Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
语言精讲
1.①submissions ②being controlled ③submitted
④submit your application materials to ⑤I won’t submit myself to others’ thoughts
2.①On ②for ③representing ④On behalf of/Representing the Students’ Union
3.①to ②more sensitive ③sensible ④Sensitive and shy
⑤it’s sensible to balance study and relaxation
语法归纳
【自我总结】
that; if/whether
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.travels 2.if/whether 3.(should) start 4.had nursed 5.or 6.would leave 7.was writing 8.the
9.to buy 10.if/whether
●Ⅱ 1.she (should) stay at home for a rest for at least one week
2.the train had already left
3.what was the matter with him
4.ordered/commanded us to go back to work
5.if the government would take necessary measures to control
●Ⅲ 1.if/whether 2.my 3.was looking 4.told 5.had heard 6.before 7.the 8.remembering 9.to leave 10.disappearPeriod Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
Ⅰ.1.would arrive 2.freezes 3.to read 4.had watched
5.come 6.the 7.to make 8.if/whether 9.had broken
10.would finish
Ⅱ.1.He asked me if I was reading
2.he was studying in a Western country
3.she had gone through
4.a new English teacher would be sent
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲述了中华白海豚在厦门火烧屿附近海域出现。
1.to seek 考查固定搭配。be likely to do sth意为“可能做某事”,为固定搭配。故填to seek。
2.has become 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in recent years可知,这里应用现在完成时。主语为it,助动词应用has。故填has become。
3.relatively 考查副词。空处修饰形容词calm,应用副词。relatively意为“相对地”。故填relatively。
4.to 考查介词。from…to…意为“从……到……”,表示范围。故填to。
5.being observed 考查非谓语动词。介词after后跟动名词作宾语,且observe与the Chinese white dolphin之间是动宾关系,所以应用动名词的被动形式。故填being observed。
6.a 考查冠词。根据空后的species可知,这里表示泛指,且species的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
7.sensitivity 考查名词。根据空前的its可知,空处应用名词,作宾语。sensitivity意为“敏感”,为不可数名词。故填sensitivity。
8.dedicated 考查形容词。空处应用形容词,作定语修饰conservation efforts。dedicated意为“专心致志的,一心一意的”。故填dedicated。
9.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the Chinese white dolphin,指物,且空处在从句中作主语,所以应用which引导定语从句。故填which。
10.supportive 考查形容词。空处与and前的well-preserved并列作表语,应用形容词supportive。故填supportive。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们提出了一个关于如何应对全球变暖的不寻常的想法——通过向高层大气注入冰使大气层变干燥,进而使地球冷却。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段可知,入秋前夕,悉尼的气温预计将超过30度,而悉尼西部的气温预计将超过 40度。新南威尔士州大部分地区已发布严重热浪警告和高火险等级。昆士兰州的布里斯班预计将打破有史以来最长炎热夜晚的历史记录,2024年的夜间气温尚未降至20度以下。由此可推断出,第一段提到很多地方是为了强调全球变暖的严峻形势。故选C项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘This is about exploring what might be possible in the future and identifying research directions,’ he said, explaining that there is no workable technique for scientists to put the idea into practice at present.”可推断出,阻止科学家实施这个想法的是技术。故选D项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But researchers are unsure how they will inject ice and whether the practice will cause side effects.”可知,研究人员并不确定他们如何将冰注入大气层,以及这种做法是否会造成副作用。故选A项。
4.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了科学家们提出了一个关于如何应对全球变暖的不寻常的想法——通过向高层大气注入冰使大气层变干燥,进而使地球冷却。由此可推断出,本文最有可能出现在科学杂志上。故选C项。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是如何做一些不费力的事情来可持续地生活。
1.F 上文“Getting your daily fruit and vegetables from a local farmer’s market is an easy way to reduce your carbon footprint while eating healthily. It cuts out lengthy stays of the products in refrigerated storage and up to thousands of miles of fossil-fueled transportation.”说明了从当地农贸市场买水果蔬菜的好处,空格处应该继续说这么做的好处,F选项“Additionally, less plastic in packaging reduces plastic waste.”(此外,包装中更少的塑料减少了塑料废物。)说明包装中塑料的减少也减少了塑料废物,根据客观常识可知,农贸市场的蔬菜水果是没有多少塑料包装的,因此F选项承接上文,符合语境,故选F。
2.E 空前“Global meat production is a big contributor to greenhouse gasses.”说明了生产肉会产生温室气体,空后“Many people reducing their meat consumption by a small amount would still have a great impact.”说明很多人减少少量的肉类消费仍然会产生很大的影响,由此可见,不一定需要所有人都不吃肉,E选项“It is not practical to expect everyone to go vegetarian.”说明指望每个人都不吃肉是不现实的,和后文的“It isn’t necessary either.”相呼应,因此E选项承上启下,符合语境,故选E。
3.D 空前“Flushing (冲) unused medications down the drain (下水道) can pollute water supplies affecting everything downstream. You shouldn’t throw medications away either as they can be dangerous for others to find.”说明不应该随意把未使用的药扔掉,空后“Leftover medications can be chemically dealt with and disposed of in a safe and secure way there.”提到了一个地方,空格处应该说要在某个地方放这些未使用的药,D选项“The best option is to take them to a collection site.”(最好的选择是把它们带到一个收集点。)说明要把未使用的药放在一个收集点,因此D选项承上启下,符合语境,故选D。
4.A 空格处是本段小标题。空后“It is easy to understand that buying something used is more environmentally friendly than buying something new and clothes are no exception.”说明要买二手的东西,A选项“Shop second-hand.”说明了要买二手的东西,概括了本段内容,可作为小标题,故选A。
5.G 空后“According to the United Nations, the fashion industry is responsible for 2%—8% of global carbon emissions.”说明了时尚产业的碳排放量占全球的2%—8%,空格处应该说与时尚产业相关的内容,G选项“The fast-fashion industry consumes considerable resources each year.”说明了快时尚产业每年要消耗相当多的资源,与时尚产业有关,因此G选项符合语境,故选G。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国首座野生动物迁徙立交桥投入使用以及它的环保设计。
1.lying 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语,设空处为非谓语动词,作定语修饰the bridge,lie和the bridge之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,故填lying。
2.by 考查介词。be separated by意为“被……分隔”。故填by。
3.Covered 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语,设空处为非谓语动词,cover和其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作状语,句首单词首字母大写,故填Covered。
4.began 考查时态。设空处为从句谓语, since引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时,故填began。
5.was based 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为从句谓语,根据主句的said可知,应用一般过去时;主语the construction of these man-made corridors和base之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,并且谓语应用第三人称单数,故填was based。
6.the 考查冠词。with the purpose of意为“以……为目的”。故填the。
7.safely 考查副词。设空处修饰crossing over or under busy roadways,应用副词作状语,故填safely。
8.which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词their customary paths,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which。
9.length 考查名词。设空处前有a修饰,应用名词单数,故填length。
10.harmonious 考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰名词coexistence,应用形容词,故填harmonious。Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
1.submit vt. & vi. (to give or offer something for a decision to be made by others)提交;呈递;屈服
(教材P28) According to the report submitted by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.
