Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
语言精讲
1.①for ②with ③sympathetic ④with sympathy/sympathetically
⑤had sympathy for the poor;was sympathetic to the poor
2.①to/with ②correspondence ③corresponding
④correspond with/be in correspondence with ⑤correspond with/to;Only when we make our actions correspond with/to our words can we win the trust of others
语法归纳
【自我总结】
限制性;非限制性
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.which 2.where 3.As 4.as 5.who/that
6.that 7.where 8.whose 9.who 10.which
●Ⅱ 1.which signaled/signalled the birth of the champion
2.when she could present her ideas
3.that has ever been shown in the gallery
4.whose devotion to his work
5.why a lot of people have weight problems these years
●Ⅲ 1.which 2.where 3.where 4.when 5.why
6.that/which 7.who(m)/that 8.that/which 9.that 10.whosePeriod Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
Ⅰ.1.who 2.when 3.whose 4.that 5.whom 6.As
7.which/that 8.where 9.which 10.why
Ⅱ.1.who is studying in London
2.As is known to all/As we all know
3.which will be held in your art gallery
4.whose experience has inspired me deeply
5.through which I would like to broaden my horizons
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜀绣的起源、发展过程以及特色。
1.a 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个瑰宝”,应用不定冠词来修饰,且treasure的发音是以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
2.relatively 考查副词。此处修饰形容词peaceful,应用副词relatively“相对地”,作状语,故填relatively。
3.advanced 考查形容词。此处修饰名词conditions,应用形容词advanced,作定语,故填advanced。
4.ranking 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语,主语Shu embroidery和动词rank是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填ranking。
5.excellence 考查名词。此处作宾语,应用名词excellence,不可数,故填excellence。
6.After/When 考查时间状语从句。空处引导状语从句,既可以表示“在新中国成立后”,用after引导时间状语从句,也可以表示“在新中国成立时”,用when引导时间状语从句,单词位于句首,首字母大写,故填After/When。
7.has formed 考查动词时态和主谓一致。由“since it originated among the common people in the west of Sichuan Province”可知,此处表示从过去到现在已经形成了独特的特色,应用现在完成时,主语是Shu embroidery,助动词应用has,故填has formed。
8.whose 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词Shu embroidery,且关系词在从句中作定语,修饰features,应用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
9.approaches 考查名词复数。此处名词approach表示“方法”,为可数名词,由122可知,应用复数形式,故填approaches。
10.as 考查介词。固定搭配take…as…,意为“把……作为……”,故填as。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了爱尔兰著名的艺术家Yeats的一生及其成就。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段“In fact, he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his family—both his father and his brother were painters.But he finally settled on literature, particularly drama and poetry.”可知,他的家庭是一个很有艺术气息的家庭,故D正确。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“William Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13, 1865.”和最后一段的“Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75.”可知,他是1865年出生的,在50岁以后才写出最好的作品,大约是在1910s,故C正确。
3.D 推理判断题。最后一段的“After Yeats’ death in 1939, W. H. Auden wrote, among others, the following lines…”说明他认为Yeats的去世是爱尔兰艺术界的巨大损失。由此可推断出他很钦佩Yeats,故D正确。
4.A 主旨大意题。文章介绍了Yeats的家庭、他对文学的热爱和他所取得的成就,由此可知,本文主要讲的是爱尔兰著名的艺术家Yeats的生平及其成就。故A正确。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了如何体验阅读诗歌带来的好处。
1.G 上文“Reading poetry can be challenging, but learning how to carefully move through a poem is also very rewarding.”以及下文“But, by following the tips below, anyone can have the deeply rewarding experience of connecting to a great poem.”说明阅读诗歌是一种挑战,要体会到诗歌的益处是需要一些技巧的,由but可知,空处和下文是转折关系,G项“与绘画和音乐不同,诗歌需要一些额外的努力才能获得它的全部效果。”符合题意。故选G。
2.E 上文“Poetry is made to be heard.”以及下文“What do you notice about how it sounds How does the sound enhance an overall theme, mood, or message ”说明朗读诗歌的声音会使人注意到它听起来怎么样,E项“一旦你发现一首你感兴趣的诗,大声读几遍。”承上启下,符合题意。故选E。
3.A 下文“Be curious enough to look up all the words and references that you’re unfamiliar with.”说明在阅读诗歌时,要有足够的好奇心,要去查阅单词和参考资料,A项“好奇心消除困惑。”可以作为本段中心句,符合题意。故选A。
4.C 上文“To get more into the figurative meaning of the poem, you should look at how the poet uses literary devices like metaphor, simile, and imagery.”说明诗人运用文学手法进一步增加诗歌的比喻意义。C项“它们经常被用来给诗增添更深层的意义。”承接上文,符合题意。故选C。
5.D 上文“If you like the way a poem sounds when you read it aloud, but don’t know what it ‘means’, that’s OK!”指出,即使你不知道诗歌的意思也是没关系的,空处应该承接上文,对上文做出解释,D项“也许它在某种程度上是有意义的,但你不一定能表达出来。”承接上文。故选D。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的文化珍宝——古诗。
1.dates 考查动词时态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语为Chinese poetry,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。
2.as 考查介词。use…as…为固定搭配,意为“把……作为……使用”。故填as。
3.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为The Book of Songs,指物,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4.features 考查名词复数。one of后面接可数名词复数形式。故填features。
5.natural 考查形容词。修饰名词scenery需用形容词natural,作定语。故填natural。
6.creating 考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作状语,create和前面的句子为逻辑上的主谓关系,需用现在分词形式。故填creating。
7.Combined 考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作状语,these elements和combine为逻辑上的动宾关系,需用过去分词形式,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Combined。
8.widely 考查副词。修饰动词recited需用副词widely,作状语。故填widely。
9.a 考查冠词。treasure为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且unique发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
10.wisdom 考查名词。空处和名词spirit并列,需用名词wisdom作宾语,表抽象概念,不可数。故填wisdom。Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
1.sympathetic adj.(kind to sb who is hurt or sad;showing that you understand and care about their problems)同情的;赞同的
(教材P53) In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children’s feelings.
