Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
语言精讲
1.①on ②based ③basically ④on a regular basis/regularly ⑤Based on/On the basis of; based on/on the basis of their interests
2.①calculation ②calculated ③on ④calculating whether I could turn round ⑤It has been calculated that
语法归纳
【自我总结】
过去将来时; 宾语补足语; 过去进行时; 一般过去时
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.had been translated 2.is being repaired 3.are set 4.will be rewarded 5.was chosen 6.were asked 7.have been translated 8.was being watched 9.are surrounded
10.cleaning/to be cleaned
●Ⅱ 1.will be held/is going to be held 2.is being rebuilt
3.was welcomed by 4.is known for; are designed for
●Ⅲ 【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近的一项研究表明将不适作为一个直接目标比你专注于你想学的东西更有可能激励你。
1.what 考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,指物,应用what。故填what。
2.to participate 考查非谓语动词。assign sb to do sth表示“指派某人做某事”。故填to participate。
3.uncomfortable 考查形容词。此处表示“不舒服”,应用形容词uncomfortable。故填uncomfortable。
4.were told 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语与谓语构成被动关系,且发生在过去,应用一般过去时的被动语态,此处主语为复数意义,谓语用复数。故填were told。
5.greater 考查形容词比较级。此处表示“更大的”,应用比较级greater。故填greater。
6.growth 考查名词。空处作介词的宾语,应用名词growth,故填growth。
7.produced 考查动词时态。此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填produced。
8.thinking 考查非谓语动词。此处作句子的主语,应用动名词形式。故填thinking。
9.in 考查介词。短语engage in表示“参与”。故填in。
10.or 考查连词。此处为选择关系,表示“或者”,应用or。故填or。Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
Ⅰ.1.is being graded 2.had been broken 3.have been read
4.is regarded 5.are removed 6.proved/has proved
7.would be carried 8.was blamed;to blame
Ⅱ.1.will be reduced; are persuaded
2.be taken into account/consideration
3.were invited to attend a private concert
4.was being discussed
5.are being raised
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宜宾的川南竹林。
1.trapped 考查非谓语动词。空格处用非谓语动词作定语,修饰名词people,动词trap和people之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词。故填trapped。
2.looking 考查非谓语动词。空格处用非谓语动词作定语,修饰those,动词look和those之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词。故填looking。
3.to visit 考查非谓语动词。tend to do是固定搭配,不定式作宾语。故填to visit。
4.largest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意和空格前的定冠词the可知,空格处用形容词最高级作定语,修饰下文的park。故填largest。
5.when/while 考查连词。空格处引导时间状语从句,意义为“当……时”,且表示一种状态,应该用连词when或while。故填when/while。
6.were shot 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处是从句的谓语,根据时间状语in 2001可知,用一般过去时;主语scenes和动词shoot之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,主语是复数形式,谓语动词应该用复数形式。故填were shot。
7.as 考查介词。根据空格前的was listed可知,空格处应该填入一个介词,且意义为“作为”,所以用as。故填as。
8.fourth 考查数词。根据所给数词和空格前的the可知,空格处应该用序数词fourth,表示“第四个”。故填fourth。
9.a 考查冠词。空格后的单数可数名词poet是上文的Huang Tingjian的同位语,泛指“一个诗人”用不定冠词,poet的发音是辅音音素开头,用a。故填a。
10.description(s) 考查名词。空格处是句子的主语,应该用名词形式,名词description既是可数名词,也是不可数名词,用作可数名词时,应该用复数形式表示“泛指”。故填description(s)。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了科幻文学在现实世界中的作用,即它不仅预言了未来的科技成就,而且还间接地创造了未来。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Pioneering science fiction synthesises(综合) and popularizes(推广) new ideas of the imagination, which in turn can lead others to establish the real-world with such ideas.”(开创性的科幻小说综合并推广了想象中的新思想,这反过来可以引导其他人用这些思想建立现实世界。)及第二段“This idea highlights the notion that these so-called ‘fiction’ writers are not just predicting the future but actually indirectly creating it.”(这个想法强调了这些所谓的“小说”作家不仅预测未来,实际上还间接地创造了未来的概念。)可推知,科幻文学在现实世界中的角色是创造未来。故选A。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段“For instance, Black Mirror: Nosedive predicted a range of technological developments. It imagined a personality rating system, which is now starting to be introduced within China, as a private credit and behaviour scoring system called‘Sesame(芝麻) credit’.”(例如,Black Mirror: Nosedive预言了一系列的技术发展。它设想了一种人格评级系统,作为一种被称为“芝麻信用”的私人信用和行为评分系统,目前已开始在中国推广。)可知,作者写第三段的目的是描述科幻艺术作品如何塑造未来。故选C。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Something as simple as providing inspiration for an idea that an inventor can actually develop shows the shaping effect the domain can have on the world.”以及“Elon Musk’s SpaceX plan of colonizing Mars is an example that we are going to see for ourselves.”可推知,作者举Elon Musk的SpaceX计划的例子是为了展示科幻想法如何激发发明家将其变为现实。故选C。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Pioneering science fiction synthesises(综合) and popularizes(推广) new ideas of the imagination, which in turn can lead others to establish the real-world with such ideas.”和第二段“This idea highlights the notion that these so-called ‘fiction’ writers are not just predicting the future but actually indirectly creating it.”可知,文章主要讲述了科幻文学在现实世界中的作用,即它不仅预言了未来的科技成就,而且还间接地创造了未来。所以文章的最佳标题为“科幻小说如何塑造我们的未来”。故选A。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科幻小说的发展历史、进入西方世界的原因及中国科幻小说的独特魅力。
1.D 根据下文“Some Chinese sci-fi history”、“Its entry into the West”及“What makes Chinese sci-fi distinctive(独特的)”这些小标题可知,本文讲述中国科幻小说的相关内容,D项“中国科幻小说也席卷了西方。”是对本文内容的概括,起到了引出下文的作用。故选D项。
