4.定语 5.宾语补足语
6.状语
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.finishing 2.Shaking 3.smoking 4.looking
5.watching 6.saying 7.moving 8.Finding 9.Having waited 10.Looking
●Ⅱ 1.crying and panicking wouldn’t help
2.Listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day/Listening to soft music for just 30 minutes every day
3.recording everything I discovered
4.Having visited several times
5.Leaving the house; couldn’t help wondering; struggling to survivePeriod Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
Ⅰ.1.Having spent 2.frightening 3.Returning 4.is 5.answering 6.reading 7.being built 8.marking
9.reading 10.saying
Ⅱ.1.setting up more rules 2.His getting up late in the morning 3.studying in the classroom 4.Having tried many times
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于中国浙江省绍兴市的鲁镇。
1.traditional 考查形容词。空处修饰名词residences,用形容词traditional作定语,意为“传统的”。故填traditional。
2.and 考查连词。arched stone bridges和beautiful water views是并列关系,用连词and连接。故填and。
3.actually 考查副词。空处作评注性状语,修饰整个句子,用副词actually,意为“实际上”。故填actually。
4.used 考查时态。use是句中谓语动词,与主语he之间是主动关系,讲述过去的事情用一般过去时。故填used。
5.taking 考查非谓语动词。此处用非谓语动词作介词by的宾语,故填taking。
6.the 考查冠词。along the way是固定短语,意为“沿途”。故填the。
7.where 考查定语从句。此句是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the main street,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,表示“在主要街道”,应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
8.by 考查介词。penned是过去分词作后置定语,表被动,其施动者Lu Xun由介词by引出。故填by。
9.stories 考查名词复数。结合常识和句中the classic scenes可推知,这些经典场景源于鲁迅笔下的多个故事,用复数名词。故填stories。
10.to find 考查非谓语动词。“be+形容词+enough to do…”是固定搭配,意为“足够……做……”,故填to find。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍费利西亚·杰克逊(Felicia Jackson)在经历了儿子在她的汽车后座上停止呼吸后受到激励,发明了一个简单且易操作的工具,使心肺复苏术在高风险的情况下更容易进行。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段“When her son stopped breathing in the back seat of her car, she froze in panic. ”和“However, Felicia was shaken to find that, with all her years of medical experience, she wasn’t able to respond to her son’s emergency under pressure. ”可知,费利西亚对儿子濒死的经历感到很震惊。故选C。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段“This unpleasant situation inspired Felicia to come up with a simple tool to make performing CPR easier, especially in high-risk situations. She created the CPR Wrap, a pocket-sized packaging device that can be laid over the body of the victim to show where the rescuer should put their hands and mouth. ”可知,费利西亚发明了CPR Wrap设备是为了帮助他人做好应急准备。故选B。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第二段“She created the CPR Wrap, a pocket-sized packaging device that can be laid over the body of the victim to show where the rescuer should put their hands and mouth.”和第四段“In the video, Felicia shows viewers the simple process of using her product to perform CPR. She adds that it’s ‘so easy a child could do it.’”可知,费利西亚的心肺复苏术包便携且容易操作。故选D。
4.A 段落大意题。根据最后一段“Felicia Jackson is the inventor, founder, and CEO of CPR Wrap. Her son’s near-death experience inspired her to become the entrepreneur (企业家) she is today. After receiving her A.A.S in Physical Therapy in 2018, she continued to pursue education. She graduated from Launch of Chattanooga Entrepreneurial Academy in 2020 and established the Colab Accelerator Programme in 2021. She and her husband now have three children. Felicia hopes to pass on her entrepreneurial spirit to her children so they may one day start businesses of their own. ”可知,作者在最后一段主要想展示费利西亚的成就。故选A。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一些增强免疫力的方法。
1.A 根据上文“Your immune (免疫) system protects your body from infectious corona viruses by identifying and destroying harmful bacteria.”可知,上句介绍免疫系统的作用,设空处承接上句继续介绍其作用,A项“It also helps you build immunity.”(它还能帮助你建立免疫力。)符合语境。故选A项。
2.E 根据本段小标题“Exercise regularly.”可知,本段主要介绍要通过定期锻炼来提高免疫力。根据下文“It also helps move immune cells already in the bloodstream into tissues.”可知,空格处应说明锻炼的一个好处。E项“Moderate exercise moves immune cells outside of the bone into blood.”(适度的运动会将免疫细胞从骨骼外转移到血液中。)说明锻炼的好处,符合语境。故选E项。
3.F 根据本段小标题“Drink plenty of water.”可知,本段主要介绍要通过多喝水来提高免疫力。根据下文“Water is important because our blood and lymph(淋巴), which have immune cells in them, need water in order to flow to circulate throughout our bodies.”可知,下文说明水重要的原因。所以空格处应先说明水很重要。F项“Water plays crucial roles in your body, including supporting your immune system.”(水在你的身体中起着至关重要的作用,包括支持你的免疫系统。)符合语境。故选F项。
4.B 根据上文“Even if you’re not exercising or sweating, you’re constantly losing water through your breath, as well as through your urine and bowel(排便) movements.”可知,上文讲到水分的流失。B项“So you should be aware of your daily water intake.”(所以你应该注意你每天的饮水量。)与上文构成因果关系,符合语境。故选B项。
5.G 根据本段小标题“Get plenty of sleep.”可知,本段主要介绍要通过充足的睡眠来提高免疫力。G项“Sleep is vitally important for immune function and the immune system’s balance.”(睡眠对免疫功能和免疫系统的平衡至关重要。)符合语境,故选G项。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍中国古代医学之针灸。
1.a 考查冠词。此处表示“一个丰富的历史”,所以应用不定冠词表泛指,且 rich是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
2.to relieve 考查非谓语动词。use sth to do sth表示“用某物做某事”。故填to relieve。
3.into 考查介词。develop into表示“发展成为”。故填into。
4.functions 考查名词复数。function为可数名词,由句意可知,这里应用名词复数形式作宾语。故填functions。
5.which 考查定语从句。此句是非限制性定语从句,先行词the philosophical concepts of traditional Chinese medicine为物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。故填which。
6.is carried 考查时态和语态。主语needle insertion与carry out为被动关系,故用被动语态;且这里时态应用一般现在时,表述客观事实。故填is carried。
7.itself 考查代词。表示“治愈身体自己”,应用反身代词作宾语。故填itself。
8.Looking 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语,we与look为主动关系,应用现在分词作状语,且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Looking。
9.has seen 考查时态和语态。acupuncture与see为主动关系,且由over the years可知,这里时态应用现在完成时。故填has seen。
10.application 考查名词。由and 前的recognition以及句意可知,此处应用名词作宾语。application表示“运用”,为不可数名词。故填application。Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
1.wrap vt. (wrapped,wrapped;wrapping) (to cover sth/sb in material,for example, in order to protect it/them)用……包扎;围住;包、裹
(教材P52)For example, wrap the burnt area loosely with a clean cloth if possible. 例如,如果可能的话,用一块干净的布松散地包裹烧伤的地方。
(1)wrap up 包起来
wrap…in sth 用某物把……裹起来
wrap sth around… 用某物裹住/包住/围住……
(2)unwrap vt. 打开;拆开……的包装
【佳句背诵】
On seeing her father, the little girl fell into him and wrapped her arms around him.
一看到她的父亲,这个小女孩就扑向他并搂住了他。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·浙江1月考] He gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves, (wrap) them with string, and lit the bunch to create a torch(火把).
②It was very cold that day and the man had his torn coat—more like an old suit coat rather than a warm coat (wrap) around him.
◆完成句子
③Later in the night, Molly exclaimed in great excitement —it was the very doll she wanted! 到了晚上,当莫莉打开盒子的时候,她兴奋地叫了起来——这正是她想要的娃娃!(读后续写之情绪
描写)
④She cleaned her knee, applied medicine to the wound, and ,
which made the girl relaxed.