根据研究人员提交的报告,每年的20%到25%的二氧化碳排放是由热带森林的破坏造成的。
(1)submit sth to sb 向某人提交某物
submit to sb/sth/doing 顺从……,听命于……
submit oneself to… 某人甘受……/服从……
(2)submission n. 提交,呈递;归顺,屈服
【佳句背诵】
All entries must be submitted to the Student Union by the end of this month.
所有参赛作品必须在本月底前提交给学生会。 (应用文写作之通知)
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] The researchers then examined these (submit), coding (编码) experiences into different categories.
②No country would submit to (control) by another country.
③[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] An essay not
(submit) in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.
◆完成句子
④Applicants interested in applying for the position should the school office before the deadline.
对申请这个职务感兴趣的申请者都要在截止日期之前把申请材料交到学校办公室。(应用文写作之招聘启事)
⑤[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] David wiped his tears and held his head high, remarking determinedly, “ .”
大卫擦掉眼泪,昂着头,坚定地说:“我不会屈从于别人的想法。”
2.on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
(教材P29) I’m doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.
我正在代表学校做一个关于全球变暖的项目。
(1)on behalf of sb (=on sb’s behalf) 代表(代替)某人
(2)stand for 代表,表示
represent v. 代表,象征
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
① behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work.
②The Tang Costume stands Chinese history and fashion culture.
③Being quick-minded and good at communicating, the young man was appointed to address the tough problem (represent) the company.
◆完成句子
④ , I’d like to extend warm welcome to you all to the Traditional Chinese Cultural Week to be held in the Arts Centre.
我谨代表学生会,热烈欢迎大家参加在艺术中心举办的中国传统文化周活动。(应用文写作之活动致词)
3.sensitive adj. (easily upset by the things people say or do)敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
(教材P29) Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic
为什么核能是一个敏感话题
(1)be sensitive to/about… 对……敏感
be sensitive to 对……过敏/敏感
(2)sense n. 感觉官能;感觉
vt. 觉察到;意识到
(3)sensible adj. 明智的,理智的;意
识到的;觉察到的
【佳句背诵】
He was very sensitive about his scar and thought everyone was staring at him.
他对自己的伤疤很敏感,以为每个人都在盯着他看。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①A fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive water temperature.
②Although cats cannot see in complete darkness, their eyes are much (sensitive) to light than human eyes.
③Do you think it (sense) of him to donate all his savings to the quake area
◆完成句子
④ , he was so timid that he always wore turtleneck shirts, hiding himself behind long hair around his face and ears.
他敏感又害羞,胆小得总是穿高领衬衫,并用长发把自己的脸和耳朵遮盖起来。 (读后续写之人物描写)
⑤To help students get fully developed, —workout and book-reading should be given priority while less time should be spent on screens.
为了帮助学生得到充分发展,平衡学习和放松是明智的——应该优先考虑锻炼和读书,而少花时间在屏幕上。(应用文写作之建议信)
Direct speech & Indirect speech
(直接引语和间接引语)
【探索发现】
1.Mother said to Tom, “I will come back home this evening.”
→Mother told Tom that she would go back home that evening.
2.“Does a friend always have to be a person ” Mary asked Lily.
→Mary asked Lily if/whether a friend always has to be a person.
【自我总结】
直接引语为陈述句时,间接引语变成 引导的宾语从句; 直接引语为一般疑问句时,间接引语变成 引导的宾语从句。
【用法归纳】
直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用加引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。如:
John said, “I have worked out this maths problem.”
约翰说:“我已经解出了这道数学题。”(直接引语)
→John said that he had worked out that maths problem.
约翰说他已经解出了那道数学题。(间接引语)
一、陈述句
直接引语为陈述句时,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句(that在口语中常省略),主句的谓语动词主要有say, tell, repeat, explain, think等。同时,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其一般规则如下:
1.时态的变化
直接引语 间接引语
时态 一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
一般将来时 过去将来时
[注意]下列情况中,直接引语变间接引语时时态不变。
(1)主句的时态为一般现在时或一般将来时。如:
“Li Ming does well in English,” says Ling Ling.
→Ling Ling says that Li Ming does well in English.
(2)直接引语陈述的是客观事实或真理。如:
“The earth goes around the sun,” said our teacher.
→Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
(3)直接引语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语。如:
“I was employed by the company in 1998,” the young man told me.
→The young man told me that he was employed by the company in 1998.
2.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
(1)this→that 这个→那个
these→those 这些→那些
(2)now→then 现在→那时
today→that day 今天→那天
yesterday→the day before 昨天→前一天
tomorrow→the next/following day 明天→第二天
(3)here→there 这里→那里
(4)come→go 来→去
[注意]如果在当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go;
如果在当天转述,yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
3.人称代词的变化
(1)“一随主”:若直接引语中有第一人称,变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致;
(2)“二随宾”:若直接引语中有第二人称,变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致;
(3)“第三人称不更新”:直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。如:
John said, “I’ll try my best to help you.”
