Unit 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Period One Reading and Thinking—Comprehension
Ⅰ.1.故事,叙述 2.伸出 3.看 4.撤回 5.商人
Ⅱ.1.bond(s) 2.royal 3.has been extended
4.negotiate 5.league 6.withdrawn
Ⅲ.1.search for 2.in a league of his own 3.for the benefit of 4.in hand 5.a sight to behold 6.lay/form the foundation for
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋探索的重要性、海底测绘的现状、海洋生物的多样性以及我们对海洋及其生物的了解程度。文章强调了继续探索和研究海洋的必要性。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Seafloor mapping provides a sense of what may lie beneath and guides decisions about where to explore. While the entire seafloor has been mapped using data collected from satellites, these data provide only a general picture of what’s there. Detail is limited on these maps, so some important geographical features like seamounts and objects like shipwrecks (失事船只) remain unseen.”及第三段中“As of 2023,24.9% of the global seafloor had been mapped with modern high-resolution (高分辨率的) technology, usually fixed on ships, which can reveal the seafloor in greater detail.”可知,海底测绘可以更详细地展示海底的情况。故选B项。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“While almost 50% of the seafloor beneath US waters had been mapped to these modern standards, the nation’s seafloor is larger than the land area of all 50 states. Thus, there’s still a significant amount of seafloor left to be mapped at high resolution.”可知,第三段提到美国水域下方的海底是为了强调绘制海底地图的进一步任务。故选A项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“More is known about the seafloor than the species that call the ocean home. Seafloor maps can provide information about potential habitats, but they can’t identify species on the seafloor or provide information about how they interact with each other and their environments.”可知,通过海底地图我们可以了解海洋物种的栖息地。故选C项。
4.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了海洋探索的重要性、海底测绘的现状、海洋生物的多样性以及我们对海洋及其生物的了解程度。文章强调了继续探索和研究海洋的必要性。D项(有多少海洋已经被勘探过了 )适合做文章的最佳标题。故选D项。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海水的成分、海水变咸的原因,以及一些高盐湖泊的存在和海水淡化的潜在可能。
1.A 根据空前内容“What is in ocean water, anyway ”可知,空前提问海水里到底有什么。选项A“It is mostly made up of water, of course.”(当然,它主要是由水组成的。)回答了上文的提问,指出海水主要是由水组成的。故选A。
2.D 根据空后内容“And the acid eats away at rocks and soil.”可推测,空处需要提到“酸”。选项D“As you might already know, rainwater is mildly acidic.”(你可能已经知道,雨水是微酸性的。)指出雨水是微酸的,使得后文关于雨水中的酸侵蚀岩石和土壤的叙述更加合理。故选D。
3.F 根据空前内容“A similar reaction happens when underwater volcanoes erupt. The sea water surrounding the volcano reacts with the hot rocks of the volcano.”可知,水下火山爆发也会产生盐。选项F“Minerals and salts from those rocks dissolve in the ocean water.”(那些岩石中的矿物质和盐溶解到海水中。)是上文内容的自然延续,指的是火山周围的海水与火山的热岩石发生反应,岩石中的矿物质和盐溶解到海水中,从而使得海水中含有盐。故选F。
4.B 根据空后的“You may have heard of the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea.”可知,下文提到的都是高盐湖泊的例子。选项B“There are some lakes that are very salty.”(有一些湖泊是非常咸的。)作为段落开头,能引出后文。故选B。
5.C 根据空前内容“As droughts become more common and severer, many hope that we could one day get more of our drinking water from the ocean.”可知,我们需要一种方法去除海水中的盐。选项C“There is a way to remove salt from sea water.”(有一种方法可以去除海水中的盐。)正好回应了这一需求,并引出了后文关于海水淡化的讨论。故选C。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了深海及其勘探的历史。
1.mysterious 考查形容词。remains为连系动词,空处应用形容词作表语。故填mysterious。
2.truly 考查副词。空处作状语,应用副词形式。故填truly。
3.the 考查冠词。the same…为固定用法。故填the。
4.where 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行词是thermocline,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where。故填where。
5.having 考查非谓语动词。此处指“阳光的加热和冷却效应停止起作用”,stop doing sth意为“停止做某事”。故填having。
6.deeper 考查形容词比较级。根据than可知,此处应用形容词比较级。故填deeper。
7.to research 考查非谓语动词。it是形式主语,空处应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to research。
8.under 考查介词。under high pressure意为“在高压之下”。故填under。
9.have been developed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语special tools和动词develop之间是被动关系,结合时间状语over the past few decades可知,应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语表示复数意义。故填have been developed。
10.disciplines 考查名词复数。discipline在此处意为“知识领域”,是可数名词,由multiple可知,应用名词复数形式。故填disciplines。Unit 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Period One Reading and Thinking—Comprehension
●Ⅰ 品句识词(写出下面黑体词的汉语意思)
1.The villagers gathered around the fire to listen to the old man’s tale.
