Period Two Reading and Thinking—Language points
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.①dominant ②domination ③Dominated ④dominate the conversation ⑤Dominated by/Under the domination of
2.①to ②response ③respond to/make a response to me
④in response to her excitement
3.①for ②was rewarded ③rewarding ④in reward for our teachers’ and parents’ patient guidance ⑤was rewarded with;In reward for;As a reward for
4.①Relying ②reliable ③to carry/carrying ④a person whom others can rely on ⑤I can rely on/upon him to offer me some practical suggestions;I can rely on/upon it that he can offer me some practical suggestions
5.①facilitating ②To facilitate ③facilities ④which will facilitate your understanding of our school
6.①to go ②about ③decide on a date at your convenience
④if/whether she had made the right decision
句型透视
1.①invited ②begun ③waiting ④if (it is) left unchecked
⑤When comparing different cultures ⑥When completed
2.①which ②as ③As ④As Kafka once said ⑤As is known to all/As we all know;It is known to all thatPeriod Two Reading and Thinking—Language points
Ⅰ.1.abusing 2.independent 3.domination 4.repeatedly
5.based 6.rewarding 7.reliable 8.composer
9.physically 10.examination
Ⅱ.1.In response to 2.relied on 3.straight away
4.Aside from 5.decide on 6.As a reward for 7.be pessimistic about 8.to prevent;from
Ⅲ.1.whether he or she is involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse
2.with the food on the table left untouched
3.As the Chinese saying goes
4.when first built
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是说明文。这篇文章介绍了一项长期的研究发现健康的生活方式对老年人记忆力减退和患痴呆风险的影响。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段“A study following nearly 30,000 older adults for more than 10 years has found six key healthy lifestyle factors can significantly reduce memory loss and those adults engaging in between four and six of the healthy lifestyle behaviours could dramatically reduce their risks of developing dementia (痴呆), even when carrying genes that increase their risks of Alzheimer’s disease.”可知,分类的依据是参与者的健康生活方式。故选C项。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段“The study found that people with four to six healthy habits had a much slower loss of memory than those with fewer healthy habits. People with these good habits were also much less likely to get dementia than those with one or no healthy habits. Those who had two or three good habits were 30% less likely to get dementia.”可知,更健康的生活方式对健康更有益。故选B项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段“The study didn’t figure out which of the six healthy habits is the best for stopping dementia or which combination is the best. However, the information did show that eating healthily seemed to help prevent memory loss the most, with brain exercise and regular physical exercise also very helpful.”可知,在减少记忆丧失方面起着第二重要作用的是大脑锻炼和定期体育锻炼,也就是积极的认知活动。故选C项。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A study following nearly 30,000 older adults for more than 10 years has found six key healthy lifestyle factors can significantly reduce memory loss and those adults engaging in between four and six of the healthy lifestyle behaviours could dramatically reduce their risks of developing dementia (痴呆), even when carrying genes that increase their risks of Alzheimer’s disease.”以及纵观全文可知,本文主要讲述了健康的生活方式对老年人记忆力减退和患痴呆风险的影响,所以A项“Healthy lifestyles slowing memory loss”(健康的生活方式减缓记忆丧失)是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者喜欢烹饪,在网上分享烹饪的视频,受到越来越多的人欢迎,作者认为把自己的热情转化为帮助他人是一件快乐的事情,并且希望自己的视频能帮助更多的人。
1.C 根据上文“I was a stay-at-home dad, which gave me plenty of time to cook.”可推测,作者从小就喜欢做饭。故选C。job工作;choice选择;passion爱好;dream梦想。
2.B 根据上文“‘If you’re gonna cook,’ he began, ‘you might as well make sure it’s tasty.’”可知,作者是带着“确保菜好吃”这样的理念在做菜。故选B。 evidence证据;philosophy人生哲学,理念;permit许可证;warning警示。
3.C 根据上文“‘If you’re gonna cook,’ he began, ‘you might as well make sure it’s tasty.’”可知,作者是带着“确保菜好吃”这样的理念在做菜,一定是想尽力做出令人难忘的菜。故选C。small小的;simple简单的;memorable难忘的;expensive昂贵的。
4.A 根据下文“…chances were, it would taste great too.”可知,如果菜看起来和闻起来都好,那它可能也好吃。故选A。 smell闻起来;remain保持不变;sound听起来好像;feel感觉。
5.B 根据上文“…I was on the Internet…”可知,此处指在网上看到朋友发布做饭的视频。故选B。reserve保留;post发布;download下载;sell出售。
6.D 根据下文The Fathering Project可知,他参与了“父亲计划”这个非营利组织。故选D。settle定居;satisfy使满意;compare对比;involve使参加。
7.A 根据上文“We’re always looking for content…”可知,他们一直在找可以发布到网上的内容,此处指分享视频。故选A。 share分享;change改变;trouble使烦恼;confirm确认。
8.C 根据上文“Can you…your videos with us ”可知,此处指鼓励其他父亲进厨房。故选C。qualify使有资格;require要求;encourage鼓励; persuade劝说。
9.B 根据下文videos of my cooking可知,作者开始拍摄视频。故选B。 review复习;film拍摄;watch观看;select选择。
10.D 根据下文“‘The kitchen can be a place to…with others,’ I told them.”可知,此处指作者给观众的一些建议。故选D。like喜好; order命令;request要求;tip建议。
11.C 根据下文“My son and daughter helped me with washing and cutting…”可知,厨房是一个可以和他人联系和交流的地方。故选C。 argue争论;compete竞争;connect联系;agree同意。
12.A 根据上文“‘The kitchen can be a place to…with others,’ I told them.”可知,作者做菜,儿子和女儿都帮忙,所以在一起交流很快乐。故选A。 laugh笑;faith信任;lesson教训;discussion讨论。
13.B 根据下文“…dads around the country were setting out for my suggestions.”可知,作者的视频越来越受欢迎。故选B。familiar熟悉的;popular受欢迎的;wild野生的;visible可见的。
14.B 根据下文“…transform my enthusiasm into something that’s helping others.”可知,能把自己的热情转化为帮助他人的事情应是快乐的。故选B。 chance机会;pleasure快乐; responsibility责任;task任务。
15.A 根据上文“My videos grew so…that dads around the country were setting out for my suggestions.”可知,作者希望视频能让爸爸们继续感受烹饪给我们生活带来的魅力。故选A。magic魅力;energy精力;fail不及格;effect影响。Period Two Reading and Thinking—Language points
1.dominate vt. & vi.(to control or have a lot of influence over sb/sth, especially in an unpleasant way)支配;控制;占有优势;在……中拥有最重要的位置;俯视;高耸于
(教材P14) To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. 防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。
(1)be dominated by… 被……所主宰
(2)domination n. 控制;支配
under the domination of 在……的支配下
(3)dominant adj. 首要的;占支配地位的;占优势的;显著的
【佳句背诵】
Dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement and pride at his words, I simply stood there dumbfounded.