2.C 下文“Few works were translated. And the Western world had little to no taste for it.”(翻译的作品很少。而西方世界对此几乎没有兴趣。)是对C项“在21世纪之前,中国科幻小说鲜为人知。”的进一步解释,与C项构成因果关系,是中国科幻小说在21世纪前鲜为人知的原因。故选C项。
3.F 上文“Movies, clubs, magazines, societies and communities formed around this genre and became increasingly popular among Chinese readers.” (电影、俱乐部、杂志、社团和社区都围绕着这一类型形成,并在中国读者中越来越受欢迎。)和F项“这为它最终被西方读者所了解奠定了基础。”形成内容上的承接,指出了中国科幻小说是如何一步步被本国和西方所接受的。故选F项。
4.A 根据上文“Chinese sci-fi has become internationally recognized, mainly because of Ken Liu, who translated The Three-Body Problem, the first contemporary Chinese sci-fi novel to be translated into English.”可知,《三体》是第一部被翻译成英文的当代中国科幻小说,A项“该书于2014年出版,取得了巨大成功。”是对上文内容的承接,是对该书的进一步介绍。故选A项。
5.G 上文“The subgenre is unique for using a number of cultural and traditional objects, words, places and beliefs.”(该亚体裁在使用许多文化和传统物品、词语、地点和信仰方面是独特的。)和G项“这使得中国科幻小说成为对中国的文化和历史分析。”构成因果关系,是中国科幻小说成为对中国的文化和历史分析原因的解释。故选G项。Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
1.on a…basis 根据;以……的方式(基准)
(教材P4) money paid for work or services, typically on a daily or weekly basis
为工作或服务支付的钱,通常是以每天或每周一次的方式
(1)on the basis of (=based on)根据/基于……
(2)base…on/upon…=…be based on/upon…
把……建立在……的基础上
(3)basic adj. 基本的;基础的
(4)basically adv. 基本上;从根本上说;大体上;总的说来
【佳句背诵】
According to medical research, doing exercise on a regular basis(=regularly) can release pressure and improve mental health.
根据医学研究, 定期运动可以释放压力、改善心理健康。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷] Remember, even world champion athletes practise their skills a consistent basis.
②The research group produced two reports (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
③Prior to the Sui and Tang dynasties, Chinese poems were (basic) written for singing.
◆完成句子
④To achieve overall health, we can start by taking exercise .
为了实现整体健康,我们可以从定期进行锻炼开始。(应用文写作之建议信)
⑤[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷应用文写作] these concerns, I suggest allowing students to form teams voluntarily , learning goals or language abilities.
基于这些考虑,我建议允许学生根据自己的兴趣、学习目标或语言能力自愿组队。
2.calculate vt.(to use numbers to find out a total number, amount, distance, etc.)计算,核算;(to guess sth or form an opinion by using all the information available)预测
(教材P4) They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, we will have more time for creating, thinking, and “being human”.
他们相信如果人工智能能做像计算和为我们驾驶这样的工作,我们将会有更多的时间用于创造、思考和“做人”。
(1)calculate on (=count on/rely on)
预期;指望,依赖
It has been calculated that… 据估算……
(2)calculation n. 计算;推测
(3)calculated adj. 精心策划的;蓄意的
be calculated to do sth (=be intended/designed to do sth) 打算做/故意做/可能做某事
【佳句背诵】
This advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of housewives.
这个广告旨在吸引家庭主妇们的注意。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Laboratory work needs not only accurate measurement but also correct (calculate).
②Obviously, Irene’s cleaning the floor had been a (calculate) attempt to cover up her crime.
③Now that he was not a reliable person, we couldn’t calculate him to help us.
◆完成句子
④I stood very still, without being heard.
我一动不动地站着,盘算着我是否能在不被听到的情况下转身。(读后续写之心理描写)
⑤ there are more than 200 sports in this big event hosted by the big city.
据估算,在由这座大城市主办的这场大型比赛中有200多个比赛项目。
【探索发现】
1.It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife,Claire.
2.…Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.
3.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human…
4.As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops…
【自我总结】
以上句子都使用了被动语态,句1为 的被动语态;句2为不定式的被动语态,to be harmed作allow的 ;句3为 的被动语态;句4为 的被动语态。
复习被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者说动作不是由主语而是由其他人或事物完成的,则用被动语态。
被动语态的构成:助动词be+动词的过去分词。
一、不同时态的主、被动语态形式
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done
一般过去时 did was/were+done
一般将来时 will+do will be+done
现在进行时 am/is/are+ doing am/is/are+ being+done
现在完成时 have/has+ done have/has+been+done
过去完成时 had+done had+been+done
过去进行时 was/were+ doing was/were+ being+done
1.一般现在时被动语态
Glad to inform that you are invited to make a speech in our school.
很高兴通知您,您被邀请去我们学校做一个演讲。
2.一般过去时被动语态
A new bike was bought for me by my parents as a gift last week.
上星期我的父母给我买了一辆新自行车作为礼物。
3.一般将来时被动语态
A paper-cutting exhibition will be held tomorrow morning,which aims to promote traditional Chinese culture.
明天上午即将举行的剪纸展的目的在于推广中国传统文化。
4.现在进行时被动语态
The life of the elk is being studied by specialists at present.
目前专家正在研究麋鹿的生活。
5.现在完成时被动语态
The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.
这本书自1973年问世以来已被译成30种语言。
6.过去完成时被动语态
They had been warned many times before they carried out the plan.
在执行这项计划之前,他们已经被警告过多次了。
7.过去进行时被动语态
Was a new library being put up in their school just then
他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗
二、不同时态的被动语态中的特殊情况
1.否定词not的位置:在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。如:
He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctor’s degree.