2.She extended the hand of friendship, hoping to resolve the conflict.
3.As the sun began to set, we stopped to behold the breathtaking view of the mountains.
4.She decided to withdraw her application for the job after considering other opportunities.
5.The wealthy merchant travelled across many countries to trade his goods.
●Ⅱ 单词拼写
1.The agreement strengthened the (纽带) between the two countries.
2.The former (皇家的) palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.
3.It is reported that the exhibition (延长) for another month.
4.The publishing house had just begun to (协商) for her next books.
5.As is reported in the newspaper, their football team is the best in the (联赛).
6.The company (撤回) the job offer after realizing that the candidate had provided false information on his resume.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to (寻找) survivors in an earthquake.
2.He’s the best artist I’ve ever seen. He’s (出类拔萃).
3.I have typed out some lecture notes (为了帮助……)those people who were absent last week.
4.The other day I drew $500 from my bank account so I do have some money (在手头) now.
5.The sunrise at the seaside was quite (壮观的景象), which is a popular getaway.
6.What we are learning at school will (为……奠定基础) the future.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
[2024·山东百师联盟高二期末联考]
The ocean covers approximately 70% of Earth’s surface. It’s the largest livable space on our planet, and there’s more life there than anywhere else on Earth. Through exploration, we’re learning more about its biological, chemical, physical, and geological (地质的) aspects. Exploration leads to discovery, but before we can truly explore, we must map.
Seafloor mapping provides a sense of what may lie beneath and guides decisions about where to explore. While the entire seafloor has been mapped using data collected from satellites, these data provide only a general picture of what’s there. Detail is limited on these maps, so some important geographical features like seamounts and objects like shipwrecks (失事船只) remain unseen.
As of 2023,24.9% of the global seafloor had been mapped with modern high-resolution (高分辨率的) technology, usually fixed on ships, which can reveal the seafloor in greater detail. While almost 50% of the seafloor beneath US waters had been mapped to these modern standards, the nation’s seafloor is larger than the land area of all 50 states. Thus, there’s still a significant amount of seafloor left to be mapped at high resolution.
More is known about the seafloor than the species that call the ocean home. Seafloor maps can provide information about potential habitats, but they can’t identify species on the seafloor or provide information about how they interact with each other and their environments. Scientists estimate there may be between 700,000 and 1 million species in the ocean. Roughly two-thirds of these species have yet to be discovered or officially described, with almost 2,000 new species accepted by the scientific community each year.
We have a great deal more to learn about our ocean and what lives in it, but progress is being made. We learn more and more each year. But the ocean will never be fully explored. Earth is constantly changing, and it’s important to understand these changes given the importance of the ocean in our everyday lives.
( )1. Why is seafloor mapping important for exploring the ocean
A.It reveals all objects on the seafloor.
B.It shows the seafloor in greater detail.
C.It guides decisions about where to sail.
D.It provides a general picture of the earth.
( )2. Why is the seafloor beneath US waters mentioned in Paragraph 3
A.To stress the further task of mapping the seafloor.
B.To explain the standards of mapping the seafloor.
C.To illustrate the geographical features of the seafloor.
D.To highlight the significance of mapping the seafloor.
( )3. What can we learn from the seafloor maps
A.The quality of the water.
B.The environment of the ocean.
C.The homes of sea species.
D.The endangered sea species.
( )4. What is the best title of the text
A.How can the seafloor be mapped
B.What species are living in the ocean
C.Why is it important to exploit the ocean
D.How much of the ocean has been explored
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·安徽省A10联盟高二学情调研]
About 70%of our planet is made up of water, and 97% of that water is salty. All the oceans—from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from the Arctic to the Indian—are all salty!
What is in ocean water, anyway 1. But there are lots of other elements in the water, too. There are dissolved (溶解的) salts and minerals in ocean water. There are small quantities of chemicals—even metals like gold!