在这些诗中,诗人泰戈尔表现出对儿童情感的富有同情心的理解。
(1)be sympathetic to/towards…
对……赞同/支持/同情
(2)sympathy n. 同情;赞同
have/express/feel sympathy for…
对……怀着/表示/感到同情
in sympathy with 赞同,支持
out of sympathy for 出于对……的同情
with sympathy(=sympathetically adv.)
同情地
(3)mercy n. 宽恕,仁慈
have mercy on sb 怜悯某人
【佳句背诵】
To be a popular student, we must show our respect, concern and sympathy for others.要成为受欢迎的学生,我们必须表现出对他人的尊重、关心和同情。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①I have sympathy Withers, but I have my own problems to concern me.
②Although he is a socialist, Mr Wells is scarcely in sympathy the working class.
③Before tears welled up in my eyes, I saw the smooth, (sympathy) look in his eyes.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④[2022·浙江1月考读后续写] I said ,“Take care of yourself at the hospital and I assure you that I won’t let you down.”
我同情地说道:“在医院照顾好你自己,我向你保证我不会让你失望。”
⑤[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] Meredith太太同情穷人,因此每当她有时间她都会给他们带来食物和药品。
→Mrs Meredith , so when she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.(sympathy)
→Mrs Meredith , so when she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them. (sympathetic)
2.correspondence n. (letters, especially official or business letters)来往信件;通信联系;一致;相似
(教材P53) Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence.
布朗宁爱上了她的诗歌,然后他们就开始私下通信。
(1)in correspondence with…
和……一致;与……有通信联系
(2)correspond vi. 符合,一致;相当于;通信
correspond with/to sth 与某物相一致/相符
correspond with sb 与某人通信
(3)corresponding adj. 符合的;相应的;相关的
【佳句背诵】
We’ve corresponded with each other for years but I’ve never actually met him.
我们互相通信已多年了,可是我从未实际见过他。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The translation does not quite correspond
the original works.
②Her (correspond) with Jim lasted many years before they were married.
③Profit growth this year is estimated to rise 12.6% from the (correspond) period last year.
◆完成句子/句式改写
④I used to my friends by letters while now the Internet makes our communication more convenient.
我过去经常写信与朋友联络, 而现在网络使我们的沟通更方便了。
⑤We can win the trust of others only when we make our actions our words.
→ .(用倒装句改写)
只有言行一致,我们才能赢得他人的信任。(读后续写之主旨升华)
复习定语从句
【探索发现】
1.There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
2.One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
3.List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
4.Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.
5.The haiku poem (E) on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
【自我总结】
在上述句子中, 句1,3,4加黑部分是 定语从句;句2,5加黑部分是 定语从句。
【用法归纳】
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述
1.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分, 若去掉, 主句的内容就不完整, 意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切, 从句紧跟先行词, 两者之间不可用逗号隔开。
She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.
她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。
2.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明。没有它, 主句也能独立存在;非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切, 两者之间用逗号隔开。
He has two sisters, who are working in the city.
他有两个姐姐, 她们在城市里工作。
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1.标点的运用有所不同
限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后, 不可用逗号分开;而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后, 但必须用逗号与主句分开。
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
站在树下的那个女孩是谁
He is a teacher of much knowledge, from whom much can be learned.
他是一个学识渊博的老师, 从他那儿可以学到许多东西。
2.从句的作用不同
限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰、限制作用, 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 一旦省略, 主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明, 若将其去掉, 主句的意思仍然完整。
The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.
第二天, 我和弟弟去了海滩,在那里, 我们观看了一些人打排球。
Alice received a letter from her former classmate, which came as a surprise.
艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信, 这真是件令人惊奇的事情。
3.关系词的选用不同
限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, 关系副词when, where, why等引导, 而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。
Yesterday he bought a new car, which was made in Japan.(which不可换用that)
昨天他买了一辆新车, 这辆车是日本生产的。
He gave a reason, which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.(which不可换用why, 因为which在定语从句中作主语, 而why只能在定语从句中作状语)
=He gave a reason, for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.
他给了一个他未参加上周举行的会议的理由。
4.从句所修饰的先行词有所不同
限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组;而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外, 还可以是句子。
This is the best book that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
He won the first prize in the contest, which was more than we had expected.
他在比赛中得了一等奖, 这一点真出乎我们的预料。
5.关系词的省略不同
在限制性定语从句中, 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时, 在口语中可以省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。
I still remember the days we spent together in college.(we前省略了that/which)
我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。
She is not the one (that) she used to be.(that在定语从句中作表语)
她已不再是昔日的她了。
6.英译汉时有所不同
译成汉语时, 往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前;而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday
上周日我们用的那台机器是哪一台
The concert, which was held last week, was a great success.