听到不会获得博士学位,他沮丧到了极点。
2.主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时,应将宾语变成被动句的主语,而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。如:
We saw him sitting there without doing anything.
→He was seen sitting there without doing anything.
我们看见他坐在那儿,什么也没做。
The song made me feel so much better that from then on I began to listen to music all the time.
→I was made to feel so much better by the song that from then on I began to listen to music all the time.
这首歌让我感觉好多了,从那以后,我开始一直听音乐。
[温馨提示] 在主动语态中,make,hear,see等词后接不定式时要省略to,但转换为被动语态时,则不能省略to。
3.谓语动词带双宾语的主动句转换为被动句时,可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语,用for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语,或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。如:
My father is telling me an interesting story now.
→An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.
→I’m being told an interesting story by my father now.
爸爸现在正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。
4.动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的,在被动结构中也是如此,不可去掉后面的介词或副词。如:
The old man was laughed at by many people when he brought the idea forward.
当这位老人提出这个想法时,遭到了许多人的嘲笑。
5.主动形式表示被动意义
(1)当 wash, write, sell, open, close, shut, lock,cook等用作不及物动词,后加副词(easily,well等)时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.
这种布料很容易洗,并且耐穿。
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很顺畅。
(2)“need, want, require,deserve等+doing”结构用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
Your draft needs revising before it is submitted to the teacher.
→Your draft needs to be revised before it is submitted to the teacher.
你的草稿在提交给老师前需要修改。
(3)be worth doing (=be worthy to be done)结构用主动形式表被动意义。如:
The novel is so interesting that it is worth reading again.
→The novel is so interesting that it is worthy to be read again.
这部小说非常有趣,值得再读一次。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.His writings (translate)into various languages by the end of the last century.
2.My washing machine (repair) at present, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
3.Linda, make sure the tables (set) before the guests arrive.
4.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts (reward) with success in the end.
5.To my delight, I (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony last week.
6.The survey, in which almost 5,000 men and women in 12 countries (ask) last month, shows that both men and women think the same.
7.Up to now, Aesop’s fables (translate) into many languages and are known all over the world.
8.While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I (watch).
9.And don’t forget: we (surround) by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.
10.Before the guests came back, the room needed (clean).
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.Having heard that a Chinese painting exhibition in this local city, I am writing to apply to be a volunteer of your team.
听说本市要举办一个中国画展,我写信申请成为你们团队的一名志愿者。
2.They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house .
他们目前和父母住在一起,因为他们自己的房子正在重建。
3.The professor came to our school and the teachers and students.
那位教授来到我校并受到师生们的欢迎。
4.As we all know, the university its language and culture courses which international students.
众所周知,这所大学因其为国际学生设计的语言和文化课程而闻名。
●Ⅲ 语法填空
We’ve all heard the advice to “get out of your comfort zone” by taking on a new challenge. A recent study goes a step further: make discomfort a direct goal. That’s more likely to motivate you than if you focus on 1. you hope to learn.
In the first of five experiments, the researchers assigned several hundred students training at Second City Chicago 2. (participate) in a small-group improvisation (即兴表演) exercise, and then instructed half of the group that their goal during the session was “to feel awkward and 3. (comfortable)”. The rest, those in the control group, 4. (tell) to “feel yourself developing new skills”. Members of the first group kept at the exercise longer than the others did and took 5. (great) risks. Experiments involving other dimensions of personal 6. (grow)—engaging in expressive writing, learning about gun violence, and hearing about opposing political beliefs—7. (produce) similar results.
Reframing anxiety as excitement has been proven a way to improve singing in front of strangers, and 8. (think) of stress as a means to boost achievement a demonstrated stress-management technique.
“When people reinterpret negative experiences as functional, they are more willing to engage 9. tasks that call forth those experiences,” the researchers explain. “Instead of seeing discomfort as unrelated to the goal 10. a signal to stop, they will start perceiving it as a sign of progress towards their goal.” Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.—Have you handed in your schoolwork yet
—Yes, I have. I guess it (grade) now.
2.When they got home they found that their house (break) into and a lot of valuable things stolen.
3.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, reading old magazines, all of which (read) hundreds of times previously.
4.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
5.When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
6.His efforts paid off and the medicine (prove) to be very effective.
7.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the following two years.
8.He for the accident last week, but actually, he is not the one who is for it.(blame)
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.The number of deaths from cancer greatly if people to eat more fruit and vegetables.
如果说服人们多吃水果和蔬菜, 癌症死亡人数将大大减少。
2.All the factors had better when we make key decisions in our daily life.
当我们在日常生活中做出关键决定时,最好考虑到所有因素。
3.On the last day of our week-long stay, we , listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
在我们为期一周的逗留的最后一天, 我们应邀参加了一场私人音乐会, 聆听了音乐家(的演奏), 并遇见了有趣的当地人。
4.When I entered the room, I found that the detailed information of this activity at the meeting.
当我走进房间时,我发现会议上正在讨论这项活动的详细信息。
5.Nowadays the funds to prevent the endangered species from dying out.
如今(人们)正在筹款以阻止濒危物种灭绝。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空
People in cities, 1. (trap) in the forest of steel-and-cement structures for long, can’t wait to embrace nature on weekends. For those 2. (look) to escape the concrete jungle, maybe it’s time to dive into the bamboo forests of southern Sichuan, China. A natural forest that the people in Sichuan tend 3. (visit) is the Southern Sichuan Bamboo Forest in Yibin.
The 120-square-kilometre Bamboo Forest is the 4. (large) primeval bamboo park in China and its average temperature seldom drops below 0℃ in winter 5. many parts of the country are covered with snow and ice.
It has been a popular tourist attraction since scenes from the Oscar-winning Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon 6. (shoot) there in 2001. Two years later, it got an eco-tour rating when it was listed 7. a world-class bamboo reserve in December 2003, becoming the 8. (four) tourism destination in China to be granted Green Globe 21 certification.