她清理了膝盖,给伤口涂了药,用绷带包扎,这让女孩放松了下来。(读后续写之动作描写)
2.slip vi. (slipped,slipped;slipping) (to slide a short distance by accident so that you fall or nearly fall)滑倒;滑落;溜走 n.滑倒;小错误;纸条
(教材P53)When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.
他从浴缸里出来时,滑倒在地上。
(1)slip away 逃走;悄悄溜走
slip to 滑到;跌至
slip into 悄悄进入,溜进去;(不知不觉地)陷入
slip out of 溜走,从……中滑出
(2)slip sb’s memory/mind
被(某人)忘记
slip through one’s fingers
错过;从某人指缝中溜掉
【佳句背诵】
We have to be prepared all the time so that we won’t let chances slip through our fingers.
我们必须随时做好准备,这样我们就不会错过任何机会。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空/一词多义
①[2022·全国乙卷] When the sun (slip) behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them.
②[2023·浙江1月考] His popularity (slip) since the final season of the show.
③She’s made one or two slips—mainly spelling errors—but it’s basically well written.
④Paul gave me a slip with his telephone number on it.
⑤She slipped over on the ice and broke her leg.
⑥His popularity has slipped recently.
⑦I remembered arranging to meet Richard last night, bu it completely slipped my mind/memory.
◆完成句子
⑧He was walking cautiously along the road and he fell over.
他正小心翼翼沿着路走着,突然他脚下一滑摔倒在地。(读后续写之动作描写)
3.delay n.(the act of delaying)延误;耽搁(的时间);推迟 vi.& vt.推迟;延期(做某事) vt.耽误;耽搁
(教材P53)After arriving, the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen, put in an IV needle, and checked her vital signs.
到达后,救护队很快找到了泰勒夫人,立即给她输氧,插上静脉注射针,并检查她的生命体征。
(1)without delay 立即;毫不拖延地
a delay of+表示时间的名词
……的延误/耽搁
(2)delay doing sth 拖延/延误做某事
(3)delayed 延误的,延迟的;延期的
[温馨提示] 表示“推迟,延迟”的词或短语:postpone; put off
【佳句背诵】
If you delay now, the opportunity might be lost.
现在你如果不赶快行动就可能会失去机会。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Heavy snow continued to affect the airport yesterday, thus (delay) a number of flights.
②Some people have to delay (seek) medical treatment for various reasons, which brings health risks.
③Officials said that the reason for the large number of (delay) flights was the bad weather conditions.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④A thick cloud of smoke greeted him, so he
.
一股浓烟向他袭来,他毫不迟疑地冲出了屋子。(读后
续写之动作描写)
⑤昨天由于天气不好,航班延误了30分钟。
→
yesterday because of the bad weather.(n.)
→
yesterday because of the bad weather.(vt.)
4.be doing…when… 正在做……这时……
(教材P53)One day, she was in her living room cleaning the windows, when suddenly she could no longer feel the right side of her body.
有一天,她正在客厅擦窗户,这时她突然感觉自己右侧身体没有知觉了。
(1)be about to do…+when…
正要做……这时……
(2)be on the point of doing…+when…
正要做……这时……
(3)had just done…+when…
刚做了……这时……
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①He had just walked for about a mile a volunteer searcher found him.
②The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady’s handbag the bus suddenly stopped.
③We (swim) in the lake when suddenly the storm started.
④I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about (leave).
◆完成句子
⑤The police everywhere when he suddenly appeared in the theatre.
当他突然出现在剧院时,警方正在四处搜查谋杀犯。
⑥She
her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
昨天她刚做完作业,她妈妈就叫她去练习弹钢琴。
【探索发现】
①As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
②You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.
③The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
④It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.
⑤If you see someone choking,first call the emergency services.
⑥In 1974,an American doctor,Henry Heimlich,created the Heimlich manoeuvre,saving thousands of lives around the world.
【归纳用法】
1.例句①中的getting为动词-ing形式在句中作 。
2.例句②中的covering为动词-ing形式在句中作 。
3.例句③中的giving为动词-ing形式在句中作 。
4.例句④中的running为动词-ing形式在句中作 。
5.例句⑤中的choking为动词-ing形式在句中作 。
6.例句⑥中的saving为动词-ing形式在句中作 。
Review of the v.-ing form
(复习动词-ing形式)
一、动词-ing形式的基本情况
1.动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式,包括现在分词和动名词两种。
动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用:动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
2.动词-ing形式的时态和语态:
语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
二、动词-ing形式作主语
1.动词-ing形式作主语时,往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,通常置于句首。如:
Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy. 每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。
[温馨提示] 动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.
对于老人来说爬山确实困难。
2.形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。常见句式有:
It’s a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间。
It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth.
做某事是没用的/值得的。
It’s no good/use/fun/pleasure doing sth.
做某事没好处/没用/没意思/无乐趣。
三、动词-ing形式作宾语
1.作动词的宾语。接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词(短语)有:
avoid,miss,delay/put off 避免错过少延期
advise,finish,practise 建议完成多练习
enjoy,imagine,can’t help 喜欢想象禁不住
admit,deny,envy 承认否定与嫉妒
escape,risk,excuse 逃避冒险莫原谅
stand,keep,mind 忍受保持不介意
如: He admitted referring to his notes in the exam.
他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。
She can’t stand being looked down upon in public.
她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起。
2.作介词的宾语。在下面的短语中,常用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语: be good at擅长;dream of梦想;care about在乎;be concerned about关心;be interested in对……感兴趣;feel like想要;insist on坚持;think of认为;aim at旨在;set about开始做;be used to习惯于;get down to开始做;lead to导致;devote oneself to 献身于……;look forward to 期待;stick to 坚持;pay attention to注意;give up放弃等。如:
I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life. 我梦想着环游世界,过上幸福的生活。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I’m looking forward to your coming next time.
我期待着你下一次的到来。
Because of the bad weather,they have to give up going out for a picnic tomorrow.
因为天气不好, 他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。
3.在以下结构中,动词-ing形式作介词的宾语,介词常省略。
spend…(in) doing sth花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing…
做……有困难/麻烦/问题
stop/prevent…(from) doing sth阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing sth浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing sth
高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There is no point/no sense (in) doing sth.
做某事毫无意义。如:
He is always busy working every day,which has made him have little time to play with his child.
他每天总是忙于工作,这使他很少有时间和他的孩子一起玩。
There is no point giving him such a good chance.
给他这样一个好机会没有意义。
4.动词-ing形式作主语、宾语时的几个特殊情况
(1)动词-ing的复合结构
+动词-ing
如:His/Tom’s being late made the teacher very angry.
他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。
Would you mind my/me closing the window
你介意我关上窗户吗
Would you mind Mary’s/Mary closing the window
你介意玛丽关上窗户吗
[温馨提示] 动词-ing的复合结构的否定形式为:名词/名词所有格/代词(宾格)/形容词性物主代词+not doing… 如:
Jerry’s not arriving on time made the people present angry.
杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。
(2)某些动词(短语)后面既可以跟不定式也可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语。
①动词begin,start,continue等词后既可跟不定式,又可跟动词-ing形式作宾语,意义基本相同。如:
They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.
休息了一会儿后,他们继续讨论这项计划。
②动词love,like,hate等词后可跟动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语,但接动词-ing形式表示经常性、习惯性的情况,接不定式表示具体的动作。如:
I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(习惯)
我喜欢和朋友在阳光明媚的日子里散步。
It is a pleasant day today,so I love to have a walk with my friend. (具体)
今天是个令人愉快的日子,所以我想和朋友一起散散步。
③一些动词(短语)后既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语,又可跟不定式作宾语,但意义有很大差别。如:
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯。
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。
[温馨提示] 对比记忆动词的不同形式作宾语所表达的不同含义:
如:They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery.
他们停下来,看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。
They stopped working and had a rest.