那场音乐会是上周举行的, 获得了巨大的成功。
He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.
他可能会迟到, 要是那样的话我们应该等等他。
三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as which
位置上 位置灵活, 可位于句前、句中, 也可置于句后 只能放在先行词的后面
句意上 表示“正如……, 正像……的那样” 意为“这一点,这”
As the Chinese saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.”
正如中国俗语所说:“好人长命百岁。”
After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision.
大学毕业后我休假一段时间去旅游, 事实证明这是一个明智的决定。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The results of the experiment proved to be very good, was more than we had expected.
2.We then moved to London, we lived for five years.
3. is shown in the report, teenage problems are often connected with family and friends.
4.She has the same golden hair and blue eyes her mother has.
5.Once there lived a rich man wanted to do something for the people of his town.
6.Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.
7.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.
8.Last month, part of South-east Asia was struck by floods, from effects the people are still suffering.
9.Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.
10.By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.I still kept running on when thunderous applause burst, .
我还在继续跑着,这时响起了雷鸣般的掌声,这标志着冠军的诞生。
2.Finally came the moment .
终于到了她可以陈述她的想法的时刻了。
3.This is the most famous painting
.
这是该画廊展出过的最著名的画作。
4.The person I admire most is my English teacher, is obvious to all.
我最佩服的人是我的英语老师,他对工作的投入有目共睹。
5.The reason is that we spend so much time in virtual life that we will miss the benefits from physical exercise.
这些年很多人都有体重问题的原因是我们花了太多的时间在虚拟生活中,以至于我们会错过体育锻炼带来的好处。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空
You may have heard of the sad story about Titanic, 1. sounds very sad, but it is true.
The story happened on the ocean 2. the great ship Titanic set off on her first voyage, but also her last one. The ship sank into the waters 3. there was an iceberg. The ship sank on the night 4. there were stars in the sky. None of the people on the ship knew the reason 5. the great ship should sink.
Now evening came quietly. Suddenly, a strange sound came from below the ship 6. was flying forward like a great bird. Captain Smith didn’t find there was something wrong until the engine had stopped and he was told that the ship was flooded.
Andrews designed Titanic. Generally speaking, he was the man 7. people would blame. It was a great ship 8. could carry over 1,000 passengers.But the biggest ship 9. the famous designer was proud of had a life of only four days.
Captain Smith was to blame, too. Was he the right man 10. task was to pilot the ship of dreams Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The man, gave us a talk on science yesterday, is a famous scientist.
2.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
3.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.
4.I refuse to accept the blame for something is someone else’s fault.
5.One writer in I had taken an interest was Immanuel Velikovsky.
6. we know, thousands of people come to visit the Forbidden City every day.
7.Among the many dangers sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
8.He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.
9.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.
10.I still don’t know the reason the sports meeting has been put off.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.I am Li Hua, a student from China, this summer vacation.
我是李华,来自中国的学生,今年暑假在伦敦学习。
2. , music can influence our emotions, thoughts and behaviour. 众所周知,音乐可以影响我们的情绪、思想和行为。
3.I am writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition .
我写这封信是为了申请成为将在你们美术馆举办的中国画展览的志愿者。
4.I would like to interview Zhang Haidi, .
我想采访张海迪,她的经历深深地启发了我。
5.This summer I intend to take up a part-time job in a foreign company, and gain some working experience.
今年夏天,我打算在一家外国公司做一份兼职,通过这份工作,我想开阔我的视野,获得一些工作经验。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空
Shu embroidery (蜀绣) enjoys a long history in China. As early as the Han Dynasty, Shu embroidery was already famous, enjoying a high reputation as “1. treasure of Sichuan”. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, a 2. (relative) peaceful society and large demand provided 3. (advance) conditions for the rapid development of the Shu embroidery industry. Shu embroidery experienced its peak development in the Song Dynasty, 4. (rank) first in both production and 5. (excellent). In the mid-Qing Dynasty, the Shu embroidery industry was formed. 6. the People’s Republic of China was founded, Shu embroidery factories were set up and the craft entered a new period of development.
Shu embroidery 7. (form) its own unique characteristics, since it originated among the common people in the west of Sichuan Province. Shu embroidery has strong expression and artistic effect, 8. features are said as “fine and smooth needlework, simple and elegant colours, graceful and easy lines and the traditional Chinese painting styles”. Altogether, there are 122 9. (approach) in 12 categories for weaving. The embroidery took locally-produced colourful satin (缎子) and threads 10. its materials.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
[2024 ·广东东莞高二月考]
William Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13, 1865. His childhood lacked the harmony that was typical of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. In fact, he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his family—both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally settled on literature, particularly drama and poetry.
Yeats had strong faith in the coming of new artistic movements. He set himself the fresh task in founding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s. His early theatrical experiments, however, were not received favourably at the beginning. He didn’t lose heart, and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama.
Compared with his dramatic works, Yeats’ poems attract much admiring notice. The subject matter includes love, nature, history, time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. As his literary life progressed, his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition.
He had not enjoyed a major public life since winning the Nobel Prize in 1923. Yet, he continued writing almost to the end of his life. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75. After Yeats’ death in 1939, W. H. Auden wrote, among others, the following lines:
Earth, receive an honoured guest:
William Yeats is laid to rest.