听到他的话,我感到无比兴奋和自豪,只是站在那里目瞪口呆。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Paris has played a (dominate) role in France, not just in political terms but also in economic power.
②The company has struggled to maintain its (dominate) in the marketplace in the past few years.
③ (dominate) by the continental highland climate, the Qilian Mountains’ climate is mostly dry and cold with frequent winds.
◆完成句子
④[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may , leaving little room for the other student to improve.这会阻碍学生的进步,因为程度较高的学生可能会主导谈话,让其他学生几乎没有提高的空间。
⑤ nervousness, I jumped to my feet, asking myself, “What should I do ”
一阵紧张笼罩着我,我跳了起来,问自己:我该怎么办 (读后续写之心理描写)
2.in response to 回答;答复
(教材P14)Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to the cue.
第二是“惯常行为”,即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。
(1)response n. 回答, 回应;反应
make a/no response to
对……做出回应/不予回答
(2)respond v. 回答, 回应;有改进;见起色
respond to 回答, 回应
【佳句背诵】
To respond to/In response to the audience’s great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
应观众的强烈要求,这部戏将会在这个剧院每周上演两次。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2022·全国乙卷] He took me to the museum, and I responded very strongly what I saw on the walls there.
②[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful (respond).
◆完成句子
③[2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达] Every time I asked him for advice, he would immediately.
每当我向他寻求建议时,他总是立即给我回复。
④[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] “They have known how to take care of others.” Father said , winking at Jenna and Jeff.
“他们已经知道如何照顾别人了。”父亲回应了她的兴奋,并向珍娜和杰夫使了个眼色。
3.reward n.报酬;报答;(money offered or given for some special service)酬金 vt.(to give a reward to or for)给以报酬;报答;奖赏
(教材P14)Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
第三是“回报”,即我们从惯常行为中得到的美好的事物或感觉。
(1)in reward for 作为对……的报酬/报答
as a reward for… 作为对……的报酬/奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb for sth
为某事而给某人报酬
(2)reward sb for (doing) sth
因……而酬谢/报答某人
reward sb with sth 用……酬谢/报答某人
(3)rewarding adj. 值得做的,有益的
【佳句背诵】
Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was rewarded with a magnificent view.
任何一个登上泰山之巅的人都会欣赏到美丽的风景。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The firemen were given a medal as a reward saving the child’s life.
②[2023·全国甲卷] From the age of six,Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work (reward) with ￡5 in pocket money.
③[2021·北京卷] The most (reward) day for our group was project day, when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④[2020·天津卷书面表达] I’m more than delighted to introduce the significant coming-of-age ceremony to you. After all, we students have realised that we must study harder .(应用文写作之活动感受)
我非常高兴地向大家介绍这次意义非凡的成人礼。毕竟,我们这些学生已经意识到,我们必须更加努力地学习,以回报老师和家长的耐心指导。
⑤作为对他努力的回报,库克先生去年获得了大笔奖金以及价值5900万美元的股票期权。
→For his efforts, Mr Cook a great amount of cash and stock options worth $59m last year.
→ his efforts, Mr Cook received a great amount of cash and stock options worth $59m last year.
→ his efforts, Mr Cook received a great amount of cash and stock options worth $59m last year.
4.rely vi. (relies;relying;relied;relied)(to need or trust sb/sth) 依靠,依赖;信赖
(教材P15) The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
这个奖励使我们更有可能继续这样的循环,然后依赖不健康的零食的坏习惯就形成了。
(1)rely on/upon(=depend/count on/upon)
依赖,依靠
rely on/upon sb doing/to do sth
指望某人做某事;相信某人会做某事
rely on/upon it that… 相信……;指望……
(2)reliable adj. 可信赖的;可依靠的
reliably adv. 可靠地;确实地
(3)reliability n. 可靠性
【佳句背诵】
Instead of relying on others, we should learn to take matters into our own hands.
我们应该学会自行解决问题,而不是依赖他人。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
① (rely) too much on your parents in your childhood will make you unable to be independent when you grow up.
②I was appreciative of having a (rely) teammate who contributed significantly to our group assignment.
③We can rely on William (carry) out this mission, for his judgement is always sound.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be .