The Bamboo Forest covers Changning and Jiang’an, two counties of Yibin. Shocked by its vast expanse, Huang Tingjian, 9. poet in the Song Dynasty, described it as “bamboo waves”. As Huang was an influential man of letters, his 10. (describe) gave rise to the forest’s popular nickname—the Bamboo Forest.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解 [2024·河北唐山高二期末]
A lot of scientific and technological achievements within the last 100 years were prophesied(预言) within sci-fi literature long before they came into physical existence. Throughout modern history, there has been a symbiotic (共生的) relationship between fiction and those in the science and technology fields. Pioneering science fiction synthesises(综合) and popularizes(推广) new ideas of the imagination, which in turn can lead others to establish the real-world with such ideas.
This idea highlights the notion that these so-called “fiction” writers are not just predicting the future but actually indirectly creating it.
For instance, Black Mirror:Nosedive predicted a range of technological developments. It imagined a personality rating system, which is now starting to be introduced within China, as a private credit and behaviour scoring system called “Sesame(芝麻) credit”. This system conducts behavioural analysis data based on the citizens’ bill payments, abilities to hold contracts, shopping habits, online behaviour and characteristics of online friendships. Very low scores can affect people’s real-world lives—as described in the Black Mirror, the public is restricted from making reservations at hotels or restaurants, for example.
Something as simple as providing inspiration for an idea that an inventor can actually develop shows the shaping effect the domain can have on the world. Google Glass, self-driving cars, artificial intelligence—even human genetic modification, anti-aging processes, and space travel—are all ideas that appeared in science fiction before reality. Elon Musk’s SpaceX plan of colonizing Mars is an example that we are going to see for ourselves.
Over time, history shows that science fiction is less of a predictor of the future and more of an indirect creator. With the inspiration of many aspects of our modern life based on sci-fi films, television, books, etc., the genre itself can be seen as effectively playing a part in shaping our future. What do you think will be the next real-world sci-fi creation Flying cars Neural networks We can only wait to find out…
( )1.What role does “sci-fi literature” play in the real world according to the text
A.A creator of the future.
B.A reflection of the real world.
C.A source of new ideas.
D.A signal of new scientific breakthroughs.
( )2.What is the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 3
A.To recommend a sci-fi TV show.
B.To explain why sci-fi artworks can predict the future.
C.To describe how sci-fi artworks shape the future.
D.To show the importance of building the “Sesame credit” system.
( )3.Why does the author give an example of Elon Musk’s SpaceX plan
A.To tell people where the SpaceX plan came from.
B.To prove the SpaceX plan is worthy of investment.
C.To show how a sci-fi idea inspires inventors to turn it into reality.
D.To emphasize the relationship between virtual and real worlds.
( )4.What would be the best title for this text
A.How science fiction is shaping our future
B.Should we be worried about the sci-fi artworks
C.Why should we encourage the sci-fi creation
D.Technological development contributes to sci-fi artworks
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·安徽合肥庐巢七校高二联考]
Science fiction, or sci-fi, with more themes related to environmental issues, overpopulation, and technological growth, has explosively (爆发地) grown in popularity since the beginning of the 21st century. 1.
Some Chinese sci-fi history
2. Few works were translated. And the Western world had little to no taste for it. The history of Chinese sci-fi is extensive, but the modern genre first took root during the 1900s. Authors such as Lu Xun promoted sci-fi’s early development in China and translated multiple Western stories like Jules Verne’s From the Earth to the Moon. Following the 1970s, China began its own golden age of science fiction. Movies, clubs, magazines, societies and communities formed around this genre and became increasingly popular among Chinese readers. 3.
Its entry into the West
Chinese sci-fi has become internationally recognized, mainly because of Ken Liu, who translated The Three-Body Problem, the first contemporary Chinese sci-fi novel to be translated into English. 4. Chinese sci-fi’s introduction into the West began with this novel, and it couldn’t have been given a better international debut (首次亮相). Liu has become a go-to source for Chinese authors seeking international audiences.
What makes Chinese sci-fi distinctive (独特的)
The subgenre is unique for using a number of cultural and traditional objects, words, places and beliefs. 5. The stories are also different because many modern Chinese sci-fi authors were heavily affected by the events of the 20th century. Their perspectives (思维方式) and ideas on morals, ethics (伦理标准), government, politics, science and anything in between come from standpoints previously unknown to Western readers.
A.Published in 2014, it proved to be a huge success.
B.He is a writer, translator and computer scientist.
C.Before the 2000s, Chinese sci-fi was lesser-known.
D.Chinese sci-fi also made its way to take the West by storm.
E.Similar to Western sci-fi, it has experienced the ups and downs.
F.This laid the foundation for its eventual introduction to Western readers.
G.This makes Chinese sci-fi a cultural and historical analysis of China.(共79张PPT)
Period Three
Learning About Language
(Grammar)
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
1.on a…basis 根据;以……的方式(基准)
(教材P4) money paid for work or services, typically on a daily
or weekly basis
为工作或服务支付的钱,通常是以每天或每周一次的方式
(1)on the basis of (=based on) 根据/基于……
(2)base…on/upon…=…be based on/upon…
把……建立在……的基础上
(3)basic adj. 基本的;基础的
(4)basically adv. 基本上;从根本上说;大体上;总的说来
【佳句背诵】
According to medical research, doing exercise on a regular
basis(=regularly) can release pressure and improve mental health.
根据医学研究, 定期运动可以释放压力、改善心理健康。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷] Remember, even world champion
athletes practise their skills ____ a consistent basis.
②The research group produced two reports _______ (base) on
the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
③Prior to the Sui and Tang dynasties, Chinese poems were
_________ (basic) written for singing.
on
based
basically
◆完成句子
④To achieve overall health, we can start by taking exercise
__________________________.
为了实现整体健康，我们可以从定期进行锻炼开始。(应用文写作之
建议信)
on a regular basis/regularly
⑤[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷应用文写作] _______________________
__ these concerns, I suggest allowing students to form teams
voluntarily ______________________________________, learning
goals or language abilities.