Let the Irish vessel (船) lie
Emptied of its poetry.
( )1.Which of the following can describe Yeats’ family
A.It filled Yeats’ childhood with laughter.
B.It was shocked by Yeats’ choice.
C.It was a typically wealthy family.
D.It had an artistic atmosphere.
( )2.According to the passage, what do we know about Yeats’ life
A.Yeats founded the first Irish theatre.
B.Yeats stuck to modern forms in his poetry.
C.Yeats began to produce his best works from the 1910s.
D.Yeats was not favoured by the public until the 1923 Nobel Prize.
( )3.What kind of feeling is expressed in W. H. Auden’s lines
A.Envy. B.Sympathy.
C.Emptiness. D.Admiration.
( )4.What is the passage mainly about
A.Yeats’ literary achievements.
B.Yeats’ historical influence.
C.Yeats’ artistic ambition.
D.Yeats’ national honour.
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
Reading poetry can be challenging, but learning how to carefully move through a poem is also very rewarding. 1. But, by following the tips below, anyone can have the deeply rewarding experience of connecting to a great poem.
Sound abounds (有许多). Poetry is made to be heard. You’re probably familiar with rhyming poems: roses are red, violets are blue…But there are many sound elements that poets use not only to make the poem sound beautiful, but to enhance the meaning or intention of a poem. 2. What do you notice about how it sounds How does the sound enhance an overall theme, mood, or message
3. Many poems may use words or reference places or times in history that may be unfamiliar to you. Be curious enough to look up all the words and references that you’re unfamiliar with. You should also gather information about the poet—what was happening in their lives, and what was going on in the world around them. All of these can offer essential context to bring the poem to life.
Analyse the figurative (比喻的) language in the poem. Figurative language could be words that are repeated often in the poem or words that rhyme in each stanza (节). To get more into the figurative meaning of the poem, you should look at how the poet uses literary devices like metaphor, simile, and imagery. 4.
Finally, you don’t have to understand it to engage with it and enjoy it. If you like the way a poem sounds when you read it aloud, but don’t know what it “means”, that’s OK! 5. The great thing about art is that it can have lots of different meanings or seemingly no meaning at all and can still be enjoyed. The same goes for poetry.
A.Curiosity kills the confusion.
B.Look up the words you do not understand.
C.They are often used to add deeper meaning to the poem.
D.Maybe it makes sense in a way that you can’t necessarily express.
E.Once you find a poem that interests you, read it out loud several times.
F.You should also pay attention to how the poet opens and closes the poem.
G.Unlike painting and music, poetry requires a little extra effort to harvest its full effects.
●Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·广东惠州高二阶段考试]
Chinese poetry, an ancient art form, 1. (date) back thousands of years. It expresses the thoughts and feelings of poets through beautiful images and rhymes. Poets often use natural elements like mountains, rivers, and flowers 2. symbols of various emotions.
The earliest form of Chinese poetry can be traced back to The Book of Songs, 3. collected various poems from different regions and periods. Over time, poetry evolved into various forms, which allowed poets to express their feelings more freely.
One of the most notable 4. (feature) of Chinese poetry is its use of imagery and symbolism. Poets often use 5. (nature) scenery, flowers, birds, and the moon to convey their emotions and ideas. For example, in the famous poem Quiet Night Thoughts by Li Bai, he compares the brightness of the moonlight to the frost on the ground, 6. (create) a peaceful and serene atmosphere.
In addition to imagery, Chinese poetry also places great emphasis on rhyme. 7. (combine) with the beauty of the language, these elements contribute to the charm and harmony of the poems. Many Chinese poems are 8. (wide) recited and appreciated for their musical quality.
In conclusion, Chinese poetry is 9. unique and precious cultural treasure. It not only conveys deep emotions and thoughts but also reflects the 10. (wise) and spirit of the Chinese nation. (共78张PPT)
Period Three
Learning About Language
(Grammar)
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
1.sympathetic adj.(kind to sb who is hurt or sad;showing that
you understand and care about their problems)同情的;赞同的
(教材P53) In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic
understanding of children's feelings.
在这些诗中,诗人泰戈尔表现出对儿童情感的富有同情心的理解。
(1)be sympathetic to/towards… 对……赞同/支持/同情
(2)sympathy n. 同情;赞同
have/express/feel sympathy for… 对……怀着/表示/感到同情
in sympathy with 赞同,支持
out of sympathy for 出于对……的同情
with sympathy(=sympathetically adv.) 同情地
(3)mercy n. 宽恕,仁慈
have mercy on sb 怜悯某人
【佳句背诵】
To be a popular student, we must show our respect, concern
and sympathy for others.
要成为受欢迎的学生,我们必须表现出对他人的尊重、关心和同情。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①I have sympathy____Withers, but I have my own problems to
concern me.
②Although he is a socialist, Mr Wells is scarcely in sympathy
_____ the working class.
③Before tears welled up in my eyes, I saw the smooth,
____________ (sympathy) look in his eyes.
for
with
sympathetic
◆完成句子/一句多译
④[2022·浙江1月考读后续写] I said ___________________________,
“Take care of yourself at the hospital and I assure you that I
won't let you down.”