伯纳德决心以他们为榜样,成为一个别人可以依靠的人。
⑤[2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达] 我最尊敬我的叔叔,因为每当我处于困境中时,我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。
→I respect my uncle most because
whenever I am in trouble. (rely on/upon sb to do)
→I respect my uncle most because whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon it that…)
5.facilitate vt.(to make something possible or easier)促进;促使;使便利
(教材P15)To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
为了促使坏习惯朝着积极的方向变化,我们必须首先审视我们的坏习惯循环,然后尽力去改变它们。
facility n. 设施;设备
shopping facilities 商店设施
medical facilities 医疗设施
sports facilities 体育设施
【佳句背诵】
Friendly contacts between people from different countries facilitate the cultural and economic exchanges.
不同国家人民的友好往来促进文化和经济交流。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The overall quality of water remains very poor in that area, therefore (facilitate) the spread of the disease.
② (facilitate) the development of local economy, the government has adopted a more flexible and diversified approach.
③One possible solution is to provide more sports (facility) to encourage a more active lifestyle.
◆完成句子
④During your visit, we’ll show you around the school history gallery,
.
在您参观期间,我们将带您参观学校历史画廊,这将有助于您了解我们的学校。
6.decide on (to choose something or someone after careful thought)决定;选定
(教材P15) However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.
然而,没有“神奇药丸”或删除键可以帮助你;你必须思考你的坏习惯,并决定(做出)一些改变。
(1)decide on sth/doing sth(=decide to do sth)
决定做某事
(2)decision n. 决定,决策;果断
make a decision (to do sth) 做出决定(做某事)
make decisions/a decision about
就……做出决定
【佳句背诵】
After leaving university, Therese has decided on a career in publishing.
大学毕业后, 特蕾泽决定从事出版行业。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2022·全国乙卷] In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism,which of course influenced the girls’ decision (go) to Elkhead.
②[2023·北京卷] It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions where to attend college.
◆完成句子
③[2022·北京卷应用文写作] The talk will last about an hour, and you can .
谈话将持续大约一个小时,你可以在你方便的时候确定日期。
④She replayed the events of the day in her mind, wondering .
她在脑海中回想着那天发生的事情,不知道自己是否做出了正确的决定。(读后续写之心理描写)
1.(教材P14)These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.如果任其发展,在他们长大成人后,这些不良习惯可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。
状语从句的省略
句型公式
【句式点拨】
if left unchecked意为“如果任其发展”,是一个省略句,相当于if they/these bad habits are left unchecked。
【相关拓展】
状语从句的省略条件:
从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it, 且从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式时,可将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Unless (invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
②The research is so designed that once (begin) nothing can be done to change it.
③While (wait) for the bus by the roadside, I found a wallet on the ground.
◆完成句子/句式改写
④The disease, which will put more people at risk, is often fatal .
这种疾病会使更多的人处于危险之中,如果不加以控制,通常是致命的。
⑤When we compare different cultures, we often notice the differences but ignore the similarities.
→ , we often notice the differences but ignore the similarities. (用省略句改写)
⑥When it is completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.
→ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (用省略句改写)
2.(教材P15)As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”正如中国哲学家老子所说: “千里之行,始于足下。”
as引导的非限制性定语从句
句型公式
【句式点拨】
句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句,指代后面整句话的内容。as引导的定语从句具有方式状语从句的含义,意为“正如,正像”。
【相关拓展】
as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
as 在从句中指代整个主句,意为“正如,正像”,其位置比较灵活,放在句首、句中、句尾都可以。常用结构:as everybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样;as is known to all众所周知;as (we had) expected正如(我们)预料的那样;as is mentioned above正如上面提到的那样;as is often the case情况常常如此;as is reported正如报道的那样。
which 在从句中指代人或物,其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后;当指代整个主句时,主句和从句之间通常是因果关系。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Chinese Opera is the traditional form of Chinese theatre, combines dialogue, music, vocal performance, dance, and so on.
②The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
③ you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious.
◆完成句子/句式改写
④ , “A book must be the axe for the frozen sea within us.”
正如卡夫卡(Kafka)曾说的:“一本书必须是劈开我们内心冰封大海的斧子。”
⑤We all know that the main purpose of school education is to have students in preparation for their future.
→ , the main purpose of school education is to have students in preparation for their future. (用定语从句改写)
→ the main purpose of school education is to have students in preparation for their future. (用主语从句改写) Period Two Reading and Thinking—Language points
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.If he is found guilty of (abuse) his power, he will be forced from office.
2.Relying too much on your parents in your childhood will make you unable to be (dependent) when you grow up.
3.The company has struggled to maintain its (dominate) in the marketplace.
4.The dentist (repeated) stressed the importance of brushing the teeth when I left the clinic.
5.There is a famous saying (base) on Thomas Edison, “There is no substitute for hard work.”
6.There’s nothing more (reward) than seeing smiles on the faces around you.
7.We use human translators rather than machines as we believe they are more (rely).
8.Beethoven is the best-known (compose) of classical music.
9.The old man was (physical) and mentally exhausted after a long flight.
10.The government said that this project required very careful (examine) and consideration.
●Ⅱ 短语填空
1. (回应, 响应) increasing demands for paid leave from people, the government is now exploring new ways.
2.When times were difficult, he (依靠) friends for financial assistance.
3.You had better do it (马上, 立刻) because the longer you wait, the harder it will be.
4. (除了) being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
5.He wanted to call everyone together for dinner again to (决定) the departure date.
6. (作为……的奖励) passing the important exam, she got a beautiful new bicycle from her parents.
7.There is no reason to (对……悲观) the future, because we are young enough to do everything.
8.All these rules and laws are intended more serious accidents (阻止,防止) happening.