他们停止工作,休息了一下。
(3)用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。
其结构如下:
主语+it++doing…
如:I found it useless/no use arguing about it.
我发现争论这件事没有用。
Do you consider it any good trying again
你觉得再试一次会有什么好处吗
(4)在动词need,require,want,deserve后,若主语与其后的动词之间是被动关系时,用动词-ing形式表示被动意义,即need/require/want/deserve doing=need/require/want/deserve to be done。如:
These clothes need washing.(=These clothes need to be washed.) 这些衣服需要洗。
The house requires repairing.(=The house requires to be repaired.)
这座房子需要修缮。
(5)在(be) worth后面只能用动词-ing形式来表示被动意义。如:
The film The Battle at Lake Changjin Ⅱ is worth seeing a second time.
《长津湖之水门桥》这部电影值得再看一次。
四、动词-ing形式作表语
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1.动名词(短语)作表语,表示抽象的、一般性的行为,用来说明主语的内容,与主语通常是同一概念,表语和主语常可互换位置。如:
One of his weaknesses is telling lies.(=Telling lies is one of his weaknesses.)
他的缺点之一就是说谎。
His hobby is reading books in his spare time.
(=Reading books in his spare time is his hobby.)
他的爱好是在业余时间读书。
2.现在分词(短语)作表语,表示主语的某种性质和特征,这类分词通常可以看作形容词。如:
Her performance is very entertaining, which brings us much pleasure.
她的表演非常有趣, 给我们带来很多乐趣。
The trip is very exciting, and we have decided to have a similar one.
这次旅行很是激动人心, 我们已决定再进行一次类似的旅行。
[温馨提示] 作表语的现在分词,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有:moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing等。这类分词有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。
五、动词-ing作定语
1.动名词(短语)作定语,表示名词的属性、作用或用途,作“供……用”讲,常置于被修饰的名词前。如:
There is a swimming pool in our school.
我们学校有一个游泳池。
Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the reading room.
在阅览室里学生们不许大声喧哗。
2.现在分词(短语)作定语,表示所修饰词的动作或状态,被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系,相当于一个定语从句。如:
The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates.(=The boys who are gathering at the school gate are my classmates.)
聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。
The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance.(= The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance.)
那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。
[温馨提示] 单个的现在分词作定语时,放在被修饰词前;现在分词短语作定语时,则放在被修饰词后。
六、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
1.动词-ing形式位于感官动词后:feel,smell,listen to,hear,watch,see,notice,observe 等。如:
I felt someone patting me on the shoulder.
我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。
When he passed the swimming pool,he saw someone swimming in it.
当他经过游泳池时, 他看见有人在里面游泳。
[温馨提示] 动词-ing形式与不定式在感官动词后的意义:
在see,hear,watch等感官动词后,用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行;用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:
I heard Mary singing in the next room.(动作正在进行)
我听到玛丽在隔壁房间唱歌。
I heard Mary sing a song in the next room last night.(动作全过程)
昨晚我听到玛丽在隔壁房间唱了一首歌。
2.动词-ing形式位于使役动词后:have,keep,get,leave,set,make,send等。如:
She couldn’t have him getting away with telling lies.
她不能让他撒了谎而不受惩罚。
Please don’t keep the little boy staying alone.
请不要让这个小男孩独自待着。
3.用于with复合结构中。如:
I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪声不断,我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her, she feels nervous.
这么多人看着她,她感到紧张。
七、动词-ing形式作状语
1.作时间状语。如:
Hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing.
(=When he heard the news, he couldn’t help laughing.)
一听到那个消息,他禁不住大笑起来。
2.作原因状语。如:
Not knowing her address, I had better telephone her to come over.(=As I don’t know her address, I had better telephone her to come over.)
由于不知道她的地址,我还是打电话让她过来为好。
3.作条件状语。如:
Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.(=If you work hard, you’ll surely succeed.)
如果努力工作,你就一定会成功。
4.作结果状语。如:
The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.(=The child slipped and fell, and hit his head against the door.)
那个孩子滑倒了,他的头撞到了门上。
[温馨提示] 现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果,而不定式作结果状语时,常表示出乎意料的结果,有时不定式前面可以加only。
I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校,结果发现那是星期天。
5.作让步状语。如:
Having been told many times, he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.(=Although he had been told many times,he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.) 尽管被告知了很多次,他还是没把这些规定记在心上。
6.作伴随状语。如:
Morris lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.(=Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.)
莫里斯躺在草地上,长时间地望着天空。
The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, cutting the branches.(=The boy sat in front of the farmhouse,and cut the branches.)
那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。
7.作方式状语。如:
He came running back to tell me the news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
[温馨提示] 动词-ing形式作状语时,相当于与之对应的状语从句,但是作伴随状语及结果状语时,可转化为并列谓语。
8.现在分词作状语时的注意事项
(1)现在分词的时态
现在分词作状语时,要注意分词的时间性,是用现在分词的一般式(doing),还是用完成式(having done)。
①当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,用分词的一般式。如:
Walking in the street,I met an old friend of mine.
我正在大街上行走时,遇到了我的一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
②当现在分词的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用分词的完成式。如:
Having finished the letter, he went to post it.
他写完信后就去把它寄出去了。(having finished是先发生的动作,went是后发生的动作)
(2)现在分词的语态
使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式,这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。如:
Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)
被领着参观了工厂后,他们很高兴。
Having seen the excellent movie, he went home happily.(现在分词的主动式)
看完了这部精彩的电影,他高兴地回家了。
(3)动词-ing形式的否定式:not+v.-ing;not having+v.-ed。如:
Not knowing this, he didn’t come.
他不知道这件事,所以没来。
Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备,我们把运动会延期了。
(4)现在分词作评注性状语
有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子,表明说话者的态度、观点等。如:generally speaking“一般来说”, judging by/from…“从……判断”,taking everything into consideration“从全局考虑”。如:
Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断,他一定是疯了。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.I suggest (finish) it on time before the deadline.
2. (shake) heads means “No” in some countries.
3.Because of his bad health, the doctor advised him to give up (smoke).
4.The fruit (look) fresh in his fruit stand sells well.
5.Last night, there were millions of people
(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.
6.There’s a note pinned to the door (say) when the shop will open again.
7.His speech was so (move) that most of the students couldn’t hold back their tears.
8. (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
9. (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the wallet in the car.
10. (look) at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.I almost cried myself but I knew that .
我差点哭了,但我知道哭和恐慌无济于事。
2. can help lower your stress and anxiety from work.
每天只需听30分钟的轻柔音乐就可以帮助你减轻来自工作的压力和焦虑。
3.[2023·全国乙卷] As a photographer, I have spent the last two years .
作为一名摄影师,我花了最近两年的时间记录我发现的一切事物。
4.[2023·全国乙卷] over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
在过去的10年中,我多次在这个城市逗留,对于新旧并存以及城市能够在不断扩张的同时保留如此丰富的文化遗产感到惊讶。
5.[2023·浙江1月考读后续写] , I how the bird was getting on now. Had it managed to find its way back home, or was it still out there somewhere
离开房子后,我忍不住想知道那只鸟现在情况如何。它是设法找到回家的路了,还是还在某处挣扎求生 Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
●Ⅰ 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
2.Please employ several words and phrases to describe a dog that is (frighten).
3. (return) to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinking with an old friend.
4.Building up a dream team (be) more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
5.As we organized teams, prepared resources and practised (answer) questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team.
6.To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested (read) through our notes.
7.The stadium (build) at present in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.
8.Chinese New Year is a celebration
(mark) the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
9.I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes (read) up to three books a day as a child.
10.When we got a call (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作 (使用v.-ing形式)
1.Many people have suggested to protect animal rights.
很多人都建议制订更多的规则以保护动物的权益。
2. made him late for the class. 他早晨起晚了,导致他上课迟到了。
3.The boy is our monitor.