基于这些考虑，我建议允许学生根据自己的兴趣、学习目标或语言
能力自愿组队。
Based on/On the basis of
based on/on the basis of their interests
2.calculate vt.(to use numbers to find out a total number,
amount, distance, etc.)计算,核算;(to guess sth or form an opinion
by using all the information available)预测
(教材P4) They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and
driving for us, we will have more time for creating, thinking,
and “being human”.
他们相信如果人工智能能做像计算和为我们驾驶这样的工作,我们将
会有更多的时间用于创造、思考和“做人”。
(1)calculate on (=count on/rely on) 预期;指望,依赖
It has been calculated that… 据估算……
(2)calculation n. 计算;推测
(3)calculated adj. 精心策划的;蓄意的
be calculated to do sth (=be intended/designed to do sth)
打算做/故意做/可能做某事
【佳句背诵】
This advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of
housewives.
这个广告旨在吸引家庭主妇们的注意。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Laboratory work needs not only accurate measurement but
also correct ___________ (calculate).
②Obviously, Irene's cleaning the floor had been a __________
(calculate) attempt to cover up her crime.
③Now that he was not a reliable person, we couldn't calculate
____ him to help us.
calculation
calculated
on
◆完成句子
④I stood very still, _____________________________________
without being heard.
我一动不动地站着，盘算着我是否能在不被听到的情况下转身。
(读后续写之心理描写)
calculating whether I could turn round
⑤__________________________ there are more than 200 sports
in this big event hosted by the big city.
据估算，在由这座大城市主办的这场大型比赛中有200多个比赛项目。
It has been calculated that
【探索发现】
1.It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife,Claire.
2.…Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or
allow her to be harmed.
3.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so
human…
4.As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops…
【自我总结】
以上句子都使用了被动语态,句1为 ____________ 的被动语态;
句2为不定式的被动语态,to be harmed作allow的 ____________;句3
为 ____________ 的被动语态;句4为 ____________ 的被动语态。
过去将来时
宾语补足语
过去进行时
一般过去时
复习被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:
主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者说动作是由主
语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者说动作不是由
主语而是由其他人或事物完成的,则用被动语态。
被动语态的构成:助动词be+动词的过去分词。
一、不同时态的主、被动语态形式
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done
一般过去时 did was/were+done
一般将来时 will+do will be+done
现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being+done
现在完成时 have/has+done have/has+been+done
过去完成时 had+done had+been+done
过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were+being+done
1.一般现在时被动语态
Glad to inform that you are invited to make a speech in our
school.
很高兴通知您,您被邀请去我们学校做一个演讲。
2.一般过去时被动语态
A new bike was bought for me by my parents as a gift last
week.
上星期我的父母给我买了一辆新自行车作为礼物。
3.一般将来时被动语态
A paper-cutting exhibition will be held tomorrow morning,which
aims to promote traditional Chinese culture.
明天上午即将举行的剪纸展的目的在于推广中国传统文化。
4.现在进行时被动语态
The life of the elk is being studied by specialists at present.
目前专家正在研究麋鹿的生活。
5.现在完成时被动语态
The book has been translated into thirty languages since it
came on the market in 1973.
这本书自1973年问世以来已被译成30种语言。
6.过去完成时被动语态
They had been warned many times before they carried out the
plan.
在执行这项计划之前,他们已经被警告过多次了。
7.过去进行时被动语态
Was a new library being put up in their school just then
他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗
二、不同时态的被动语态中的特殊情况
1.否定词not的位置:在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。如:
He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be
given a doctor's degree.
听到不会获得博士学位,他沮丧到了极点。
2.主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时,应将宾语变成被动句的主语,而
将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。如:
We saw him sitting there without doing anything.
→He was seen sitting there without doing anything.
我们看见他坐在那儿,什么也没做。
The song made me feel so much better that from then on I
began to listen to music all the time.
→I was made to feel so much better by the song that from
then on I began to listen to music all the time.
这首歌让我感觉好多了,从那以后,我开始一直听音乐。
［温馨提示］在主动语态中,make,hear,see等词后接不定式时要省略
to,但转换为被动语态时,则不能省略to。
3.谓语动词带双宾语的主动句转换为被动句时,可将表示物的(直接)宾
语变为主语,用for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语,或将表示人的(间接)宾
语变为主语。如:
My father is telling me an interesting story now.
→An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.
→I'm being told an interesting story by my father now.
爸爸现在正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。
4.动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的,在被动结构中也是如此,不可
去掉后面的介词或副词。如:
The old man was laughed at by many people when he
brought the idea forward.
当这位老人提出这个想法时,遭到了许多人的嘲笑。
5.主动形式表示被动意义
(1)当 wash, write, sell, open, close, shut, lock,cook等用作不及物动
词,后加副词(easily,well等)时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.
这种布料很容易洗,并且耐穿。
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很顺畅。
(2)“need, want, require,deserve等+doing”结构用主动形式表示被动
意义。如:
Your draft needs revising before it is submitted to the teacher.
→Your draft needs to be revised before it is submitted to the
teacher.
你的草稿在提交给老师前需要修改。
(3)be worth doing (=be worthy to be done)结构用主动形式表被
动意义。如:
The novel is so interesting that it is worth reading again.
→The novel is so interesting that it is worthy to be read again.
这部小说非常有趣,值得再读一次。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ单句填空
1.His writings ____________________ (translate)into various
languages by the end of the last century.
2.My washing machine _________________ (repair) at present, so
I have to wash my clothes by hand.
3.Linda, make sure the tables ________ (set) before the guests
arrive.
had been translated
is being repaired
are set
4.The students have been working hard on their lessons and
their efforts _________________ (reward) with success in the end.