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1.It will do great harm to someone’s physical and mental health . (involve;abuse)
无论一个人吸烟还是酗酒,那都会对他/她的身心健康造成很大的危害。
2.Mr Brown hurried to the office, . (with复合结构)
布朗先生匆匆忙忙去办公室了,桌子上的食物没动。
3. , “Those who play fire are bound to get burned.”(as引导的从句)
正如中国的谚语所说:“玩火者必自灼。”
4.Old as it is now, the bridge, in the little town, attracted many visitors.(状语从句的省略)
尽管这座桥现在很陈旧,但是它最初在这个小镇建成时吸引了许多游客。
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
[2024·辽宁县级重点高中高二期中考试]
A study following nearly 30,000 older adults for more than 10 years has found six key healthy lifestyle factors can significantly reduce memory loss and those adults engaging in between four and six of the healthy lifestyle behaviours could dramatically reduce their risks of developing dementia (痴呆), even when carrying genes that increase their risks of Alzheimer’s disease.
“Six healthy lifestyle aspects were assessed: a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, active social contact, active cognitive (认知的) activity, never smoking, and never drinking alcohol,” the researchers explained in the new study. Participants were classified (分类) into the favourable group if they had four to six healthy lifestyle factors, into the average group for two to three factors, and into the unfavourable group for zero to one factor.
The study found that people with four to six healthy habits had a much slower loss of memory than those with fewer healthy habits. People with these good habits were also much less likely to get dementia than those with one or no healthy habits. Those who had two or three good habits were 30% less likely to get dementia.
The study didn’t figure out which of the six healthy habits is the best for stopping dementia or which combination is the best. However, the information did show that eating healthily seemed to help prevent memory loss the most, with brain exercise and regular physical exercise also very helpful.
About 20% of the people in the study had a gene that makes Alzheimer’s disease more likely. Even so, having several good health habits helped slow down memory loss. This shows that changing how we live can really help.
Even though each health habit helped in a different way, overall, the study found that people with more good health habits had much less memory loss than those with fewer good habits. This suggests that the choices we make in how we live can help protect our memory. The study adds to the evidence that we might be able to change our risk of memory loss.
( )1.What were the groups categorized based on
A.The participants’ age.
B.What hobbies the participants got rid of.
C.The healthy lifestyles the participants had.
D.What the participants’ attitudes to factors were.
( )2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3
A.The favourable group was happier than the other two.
B.More healthy lifestyles were of more benefit to health.
C.Healthy habits had little impact on memory or dementia.
D.People with a healthy diet wouldn’t suffer a loss of memory.
( )3.Which plays the second greatest role in reducing memory loss
A.A healthy diet.
B.Active social contact.
C.Active cognitive activities.
D.Never drinking alcohol.
( )4.What can be the best title for the text
A.Healthy lifestyles slowing memory loss
B.A study making a great breakthrough
C.A healthy diet being the best lifestyle
D.Old adults suffering from health problems
●Ⅴ 完形填空
I was a stay-at-home dad, which gave me plenty of time to cook. Ever since I was a kid, cooking had been one of my 1 . My dad had given me some great advice. “If you’re gonna cook,” he began, “you might as well make sure it’s tasty.” So with that 2 , I’d set about making each dish as 3 as I could. I figured that if something looked and 4 good then, chances were, it would taste great too.
One day, I was on the Internet when I noticed my best friend, Dave had 5 a video of him cooking. He was 6 with The Fathering Project, a non-profit organization that helped men be the best dads they could. “We’re always looking for content,” he said, “Can you 7 your videos with us ” I was more than happy to 8 other fathers to get into the kitchen. So I started to 9 videos of my cooking. I also gave viewers plenty of 10 . “The kitchen can be a place to 11 with others,” I told them. My son and daughter helped me with washing and cutting, but most importantly, we all shared a 12 with each other. My videos grew so 13 that dads around the country were setting out for my suggestions. It’s been an enormous 14 to transform my enthusiasm into something that’s helping others. I hope my videos will keep giving dads a taste of the 15 cooking brings to our lives.
( )1.A.jobs B.choices
C.passions D.dreams
( )2.A.evidence B.philosophy
C.permit D.warning
( )3.A.small B.simple
C.memorable D.expensive
( )4.A.smelt B.remained
C.sounded D.felt
( )5.A.reserved B.posted
C.downloaded D.sold
( )6.A.settled B.satisfied
C.compared D.involved
( )7.A.share B.change
C.trouble D.confirm
( )8.A.qualify B.require
C.encourage D.persuade
( )9.A.review B.film
C.watch D.select
( )10.A.likes B.orders
C.requests D.tips
( )11.A.argue B.compete
C.connect D.agree
( )12.A.laugh B.faith
C.lesson D.discussion
( )13.A.familiar B.popular
C.wild D.visible
( )14.A.chance B.pleasure
C.responsibility D.task
( )15.A.magic B.energy
C.fail D.effect(共79张PPT)
Period Two
Reading and Thinking—
Language points
语言知识梳理
练习册
1.dominate vt. & vi.(to control or have a lot of influence over
sb/sth, especially in an unpleasant way)支配;控制;占有优势;在……
中拥有最重要的位置;俯视;高耸于
(教材P14) To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating
a teenager's life is essential.
防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。
(1)be dominated by… 被……所主宰
(2)domination n. 控制;支配
under the domination of 在……的支配下
(3)dominant adj. 首要的；占支配地位的；占优势的；
显著的
【佳句背诵】
Dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement and pride
at his words, I simply stood there dumbfounded.
听到他的话，我感到无比兴奋和自豪，只是站在那里目瞪口呆。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Paris has played a __________ (dominate) role in France, not
just in political terms but also in economic power.
②The company has struggled to maintain its ____________
(dominate) in the marketplace in the past few years.
dominant
domination
③___________ (dominate) by the continental highland climate,
the Qilian Mountains' climate is mostly dry and cold with
frequent winds.