在教室里学习的那个男孩是我们的班长。
4. , he still couldn’t succeed. 尝试了多次,但他仍未能成功。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空
Located in Shaoxing, east China’s Zhejiang Province, Luzhen features typical 1. (tradition) black-and-white residences, arched stone bridges 2. beautiful water views, like many other water towns in the area. But it is unique, since the town is 3. (actual) a recreation of Luzhen, a fictional town found in the novels of Lu Xun, one of China’s most influential writers. He 4. (use) Luzhen as the location for many of the scenes in his novels, including The True Story of Ah Q, Kong Yiji, and A Madman’s Diary.
By 5. (take) a boat across the Jianhu Lake, it’s easy to reach Luzhen and enjoy the picturesque scenery along 6. way.
The main street of Luzhen was built according to the descriptions in Lu Xun’s novels, 7. tourists can find the shops and restaurants mentioned in the books, and the buildings have been recreated to match the descriptions penned 8. Lu Xun.
There are also statues of the characters from Lu Xun’s novels, which depict (描绘) the classic scenes from the 9. (story). Observant visitors may also be lucky enough 10. (find) some of these characters come to life on the streets, behaving just as they did in the novels.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
[2024·广东深圳高二阶段考试]
Felicia Jackson was certified in CPR, but that didn’t stop her from drawing a blank in the face of a real-life crisis. When her son stopped breathing in the back seat of her car, she froze in panic. Thankfully, her husband remained calm and was able to save their child. However, Felicia was shaken to find that, with all her years of medical experience, she wasn’t able to respond to her son’s emergency under pressure.
This unpleasant situation inspired Felicia to come up with a simple tool to make performing CPR easier, especially in high-risk situations. She created the CPR Wrap, a pocket-sized packaging device that can be laid over the body of the victim to show where the rescuer should put their hands and mouth. Not only does the product provide helpful instructions, but it also includes a face shield (护罩) and a one-way breathing barrier. This cuts down on the transfer of germs while people are performing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
“Even people experienced in CPR can forget their training in stressful situations,” reads the description on the product’s website. “CPR Wrap makes it possible for those individuals to effectively perform CPR at a moment’s notice.”
Although that CPR Wrap was launched in 2017, one video on the TikTok account has recently gone viral. In the video, Felicia shows viewers the simple process of using her product to perform CPR. She adds that it’s “so easy a child could do it.” The brand now boasts over 100,000 followers and 2 million likes.
Felicia Jackson is the inventor, founder, and CEO of CPR Wrap. Her son’s near-death experience inspired her to become the entrepreneur (企业家) she is today. After receiving her A.A.S in Physical Therapy in 2018, she continued to pursue education. She graduated from Launch of Chattanooga Entrepreneurial Academy in 2020 and established the Colab Accelerator Programme in 2021. She and her husband now have three children. Felicia hopes to pass on her entrepreneurial spirit to her children so they may one day start businesses of their own.
( )1.How did Felicia feel about her reaction to her son’s near-death experience
A.It’s touching.
B.It’s convincing.
C.It’s shocking.
D.It’s irresponsible.
( )2.Why did Felicia invent the device CPR Wrap
A.To establish her own business.
B.To help others be prepared for emergency.
C.To improve professionals’ first aid skills.
D.To rescue her son in a high-risk situation.
( )3.What is Felicia’ CPR Wrap like
A.Cheap and flexible.
B.Attractive and accurate.
C.Eco-friendly and simple.
D.Portable and user-friendly.
( )4.What does the author mainly try to show in the last paragraph
A.Felicia’s achievements.
B.Felicia’s hope for children.
C.Felicia’s early experience.
D.Felicia’s son’s impact on her.
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·吉林普通高中G6教考联盟高二期末]
Your immune (免疫) system protects your body from infectious corona viruses by identifying and destroying harmful bacteria. 1. When you encounter certain invading viruses again, you can fight them faster the next time around, often without even getting sick at all. Here are some ways to boost your immune system.
Exercise regularly.
Physical activity is not just for building muscles and helping yourself reduce stress. It’s also an important part of supporting a healthy immune system. 2. It also helps move immune cells already in the bloodstream into tissues. Exercise helps immune cells to be more efficient at detecting and reacting to infection.
Drink plenty of water.
3. Water is important because our blood and lymph(淋巴), which have immune cells in them, need water in order to flow to circulate throughout our bodies. Even if you’re not exercising or sweating, you’re constantly losing water through your breath, as well as through your urine and bowel(排便) movements. 4. To help support your immune system, be sure you are replacing the water you lose with water you can use.
Get plenty of sleep.
Sleep certainly doesn’t feel like an active process, but there are plenty of important things happening in your body when you are not awake. 5. To give your immune system the best chance to fight off infection and illness, it’s important to know how much sleep you should be getting every night, as well as the steps to take if your sleep is suffering.
A.It also helps you build immunity.
B.So you should be aware of your daily water intake.
C.Intense exercise easily holds back the immune system.
D.Here comes that a healthy immune system is always at work.
E.Moderate exercise moves immune cells outside of the bone into blood.
F.Water plays crucial roles in your body, including supporting your immune system.
G.Sleep is vitally important for immune function and the immune system’s balance.
●Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·广东湛江高二期末调研]
Acupuncture(针灸) has been used to treat countless patients for thousands of years. As an ancient Chinese medical practice, it has 1. rich history and deep cultural significance. Before modern medicine came to life, ancient Chinese had used stone tools 2. (relieve) diseases. Over time, this practice developed 3. a medical system and shaped the root of acupuncture.
Acupuncture is a treatment that aims to promote the body’s multiple self-regulating 4. (function). Its principles are in line with the philosophical concepts of traditional Chinese medicine, 5. emphasize the balance of body and overall well-being.
Needle insertion(针刺), the most common method of acupuncture, 6. (carry) out by getting hair-thin needles into specific points on the body. This can improve the body’s inner potential to heal(治愈) 7. (it) by channeling vital energy(the qi).
8. (look)beyond China, we realize acupuncture has become a global way of therapy(治疗). Over the years, acupuncture 9. (see) many advancements in scientific research and modern medicine. According to a 2019 WHO report, acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries, illustrating its widespread recognition and 10. (apply). (共105张PPT)
Period Three
Learning About Language (Grammar)
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
1.wrap vt. (wrapped,wrapped;wrapping) (to cover sth/sb in
material,for example, in order to protect it/them)用……包扎;围住;包、裹
(教材P52)For example, wrap the burnt area loosely with a clean
cloth if possible. 例如,如果可能的话,用一块干净的布松散地包裹烧伤的地方。
(1)wrap up 包起来
wrap…in sth 用某物把……裹起来
wrap sth around… 用某物裹住/包住/围住……
(2)unwrap vt. 打开;拆开……的包装
【佳句背诵】
On seeing her father, the little girl fell into him and wrapped her
arms around him.
一看到她的父亲,这个小女孩就扑向他并搂住了他。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·浙江1月考] He gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves,
____________ (wrap) them with string, and lit the bunch to create a
torch(火把).
wrapped
②It was very cold that day and the man had his torn coat—more
like an old suit coat rather than a warm coat ____________ (wrap)
around him.
wrapped
◆完成句子
③Later in the night, Molly exclaimed in great excitement
_________________________________________—it was the very doll she
wanted! 到了晚上，当莫莉打开盒子的时候，她兴奋地叫了起来——这正是
她想要的娃娃！(读后续写之情绪描写)
when/as she unwrapped the box
④She cleaned her knee, applied medicine to the wound, and
_________________________________, which made the girl relaxed.
她清理了膝盖，给伤口涂了药，用绷带包扎，这让女孩放松了下来。
(读后续写之动作描写)
wrapped it with bandages
2.slip vi. (slipped,slipped;slipping) (to slide a short distance by
accident so that you fall or nearly fall)滑倒;滑落;溜走 n.滑倒;小错误;纸条
(教材P53)When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on
the floor. 他从浴缸里出来时,滑倒在地上。
(1)slip away 逃走;悄悄溜走
slip to 滑到;跌至
slip into 悄悄进入,溜进去;(不知不觉地)陷入
slip out of 溜走,从……中滑出
(2)slip sb's memory/mind 被(某人)忘记
slip through one's fingers 错过;从某人指缝中溜掉
【佳句背诵】
We have to be prepared all the time so that we won't let chances
slip through our fingers.