→John said (that) he would try his best to help me.
Mary said, “Jane is in the reading room now.”
→Mary said (that) Jane was in the reading room then.
二、疑问句
直接引语是疑问句时,间接引语要用陈述语序,主句的谓语动词常用ask,或改为wonder, do not know等。
1.若直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句,变间接引语时将直接引语变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句。如:
“Are you good at English ” Mary asked.
→Mary asked if/whether I was good at English.
2.若直接引语为特殊疑问句,变间接引语时则将直接引语变为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。如:
“Where are you from ” the boss asked me.
→The boss asked me where I was from.
3.若直接引语是选择疑问句,变间接引语时则将直接引语变为“whether…or…”引导的宾语从句。如:
“Do you want to go home or stay here ” she asked.
→She asked (me) whether I wanted to go home or stay there.
三、祈使句
1.引述表示命令的祈使句,常用tell, order转述。如:
“Take down these paintings,” the teacher said to the student.
→The teacher told the student to take down those paintings.
[注意]直接引语中的称呼语一般当作宾语用。
2.引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句,可用advise, suggest等词转述。如:
The owner said to the workers, “Please take a rest.”
→The owner advised the workers to take a rest.
3.引述表示请求的祈使句,常用ask, beg等词转述。如:
“Don’t let your dog bark during the night, please,” the neighbour said to him.
→The neighbour asked him not to let his dog bark during the night.
4.引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句,常用remind, warn等词转述。如:
“Don’t forget to mail the letter,” the wife said to her husband.
→The wife reminded her husband not to forget to mail the letter.
[归纳]祈使句的间接引语形式多采用“动词+宾语+动词不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有ask, tell, beg, warn, remind, advise, order等。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light (travel) faster than sound.
2.Mary asked me I would go to the concert with her that evening.
3.He said they had insisted that she (start) immediately.
4.She said she (nurse) her father in the hospital since she came back.
5.He asked whether my son was going to Shanghai that day the next day.
6.Mr Wang told the children that he (leave) for Shanghai on business next month.
7.She said that she (write) a letter when he knocked at the door.
8.Tom told me that he would help me with my English next day.
9.She told me not (buy) any toys. She has too many baby toys.
10.She asked George he had anything interesting she could read.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.The doctor required that
. (stay)
医生要求她待在家休息至少一周的时间。
2.Linda said disappointedly that when she arrived at the station, . (leave)
琳达失望地说,当她到达火车站时,火车已经开走了。
3.I observed that he was very pale and asked him
. (matter)
我发现他脸色非常苍白,问他怎么了。
4.He
even before we finished our meal. (go)
甚至没等我们吃完饭,他就命令我们回去工作。
5.The reporter asked the house prices. (measure)
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施来控制房价。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空
I had just sat down to watch news when I heard a knock on the door. A young man at the door asked 1. I was Mr Rogers. I told him that 2. (I) name was Roger Kiser. He replied to me he was JH-14 and that he 3.
(look) for Mr Rogers. I 4. (tell) him that he must have the wrong house. I watched as he walked away looking very sad.
Suddenly, I thought I 5. (hear) that name somewhere 6. . I began throwing books here and there as I searched for where I had seen that name. I found it! I ran outside and saw him getting into a small car. I screamed out 7. name “Jonathon Harrell” and the young man turned around, looking at me. Reaching him, I expressed my thanks to him for 8. (remember) me. He replied to me that he said the same when I visited the orphanage (孤儿院) with gifts several years ago, showing the watch I had bought him.
We talked for about ten minutes. The car blew its horn informing us that it was time for him 9. (leave). Tears rolled down my cheeks as I watched the car 10. (appear). Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.She said that their train (arrive) in five minutes.
2.The teacher told the students that water (freeze) when the temperature falls below 0℃.
3.Cheng Le advised us (read) a good English magazine, like Time.
4.The little girl told him that she (watch) the wonderful football match the month before.
5.Mary, (come) here; everybody else, stay where you are.
6.The match was put off to next day because of bad weather.
7.The teacher requested us not (make) so much noise.
8.Li Ping’s father asked him he remembered what his aunt had told him the night before.
9.She told me that she (break) my CD player because of carelessness.
10.Linda promised that she (finish) the report the following day.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1. The Old Man and the Sea when he came in. (read)
他问我他进来时我是否正在读《老人与海》。
2.I only knew , but I didn’t know which country he was in. (study)
我只知道他当时正在一个西方国家读书,但我不知道他是在哪个国家。
3.The poor girl told the reporter that a lot of hardship since her parents died. (go) 那个可怜的女孩告诉记者,自从父母过世后她经历了许多苦难。
4.She told me that to our class in a week. (send)
她告诉我一周后一位新的英语老师要被派到我们班。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空 [2024·安徽合肥高二期中]
In late January, a pod of Chinese white dolphins was seen jumping, swimming and generally frolicking near Huoshaoyu Island on the coast of Xiamen in Southeast China.
“In the cold months from December through February, dolphins are likely 1. (seek) inner bays and harbors with calm winds and waves to spend the winter,” said Xu Jing, an official with the Xiamen Chinese White Dolphin Nature Reserve. She added, “It 2. (become) more common to spot dolphins in the 3. (relative) calm western waters in recent years.”
The Chinese white dolphin, inhabiting shallow coastal waters from Southeast China 4. East India, acquired “Chinese” in its name after 5. (observe) in China in the 1600s. The cetacean, 6. species under first-class state protection in China, is regarded as an indicator for marine ecological health, due to its 7. (sensitive) to water quality.
“With years of 8. (dedicate) conservation efforts, the continued sightings of the Chinese white dolphin, 9. is at the top of the food chain, in the city’s waters imply that our marine ecosystem and the entire food chain are well-preserved and 10. (support) of its survival,” said Xin Jianjun, former head of the Xiamen Fisheries Administration.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解 [2024·河南豫北名校高二期中]
Temperatures above 30 degrees have been forecast for Sydney on the eve of autumn, while western Sydney is expected to experience temperatures above 40 degrees. The government department has issued severe heatwave warnings for much of New South Wales and high fire ratings have also been issued. In Queensland, Brisbane has been predicted to break an all-time record for the longest stretch of hot nights, with overnight temperatures not yet dropping below 20 degrees in 2024.