我同情地说道：“在医院照顾好你自己，我向你保证我不会让你失望。”
with sympathy/sympathetically
⑤[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] Meredith太太同情穷人,因此每当
她有时间她都会给他们带来食物和药品。
→Mrs Meredith ___________________________, so when she had
time, she would bring food and medicine to them.(sympathy)
→Mrs Meredith ____________________________, so when she
had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
(sympathetic)
had sympathy for the poor
was sympathetic to the poor
2.correspondence n. (letters, especially official or business letters)
来往信件;通信联系;一致;相似
(教材P53) Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they
entered into personal correspondence.
布朗宁爱上了她的诗歌,然后他们就开始私下通信。
(1)in correspondence with… 和……一致;与……有通信联系
(2)correspond vi. 符合,一致;相当于;通信
correspond with/to sth 与某物相一致/相符
correspond with sb 与某人通信
(3)corresponding adj. 符合的;相应的;相关的
【佳句背诵】
We've corresponded with each other for years but I've never
actually met him.
我们互相通信已多年了,可是我从未实际见过他。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The translation does not quite correspond ________ the
original works.
②Her ________________ (correspond) with Jim lasted many
years before they were married.
③Profit growth this year is estimated to rise 12.6% from the
______________ (correspond) period last year.
to/with
correspondence
corresponding
◆完成句子/句式改写
④I used to _________________________________________ my
friends by letters while now the Internet makes our
communication more convenient.
我过去经常写信与朋友联络, 而现在网络使我们的沟通更方便了。
correspond with/be in correspondence with
⑤We can win the trust of others only when we make our
actions ___________________ our words.
→ ________________________________________________________
___________________________________.(用倒装句改写)
只有言行一致,我们才能赢得他人的信任。(读后续写之主旨升华)
correspond with/to
Only when we make our actions correspond with/to our words can we win the trust of others
复习定语从句
【探索发现】
1.There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
2.One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, which
contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that
develop a particular theme.
3.List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases
which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
4.Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17
syllables.
5.The haiku poem (E) on the right is a translation from
Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate
butterfly.
【自我总结】
在上述句子中, 句1,3,4加黑部分是________定语从句;句2,5加黑部分
是__________定语从句。
限制性
非限制性
【用法归纳】
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述
1.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分, 若去掉, 主句的内容
就不完整, 意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切, 从句
紧跟先行词, 两者之间不可用逗号隔开。
She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.
她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。
2.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明。没有它, 主句也能独立
存在;非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切, 两者之间用逗
号隔开。
He has two sisters, who are working in the city.
他有两个姐姐, 她们在城市里工作。
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1.标点的运用有所不同
限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后, 不可用逗号分开;而非限制性
定语从句也常放在先行词后, 但必须用逗号与主句分开。
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
站在树下的那个女孩是谁
He is a teacher of much knowledge, from whom much can be
learned.
他是一个学识渊博的老师, 从他那儿可以学到许多东西。
2.从句的作用不同
限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰、限制作用, 是先行词在意义上不
可缺少的定语, 一旦省略, 主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从
句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明, 若将其去掉, 主句的
意思仍然完整。
The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we
watched some people play volleyball.
第二天, 我和弟弟去了海滩,在那里, 我们观看了一些人打排球。
Alice received a letter from her former classmate, which came
as a surprise.
艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信, 这真是件令人惊奇的事情。
3.关系词的选用不同
限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which,
关系副词when, where, why等引导, 而非限制性定语从句不可用that
或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定
语从句)。
Yesterday he bought a new car, which was made in
Japan.(which不可换用that)
昨天他买了一辆新车, 这辆车是日本生产的。
He gave a reason, which explained his absence from the
meeting held last week.(which不可换用why, 因为which在定语从
句中作主语, 而why只能在定语从句中作状语)
=He gave a reason, for which he was absent from the
meeting held last week.
他给了一个他未参加上周举行的会议的理由。
4.从句所修饰的先行词有所不同
限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组;而非限制性定语
从句的先行词除了名词、代词外, 还可以是句子。
This is the best book that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
He won the first prize in the contest, which was more than we
had expected.
他在比赛中得了一等奖, 这一点真出乎我们的预料。
5.关系词的省略不同
在限制性定语从句中, 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时, 在
口语中可以省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不
可省略。
I still remember the days we spent together in college.
(we前省略了that/which)
我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。
She is not the one (that) she used to be.(that在定语从句中作表
语) 她已不再是昔日的她了。
6.英译汉时有所不同
译成汉语时, 往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前;而非限
制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday
上周日我们用的那台机器是哪一台
The concert, which was held last week, was a great success.
那场音乐会是上周举行的, 获得了巨大的成功。
He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.
他可能会迟到, 要是那样的话我们应该等等他。
三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as which
位置上 位置灵活, 可位于句前、句中, 也可 置于句后 只能放在先行词的后
面
句意上 表示“正如……, 正像……的那样” 意为“这一点,这”
As the Chinese saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a
long life.”
正如中国俗语所说：“好人长命百岁。”
After graduating from college, I took some time off to go
travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision.
大学毕业后我休假一段时间去旅游, 事实证明这是一个明智的决定。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ单句填空
1.The results of the experiment proved to be very
good,_______was more than we had expected.
2.We then moved to London,_______we lived for five years.
3.____ is shown in the report, teenage problems are often
connected with family and friends.
which
where
As
4.She has the same golden hair and blue eyes____her mother
has.