我们必须随时做好准备，这样我们就不会错过任何机会。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空/一词多义
①[2022·全国乙卷] When the sun __________ (slip) behind the
mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them.
②[2023·浙江1月考] His popularity _______________ (slip) since the
final season of the show.
③She's made one or two slips—mainly spelling errors—but it's
basically well written._________
slipped
has slipped
小错误
④Paul gave me a slip with his telephone number on it._______
⑤She slipped over on the ice and broke her leg._______
⑥His popularity has slipped recently. ____________
⑦I remembered arranging to meet Richard last night, bu it
completely slipped my mind/memory._________
纸条
滑倒
下滑;退步
被忘记
◆完成句子
⑧He was walking cautiously along the road
____________________________ and he fell over.
他正小心翼翼沿着路走着,突然他脚下一滑摔倒在地。(读后续写之动作描写)
when his feet slipped
3.delay n.(the act of delaying)延误;耽搁(的时间);推迟 vi.& vt.推迟;延期
(做某事) vt.耽误;耽搁
(教材P53)After arriving, the ambulance team quickly found Mrs
Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen, put in an IV needle,
and checked her vital signs.
到达后,救护队很快找到了泰勒夫人,立即给她输氧,插上静脉注射针,并检查她的
生命体征。
(1)without delay 立即;毫不拖延地
a delay of+表示时间的名词 ……的延误/耽搁
(2)delay doing sth 拖延/延误做某事
(3)delayed 延误的,延迟的;延期的
［温馨提示］ 表示“推迟,延迟”的词或短语:postpone; put off
【佳句背诵】
If you delay now, the opportunity might be lost.
现在你如果不赶快行动就可能会失去机会。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Heavy snow continued to affect the airport yesterday, thus
____________ (delay) a number of flights.
②Some people have to delay ___________ (seek) medical treatment
for various reasons, which brings health risks.
③Officials said that the reason for the large number of
___________(delay) flights was the bad weather conditions.
delaying
seeking
delayed
◆完成句子/一句多译
④A thick cloud of smoke greeted him, so he
______________________________________________________.
一股浓烟向他袭来,他毫不迟疑地冲出了屋子。(读后续写之动作描写)
rushed out of the house without any delay
⑤昨天由于天气不好，航班延误了30分钟。
→__________________________________________yesterday because of
the bad weather.(n.)
→________________________________________________yesterday because
of the bad weather.(vt.)
The flight had a 30-minute delay
The flight was delayed for 30 minutes
4.bedoing…when…正在做……这时……
(教材P53)One day, she was in her living room cleaning the
windows, when suddenly she could no longer feel the right side of
her body.
有一天,她正在客厅擦窗户,这时她突然感觉自己右侧身体没有知觉了。
(1)be about to do…+when… 正要做……这时……
(2)be on the point of doing…+when… 正要做……这时……
(3)had just done…+when… 刚做了……这时……
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①He had just walked for about a mile ________ a volunteer
searcher found him.
②The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady's
handbag ________the bus suddenly stopped.
when
when
③We ____________________ (swim) in the lake when suddenly the
storm started.
④I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to
see me just when I was about ___________(leave).
were swimming
to leave
◆完成句子
⑤The police_________________________________________ everywhere
when he suddenly appeared in the theatre.
当他突然出现在剧院时，警方正在四处搜查谋杀犯。
were searching for the murderer
⑥She ________________________________________________ her mother
asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
昨天她刚做完作业,她妈妈就叫她去练习弹钢琴。
had just finished her homework when
【探索发现】
①As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious
injuries.
②You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose
clean cloth.
③The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is
giving first aid.
④It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially
within the first ten minutes.
⑤If you see someone choking, first call the emergency services.
⑥In 1974,an American doctor,Henry Heimlich,created the Heimlich
manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world.
【归纳用法】
1.例句①中的getting为动词-ing形式在句中作_______。
2.例句②中的covering为动词-ing形式在句中作_______。
3.例句③中的giving为动词-ing形式在句中作_______。
4.例句④中的running为动词-ing形式在句中作_______。
5.例句⑤中的choking为动词-ing形式在句中作______________。
6.例句⑥中的saving为动词-ing形式在句中作_______。
主语
宾语
表语
定语
宾语补足语
状语
Review of the v.-ing form
(复习动词-ing形式)
一、动词-ing形式的基本情况
1.动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式,包括现在分词和动名词两种。
动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用:动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,现
在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
2.动词-ing形式的时态和语态:
语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
二、动词-ing形式作主语
1.动词-ing形式作主语时,往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,通常置于句首。如:
Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.
每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。
［温馨提示］ 动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.
对于老人来说爬山确实困难。
2.形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。常见句式有:
It's a waste of time doing sth. 做某事浪费时间。
It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.
做某事是没用的/值得的。
It's no good/use/fun/pleasure doing sth.
做某事没好处/没用/没意思/无乐趣。
三、动词-ing形式作宾语
1.作动词的宾语。接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词(短语)有:
avoid,miss,delay/put off 避免错过少延期
advise,finish,practise 建议完成多练习
enjoy,imagine,can't help 喜欢想象禁不住
admit,deny,envy 承认否定与嫉妒
escape,risk,excuse 逃避冒险莫原谅
stand,keep,mind 忍受保持不介意
如: He admitted referring to his notes in the exam.
他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。
She can't stand being looked down upon in public.
她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起。
2.作介词的宾语。在下面的短语中,常用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语: be good
at擅长;dream of梦想;care about在乎;be concerned about关心;be
interested in对……感兴趣;feel like想要;insist on坚持;think of认为;aim at
旨在;set about开始做;be used to习惯于;get down to开始做;lead to导
致;devote oneself to 献身于……;look forward to 期待;stick to 坚
持;pay attention to注意;give up放弃等。如:
I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.
我梦想着环游世界,过上幸福的生活。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I'm looking forward to your coming next time.
我期待着你下一次的到来。
Because of the bad weather,they have to give up going out for a
picnic tomorrow.
因为天气不好, 他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。
3.在以下结构中,动词-ing形式作介词的宾语,介词常省略。
spend…(in) doing sth 花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing…
做……有困难/麻烦/问题
stop/prevent…(from) doing sth 阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing sth 浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing sth
高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There is no point/no sense (in) doing sth.
做某事毫无意义。如:
He is always busy working every day,which has made him have
little time to play with his child.
他每天总是忙于工作,这使他很少有时间和他的孩子一起玩。
There is no point giving him such a good chance.
给他这样一个好机会没有意义。
4.动词-ing形式作主语、宾语时的几个特殊情况
(1)动词-ing的复合结构
如:His/Tom's being late made the teacher very angry.
他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。
Would you mind my/me closing the window
你介意我关上窗户吗
Would you mind Mary's/Mary closing the window
你介意玛丽关上窗户吗
［温馨提示］ 动词-ing的复合结构的否定形式为:名词/名词所有格/代词
(宾格)/形容词性物主代词+not doing… 如:
Jerry's not arriving on time made the people present angry.
杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。
(2)某些动词(短语)后面既可以跟不定式也可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语。
①动词begin,start,continue等词后既可跟不定式,又可跟动词-ing形式作宾语,
意义基本相同。如:
They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.
休息了一会儿后,他们继续讨论这项计划。
②动词love,like,hate等词后可跟动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语,但接动词-ing
形式表示经常性、习惯性的情况,接不定式表示具体的动作。如:
I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(习惯)
我喜欢和朋友在阳光明媚的日子里散步。
It is a pleasant day today,so I love to have a walk with my friend.