5.To my delight, I ____________ (choose) from hundreds of
applicants to attend the opening ceremony last week.
will be rewarded
was chosen
6.The survey, in which almost 5,000 men and women in 12
countries ____________ (ask) last month, shows that both men
and women think the same.
were asked
7.Up to now, Aesop's fables _____________________ (translate)
into many languages and are known all over the world.
have been translated
8.While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing
scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I ___________________
(watch).
was being watched
9.And don't forget: we _______________ (surround) by a natural
playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.
10.Before the guests came back, the room needed ____________
__________ (clean).
are surrounded
cleaning/to be cleaned
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.Having heard that a Chinese painting exhibition _____________
_______________________in this local city, I am writing to apply
to be a volunteer of your team.
听说本市要举办一个中国画展,我写信申请成为你们团队的一名志愿者。
will be held/is going to be held
2.They are living with their parents for the moment because
their own house _______________.
他们目前和父母住在一起,因为他们自己的房子正在重建。
is being rebuilt
3.The professor came to our school and __________________the
teachers and students.
那位教授来到我校并受到师生们的欢迎。
was welcomed by
4.As we all know, the university _____________its language and
culture courses which _________________international students.
众所周知,这所大学因其为国际学生设计的语言和文化课程而闻名。
is known for
are designed for
Ⅲ语法填空
We've all heard the advice to “get out of your comfort
zone” by taking on a new challenge. A recent study goes a
step further: make discomfort a direct goal. That's more likely to
motivate you than if you focus on 1.______ you hope to learn.
In the first of five experiments, the researchers assigned
several hundred students training at Second City Chicago
2.______________ (participate) in a small-group improvisation
(即兴表演) exercise, and then instructed half of the group that
what
to participate
their goal during the session was “to feel awkward and
3.______________ (comfortable)”. The rest, those in the control
group, 4.__________ (tell) to “feel yourself developing new skills”.
Members of the first group kept at the exercise longer than the
others did and took 5.________ (great) risks. Experiments
involving other dimensions of personal 6.________ (grow)—
engaging in expressive writing, learning about gun violence, and
hearing about opposing political beliefs—7.__________ (produce)
similar results.
uncomfortable
were told
greater
growth
produced
Reframing anxiety as excitement has been proven a way to
improve singing in front of strangers, and 8._________ (think) of
stress as a means to boost achievement a demonstrated stress-
management technique.
“When people reinterpret negative experiences as functional,
they are more willing to engage 9.___ tasks that call forth those
experiences,” the researchers explain. “Instead of seeing
discomfort as unrelated to the goal 10.____ a signal to stop,
they will start perceiving it as a sign of progress towards their
goal.”
thinking
in
or
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近的一项研究表明
将不适作为一个直接目标比你专注于你想学的东西更有可能激励你。
1.______
what
[解析] 考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，
应用what。故填what。
2.______________
to participate
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。assign sb to do sth表示“指派某人做某
事”。故填to participate。
3.______________
uncomfortable
[解析] 考查形容词。此处表示“不舒服”，应用形容词uncomfortable。
故填uncomfortable。
4.__________
were told
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语与谓语构成被动关系，
且发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，此处主语为复数意义，
谓语用复数。故填were told。
5.________
greater
[解析] 考查形容词比较级。此处表示“更大的”，应用比较级greater。
故填greater。
6.________
growth
[解析] 考查名词。空处作介词的宾语，应用名词growth，故填
growth。
7.__________
produced
[解析] 考查动词时态。此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。
故填produced。
8._________
thinking
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处作句子的主语，应用动名词形式。故
填thinking。
9.___
in
[解析] 考查介词。短语engage in表示“参与”。故填in。
10.____
or
[解析] 考查连词。此处为选择关系，表示“或者”，应用or。故填or。
练 习 册
Ⅰ单句填空
1.—Have you handed in your schoolwork yet
—Yes, I have. I guess it ________________ (grade) now.
is being graded
2.When they got home they found that their house
_________________ (break) into and a lot of valuable things
stolen.
had been broken
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, reading old
magazines, all of which ________________ (read) hundreds of
times previously.
4.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming,
____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of
exercise.
have been read
is regarded
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5.When fat and salt _____________(remove) from food, the food
tastes as if it is missing something.
are removed
6.His efforts paid off and the medicine
___________________(prove) to be very effective.
proved/has proved
7.I was sent to the village last month to see how the
development plan _________________ (carry) out in the following
two years.
would be carried
8.He ____________ for the accident last week, but actually, he is
not the one who is __________ for it.(blame)
was blamed
to blame
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.The number of deaths from cancer ________________ greatly
if people _______________ to eat more fruit and vegetables.
如果说服人们多吃水果和蔬菜, 癌症死亡人数将大大减少。
will be reduced
are persuaded
2.All the factors had better _________________________________
when we make key decisions in our daily life.
当我们在日常生活中做出关键决定时,最好考虑到所有因素。
be taken into account/consideration
1
2
3
4
5
3.On the last day of our week-long stay, we _________________
______________________, listening to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
在我们为期一周的逗留的最后一天, 我们应邀参加了一场私人音乐会,
聆听了音乐家(的演奏), 并遇见了有趣的当地人。
were invited to attend a private concert
4.When I entered the room, I found that the detailed
information of this activity ____________________ at the meeting.
当我走进房间时,我发现会议上正在讨论这项活动的详细信息。
was being discussed
1
2
3
4
5
5.Nowadays the funds ________________ to prevent the
endangered species from dying out.