Scientists have come up with an unusual idea for how to deal with global warming—cool the Earth by injecting (注入) ice into the upper atmosphere to make it drier.
Water vapour—water in its gas form—is a natural greenhouse gas that traps heat, just like carbon dioxide from burning coal, oil and gas. Researchers at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and NASA believe that if they can just inject ice up high in the air, it could dry out the upper atmosphere and reduce its ability to trap human-caused warmth.
“So far it’s just an early idea that scientists could add to their toolbox against climate change,” said NOAA physicist Dr Joshua Schwarz, lead author of the study published in scientific journal Science Advances. “This is about exploring what might be possible in the future and identifying research directions,” he said, explaining that there is no workable technique for scientists to put the idea into practice at present.
The approach is one of a few proposed by scientists that aim to reduce the impact of climate change by fixing the world’s atmosphere or oceans. The way it could possibly work is that hi-tech planes could inject ice about 17km high, where the air slowly rises. The researchers believe that the ice and cold air would rise to where it’s coldest and gets the water vapour to turn to ice and fall, drying out the stratosphere (平流层) in the process.
Injecting two tons of ice per week could reduce global heating by about five percent of the warming created by carbon from the burning of fossil fuel. But researchers are unsure how they will inject ice and whether the practice will cause side effects.
( )1. Why are so many places mentioned in Paragraph 1
A.To present some natural phenomena.
B.To clarify the ignored reason for climate change.
C.To highlight the severe condition of global warming.
D.To predict the potential threats to the survival of humans.
( )2.What discourages scientists from carrying out the idea
A.Fund. B.Policy.
C.Climate. D.Technology.
( )3.What are the researchers uncertain about
A.How to send up the ice.
B.The quantity of the needed ice.
C.Whether to promote the idea.
D.The scientific foundation of the idea.
( )4.Where is the text most likely from
A.A government report.
B.A personal diary.
C.A science magazine.
D.A travel guide.
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五 [2024·河南郑州高二期中]
Low-effort things you can do
to live sustainably
You might think you need to change a lot of your daily habits to live sustainably but, in fact, becoming more eco-friendly is much easier than it might seem. Below are some easy steps towards becoming more sustainable.
Shop at farmers’ markets.
Getting your daily fruit and vegetables from a local farmer’s market is an easy way to reduce your carbon footprint while eating healthily. It cuts out lengthy stays of the products in refrigerated storage and up to thousands of miles of fossil-fueled transportation. 1.
Practise meatless Mondays.
Global meat production is a big contributor to greenhouse gasses. 2. It isn’t necessary either. Many people reducing their meat consumption by a small amount would still have a great impact. According to a study, you could reduce your carbon footprint by as much as 8 pounds each week just by practising meatless Mondays only.
Dispose of unused medications properly.
Flushing (冲) unused medications down the drain (下水道) can pollute water supplies affecting everything downstream. You shouldn’t throw medications away either as they can be dangerous for others to find. 3. Leftover medications can be chemically dealt with and disposed of in a safe and secure way there.
4.
It is easy to understand that buying something used is more environmentally friendly than buying something new and clothes are no exception. 5. According to the United Nations, the fashion industry is responsible for 2%—8% of global carbon emissions. Buying something used keeps things out of landfills and reduces demand for new items.
A.Shop second-hand.
B.Think twice before shopping.
C.A meatless diet can help prevent disease.
D.The best option is to take them to a collection site.
E.It is not practical to expect everyone to go vegetarian.
F.Additionally, less plastic in packaging reduces plastic waste.
G.The fast-fashion industry consumes considerable resources each year.
●Ⅵ 语法填空 [2024·辽宁高二月考]
China’s first overpass for wildlife migration has already come into use. The bridge 1. (lie) over the newly constructed National Highway 214 is able to link animal habitats which are separated 2.
the road. 3. (cover) with sand—much like the surrounding land, the overpass can fit in with the environment well.
It has been about two years since the national highway 4. (begin) and it was designed with environmental protection as a top priority. A project environmental engineer for the highway said the construction of these man-made corridors (通道) 5. (base) on years of observation of wildlife migration in the region. The bridge, for example, is built according to the region’s natural conditions and with 6. purpose of reducing the highway’s effect on the animals significantly. Wildlife overpasses and underpasses assist animals 7. (safe) in crossing over or under busy roadways and allow them to continue to use their customary paths, 8. would otherwise be blocked.
Those passageways,with a total 9.
(long) of 59 kilometres, enable antelopes and other animals to cross the railway freely. So far, China has put great effort into achieving 10. (harmony) coexistence between human development and the protection of wildlife. The Qinghai-Xizang Railway, the world’s highest railroad, has 33 underpasses for migrating animals. (共81张PPT)
Period Three
Learning About Language
(Grammar)
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
1.submit vt. & vi. (to give or offer something for a decision to
be made by others)提交;呈递;屈服
(教材P28) According to the report submitted by researchers,
between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide
emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.
根据研究人员提交的报告,每年的20%到25%的二氧化碳排放是由热带
森林的破坏造成的。
(1)submit sth to sb 向某人提交某物
submit to sb/sth/doing 顺从……,听命于……
submit oneself to… 某人甘受……/服从……
(2)submission n. 提交,呈递;归顺,屈服
【佳句背诵】
All entries must be submitted to the Student Union by the end
of this month.
所有参赛作品必须在本月底前提交给学生会。 (应用文写作之通知)
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] The researchers then examined these
____________ (submit), coding (编码) experiences into different
categories.
submissions
②No country would submit to ________________ (control) by
another country.
being controlled
③[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] An essay not __________(submit) in
class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class
period it is late.
submitted
◆完成句子
④Applicants interested in applying for the position should
__________________________________ the school office before
the deadline.