(具体)
今天是个令人愉快的日子,所以我想和朋友一起散散步。
③一些动词(短语)后既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语,又可跟不定式作宾语,但意义有
很大差别。如:
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯。
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。
［温馨提示］ 对比记忆动词的不同形式作宾语所表达的不同含义：
go on doing sth 继续做同一件事
go on to do sth 接着做另一件事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
forget to do sth 忘记要做某事
try doing sth 试着做某事
try to do sth 努力做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
remember to do sth 记住要做某事
regret doing sth 后悔做了某事
regret to do sth 很遗憾要做某事
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
mean to do sth 打算/想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情
stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
can't help to do sth 不能帮着去做某事
如:They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery.
他们停下来,看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。
They stopped working and had a rest.
他们停止工作,休息了一下。
(3)用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。
其结构如下:
如:I found it useless/no use arguing about it.
我发现争论这件事没有用。
Do you consider it any good trying again
你觉得再试一次会有什么好处吗
(4)在动词need,require,want,deserve后,若主语与其后的动词之间是被动关系
时,用动词-ing形式表示被动意义,即need/require/want/deserve
doing=need/require/want/deserve to be done。如:
These clothes need washing.(=These clothes need to be washed.)
这些衣服需要洗。
The house requires repairing.(=The house requires to be
repaired.)
这座房子需要修缮。
(5)在(be) worth后面只能用动词-ing形式来表示被动意义。如:
The film The Battle at Lake Changjin Ⅱ is worth seeing a second
time.《长津湖之水门桥》这部电影值得再看一次。
四、动词-ing形式作表语
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1.动名词(短语)作表语,表示抽象的、一般性的行为,用来说明主语的内容,与主
语通常是同一概念,表语和主语常可互换位置。如:
One of his weaknesses is telling lies.(=Telling lies is one of his
weaknesses.)
他的缺点之一就是说谎。
His hobby is reading books in his spare time.
(=Reading books in his spare time is his hobby.)
他的爱好是在业余时间读书。
2.现在分词(短语)作表语,表示主语的某种性质和特征,这类分词通常可以看作形
容词。如:
Her performance is very entertaining, which brings us much
pleasure.
她的表演非常有趣, 给我们带来很多乐趣。
The trip is very exciting, and we have decided to have a similar
one.
这次旅行很是激动人心, 我们已决定再进行一次类似的旅行。
［温馨提示］ 作表语的现在分词,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动
词变化而来的。常见的有:moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,
inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing等。这类分词有
“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。
五、动词-ing作定语
1.动名词(短语)作定语,表示名词的属性、作用或用途,作“供……用”讲,常置
于被修饰的名词前。如:
There is a swimming pool in our school.
我们学校有一个游泳池。
Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the reading room.
在阅览室里学生们不许大声喧哗。
2.现在分词(短语)作定语,表示所修饰词的动作或状态,被修饰词与现在分词之间
是主动关系,相当于一个定语从句。如:
The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates.
(=The boys who are gathering at the school gate are my
classmates.)
聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。
The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance.(= The girl
who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance.)
那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。
［温馨提示］ 单个的现在分词作定语时,放在被修饰词前;现在分词短语作定语
时,则放在被修饰词后。
六、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-
ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
1.动词-ing形式位于感官动词后:feel,smell,listen to,hear,watch,see,notice,
observe 等。如:
I felt someone patting me on the shoulder.
我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。
When he passed the swimming pool,he saw someone swimming
in it.
当他经过游泳池时, 他看见有人在里面游泳。
［温馨提示］ 动词-ing形式与不定式在感官动词后的意义:
在see,hear,watch等感官动词后,用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,表示动作正在
进行;用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:
I heard Mary singing in the next room.(动作正在进行)
我听到玛丽在隔壁房间唱歌。
I heard Mary sing a song in the next room last night.(动作全过程)
昨晚我听到玛丽在隔壁房间唱了一首歌。
2.动词-ing形式位于使役动词后:have,keep,get,leave,set,make,send等。如:
She couldn't have him getting away with telling lies.
她不能让他撒了谎而不受惩罚。
Please don't keep the little boy staying alone.
请不要让这个小男孩独自待着。
3.用于with复合结构中。如:
I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪声不断,我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her, she feels nervous.
这么多人看着她,她感到紧张。
七、动词-ing形式作状语
1.作时间状语。如:
Hearing the news, he couldn't help laughing.
(=When he heard the news, he couldn't help laughing.)
一听到那个消息,他禁不住大笑起来。
2.作原因状语。如:
Not knowing her address, I had better telephone her to come
over.(=As I don't know her address, I had better telephone her to
come over.)
由于不知道她的地址,我还是打电话让她过来为好。
3.作条件状语。如:
Working hard, you'll surely succeed.(=If you work hard, you'll
surely succeed.)
如果努力工作,你就一定会成功。
4.作结果状语。如:
The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
(=The child slipped and fell, and hit his head against the door.)
那个孩子滑倒了,他的头撞到了门上。
［温馨提示］ 现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果,
而不定式作结果状语时,常表示出乎意料的结果,有时不定式前面可以加only。
I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校,结果发现那是星期天。
5.作让步状语。如:
Having been told many times, he still didn't learn these rules by
heart.(=Although he had been told many times,he still didn't learn
these rules by heart.)
尽管被告知了很多次,他还是没把这些规定记在心上。
6.作伴随状语。如:
Morris lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long
time.(=Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long
time.)
莫里斯躺在草地上,长时间地望着天空。
The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, cutting the branches.
(=The boy sat in front of the farmhouse,and cut the branches.)
那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。
7.作方式状语。如:
He came running back to tell me the news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
［温馨提示］ 动词-ing形式作状语时,相当于与之对应的状语从句,但是作伴随
状语及结果状语时,可转化为并列谓语。
8.现在分词作状语时的注意事项
(1)现在分词的时态
现在分词作状语时,要注意分词的时间性,是用现在分词的一般式(doing),还是用
完成式(having done)。
①当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,用分词的一般式。如:
Walking in the street,I met an old friend of mine.
我正在大街上行走时,遇到了我的一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时
发生)
②当现在分词的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用分词的完成式。如:
Having finished the letter, he went to post it.
他写完信后就去把它寄出去了。(having finished是先发生的动作,went是后
发生的动作)
(2)现在分词的语态
使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式,这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关
系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。如:
Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.
(现在分词的被动式)
被领着参观了工厂后,他们很高兴。
Having seen the excellent movie, he went home happily.
(现在分词的主动式)
看完了这部精彩的电影,他高兴地回家了。
(3)动词-ing形式的否定式:not+v.-ing;not having+v.-ed。如:
Not knowing this, he didn't come.
他不知道这件事,所以没来。
Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports
meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备,我们把运动会延期了。
(4)现在分词作评注性状语
有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个
句子,表明说话者的态度、观点等。如:generally speaking“一般来说”,
judging by/from…“从……判断”,taking everything into
consideration“从全局考虑”。如:
Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断,他一定是疯了。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ单句填空
1.I suggest ____________(finish) it on time before the deadline.
2.___________(shake) heads means “No” in some countries.
3.Because of his bad health, the doctor advised him to give up
____________(smoke).
4.The fruit __________(look) fresh in his fruit stand sells well.
finishing
Shaking
smoking
looking
5.Last night, there were millions of people ____________ (watch) the
opening ceremony live on TV.
6.There's a note pinned to the door_________(say) when the shop
will open again.
7.His speech was so __________(move) that most of the students
couldn't hold back their tears.
8.__________(find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to
a lower level.
watching
saying
moving
Finding
9.___________________(wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old
man suddenly realized he had left the wallet in the car.
10.___________(look) at my classmates' faces, I read the same
excitement in their eyes.
Having waited
Looking
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.I almost cried myself but I knew that ____________________________
_________________.
我差点哭了，但我知道哭和恐慌无济于事。
crying and panicking wouldn't help
2.__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____ can help lower your stress and anxiety from work.