Dominated
◆完成句子
④[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] This can hinder the progress
of students as the more advanced one may __________________
___________, leaving little room for the other student to
improve.这会阻碍学生的进步，因为程度较高的学生可能会主导谈话，
让其他学生几乎没有提高的空间。
dominate the conversation
⑤______________________________________ nervousness, I
jumped to my feet, asking myself, “What should I do？”
一阵紧张笼罩着我，我跳了起来，问自己:我该怎么办？(读后续写之
心理描写)
Dominated by/Under the domination of
2.in response to 回答;答复
(教材P14)Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you
take in response to the cue.
第二是“惯常行为”,即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。
(1)response n. 回答, 回应;反应
make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答
(2)respond v. 回答, 回应;有改进;见起色
respond to 回答, 回应
【佳句背诵】
To respond to/In response to the audience's great demand,
the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
应观众的强烈要求,这部戏将会在这个剧院每周上演两次。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2022·全国乙卷] He took me to the museum, and I responded
very strongly____what I saw on the walls there.
to
②[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] You might think about posting what
you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result
in a useful _________ (respond).
response
◆完成句子
③[2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达] Every time I asked him for advice, he
would __________________________________ immediately.
每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。
respond to/make a response to me
④[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] “They have known how to take
care of others.” Father said _____________________________,
winking at Jenna and Jeff.
“他们已经知道如何照顾别人了。”父亲回应了她的兴奋，并向珍娜和
杰夫使了个眼色。
in response to her excitement
3.reward n.报酬;报答;(money offered or given for some special
service)酬金 vt.(to give a reward to or for)给以报酬;报答;奖赏
(教材P14)Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or
feeling we get from the routine.
第三是“回报”,即我们从惯常行为中得到的美好的事物或感觉。
(1)in reward for 作为对……的报酬/报答
as a reward for… 作为对……的报酬/奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb for sth 为某事而给某人报酬
(2)reward sb for (doing) sth 因……而酬谢/报答某人
reward sb with sth 用……酬谢/报答某人
(3)rewarding adj. 值得做的,有益的
【佳句背诵】
Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was rewarded
with a magnificent view.
任何一个登上泰山之巅的人都会欣赏到美丽的风景。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The firemen were given a medal as a reward ____ saving the
child's life.
for
②[2023·全国甲卷] From the age of six,Terri, now 26,
accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day's
work ______________ (reward) with ￡5 in pocket money.
was rewarded
③[2021·北京卷] The most __________ (reward) day for our
group was project day, when all the efforts we put into
collecting the items finally came together.
rewarding
◆完成句子/一句多译
④[2020·天津卷书面表达] I'm more than delighted to introduce
the significant coming-of-age ceremony to you. After all, we
students have realised that we must study harder _____________
___________________________________________.(应用文写作之活
动感受)
我非常高兴地向大家介绍这次意义非凡的成人礼。毕竟，我们这些
学生已经意识到，我们必须更加努力地学习，以回报老师和家长的
耐心指导。
in reward for our teachers' and parents' patient guidance
⑤作为对他努力的回报,库克先生去年获得了大笔奖金以及价值5900
万美元的股票期权。
→For his efforts, Mr Cook ___________________ a great amount
of cash and stock options worth $59m last year.
→ ______________ his efforts, Mr Cook received a great amount
of cash and stock options worth $59m last year.
→ ________________ his efforts, Mr Cook received a great
amount of cash and stock options worth $59m last year.
was rewarded with
In reward for
As a reward for
4.rely vi. (relies;relying;relied;relied)(to need or trust sb/sth) 依靠,
依赖；信赖
(教材P15) The reward makes us much more likely to continue
the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is
formed.
这个奖励使我们更有可能继续这样的循环,然后依赖不健康的零食的
坏习惯就形成了。
(1)rely on/upon(=depend/count on/upon) 依赖,依靠
rely on/upon sb doing/to do sth 指望某人做某事;相信
某人会做某事
rely on/upon it that… 相信……;指望……
(2)reliable adj. 可信赖的;可依靠的
reliably adv. 可靠地;确实地
(3)reliability n. 可靠性
【佳句背诵】
Instead of relying on others, we should learn to take matters
into our own hands.
我们应该学会自行解决问题,而不是依赖他人。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①________(rely) too much on your parents in your childhood
will make you unable to be independent when you grow up.
②I was appreciative of having a ________ (rely) teammate who
contributed significantly to our group assignment.
③We can rely on William ________________ (carry) out this
mission, for his judgement is always sound.
Relying
reliable
to carry/carrying
◆完成句子/一句多译
④[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] Bernard made up his mind to
follow their examples to be _________________________________.
伯纳德决心以他们为榜样,成为一个别人可以依靠的人。
a person whom others can rely on
⑤[2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达] 我最尊敬我的叔叔，因为每当我处于困
境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。
→I respect my uncle most because __________________________
__________________________________whenever I am in trouble.
(rely on/upon sb to do)
→I respect my uncle most because __________________________
___________________________________________ whenever I am
in trouble.(rely on/upon it that…)
I can rely on/upon him to offer me some practical suggestions
I can rely on/upon it that he can offer me some practical suggestions
5.facilitate vt.(to make something possible or easier)促进;促使;使
便利
(教材P15)To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we
must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt
them.为了促使坏习惯朝着积极的方向变化,我们必须首先审视我们的
坏习惯循环,然后尽力去改变它们。
facility n. 设施;设备
shopping facilities 商店设施
medical facilities 医疗设施
sports facilities 体育设施
【佳句背诵】
Friendly contacts between people from different countries
facilitate the cultural and economic exchanges.