5.Once there lived a rich man _________ wanted to do
something for the people of his town.
6.Please send us all the information_____you have about the
candidate for the position.
7.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy
atmosphere_______his employees enjoy their work.
as
who/that
that
where
8.Last month, part of South-east Asia was struck by floods,
from_______effects the people are still suffering.
9.Happiness and success often come to those_____are good at
recognizing their own strengths.
10.By 16:30,_______was almost closing time, nearly all the
paintings had been sold.
whose
who
which
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.I still kept running on when thunderous applause burst,
________________________________________________.
我还在继续跑着，这时响起了雷鸣般的掌声，这标志着冠军的诞生。
which signaled/signalled the birth of the champion
2.Finally came the moment _________________________________.
终于到了她可以陈述她的想法的时刻了。
when she could present her ideas
3.This is the most famous painting __________________________
_____________.
这是该画廊展出过的最著名的画作。
that has ever been shown in the gallery
4.The person I admire most is my English teacher, _________
___________________ is obvious to all.
我最佩服的人是我的英语老师，他对工作的投入有目共睹。
whose devotion to his work
5.The reason ______________________________________________
______ is that we spend so much time in virtual life that we
will miss the benefits from physical exercise.
这些年很多人都有体重问题的原因是我们花了太多的时间在虚拟生
活中,以至于我们会错过体育锻炼带来的好处。
why a lot of people have weight problems these years
Ⅲ语篇填空
You may have heard of the sad story about Titanic,
1._______sounds very sad, but it is true.
The story happened on the ocean 2._______the great ship
Titanic set off on her first voyage, but also her last one. The
ship sank into the waters 3._______there was an iceberg. The
ship sank on the night 4.______there were stars in the sky.
None of the people on the ship knew the reason 5._____the
great ship should sink.
which
where
where
when
why
Now evening came quietly. Suddenly, a strange sound came
from below the ship 6.___________ was flying forward like a
great bird. Captain Smith didn't find there was something wrong
until the engine had stopped and he was told that the ship was
flooded.
Andrews designed Titanic. Generally speaking, he was the
man 7.____________ people would blame. It was a great ship
8.___________ could carry over 1,000 passengers. But the
biggest ship 9._____the famous designer was proud of had a
life of only four days.
that/which
who(m)/that
that/which
that
Captain Smith was to blame, too. Was he the right man
10._______task was to pilot the ship of dreams
whose
练 习 册
Ⅰ单句填空
1.The man, _____ gave us a talk on science yesterday, is a
famous scientist.
who
2.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ______
the weather may be better.
when
3.I live next door to a couple _______ children often make a lot
of noise.
whose
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.I refuse to accept the blame for something _____ is someone
else's fault.
that
5.One writer in _______ I had taken an interest was Immanuel
Velikovsky.
whom
6.____ we know, thousands of people come to visit the
Forbidden City every day.
As
7.Among the many dangers ___________ sailors have to face,
probably the greatest of all is fog.
which/that
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.He wrote a letter _______ he explained what had happened in
the accident.
where
9.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon
_______ school education depends.
which
10.I still don't know the reason _____ the sports meeting has
been put off.
why
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.I am Li Hua, a student from China, ___________________
_______ this summer vacation.
我是李华,来自中国的学生,今年暑假在伦敦学习。
who is studying in London
2._________________________________, music can influence our
emotions, thoughts and behaviour.
众所周知,音乐可以影响我们的情绪、思想和行为。
As is known to all/As we all know
1
2
3
4
5
3.I am writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese
Painting Exhibition ______________________________________.
我写这封信是为了申请成为将在你们美术馆举办的中国画展览的志
愿者。
which will be held in your art gallery
4.I would like to interview Zhang Haidi, ______________________
__________________.
我想采访张海迪,她的经历深深地启发了我。
whose experience has inspired me deeply
1
2
3
4
5
5.This summer I intend to take up a part-time job in a foreign
company, _________________________________________________
and gain some working experience.
今年夏天,我打算在一家外国公司做一份兼职,通过这份工作,我想开阔
我的视野,获得一些工作经验。
through which I would like to broaden my horizons
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ语篇填空
Shu embroidery (蜀绣) enjoys a long history in China. As
early as the Han Dynasty, Shu embroidery was already famous,
enjoying a high reputation as “1.___ treasure of Sichuan”. During
the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, a 2._________
(relative) peaceful society and large demand provided
3.__________ (advance) conditions for the rapid development of
the Shu embroidery industry. Shu embroidery experienced its
peak development in the Song Dynasty, 4.________ (rank) first in
a
relatively
advanced
ranking
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
both production and 5.___________ (excellent). In the mid-Qing
Dynasty, the Shu embroidery industry was formed. 6.___________
the People's Republic of China was founded, Shu embroidery
factories were set up and the craft entered a new period of
development.
Shu embroidery 7.____________ (form) its own unique
characteristics, since it originated among the common people in
the west of Sichuan Province. Shu embroidery has strong
expression and artistic effect, 8._______ features are said as “fine
excellence
After/When
has formed
whose
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
and smooth needlework, simple and elegant colours, graceful
and easy lines and the traditional Chinese painting styles”.