每天只需听30分钟的轻柔音乐就可以帮助你减轻来自工作的压力和焦虑。
Listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day/Listening to soft music for just 30 minutes every day
3.[2023·全国乙卷] As a photographer, I have spent the last two
years __________________________________________.
作为一名摄影师,我花了最近两年的时间记录我发现的一切事物。
recording everything I discovered
4.[2023·全国乙卷] ___________________________________ over the last
10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and
how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while
constantly growing.
在过去的10年中,我多次在这个城市逗留,对于新旧并存以及城市能够在不断扩
张的同时保留如此丰富的文化遗产感到惊讶。
Having visited several times
5.[2023·浙江1月考读后续写] ________________________, I
_______________________________ how the bird was getting on now.
Had it managed to find its way back home, or was it still out
there somewhere __________________________
离开房子后，我忍不住想知道那只鸟现在情况如何。它是设法找到回家的路了，
还是还在某处挣扎求生？
Leaving the house
couldn't help wondering
struggling to survive
练 习 册
Ⅰ用所给动词的适当形式填空
1._________________(spend) the past year as an exchange student in
Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
Having spent
2.Please employ several words and phrases to describe a dog that
is _______________(frighten).
frightening
3._____________(return) to a book you've read many times can feel
like drinking with an old friend.
Returning
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.Building up a dream team ____ (be) more complex than simply
hiring the best talent.
is
5.As we organized teams, prepared resources and practised
_____________(answer) questions, I felt more connected than I ever
had to any sports team.
answering
6.To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested
___________ (read) through our notes.
reading
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7.The stadium _______________(build) at present in our city is
intended for the coming Asian Games.
being built
8.Chinese New Year is a celebration ___________(mark) the end of
the winter season and the beginning of spring.
marking
9.I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes___________ (read)
up to three books a day as a child.
reading
10.When we got a call _________ (say) she was short-listed, we
thought it was a joke.
saying
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ语法与写作 (使用v.-ing形式)
1.Many people have suggested ____________________________to
protect animal rights.
很多人都建议制订更多的规则以保护动物的权益。
setting up more rules
2.____________________________________________made him late for the
class. 他早晨起晚了,导致他上课迟到了。
His getting up late in the morning
3.The boy _________________________________is our monitor.
在教室里学习的那个男孩是我们的班长。
studying in the classroom
4._______________________________, he still couldn't succeed.
尝试了多次,但他仍未能成功。
Having tried many times
1
2
3
4
Ⅲ语篇填空
Located in Shaoxing, east China's Zhejiang Province, Luzhen
features typical 1.______________ (tradition) black-and-white
residences, arched stone bridges 2.______ beautiful water views, like
many other water towns in the area. But it is unique, since the
town is 3.___________ (actual) a recreation of Luzhen, a fictional
town found in the novels of Lu Xun, one of China's most
influential writers. He 4._______ (use) Luzhen as the location for
many of the scenes in his novels, including The True Story of Ah Q,
Kong Yiji, and A Madman's Diary.
traditional
and
actually
used
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
By 5._________ (take) a boat across the Jianhu Lake, it's easy to
reach Luzhen and enjoy the picturesque scenery along 6.______ way.
The main street of Luzhen was built according to the
descriptions in Lu Xun's novels, 7._________ tourists can find the
shops and restaurants mentioned in the books, and the buildings
have been recreated to match the descriptions penned 8._____ Lu
Xun.
There are also statues of the characters from Lu Xun's novels,
which depict (描绘) the classic scenes from the 9._________ (story).
Observant visitors may also be lucky enough 10.__________ (find)
taking
the
where
by
stories
to find
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
some of these characters come to life on the streets, behaving just
as they did in the novels.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于中国浙江省绍兴市的鲁镇。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.______________
traditional
[解析] 考查形容词。空处修饰名词residences，用形容词traditional作定语，
意为“传统的”。故填traditional。
2.______
and
[解析] 考查连词。arched stone bridges和beautiful water views是并列
关系，用连词and连接。故填and。
3.___________
actually
[解析] 考查副词。空处作评注性状语，修饰整个句子，用副词actually，意为
“实际上”。故填actually。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4._______
used
[解析] 考查时态。use是句中谓语动词，与主语he之间是主动关系，讲述过去
的事情用一般过去时。故填used。
5._________
taking
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处用非谓语动词作介词by的宾语，故填taking。
6.______
the
[解析] 考查冠词。along the way是固定短语，意为“沿途”。故填the。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7._________
where
[解析] 考查定语从句。此句是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the main
street，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在主要街道”，
应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
8._____
by
[解析] 考查介词。penned是过去分词作后置定语，表被动，其施动者Lu
Xun由介词by引出。故填by。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9._________
stories
[解析] 考查名词复数。结合常识和句中the classic scenes可推知，这些经典
场景源于鲁迅笔下的多个故事，用复数名词。故填stories。
10.__________
to find
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。“be+形容词+enough to do…”是固定搭配，意
为“足够……做……”，故填to find。
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3
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5
6
7
8
9
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Ⅳ阅读理解
[2024·广东深圳高二阶段考试]
Felicia Jackson was certified in CPR, but that didn't stop her
from drawing a blank in the face of a real-life crisis. When her son
stopped breathing in the back seat of her car, she froze in panic.
Thankfully, her husband remained calm and was able to save their
child. However, Felicia was shaken to find that, with all her years of
medical experience, she wasn't able to respond to her son's
emergency under pressure.
1
2
3
4
This unpleasant situation inspired Felicia to come up with a
simple tool to make performing CPR easier, especially in high-risk
situations. She created the CPR Wrap, a pocket-sized packaging
device that can be laid over the body of the victim to show where
the rescuer should put their hands and mouth. Not only does the
product provide helpful instructions, but it also includes a face
shield (护罩) and a one-way breathing barrier. This cuts down on
the transfer of germs while people are performing mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation.
1
2
3
4
“Even people experienced in CPR can forget their training in
stressful situations,” reads the description on the product's website.
“CPR Wrap makes it possible for those individuals to effectively
perform CPR at a moment's notice.”
Although that CPR Wrap was launched in 2017, one video on
the TikTok account has recently gone viral. In the video, Felicia
shows viewers the simple process of using her product to perform
CPR. She adds that it's “so easy a child could do it.” The brand
now boasts over 100,000 followers and 2 million likes.
1
2
3
4
Felicia Jackson is the inventor, founder, and CEO of CPR Wrap.
Her son's near-death experience inspired her to become the
entrepreneur (企业家) she is today. After receiving her A.A.S in
Physical Therapy in 2018, she continued to pursue education. She
graduated from Launch of Chattanooga Entrepreneurial Academy in
2020 and established the Colab Accelerator Programme in 2021.
She and her husband now have three children. Felicia hopes to
pass on her entrepreneurial spirit to her children so they may one
day start businesses of their own.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍费利西亚·杰克逊
(Felicia Jackson)在经历了儿子在她的汽车后座上停止呼吸后受到激励，发明
了一个简单且易操作的工具，使心肺复苏术在高风险的情况下更容易进行。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.How did Felicia feel about her reaction to her son's near-
death experience
C
A.It's touching. B.It's convincing.
C.It's shocking. D.It's irresponsible.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段“When her son stopped breathing in
the back seat of her car, she froze in panic. ”和“However, Felicia
was shaken to find that, with all her years of medical experience,
she wasn't able to respond to her son's emergency under
pressure. ”可知，费利西亚对儿子濒死的经历感到很震惊。故选C。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.Why did Felicia invent the device CPR Wrap
B
A.To establish her own business.
B.To help others be prepared for emergency.
C.To improve professionals' first aid skills.