不同国家人民的友好往来促进文化和经济交流。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The overall quality of water remains very poor in that area,
therefore ___________ (facilitate) the spread of the disease.
facilitating
②____________ (facilitate) the development of local economy,
the government has adopted a more flexible and diversified
approach.
To facilitate
③One possible solution is to provide more sports ________
(facility) to encourage a more active lifestyle.
facilities
◆完成句子
④During your visit, we'll show you around the school history
gallery, __________________________________________________.
在您参观期间，我们将带您参观学校历史画廊，这将有助于您了解
我们的学校。
which will facilitate your understanding of our school
6.decide on (to choose something or someone after careful
thought)决定;选定
(教材P15) However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button
that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and
decide on some changes.
然而,没有“神奇药丸”或删除键可以帮助你;你必须思考你的坏习惯,并
决定(做出)一些改变。
(1)decide on sth/doing sth(=decide to do sth) 决定做某事
(2)decision n. 决定,决策;果断
make a decision (to do sth) 做出决定(做某事)
make decisions/a decision about 就……做出决定
【佳句背诵】
After leaving university, Therese has decided on a career in
publishing.
大学毕业后, 特蕾泽决定从事出版行业。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2022·全国乙卷] In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the
history of the West and also on feminism,which of course
influenced the girls' decision _______(go) to Elkhead.
to go
②[2023·北京卷] It's a joyful and stressful time of year in the
United States for students and their families as they make
decisions _______where to attend college.
about
◆完成句子
③[2022·北京卷应用文写作] The talk will last about an hour, and
you can _____________________________________.
谈话将持续大约一个小时，你可以在你方便的时候确定日期。
decide on a date at your convenience
④She replayed the events of the day in her mind, wondering
_________________________________________.
她在脑海中回想着那天发生的事情，不知道自己是否做出了正确的
决定。(读后续写之心理描写)
if/whether she had made the right decision
1.(教材P14)These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to
more serious ones when they become adults.如果任其发展,在
他们长大成人后,这些不良习惯可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。
句型公式
状语从句的省略
【句式点拨】
if left unchecked意为“如果任其发展”,是一个省略句,相当于if
they/these bad habits are left unchecked。
【相关拓展】
状语从句的省略条件:
从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it, 且从句谓语中含有
be动词的某种形式时,可将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Unless _______ (invite) to speak, you should remain silent at
the conference.
②The research is so designed that once_______(begin) nothing
can be done to change it.
③While ________ (wait) for the bus by the roadside, I found a
wallet on the ground.
invited
begun
waiting
◆完成句子/句式改写
④The disease, which will put more people at risk, is often fatal
______________________.
这种疾病会使更多的人处于危险之中,如果不加以控制,通常是致命的。
if (it is) left unchecked
⑤When we compare different cultures, we often notice the
differences but ignore the similarities.
→ _________________________________, we often notice the
differences but ignore the similarities. (用省略句改写)
When comparing different cultures
⑥When it is completed, the museum will be open to the public
next year.
→ _________________, the museum will be open to the public
next year. (用省略句改写)
When completed
2.(教材P15)As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote, “A
journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”
正如中国哲学家老子所说: “千里之行,始于足下。”
句型公式
as引导的非限制性定语从句
【句式点拨】
句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句,指代后面整句话的内容。as引导
的定语从句具有方式状语从句的含义,意为“正如,正像”。
【相关拓展】
as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
as 在从句中指代整个主句,意为“正如,正像”,其位置比较灵活,放在句
首、句中、句尾都可以。常用结构:as everybody can see正如人
人都能看到的那样;as is known to all众所周知;as (we had)
expected正如(我们)预料的那样;as is mentioned above正如上面
提到的那样;as is often the case情况常常如此;as is reported正
如报道的那样。
which 在从句中指代人或物,其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后;当指代整个主句时,主句和从句之间通常是因果关系。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Chinese Opera is the traditional form of Chinese theatre,_____
combines dialogue, music, vocal performance, dance, and so on.
which
②The number of smokers,____is reported, has dropped by 17
percent in just one year.
③____you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very
serious.
as
As
◆完成句子/句式改写
④___________________, “A book must be the axe for the frozen
sea within us.”
正如卡夫卡(Kafka)曾说的:“一本书必须是劈开我们内心冰封大海的斧子。”
As Kafka once said
⑤We all know that the main purpose of school education is to
have students in preparation for their future.
→_________________________________, the main purpose of
school education is to have students in preparation for their
future. (用定语从句改写)
→______________________ the main purpose of school
education is to have students in preparation for their future.
(用主语从句改写)
As is known to all/As we all know
It is known to all that
练 习 册
Ⅰ单句填空
1.If he is found guilty of ________ (abuse) his power, he will be
forced from office.
abusing
2.Relying too much on your parents in your childhood will
make you unable to be _____________ (dependent) when you
grow up.
independent
3.The company has struggled to maintain its ____________
(dominate) in the marketplace.
domination
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.The dentist ___________ (repeated) stressed the importance of
brushing the teeth when I left the clinic.
repeatedly
5.There is a famous saying _______ (base) on Thomas Edison,
“There is no substitute for hard work.”
based
6.There's nothing more __________ (reward) than seeing smiles
on the faces around you.
rewarding
7.We use human translators rather than machines as we believe
they are more ________ (rely).
reliable
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.Beethoven is the best-known __________ (compose) of
classical music.
composer
9.The old man was __________ (physical) and mentally
exhausted after a long flight.
physically
10.The government said that this project required very careful
____________ (examine) and consideration.
examination
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ短语填空
1._______________ (回应, 响应) increasing demands for paid
leave from people, the government is now exploring new ways.