对申请这个职务感兴趣的申请者都要在截止日期之前把申请材料交
到学校办公室。(应用文写作之招聘启事)
submit your application materials to
⑤[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] David wiped his tears and held
his head high, remarking determinedly,
“________________________________________.”
大卫擦掉眼泪，昂着头，坚定地说：“我不会屈从于别人的想法。”
I won't submit myself to others' thoughts
2.on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
(教材P29) I'm doing a project on behalf of my school about
global warming.
我正在代表学校做一个关于全球变暖的项目。
(1)on behalf of sb (=on sb's behalf) 代表(代替)某人
(2)stand for 代表,表示
represent v. 代表,象征
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①____behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you
for all your work.
②The Tang Costume stands____Chinese history and fashion
culture.
On
for
③Being quick-minded and good at communicating, the young
man was appointed to address the tough problem ____________
(represent) the company.
representing
◆完成句子
④____________________________________________, I'd like to
extend warm welcome to you all to the Traditional Chinese
Cultural Week to be held in the Arts Centre.
我谨代表学生会，热烈欢迎大家参加在艺术中心举办的中国传统文
化周活动。(应用文写作之活动致词)
On behalf of/Representing the Students' Union
3.sensitive adj. (easily upset by the things people say or do)敏
感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
(教材P29) Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic
为什么核能是一个敏感话题
(1)be sensitive to/about… 对……敏感
be sensitive to 对……过敏/敏感
(2)sense n. 感觉官能;感觉
vt. 觉察到;意识到
(3)sensible adj. 明智的,理智的;意识到的;觉察到的
【佳句背诵】
He was very sensitive about his scar and thought everyone
was staring at him.
他对自己的伤疤很敏感，以为每个人都在盯着他看。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①A fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very
sensitive____water temperature.
②Although cats cannot see in complete darkness, their eyes are
much ______________ (sensitive) to light than human eyes.
③Do you think it _________ (sense) of him to donate all his
savings to the quake area
to
more sensitive
sensible
◆完成句子
④_________________, he was so timid that he always wore
turtleneck shirts, hiding himself behind long hair around his face
and ears.
他敏感又害羞，胆小得总是穿高领衬衫，并用长发把自己的脸和耳
朵遮盖起来。 (读后续写之人物描写)
Sensitive and shy
⑤To help students get fully developed, ______________________
____________________ —workout and book-reading should be
given priority while less time should be spent on screens.
为了帮助学生得到充分发展，平衡学习和放松是明智的——应该优
先考虑锻炼和读书，而少花时间在屏幕上。(应用文写作之建议信)
it's sensible to balance study and relaxation
Direct speech & Indirect speech
(直接引语和间接引语)
【探索发现】
1.Mother said to Tom, “I will come back home this evening.”
→Mother told Tom that she would go back home that evening.
2.“Does a friend always have to be a person ” Mary asked Lily.
→Mary asked Lily if/whether a friend always has to be a person.
【自我总结】
直接引语为陈述句时,间接引语变成_____引导的宾语从句; 直接引语
为一般疑问句时,间接引语变成__________引导的宾语从句。
that
if/whether
【用法归纳】
直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引
语。直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用加引号。间接引语在
多数情况下构成宾语从句。如:
John said, “I have worked out this maths problem.”
约翰说:“我已经解出了这道数学题。”(直接引语)
→John said that he had worked out that maths problem.
约翰说他已经解出了那道数学题。(间接引语)
一、陈述句
直接引语为陈述句时,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句
(that在口语中常省略),主句的谓语动词主要有say, tell, repeat,
explain, think等。同时,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、
地点状语等要做相应的变化。其一般规则如下:
1.时态的变化
直接引语 间接引语
时态 一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
一般将来时 过去将来时
［注意］下列情况中,直接引语变间接引语时时态不变。
(1)主句的时态为一般现在时或一般将来时。如:
“Li Ming does well in English,” says Ling Ling.
→Ling Ling says that Li Ming does well in English.
(2)直接引语陈述的是客观事实或真理。如:
“The earth goes around the sun,” said our teacher.
→Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
(3)直接引语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语。如:
“I was employed by the company in 1998,” the young man told
me.
→The young man told me that he was employed by the
company in 1998.
2.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
(1)this→that 这个→那个
these→those 这些→那些
(2)now→then 现在→那时
today→that day 今天→那天
yesterday→the day before 昨天→前一天
tomorrow→the next/following day 明天→第二天
(3)here→there 这里→那里
(4)come→go 来→去
［注意］如果在当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go;
如果在当天转述,yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
3.人称代词的变化
(1)“一随主”:若直接引语中有第一人称,变间接引语时应与主句中主语
的人称相一致;
(2)“二随宾”:若直接引语中有第二人称,变间接引语时应与主句中宾语
的人称相一致;
(3)“第三人称不更新”:直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变
化。如:
John said, “I'll try my best to help you.”
→John said (that) he would try his best to help me.
Mary said, “Jane is in the reading room now.”
→Mary said (that) Jane was in the reading room then.
二、疑问句
直接引语是疑问句时,间接引语要用陈述语序,主句的谓语动词常用
ask,或改为wonder, do not know等。
1.若直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句,变间接引语时将直接引语
变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句。如:
“Are you good at English ” Mary asked.
→Mary asked if/whether I was good at English.
2.若直接引语为特殊疑问句,变间接引语时则将直接引语变为由特殊
疑问词引导的宾语从句。如:
“Where are you from ” the boss asked me.
→The boss asked me where I was from.
3.若直接引语是选择疑问句,变间接引语时则将直接引语变为
“whether…or…”引导的宾语从句。如:
“Do you want to go home or stay here ” she asked.
→She asked (me) whether I wanted to go home or stay there.
三、祈使句
1.引述表示命令的祈使句,常用tell, order转述。如:
“Take down these paintings,” the teacher said to the student.
→The teacher told the student to take down those paintings.
［注意］直接引语中的称呼语一般当作宾语用。
2.引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句,可用advise, suggest等词转述。如:
The owner said to the workers, “Please take a rest.”