如今(人们)正在筹款以阻止濒危物种灭绝。
are being raised
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ语篇填空
People in cities, 1._________ (trap) in the forest of steel-
and-cement structures for long, can't wait to embrace nature on
weekends. For those 2.________ (look) to escape the concrete
jungle, maybe it's time to dive into the bamboo forests of
southern Sichuan, China. A natural forest that the people in
Sichuan tend 3.________ (visit) is the Southern Sichuan Bamboo
Forest in Yibin.
trapped
looking
to visit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
The 120-square-kilometre Bamboo Forest is the 4._______
(large) primeval bamboo park in China and its average
temperature seldom drops below 0 in winter 5.____________
many parts of the country are covered with snow and ice.
It has been a popular tourist attraction since scenes from
the Oscar-winning Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon 6.__________
(shoot) there in 2001. Two years later, it got an eco-tour
rating when it was listed 7.____ a world-class bamboo reserve
in December 2003, becoming the 8._______ (four) tourism
destination in China to be granted Green Globe 21 certification.
largest
when/while
were shot
as
fourth
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
The Bamboo Forest covers Changning and Jiang'an, two
counties of Yibin. Shocked by its vast expanse, Huang Tingjian,
9.___ poet in the Song Dynasty, described it as “bamboo
waves”. As Huang was an influential man of letters, his
10._____________(describe) gave rise to the forest's popular
nickname—the Bamboo Forest.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宜宾的川南竹林。
a
description(s)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1._________
trapped
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空格处用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词
people，动词trap和people之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填
trapped。
2.________
looking
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空格处用非谓语动词作定语，修饰those，
动词look和those之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填looking。
3.________
to visit
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。tend to do是固定搭配，不定式作宾语。
故填to visit。
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4._______
largest
[解析] 考查形容词最高级。根据句意和空格前的定冠词the可知，空
格处用形容词最高级作定语，修饰下文的park。故填largest。
5.____________
when/while
[解析] 考查连词。空格处引导时间状语从句，意义为“当……时”，
且表示一种状态，应该用连词when或while。故填when/while。
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6.___________
were shot
[解析] 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处是从句的谓语，根据时
间状语in 2001可知，用一般过去时；主语scenes和动词shoot之间是
被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语是复数形式，谓语动词应该用复
数形式。故填were shot。
7.____
as
[解析] 考查介词。根据空格前的was listed可知，空格处应该填入一
个介词，且意义为“作为”，所以用as。故填as。
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8._______
fourth
[解析] 考查数词。根据所给数词和空格前的the可知，空格处应该用
序数词fourth，表示“第四个”。故填fourth。
9.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。空格后的单数可数名词poet是上文的Huang
Tingjian的同位语，泛指“一个诗人”用不定冠词，poet的发音是辅音
音素开头，用a。故填a。
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10._____________
description(s)
[解析] 考查名词。空格处是句子的主语，应该用名词形式，名词
description既是可数名词，也是不可数名词，用作可数名词时，应该
用复数形式表示“泛指”。故填description(s)。
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Ⅳ阅读理解［2024·河北唐山高二期末］
A lot of scientific and technological achievements within the
last 100 years were prophesied(预言) within sci-fi literature long
before they came into physical existence. Throughout modern
history, there has been a symbiotic (共生的) relationship
between fiction and those in the science and technology fields.
Pioneering science fiction synthesises(综合) and popularizes(推广)
new ideas of the imagination, which in turn can lead others to
establish the real-world with such ideas.
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This idea highlights the notion that these so-called “fiction”
writers are not just predicting the future but actually indirectly
creating it.
For instance, Black Mirror:Nosedive predicted a range of
technological developments. It imagined a personality rating
system, which is now starting to be introduced within China, as
a private credit and behaviour scoring system called “Sesame
(芝麻) credit”. This system conducts behavioural analysis data
based on the citizens' bill payments, abilities to hold contracts,
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4
shopping habits, online behaviour and characteristics of online
friendships. Very low scores can affect people's real-world
lives—as described in the Black Mirror, the public is restricted
from making reservations at hotels or restaurants, for example.
Something as simple as providing inspiration for an idea
that an inventor can actually develop shows the shaping effect
the domain can have on the world. Google Glass, self-driving
cars, artificial intelligence—even human genetic modification,
anti-aging processes, and space travel—are all ideas that
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appeared in science fiction before reality. Elon Musk's SpaceX
plan of colonizing Mars is an example that we are going to see
for ourselves.
Over time, history shows that science fiction is less of a
predictor of the future and more of an indirect creator. With
the inspiration of many aspects of our modern life based on
sci-fi films, television, books, etc., the genre itself can be seen
as effectively playing a part in shaping our future. What do you
think will be the next real-world sci-fi creation Flying cars
Neural networks We can only wait to find out…
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科幻文学在现实世界中
的作用，即它不仅预言了未来的科技成就，而且还间接地创造了未来。
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( ) 1.What role does “sci-fi literature” play in the real world
according to the text
A.A creator of the future.
B.A reflection of the real world.
C.A source of new ideas.
D.A signal of new scientific breakthroughs.
√
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Pioneering science fiction
synthesises(综合) and popularizes(推广) new ideas of the
imagination, which in turn can lead others to establish the real-
world with such ideas.”(开创性的科幻小说综合并推广了想象中的新
思想，这反过来可以引导其他人用这些思想建立现实世界。)及第二
段“This idea highlights the notion that these so-called ‘fiction’
writers are not just predicting the future but actually indirectly
creating it.”(这个想法强调了这些所谓的“小说”作家不仅预测未来，
实际上还间接地创造了未来的概念。)可推知，科幻文学在现实世界
中的角色是创造未来。故选A。
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( ) 2.What is the author's purpose of writing Paragraph 3
A.To recommend a sci-fi TV show.
B.To explain why sci-fi artworks can predict the future.
C.To describe how sci-fi artworks shape the future.
D.To show the importance of building the “Sesame credit”
system.