Altogether, there are 122 9.____________ (approach) in 12
categories for weaving. The embroidery took locally-produced
colourful satin (缎子) and threads 10.____ its materials.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜀绣的起源、发
展过程以及特色。
approaches
as
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个瑰宝”，应用不定冠词来修饰，且
treasure的发音是以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
2._________
relatively
[解析] 考查副词。此处修饰形容词peaceful，应用副词relatively“相
对地”，作状语，故填relatively。
3.__________
advanced
[解析] 考查形容词。此处修饰名词conditions，应用形容词advanced，
作定语，故填advanced。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.________
ranking
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语，主语Shu
embroidery和动词rank是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填
ranking。
5.___________
excellence
[解析] 考查名词。此处作宾语，应用名词excellence，不可数，故填
excellence。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6.____________
After/When
[解析] 考查时间状语从句。空处引导状语从句，既可以表示“在新中
国成立后”，用after引导时间状语从句，也可以表示“在新中国成立
时”，用when引导时间状语从句，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填
After/When。
7.____________
has formed
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。由“since it originated among
the common people in the west of Sichuan Province”可知，此处
表示从过去到现在已经形成了独特的特色，应用现在完成时，主语
是Shu embroidery，助动词应用has，故填has formed。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8._______
whose
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Shu
embroidery，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰features，应用whose
引导定语从句。故填whose。
9.____________
approaches
[解析] 考查名词复数。此处名词approach表示“方法”，为可数名词，
由122可知，应用复数形式，故填approaches。
10.____
as
[解析] 考查介词。固定搭配take…as…，意为“把……作为……”，故
填as。
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Ⅳ阅读理解
[2024 ·广东东莞高二月考]
William Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born
in Dublin on June 13, 1865. His childhood lacked the harmony
that was typical of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his
family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its
pain”. In fact, he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his
family—both his father and his brother were painters. But he
finally settled on literature, particularly drama and poetry.
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Yeats had strong faith in the coming of new artistic
movements. He set himself the fresh task in founding an Irish
national theatre in the late 1890s. His early theatrical
experiments, however, were not received favourably at the
beginning. He didn't lose heart, and finally enjoyed success in
his poetical drama.
Compared with his dramatic works, Yeats' poems attract
much admiring notice. The subject matter includes love, nature,
history, time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very
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traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. As his
literary life progressed, his poetry grew finer and richer, which
led him to worldwide recognition.
He had not enjoyed a major public life since winning the
Nobel Prize in 1923. Yet, he continued writing almost to the
end of his life. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would
probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other
example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest
works between the ages of 50 and 75. After Yeats' death in
1939, W. H. Auden wrote, among others, the following lines:
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Earth, receive an honoured guest:
William Yeats is laid to rest.
Let the Irish vessel (船) lie
Emptied of its poetry.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了爱尔兰著名的艺术家
Yeats的一生及其成就。
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( ) 1.Which of the following can describe Yeats' family
A.It filled Yeats' childhood with laughter.
B.It was shocked by Yeats' choice.
C.It was a typically wealthy family.
D.It had an artistic atmosphere.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段“In fact, he inherited (继承)
excellent taste in art from his family—both his father and his
brother were painters. But he finally settled on literature,
particularly drama and poetry.”可知，他的家庭是一个很有艺术气
息的家庭，故D正确。
√
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( ) 2.According to the passage, what do we know about
Yeats' life
A.Yeats founded the first Irish theatre.
B.Yeats stuck to modern forms in his poetry.
C.Yeats began to produce his best works from the 1910s.
D.Yeats was not favoured by the public until the 1923 Nobel
Prize.
√
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段的“William Butler Yeats, a most
famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13, 1865.”和最
后一段的“Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would
probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other
example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest
works between the ages of 50 and 75.”可知，他是1865年出生的，
在50岁以后才写出最好的作品，大约是在1910s，故C正确。
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( ) 3.What kind of feeling is expressed in W. H. Auden's
lines
A.Envy. B.Sympathy. C.Emptiness. D.Admiration.
[解析] 推理判断题。最后一段的“After Yeats' death in 1939, W. H.
Auden wrote, among others, the following lines…”说明他认为
Yeats的去世是爱尔兰艺术界的巨大损失。由此可推断出他很钦佩
Yeats，故D正确。
√
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( ) 4.What is the passage mainly about
A.Yeats' literary achievements. B.Yeats' historical influence.
C.Yeats' artistic ambition. D.Yeats' national honour.
[解析] 主旨大意题。文章介绍了Yeats的家庭、他对文学的热爱和他
所取得的成就，由此可知，本文主要讲的是爱尔兰著名的艺术家
Yeats的生平及其成就。故A正确。
√
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Ⅴ阅读七选五
Reading poetry can be challenging, but learning how to
carefully move through a poem is also very rewarding. 1.___ But,
by following the tips below, anyone can have the deeply
rewarding experience of connecting to a great poem.
Sound abounds (有许多). Poetry is made to be heard.
You're probably familiar with rhyming poems: roses are red,
violets are blue…But there are many sound elements that poets
use not only to make the poem sound beautiful, but to
G
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enhance the meaning or intention of a poem. 2.___ What do
you notice about how it sounds How does the sound enhance
an overall theme, mood, or message
3.___ Many poems may use words or reference places or
times in history that may be unfamiliar to you. Be curious
enough to look up all the words and references that you're
unfamiliar with. You should also gather information about the
poet—what was happening in their lives, and what was going
on in the world around them. All of these can offer essential
context to bring the poem to life.