→The owner advised the workers to take a rest.
3.引述表示请求的祈使句,常用ask, beg等词转述。如:
“Don't let your dog bark during the night, please,” the
neighbour said to him.
→The neighbour asked him not to let his dog bark during the
night.
4.引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句,常用remind, warn等词转述。如:
“Don't forget to mail the letter,” the wife said to her husband.
→The wife reminded her husband not to forget to mail the
letter.
［归纳］祈使句的间接引语形式多采用“动词+宾语+动词不定式”结
构。常见的引述动词有ask, tell, beg, warn, remind, advise, order等。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ单句填空
1.The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light _______
(travel) faster than sound.
2.Mary asked me __________ I would go to the concert with
her that evening.
3.He said they had insisted that she _____________ (start)
immediately.
travels
if/whether
(should) start
4.She said she ____________ (nurse) her father in the hospital
since she came back.
5.He asked whether my son was going to Shanghai that
day____the next day.
6.Mr Wang told the children that he ____________ (leave) for
Shanghai on business next month.
7.She said that she ____________ (write) a letter when he
knocked at the door.
had nursed
or
would leave
was writing
8.Tom told me that he would help me with my English ____
next day.
9.She told me not________(buy) any toys. She has too many
baby toys.
10.She asked George __________ he had anything interesting
she could read.
the
to buy
if/whether
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.The doctor required that __________________________________
________________________. (stay)
医生要求她待在家休息至少一周的时间。
she (should) stay at home for a rest for at least one week
2.Linda said disappointedly that when she arrived at the station,
_________________________. (leave)
琳达失望地说,当她到达火车站时,火车已经开走了。
the train had already left
3.I observed that he was very pale and asked him
_____________________________. (matter)
我发现他脸色非常苍白,问他怎么了。
what was the matter with him
4.He __________________________________________ even before
we finished our meal. (go)
甚至没等我们吃完饭,他就命令我们回去工作。
ordered/commanded us to go back to work
5.The reporter asked _______________________________________
___________________ the house prices. (measure)
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施来控制房价。
if the government would take necessary measures to control
Ⅲ语篇填空
I had just sat down to watch news when I heard a knock
on the door. A young man at the door asked 1.__________ I
was Mr Rogers. I told him that 2.____(I) name was Roger Kiser.
He replied to me he was JH-14 and that he 3.____________
(look) for Mr Rogers. I 4._____(tell) him that he must have the
wrong house. I watched as he walked away looking very sad.
if/whether
my
was looking
told
Suddenly, I thought I 5.___________ (hear) that name
somewhere 6._______. I began throwing books here and there
as I searched for where I had seen that name. I found it! I ran
outside and saw him getting into a small car. I screamed out
7.____name “Jonathon Harrell” and the young man turned
around, looking at me. Reaching him, I expressed my thanks to
him for 8._____________ (remember) me. He replied to me that
he said the same when I visited the orphanage (孤儿院) with
gifts several years ago, showing the watch I had bought him.
had heard
before
the
remembering
We talked for about ten minutes. The car blew its horn
informing us that it was time for him 9._________ (leave). Tears
rolled down my cheeks as I watched the car 10.__________
(appear).
to leave
disappear
练 习 册
Ⅰ单句填空
1.She said that their train _____________ (arrive) in five minutes.
would arrive
2.The teacher told the students that water ________ (freeze)
when the temperature falls below 0 .
freezes
3.Cheng Le advised us ________ (read) a good English
magazine, like Time.
to read
4.The little girl told him that she _____________ (watch) the
wonderful football match the month before.
had watched
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.Mary, ______ (come) here; everybody else, stay where you are.
come
6.The match was put off to ____ next day because of bad
weather.
the
7.The teacher requested us not _________ (make) so much
noise.
to make
8.Li Ping's father asked him __________ he remembered what
his aunt had told him the night before.
if/whether
9.She told me that she ____________ (break) my CD player
because of carelessness.
had broken
10.Linda promised that she ____________ (finish) the report the
following day.
would finish
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ语法与写作
1._____________________________ The Old Man and the Sea
when he came in. (read)
他问我他进来时我是否正在读《老人与海》。
He asked me if I was reading
2.I only knew _____________________________________, but I
didn't know which country he was in. (study)
我只知道他当时正在一个西方国家读书,但我不知道他是在哪个国家。
he was studying in a Western country
1
2
3
4
3.The poor girl told the reporter that ______________________ a
lot of hardship since her parents died. (go)
那个可怜的女孩告诉记者,自从父母过世后她经历了许多苦难。
she had gone through
4.She told me that ____________________________________ to
our class in a week. (send)
她告诉我一周后一位新的英语老师要被派到我们班。
a new English teacher would be sent
1
2
3
4
Ⅲ语篇填空［2024·安徽合肥高二期中］
In late January, a pod of Chinese white dolphins was seen
jumping, swimming and generally frolicking near Huoshaoyu
Island on the coast of Xiamen in Southeast China.
“In the cold months from December through February,
dolphins are likely 1.________ (seek) inner bays and harbors with
calm winds and waves to spend the winter,” said Xu Jing, an
official with the Xiamen Chinese White Dolphin Nature Reserve.
She added, “It 2._____________ (become) more common to spot
to seek
has become
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
dolphins in the 3._________ (relative) calm western waters in
recent years.”
The Chinese white dolphin, inhabiting shallow coastal waters
from Southeast China 4.____ East India, acquired “Chinese” in its
name after 5.________________ (observe) in China in the 1600s.