In response to
2.When times were difficult, he __________ (依靠) friends for
financial assistance.
relied on
3.You had better do it ______________ (马上, 立刻) because the
longer you wait, the harder it will be.
straight away
4.____________ (除了) being fun and good exercise, swimming is
a very useful skill.
Aside from
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5.He wanted to call everyone together for dinner again to
___________ (决定) the departure date.
decide on
6.________________ (作为……的奖励) passing the important
exam, she got a beautiful new bicycle from her parents.
As a reward for
7.There is no reason to ____________________ (对……悲观) the
future, because we are young enough to do everything.
be pessimistic about
8.All these rules and laws are intended ___________ more
serious accidents ______ (阻止,防止) happening.
to prevent
from
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅲ句型训练
1.It will do great harm to someone's physical and mental health
_______________________________________________________.
(involve;abuse)
无论一个人吸烟还是酗酒,那都会对他/她的身心健康造成很大的危害。
whether he or she is involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse
2.Mr Brown hurried to the office, ____________________________
_____________. (with复合结构)
布朗先生匆匆忙忙去办公室了,桌子上的食物没动。
with the food on the table left untouched
1
2
3
4
3.___________________________, “Those who play fire are bound
to get burned.”(as引导的从句)
正如中国的谚语所说:“玩火者必自灼。”
As the Chinese saying goes
4.Old as it is now, the bridge, _______________ in the little
town, attracted many visitors.(状语从句的省略)
尽管这座桥现在很陈旧,但是它最初在这个小镇建成时吸引了许多游客。
when first built
1
2
3
4
Ⅳ阅读理解
[2024·辽宁县级重点高中高二期中考试]
A study following nearly 30,000 older adults for more than
10 years has found six key healthy lifestyle factors can
significantly reduce memory loss and those adults engaging in
between four and six of the healthy lifestyle behaviours could
dramatically reduce their risks of developing dementia (痴呆),
even when carrying genes that increase their risks of Alzheimer's
disease.
1
2
3
4
“Six healthy lifestyle aspects were assessed: a healthy diet,
regular physical exercise, active social contact, active cognitive
(认知的) activity, never smoking, and never drinking alcohol,” the
researchers explained in the new study. Participants were
classified (分类) into the favourable group if they had four to
six healthy lifestyle factors, into the average group for two to
three factors, and into the unfavourable group for zero to one
factor.
1
2
3
4
The study found that people with four to six healthy habits
had a much slower loss of memory than those with fewer
healthy habits. People with these good habits were also much
less likely to get dementia than those with one or no healthy
habits. Those who had two or three good habits were 30% less
likely to get dementia.
The study didn't figure out which of the six healthy habits
is the best for stopping dementia or which combination is the
best. However, the information did show that eating healthily
1
2
3
4
seemed to help prevent memory loss the most, with brain
exercise and regular physical exercise also very helpful.
About 20% of the people in the study had a gene that
makes Alzheimer's disease more likely. Even so, having several
good health habits helped slow down memory loss. This shows
that changing how we live can really help.
Even though each health habit helped in a different way,
overall, the study found that people with more good health
habits had much less memory loss than those with fewer good
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habits. This suggests that the choices we make in how we live
can help protect our memory. The study adds to the evidence
that we might be able to change our risk of memory loss.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。这篇文章介绍了一项长期的研究发现
健康的生活方式对老年人记忆力减退和患痴呆风险的影响。
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( ) 1.What were the groups categorized based on
A.The participants' age.
B.What hobbies the participants got rid of.
C.The healthy lifestyles the participants had.
D.What the participants' attitudes to factors were.
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段“A study following nearly 30,000
older adults for more than 10 years has found six key healthy
lifestyle factors can significantly reduce memory loss and those
adults engaging in between four and six of the healthy lifestyle
behaviours could dramatically reduce their risks of developing
dementia (痴呆), even when carrying genes that increase their
risks of Alzheimer's disease.”可知，分类的依据是参与者的健康生
活方式。故选C项。
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( ) 2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3
A.The favourable group was happier than the other two.
B.More healthy lifestyles were of more benefit to health.
C.Healthy habits had little impact on memory or dementia.
D.People with a healthy diet wouldn't suffer a loss of memory.
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段“The study found that people
with four to six healthy habits had a much slower loss of
memory than those with fewer healthy habits. People with these
good habits were also much less likely to get dementia than
those with one or no healthy habits. Those who had two or
three good habits were 30% less likely to get dementia.”可知，
更健康的生活方式对健康更有益。故选B项。
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( ) 3.Which plays the second greatest role in reducing
memory loss
A.A healthy diet. B.Active social contact.
C.Active cognitive activities. D.Never drinking alcohol.
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段“The study didn't figure out
which of the six healthy habits is the best for stopping
dementia or which combination is the best. However, the
information did show that eating healthily seemed to help
prevent memory loss the most, with brain exercise and regular
physical exercise also very helpful.”可知，在减少记忆丧失方面起
着第二重要作用的是大脑锻炼和定期体育锻炼，也就是积极的认知
活动。故选C项。
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( ) 4.What can be the best title for the text
A.Healthy lifestyles slowing memory loss
B.A study making a great breakthrough
C.A healthy diet being the best lifestyle
D.Old adults suffering from health problems
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[解析] 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A study following nearly 30,000
older adults for more than 10 years has found six key healthy
lifestyle factors can significantly reduce memory loss and those
adults engaging in between four and six of the healthy lifestyle
behaviours could dramatically reduce their risks of developing
dementia (痴呆), even when carrying genes that increase their
risks of Alzheimer's disease.”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了
健康的生活方式对老年人记忆力减退和患痴呆风险的影响，所以A项
“Healthy lifestyles slowing memory loss”(健康的生活方式减缓记忆
丧失)是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
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Ⅴ完形填空
I was a stay-at-home dad, which gave me plenty of time
to cook. Ever since I was a kid, cooking had been one of
my . .1. .. My dad had given me some great advice. “If you're
gonna cook,” he began, “you might as well make sure it's tasty.”