E
A
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Analyse the figurative (比喻的) language in the poem.
Figurative language could be words that are repeated often in
the poem or words that rhyme in each stanza (节). To get
more into the figurative meaning of the poem, you should look
at how the poet uses literary devices like metaphor, simile, and
imagery. 4.___
C
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Finally, you don't have to understand it to engage with it
and enjoy it. If you like the way a poem sounds when you read
it aloud, but don't know what it “means”, that's OK! 5.___ The
great thing about art is that it can have lots of different
meanings or seemingly no meaning at all and can still be enjoyed.
The same goes for poetry.
D
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A.Curiosity kills the confusion.
B.Look up the words you do not understand.
C.They are often used to add deeper meaning to the poem.
D.Maybe it makes sense in a way that you can't necessarily
express.
E.Once you find a poem that interests you, read it out loud
several times.
F.You should also pay attention to how the poet opens and
closes the poem.
G.Unlike painting and music, poetry requires a little extra effort
to harvest its full effects.
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【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了如何体验阅读诗歌带来
的好处。
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1.___
G
[解析] 上文“Reading poetry can be challenging, but learning
how to carefully move through a poem is also very rewarding.”
以及下文“But, by following the tips below, anyone can have the
deeply rewarding experience of connecting to a great poem.”说
明阅读诗歌是一种挑战,要体会到诗歌的益处是需要一些技巧的,由
but可知,空处和下文是转折关系,G项“与绘画和音乐不同,诗歌需要一
些额外的努力才能获得它的全部效果。”符合题意。故选G。
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2.___
E
[解析] 上文“Poetry is made to be heard.”以及下文“What do you
notice about how it sounds How does the sound enhance an
overall theme, mood, or message ”说明朗读诗歌的声音会使人注
意到它听起来怎么样,E项“一旦你发现一首你感兴趣的诗,大声读几
遍。”承上启下,符合题意。故选E。
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3.___
A
[解析] 下文“Be curious enough to look up all the words and
references that you're unfamiliar with.”说明在阅读诗歌时,要有足够
的好奇心,要去查阅单词和参考资料,A项“好奇心消除困惑。”可以作
为本段中心句,符合题意。故选A。
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4.___
C
[解析] 上文“To get more into the figurative meaning of the
poem, you should look at how the poet uses literary devices
like metaphor, simile, and imagery.”说明诗人运用文学手法进一步
增加诗歌的比喻意义。C项“它们经常被用来给诗增添更深层的意
义。”承接上文,符合题意。故选C。
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5.___
D
[解析] 上文“If you like the way a poem sounds when you read
it aloud, but don't know what it ‘means’, that's OK!”指出,即使你
不知道诗歌的意思也是没关系的,空处应该承接上文,对上文做出解
释,D项“也许它在某种程度上是有意义的,但你不一定能表达出来。”
承接上文。故选D。
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Ⅵ语法填空
[2024·广东惠州高二阶段考试]
Chinese poetry, an ancient art form, 1.______ (date) back
thousands of years. It expresses the thoughts and feelings of
poets through beautiful images and rhymes. Poets often use
natural elements like mountains, rivers, and flowers 2.____
symbols of various emotions.
The earliest form of Chinese poetry can be traced back to
The Book of Songs, 3._______ collected various poems from
dates
as
which
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different regions and periods. Over time, poetry evolved into
various forms, which allowed poets to express their feelings
more freely.
One of the most notable 4._________ (feature) of Chinese
poetry is its use of imagery and symbolism. Poets often use
5.________ (nature) scenery, flowers, birds, and the moon to
convey their emotions and ideas. For example, in the famous
poem Quiet Night Thoughts by Li Bai, he compares the
brightness of the moonlight to the frost on the ground,
6._________ (create) a peaceful and serene atmosphere.
features
natural
creating
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In addition to imagery, Chinese poetry also places great
emphasis on rhyme. 7.___________ (combine) with the beauty of
the language, these elements contribute to the charm and
harmony of the poems. Many Chinese poems are 8._______
(wide) recited and appreciated for their musical quality.
In conclusion, Chinese poetry is 9.___ unique and precious
cultural treasure. It not only conveys deep emotions and
thoughts but also reflects the 10.________ (wise) and spirit of
the Chinese nation.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的文化珍
宝——古诗。
Combined
widely
a
wisdom
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1.______
dates
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，
主语为Chinese poetry，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填
dates。
2.____
as
[解析] 考查介词。use…as…为固定搭配，意为“把……作为……使用”。
故填as。
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3._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The
Book of Songs，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which
引导。故填which。
4._________
features
[解析] 考查名词复数。one of后面接可数名词复数形式。故填
features。
5.________
natural
[解析] 考查形容词。修饰名词scenery需用形容词natural，作定语。
故填natural。
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6._________
creating
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，create和前
面的句子为逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填creating。
7.___________
Combined
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，these
elements和combine为逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词形式，位于
句首，首字母需大写。故填Combined。
8._______
widely
[解析] 考查副词。修饰动词recited需用副词widely，作状语。故填
widely。
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9.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。treasure为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且unique发
音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
10.________
wisdom
[解析] 考查名词。空处和名词spirit并列，需用名词wisdom作宾语，
表抽象概念，不可数。故填wisdom。
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