The cetacean, 6.___ species under first-class state protection in
China, is regarded as an indicator for marine ecological health,
due to its 7.__________ (sensitive) to water quality.
relatively
to
being observed
a
sensitivity
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
“With years of 8.__________ (dedicate) conservation efforts,
the continued sightings of the Chinese white dolphin, 9._______
is at the top of the food chain, in the city's waters imply that
our marine ecosystem and the entire food chain are well-
preserved and 10.___________ (support) of its survival,” said Xin
Jianjun, former head of the Xiamen Fisheries Administration.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中华白海豚在厦门
火烧屿附近海域出现。
dedicated
which
supportive
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.________
to seek
[解析] 考查固定搭配。be likely to do sth意为“可能做某事”，为固
定搭配。故填to seek。
2._____________
has become
[解析] 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in recent years可知，
这里应用现在完成时。主语为it，助动词应用has。故填has become。
3._________
relatively
[解析] 考查副词。空处修饰形容词calm，应用副词。relatively意为
“相对地”。故填relatively。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.____
to
[解析] 考查介词。from…to…意为“从……到……”，表示范围。故填
to。
5.________________
being observed
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。介词after后跟动名词作宾语，且observe与
the Chinese white dolphin之间是动宾关系，所以应用动名词的被
动形式。故填being observed。
6.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。根据空后的species可知，这里表示泛指，且
species的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7.__________
sensitivity
[解析] 考查名词。根据空前的its可知，空处应用名词，作宾语。
sensitivity意为“敏感”，为不可数名词。故填sensitivity。
8.__________
dedicated
[解析] 考查形容词。空处应用形容词，作定语修饰conservation
efforts。dedicated意为“专心致志的，一心一意的”。故填dedicated。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the
Chinese white dolphin，指物，且空处在从句中作主语，所以应用
which引导定语从句。故填which。
10.___________
supportive
[解析] 考查形容词。空处与and前的well-preserved并列作表语，应
用形容词supportive。故填supportive。
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2
3
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5
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7
8
9
10
Ⅳ阅读理解［2024·河南豫北名校高二期中］
Temperatures above 30 degrees have been forecast for
Sydney on the eve of autumn, while western Sydney is expected
to experience temperatures above 40 degrees. The government
department has issued severe heatwave warnings for much of
New South Wales and high fire ratings have also been issued.
In Queensland, Brisbane has been predicted to break an all-time
record for the longest stretch of hot nights, with overnight
temperatures not yet dropping below 20 degrees in 2024.
1
2
3
4
Scientists have come up with an unusual idea for how to
deal with global warming—cool the Earth by injecting (注入) ice
into the upper atmosphere to make it drier.
Water vapour—water in its gas form—is a natural
greenhouse gas that traps heat, just like carbon dioxide from
burning coal, oil and gas. Researchers at the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and NASA believe that
if they can just inject ice up high in the air, it could dry out
the upper atmosphere and reduce its ability to trap human-
caused warmth.
1
2
3
4
“So far it's just an early idea that scientists could add to
their toolbox against climate change,” said NOAA physicist Dr
Joshua Schwarz, lead author of the study published in scientific
journal Science Advances. “This is about exploring what might
be possible in the future and identifying research directions,” he
said, explaining that there is no workable technique for scientists
to put the idea into practice at present.
The approach is one of a few proposed by scientists that
aim to reduce the impact of climate change by fixing the
1
2
3
4
world's atmosphere or oceans. The way it could possibly work is
that hi-tech planes could inject ice about 17km high, where the
air slowly rises. The researchers believe that the ice and cold air
would rise to where it's coldest and gets the water vapour to
turn to ice and fall, drying out the stratosphere (平流层) in the
process.
Injecting two tons of ice per week could reduce global
heating by about five percent of the warming created by
carbon from the burning of fossil fuel. But researchers are
unsure how they will inject ice and whether the practice will
cause side effects.
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们提出了
一个关于如何应对全球变暖的不寻常的想法——通过向高层大气注
入冰使大气层变干燥，进而使地球冷却。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.Why are so many places mentioned in Paragraph 1
A.To present some natural phenomena.
B.To clarify the ignored reason for climate change.
C.To highlight the severe condition of global warming.
D.To predict the potential threats to the survival of humans.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，入秋前夕，悉尼的气温预计
将超过30度，而悉尼西部的气温预计将超过 40度。新南威尔士州大
部分地区已发布严重热浪警告和高火险等级。昆士兰州的布里斯班
预计将打破有史以来最长炎热夜晚的历史记录，2024年的夜间气温
尚未降至20度以下。由此可推断出，第一段提到很多地方是为了强
调全球变暖的严峻形势。故选C项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.What discourages scientists from carrying out the idea
A.Fund. B.Policy. C.Climate. D.Technology.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘This is about exploring what
might be possible in the future and identifying research
directions,’ he said, explaining that there is no workable
technique for scientists to put the idea into practice at present.”
可推断出，阻止科学家实施这个想法的是技术。故选D项。
√
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What are the researchers uncertain about
A.How to send up the ice.
B.The quantity of the needed ice.
C.Whether to promote the idea.
D.The scientific foundation of the idea.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But researchers are unsure
how they will inject ice and whether the practice will cause side
effects.”可知，研究人员并不确定他们如何将冰注入大气层，以及这
种做法是否会造成副作用。故选A项。
√
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.Where is the text most likely from
A.A government report. B.A personal diary.
C.A science magazine. D.A travel guide.
[解析] 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家们提出
了一个关于如何应对全球变暖的不寻常的想法——通过向高层大气
注入冰使大气层变干燥，进而使地球冷却。由此可推断出，本文最
有可能出现在科学杂志上。故选C项。
√
1
2
3
4
Ⅴ阅读七选五［2024·河南郑州高二期中］
Low-effort things you can do to live sustainably
You might think you need to change a lot of your daily
habits to live sustainably but, in fact, becoming more eco-
friendly is much easier than it might seem. Below are some
easy steps towards becoming more sustainable.
1
2
3
4
5
Shop at farmers' markets.
Getting your daily fruit and vegetables from a local farmer's
market is an easy way to reduce your carbon footprint while
eating healthily. It cuts out lengthy stays of the products in
refrigerated storage and up to thousands of miles of fossil-
fueled transportation. 1.___
F
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2
3
4
5
Practise meatless Mondays.
Global meat production is a big contributor to greenhouse
gasses. 2.___ It isn't necessary either. Many people reducing
their meat consumption by a small amount would still have a
great impact. According to a study, you could reduce your
carbon footprint by as much as 8 pounds each week just by
practising meatless Mondays only.