So with that . .2. ., I'd set about making each dish as . .3. . as I
could. I figured that if something looked and . .4. . good then,
chances were, it would taste great too.
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One day, I was on the Internet when I noticed my best
friend, Dave had . .5. . a video of him cooking. He was . .6. . with
The Fathering Project, a non-profit organization that helped men
be the best dads they could. “We're always looking for content,”
he said, “Can you . .7. . your videos with us ” I was more than
happy to . .8. . other fathers to get into the kitchen. So I started
to . .9. . videos of my cooking. I also gave viewers plenty of . .10. ..
“The kitchen can be a place to . .11. . with others,” I told them.
My son and daughter helped me with washing and cutting, but
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most importantly, we all shared a . .12. . with each other. My
videos grew so . .13. . that dads around the country were setting
out for my suggestions. It's been an enormous . .14. . to
transform my enthusiasm into something that's helping others. I
hope my videos will keep giving dads a taste of the . .15. .
cooking brings to our lives.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者喜欢烹饪，在网上
分享烹饪的视频，受到越来越多的人欢迎，作者认为把自己的热情
转化为帮助他人是一件快乐的事情，并且希望自己的视频能帮助更
多的人。
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( ) 1.A.jobs B.choices C.passions D.dreams
[解析] 根据上文“I was a stay-at-home dad, which gave me
plenty of time to cook.”可推测，作者从小就喜欢做饭。故选C。
job工作；choice选择；passion爱好；dream梦想。
( ) 2.A.evidence B.philosophy C.permit D.warning
[解析] 根据上文“‘If you're gonna cook,’ he began, ‘you might as
well make sure it's tasty.’”可知，作者是带着“确保菜好吃”这样的理
念在做菜。故选B。 evidence证据；philosophy人生哲学，理念；
permit许可证；warning警示。
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( ) 3.A.small B.simple C.memorable D.expensive
[解析] 根据上文“‘If you're gonna cook,’ he began, ‘you might as
well make sure it's tasty.’”可知，作者是带着“确保菜好吃”这样的理
念在做菜，一定是想尽力做出令人难忘的菜。故选C。small小的；
simple简单的；memorable难忘的；expensive昂贵的。
( ) 4.A.smelt B.remained C.sounded D.felt
[解析] 根据下文“…chances were, it would taste great too.”可知，
如果菜看起来和闻起来都好，那它可能也好吃。故选A。 smell闻起
来；remain保持不变；sound听起来好像；feel感觉。
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( ) 5.A.reserved B.posted C.downloaded D.sold
[解析] 根据上文“…I was on the Internet…”可知，此处指在网上看
到朋友发布做饭的视频。故选B。reserve保留；post发布；
download下载；sell出售。
( ) 6.A.settled B.satisfied C.compared D.involved
[解析] 根据下文The Fathering Project可知，他参与了“父亲计划”这
个非营利组织。故选D。settle定居；satisfy使满意；compare对比；
involve使参加。
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( ) 7.A.share B.change C.trouble D.confirm
[解析] 根据上文“We're always looking for content…”可知，他们一
直在找可以发布到网上的内容，此处指分享视频。故选A。 share分
享；change改变；trouble使烦恼；confirm确认。
( ) 8.A.qualify B.require C.encourage D.persuade
[解析] 根据上文“Can you…your videos with us ”可知，此处指鼓励
其他父亲进厨房。故选C。qualify使有资格；require要求；
encourage鼓励； persuade劝说。
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( ) 9.A.review B.film C.watch D.select
[解析] 根据下文videos of my cooking可知，作者开始拍摄视频。
故选B。 review复习；film拍摄；watch观看；select选择。
( ) 10.A.likes B.orders C.requests D.tips
[解析] 根据下文“‘The kitchen can be a place to…with others,’ I
told them.”可知，此处指作者给观众的一些建议。故选D。like喜好；
order命令；request要求；tip建议。
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( ) 11.A.argue B.compete C.connect D.agree
[解析] 根据下文“My son and daughter helped me with washing
and cutting…”可知，厨房是一个可以和他人联系和交流的地方。故
选C。 argue争论；compete竞争；connect联系；agree同意。
( ) 12.A.laugh B.faith C.lesson D.discussion
[解析] 根据上文“‘The kitchen can be a place to…with others,’ I
told them.”可知，作者做菜，儿子和女儿都帮忙，所以在一起交流
很快乐。故选A。 laugh笑；faith信任；lesson教训；discussion讨论。
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( ) 13.A.familiar B.popular C.wild D.visible
[解析] 根据下文“…dads around the country were setting out for
my suggestions.”可知，作者的视频越来越受欢迎。故选B。familiar
熟悉的；popular受欢迎的；wild野生的；visible可见的。
( ) 14.A.chance B.pleasure
C.responsibility D.task
[解析] 根据下文“…transform my enthusiasm into something
that's helping others.”可知，能把自己的热情转化为帮助他人的事
情应是快乐的。故选B。 chance机会；pleasure快乐；
responsibility责任；task任务。
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( ) 15.A.magic B.energy C.fail D.effect
[解析] 根据上文“My videos grew so…that dads around the
country were setting out for my suggestions.”可知，作者希望视
频能让爸爸们继续感受烹饪给我们生活带来的魅力。故选A。magic
魅力；energy精力；fail不及格；effect影响。
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