D.To rescue her son in a high-risk situation.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段“This unpleasant situation inspired
Felicia to come up with a simple tool to make performing CPR
easier, especially in high-risk situations. She created the CPR Wrap,
a pocket-sized packaging device that can be laid over the body of
the victim to show where the rescuer should put their hands and
mouth. ”可知，费利西亚发明了CPR Wrap设备是为了帮助他人做好应急准
备。故选B。
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What is Felicia' CPR Wrap like
D
A.Cheap and flexible. B.Attractive and accurate.
C.Eco-friendly and simple. D.Portable and user-friendly.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段“She created the CPR Wrap, a pocket-
sized packaging device that can be laid over the body of the
victim to show where the rescuer should put their hands and
mouth.”和第四段“In the video, Felicia shows viewers the simple
process of using her product to perform CPR. She adds that it's
‘so easy a child could do it.’”可知，费利西亚的心肺复苏术包便携且
容易操作。故选D。
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.What does the author mainly try to show in the last
paragraph
A
A.Felicia's achievements. B.Felicia's hope for children.
C.Felicia's early experience. D.Felicia's son's impact on her.
1
2
3
4
[解析] 段落大意题。根据最后一段“Felicia Jackson is the inventor,
founder, and CEO of CPR Wrap. Her son's near-death experience
inspired her to become the entrepreneur (企业家) she is today.
After receiving her A.A.S in Physical Therapy in 2018, she continued
to pursue education. She graduated from Launch of Chattanooga
Entrepreneurial Academy in 2020 and established the Colab
Accelerator Programme in 2021. She and her husband now have
three children. Felicia hopes to pass on her entrepreneurial spirit to
her children so they may one day start businesses of their own. ”
可知，作者在最后一段主要想展示费利西亚的成就。故选A。
1
2
3
4
Ⅴ阅读七选五
[2024·吉林普通高中G6教考联盟高二期末]
Your immune (免疫) system protects your body from infectious
corona viruses by identifying and destroying harmful bacteria. 1.___
When you encounter certain invading viruses again, you can fight
them faster the next time around, often without even getting sick
at all. Here are some ways to boost your immune system.
A
1
2
3
4
5
Exercise regularly.
Physical activity is not just for building muscles and helping
yourself reduce stress. It's also an important part of supporting a
healthy immune system. 2.___ It also helps move immune cells
already in the bloodstream into tissues. Exercise helps immune cells
to be more efficient at detecting and reacting to infection.
E
1
2
3
4
5
Drink plenty of water.
3.___ Water is important because our blood and lymph(淋巴),
which have immune cells in them, need water in order to flow to
circulate throughout our bodies. Even if you're not exercising or
sweating, you're constantly losing water through your breath, as
well as through your urine and bowel(排便) movements. 4.___ To
help support your immune system, be sure you are replacing the
water you lose with water you can use.
F
B
1
2
3
4
5
Get plenty of sleep.
Sleep certainly doesn't feel like an active process, but there are
plenty of important things happening in your body when you are
not awake. 5.____ To give your immune system the best chance to
fight off infection and illness, it's important to know how much
sleep you should be getting every night, as well as the steps to
take if your sleep is suffering.
G
1
2
3
4
5
A.It also helps you build immunity.
B.So you should be aware of your daily water intake.
C.Intense exercise easily holds back the immune system.
D.Here comes that a healthy immune system is always at work.
E.Moderate exercise moves immune cells outside of the bone into
blood.
F.Water plays crucial roles in your body, including supporting your
immune system.
G.Sleep is vitally important for immune function and the immune
system's balance.
1
2
3
4
5
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一些增强免疫力的方法。
1
2
3
4
5
1.___
A
[解析] 根据上文“Your immune (免疫) system protects your body
from infectious corona viruses by identifying and destroying
harmful bacteria.”可知，上句介绍免疫系统的作用，设空处承接上句继续介
绍其作用，A项“It also helps you build immunity.”(它还能帮助你建立
免疫力。)符合语境。故选A项。
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
E
[解析] 根据本段小标题“Exercise regularly.”可知，本段主要介绍要通过定
期锻炼来提高免疫力。根据下文“It also helps move immune cells
already in the bloodstream into tissues.”可知，空格处应说明锻炼的一
个好处。E项“Moderate exercise moves immune cells outside of the
bone into blood.”(适度的运动会将免疫细胞从骨骼外转移到血液中。)说明
锻炼的好处，符合语境。故选E项。
1
2
3
4
5
3.___
F
[解析] 根据本段小标题“Drink plenty of water.”可知，本段主要介绍要通
过多喝水来提高免疫力。根据下文“Water is important because our
blood and lymph(淋巴), which have immune cells in them, need
water in order to flow to circulate throughout our bodies.”可知，下
文说明水重要的原因。所以空格处应先说明水很重要。F项“Water plays
crucial roles in your body, including supporting your immune
system.”(水在你的身体中起着至关重要的作用，包括支持你的免疫系统。)符
合语境。故选F项。
1
2
3
4
5
4.___
B
[解析] 根据上文“Even if you're not exercising or sweating, you're
constantly losing water through your breath, as well as through
your urine and bowel(排便) movements.”可知，上文讲到水分的流失。
B项“So you should be aware of your daily water intake.”
(所以你应该注意你每天的饮水量。)与上文构成因果关系，符合语境。故选B项。
5.____
G
[解析] 根据本段小标题“Get plenty of sleep.”可知，本段主要介绍要通过
充足的睡眠来提高免疫力。G项“Sleep is vitally important for immune
function and the immune system's balance.”(睡眠对免疫功能和免疫系
统的平衡至关重要。)符合语境，故选G项。
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅵ语法填空
[2024·广东湛江高二期末调研]
Acupuncture(针灸) has been used to treat countless patients for
thousands of years. As an ancient Chinese medical practice, it has
1.___ rich history and deep cultural significance. Before modern
medicine came to life, ancient Chinese had used stone tools
2._____________(relieve) diseases. Over time, this practice developed
3.______ a medical system and shaped the root of acupuncture.
a
to relieve
into
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Acupuncture is a treatment that aims to promote the body's
multiple self-regulating 4.____________(function). Its principles are in
line with the philosophical concepts of traditional Chinese medicine,
5.________ emphasize the balance of body and overall well-being.
Needle insertion(针刺), the most common method of
acupuncture, 6._____________(carry) out by getting hair-thin needles
into specific points on the body. This can improve the body's inner
potential to heal(治愈) 7._______(it) by channeling vital energy
(the qi).
functions
which
is carried
itself
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.___________(look)beyond China, we realize acupuncture has
become a global way of therapy(治疗). Over the years, acupuncture
9.____________(see) many advancements in scientific research and
modern medicine. According to a 2019 WHO report, acupuncture is
used in 113 of its 120 member countries, illustrating its widespread
recognition and 10._______________(apply).
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国古代医学之针灸。
Looking
has seen
application
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。此处表示“一个丰富的历史”，所以应用不定冠词表泛指，
且 rich是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
2._____________
to relieve
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。use sth to do sth表示“用某物做某事”。故填to
relieve。
3.______
into
[解析] 考查介词。develop into表示“发展成为”。故填into。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.____________
functions
[解析] 考查名词复数。function为可数名词，由句意可知，这里应用名词复
数形式作宾语。故填functions。
5.________
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词the philosophical
concepts of traditional Chinese medicine为物，在从句中作主语，应用
关系代词which。故填which。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6._____________
is carried
[解析] 考查时态和语态。主语needle insertion与carry out为被动关系，故
用被动语态；且这里时态应用一般现在时，表述客观事实。故填is carried。
7._______
itself
[解析] 考查代词。表示“治愈身体自己”，应用反身代词作宾语。故填itself。
8.___________
Looking
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语，we与look为主动关系，
应用现在分词作状语，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Looking。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.____________
has seen
[解析] 考查时态和语态。acupuncture与see为主动关系，且由over the
years可知，这里时态应用现在完成时。故填has seen。
10._______________
application
[解析] 考查名词。由and 前的recognition以及句意可知，此处应用名词作宾
语。application表示“运用”，为不可数名词。故填application。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