E
1
2
3
4
5
Dispose of unused medications properly.
Flushing (冲) unused medications down the drain (下水道)
can pollute water supplies affecting everything downstream. You
shouldn't throw medications away either as they can be
dangerous for others to find. 3.___ Leftover medications can be
chemically dealt with and disposed of in a safe and secure way
there.
D
1
2
3
4
5
4.___
It is easy to understand that buying something used is
more environmentally friendly than buying something new and
clothes are no exception. 5.___ According to the United Nations,
the fashion industry is responsible for 2%—8% of global carbon
emissions. Buying something used keeps things out of landfills
and reduces demand for new items.
A
G
1
2
3
4
5
A.Shop second-hand.
B.Think twice before shopping.
C.A meatless diet can help prevent disease.
D.The best option is to take them to a collection site.
E.It is not practical to expect everyone to go vegetarian.
F.Additionally, less plastic in packaging reduces plastic waste.
G.The fast-fashion industry consumes considerable resources
each year.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何做一些不费力的
事情来可持续地生活。
1
2
3
4
5
1.___
F
[解析] 上文“Getting your daily fruit and vegetables from a local
farmer's market is an easy way to reduce your carbon footprint
while eating healthily. It cuts out lengthy stays of the products
in refrigerated storage and up to thousands of miles of fossil-
fueled transportation.”说明了从当地农贸市场买水果蔬菜的好处，
空格处应该继续说这么做的好处，F选项“Additionally, less plastic in
packaging reduces plastic waste.”(此外，包装中更少的塑料减少了
塑料废物。)说明包装中塑料的减少也减少了塑料废物，根据客观常
识可知，农贸市场的蔬菜水果是没有多少塑料包装的，因此F选项承
接上文，符合语境，故选F。
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
E
[解析] 空前“Global meat production is a big contributor to
greenhouse gasses.”说明了生产肉会产生温室气体，空后“Many
people reducing their meat consumption by a small amount
would still have a great impact.”说明很多人减少少量的肉类消费
仍然会产生很大的影响，由此可见，不一定需要所有人都不吃肉，E
选项“It is not practical to expect everyone to go vegetarian.”说
明指望每个人都不吃肉是不现实的，和后文的“It isn't necessary
either.”相呼应，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
1
2
3
4
5
3.___
D
[解析] 空前“Flushing (冲) unused medications down the drain
(下水道) can pollute water supplies affecting everything
downstream. You shouldn't throw medications away either as
they can be dangerous for others to find.”说明不应该随意把未使
用的药扔掉，空后“Leftover medications can be chemically dealt
with and disposed of in a safe and secure way there.”提到了一
个地方，空格处应该说要在某个地方放这些未使用的药，D选项“The
best option is to take them to a collection site.”(最好的选择是把
它们带到一个收集点。)说明要把未使用的药放在一个收集点，因此
D选项承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
1
2
3
4
5
4.___
A
[解析] 空格处是本段小标题。空后“It is easy to understand that
buying something used is more environmentally friendly than
buying something new and clothes are no exception.”说明要买二
手的东西，A选项“Shop second-hand.”说明了要买二手的东西，概
括了本段内容，可作为小标题，故选A。
1
2
3
4
5
5.___
G
[解析] 空后“According to the United Nations, the fashion
industry is responsible for 2%—8% of global carbon emissions.”说
明了时尚产业的碳排放量占全球的2%—8%，空格处应该说与时尚产
业相关的内容，G选项“The fast-fashion industry consumes
considerable resources each year.”说明了快时尚产业每年要消耗相
当多的资源，与时尚产业有关，因此G选项符合语境，故选G。
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅵ语法填空［2024·辽宁高二月考］
China's first overpass for wildlife migration has already come
into use. The bridge 1.______ (lie) over the newly constructed
National Highway 214 is able to link animal habitats which are
separated 2.____the road. 3._________ (cover) with sand—much
like the surrounding land, the overpass can fit in with the
environment well.
It has been about two years since the national highway
4._______ (begin) and it was designed with environmental
protection as a top priority.
lying
by
Covered
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
began
A project environmental engineer for the highway said the
construction of these man-made corridors (通道) 5.___________
(base) on years of observation of wildlife migration in the region.
The bridge, for example, is built according to the region's
natural conditions and with 6.____ purpose of reducing the
highway's effect on the animals significantly. Wildlife overpasses
and underpasses assist animals 7._______ (safe) in crossing over
or under busy roadways and allow them to continue to use their
customary paths, 8._______ would otherwise be blocked.
was based
the
safely
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
which
Those passageways,with a total 9._______ (long) of 59
kilometres, enable antelopes and other animals to cross the
railway freely. So far, China has put great effort into achieving
10.____________ (harmony) coexistence between human
development and the protection of wildlife. The Qinghai-Xizang
Railway, the world's highest railroad, has 33 underpasses for
migrating animals.
length
harmonious
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国首座野生动
物迁徙立交桥投入使用以及它的环保设计。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.______
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语，设空处为非谓语动词，作
定语修饰the bridge，lie和the bridge之间是主动关系，应用现在分
词，故填lying。
2.____
[解析] 考查介词。be separated by意为“被……分隔”。故填by。
lying
by
3._________
Covered
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语，设空处为非谓语动词，
cover和其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，句首单
词首字母大写，故填Covered。
4._______
began
[解析] 考查时态。设空处为从句谓语， since引导时间状语从句，
从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，故填began。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.___________
was based
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为从句谓语，根据
主句的said可知，应用一般过去时；主语the construction of these
man-made corridors和base之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，并且
谓语应用第三人称单数，故填was based。
6.____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。with the purpose of意为“以……为目的”。故填
the。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7._______
safely
[解析] 考查副词。设空处修饰crossing over or under busy
roadways，应用副词作状语，故填safely。
8._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词
their customary paths，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9._______
length
[解析] 考查名词。设空处前有a修饰，应用名词单数，故填length。
10.____________
harmonious
[解析] 考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰名词coexistence，应用形容
词，故填harmonious。
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3
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5
6
7
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10