√
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段“For instance, Black Mirror:
Nosedive predicted a range of technological developments. It
imagined a personality rating system, which is now starting to
be introduced within China, as a private credit and behaviour
scoring system called‘Sesame(芝麻) credit’.”(例如，Black Mirror:
Nosedive预言了一系列的技术发展。它设想了一种人格评级系统，
作为一种被称为“芝麻信用”的私人信用和行为评分系统，目前已开始
在中国推广。)可知，作者写第三段的目的是描述科幻艺术作品如何
塑造未来。故选C。
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( ) 3.Why does the author give an example of Elon Musk's
SpaceX plan
A.To tell people where the SpaceX plan came from.
B.To prove the SpaceX plan is worthy of investment.
C.To show how a sci-fi idea inspires inventors to turn it into
reality.
D.To emphasize the relationship between virtual and real worlds.
√
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Something as simple as
providing inspiration for an idea that an inventor can actually
develop shows the shaping effect the domain can have on the
world.”以及“Elon Musk's SpaceX plan of colonizing Mars is an
example that we are going to see for ourselves.”可推知，作者举
Elon Musk的SpaceX计划的例子是为了展示科幻想法如何激发发明
家将其变为现实。故选C。
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( ) 4.What would be the best title for this text
A.How science fiction is shaping our future
B.Should we be worried about the sci-fi artworks
C.Why should we encourage the sci-fi creation
D.Technological development contributes to sci-fi artworks
√
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[解析] 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Pioneering science fiction
synthesises(综合) and popularizes(推广) new ideas of the
imagination, which in turn can lead others to establish the real-
world with such ideas.”和第二段“This idea highlights the notion
that these so-called ‘fiction’ writers are not just predicting the
future but actually indirectly creating it.”可知，文章主要讲述了科
幻文学在现实世界中的作用，即它不仅预言了未来的科技成就，而
且还间接地创造了未来。所以文章的最佳标题为“科幻小说如何塑造
我们的未来”。故选A。
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Ⅴ阅读七选五
[2024·安徽合肥庐巢七校高二联考]
Science fiction, or sci-fi, with more themes related to
environmental issues, overpopulation, and technological growth,
has explosively (爆发地) grown in popularity since the beginning
of the 21st century. 1.___
D
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Some Chinese sci-fi history
2.___ Few works were translated. And the Western world
had little to no taste for it. The history of Chinese sci-fi is
extensive, but the modern genre first took root during the
1900s. Authors such as Lu Xun promoted sci-fi's early
development in China and translated multiple Western stories
like Jules Verne's From the Earth to the Moon. Following the
1970s, China began its own golden age of science fiction.
Movies, clubs, magazines, societies and communities formed
around this genre and became increasingly popular among
Chinese readers. 3.___
C
F
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Its entry into the West
Chinese sci-fi has become internationally recognized, mainly
because of Ken Liu, who translated The Three-Body Problem,
the first contemporary Chinese sci-fi novel to be translated into
English. 4.___ Chinese sci-fi's introduction into the West began
with this novel, and it couldn't have been given a better
international debut (首次亮相). Liu has become a go-to source
for Chinese authors seeking international audiences.
A
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What makes Chinese sci-fi distinctive (独特的)
The subgenre is unique for using a number of cultural and
traditional objects, words, places and beliefs. 5.___ The stories
are also different because many modern Chinese sci-fi authors
were heavily affected by the events of the 20th century. Their
perspectives (思维方式) and ideas on morals, ethics (伦理标准),
government, politics, science and anything in between come
from standpoints previously unknown to Western readers.
G
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A.Published in 2014, it proved to be a huge success.
B.He is a writer, translator and computer scientist.
C.Before the 2000s, Chinese sci-fi was lesser-known.
D.Chinese sci-fi also made its way to take the West by storm.
E.Similar to Western sci-fi, it has experienced the ups and
downs.
F.This laid the foundation for its eventual introduction to
Western readers.
G.This makes Chinese sci-fi a cultural and historical analysis of
China.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科幻小说的发展
历史、进入西方世界的原因及中国科幻小说的独特魅力。
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1.___
D
[解析] 根据下文“Some Chinese sci-fi history”、“Its entry into the
West”及“What makes Chinese sci-fi distinctive(独特的)”这些小标题
可知，本文讲述中国科幻小说的相关内容，D项“中国科幻小说也席
卷了西方。”是对本文内容的概括，起到了引出下文的作用。故选D项。
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2.___
C
[解析] 下文“Few works were translated. And the Western world
had little to no taste for it.”(翻译的作品很少。而西方世界对此几
乎没有兴趣。)是对C项“在21世纪之前，中国科幻小说鲜为人知。”的
进一步解释，与C项构成因果关系，是中国科幻小说在21世纪前鲜为
人知的原因。故选C项。
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3.___
F
[解析] 上文“Movies, clubs, magazines, societies and communities
formed around this genre and became increasingly popular
among Chinese readers.” (电影、俱乐部、杂志、社团和社区都围
绕着这一类型形成，并在中国读者中越来越受欢迎。)和F项“这为它
最终被西方读者所了解奠定了基础。”形成内容上的承接，指出了中
国科幻小说是如何一步步被本国和西方所接受的。故选F项。
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4.___
A
[解析] 根据上文“Chinese sci-fi has become internationally
recognized, mainly because of Ken Liu, who translated The
Three-Body Problem, the first contemporary Chinese sci-fi novel
to be translated into English.”可知，《三体》是第一部被翻译成英
文的当代中国科幻小说，A项“该书于2014年出版，取得了巨大成
功。”是对上文内容的承接，是对该书的进一步介绍。故选A项。
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5.___
G
[解析] 上文“The subgenre is unique for using a number of
cultural and traditional objects, words, places and beliefs.”
(该亚体裁在使用许多文化和传统物品、词语、地点和信仰方面是独
特的。)和G项“这使得中国科幻小说成为对中国的文化和历史分析。”
构成因果关系，是中国科幻小说成为对中国的文化和历史分析原因
的解释。故选G项。
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