Some of these elements enter the ocean through run-off, which is water that flows over the land and into streams, rivers and eventually into oceans. 2. And the acid eats away at rocks and soil. As a result, tiny bits of minerals and salts join with the rainwater as run-off and make their way to the ocean.
Salt also comes from the depths of the ocean. Deep down on the ocean floor, there are openings that push hot water into the ocean. The warm water from the openings contains a lot of dissolved minerals. These include more salt. A similar reaction happens when underwater volcanoes erupt. The sea water surrounding the volcano reacts with the hot rocks of the volcano. 3.
4. You may have heard of the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea. These salty lakes are usually very large, and they form inland (not connected to the ocean). Believe it or not, some of these lakes can be ten times saltier than the ocean!
As droughts become more common and severer, many hope that we could one day get more of our drinking water from the ocean. 5. However, it is not an easy process. Salt dissolves in water so easily that it is hard work to separate them.
A.It is mostly made up of water, of course.
B.There are some lakes that are very salty.
C.There is a way to remove salt from sea water.
D.As you might already know, rainwater is mildly acidic.
E.But run-off isn’t the only reason that ocean water is salty.
F.Minerals and salts from those rocks dissolve in the ocean water.
G.Oceans may tend to be less salty where there is a lot of rainfall.
●Ⅵ 语法填空 [2024·广东中山高二期末统考]
Oceans cover about 70 percent of the Earth’s surface, yet even today their depths remain largely unexplored. Scientists estimate between 90 and 95 percent of the deep sea remains 1. (mystery). The deep sea is 2. (true) the planet’s final frontier.
The term “deep sea” doesn’t have 3. same meaning to everyone. To fishermen, the deep sea is any part of the ocean beyond the relatively shallow continental shelf. To scientists, the deep sea is the lowest part of the ocean, located below the thermocline (温跃层) 4. heating and cooling effects from sunlight stop 5. (have) an effect, and above the sea floor. This is the part of the ocean 6. (deep) than 1,800 metres.
It’s difficult 7. (research) the depths because they are permanently dark, extremely cold and 8. high pressure. From the time of Pliny until the end of the 19th century, people believed the deep sea was a lifeless wasteland. Modern scientists recognize the deep sea as the largest habitat on the planet. Special tools 9. (develop) by humans over the past few decades to explore this cold and dark environment. Deep sea exploration involves multiple 10. (discipline), such as oceanography, biology, geography, archaeology, and engineering. Unit 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Period One Reading and Thinking—Comprehension
【课前自主探究】
Task 1 Text Structure Analysing
1.Trade 2.Ming 3.the Arctic
Task 2 Fast Reading
China’s exploration of the sea for trade and cooperation
Task 3 Careful Reading
1—5 CDDBA
Task 4 Micro-writing
1.curiosity 2.its 3.to negotiate 4.which
5.exploration 6.the 7.from 8.are being revisited
9.greatly 10.latestUnit 3 SEA EXPLORATION
[导读] 世界海洋日是每年6月8日,是一个全球性节日,旨在提高公众对海洋的重要性的认识,并动员全球公民采取可持续的海洋管理措施。
World Oceans Day: origins and significance
World Oceans Day, celebrated annually on June 8th, was officially recognized by the United Nations in 2008. However, the concept of a day to honour and protect the world’s oceans was first proposed by Canada at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The idea was to raise awareness of the crucial role oceans play in our lives and the importance of preserving their health for future generations.
The oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth’s surface and are vital to our planet’s ecosystem. They produce at least 50% of the planet’s oxygen, support the greatest biodiversity on Earth, and are a significant source of food and livelihood for billions of people. Despite their importance, oceans are facing numerous threats, including pollution, overfishing, and climate change.
World Oceans Day aims to educate the public about the impact of human actions on the oceans and to mobilize global citizens for sustainable ocean management. Each year, the day is marked by various events and activities, such as beach clean-ups, educational programmes, and campaigns to reduce plastic waste.
The theme for World Oceans Day changes annually to address different challenges faced by our oceans. This thematic approach helps to focus efforts and resources on specific issues, fostering international collaboration and inspiring positive change.
By celebrating World Oceans Day, we acknowledge the oceans’ vital role in our ecosystem and commit ourselves to taking action that protects and preserves this invaluable resource for future generations.
【主题词句背诵】
1.propose v. 提议
2.awareness n. 意识
3.ecosystem n. 生态系统
4.biodiversity n. 生物多样性
5.overfishing n. 捕捞过度
6.sustainable adj. 可持续的
7. address v. 处理
8.invaluable adj. 非常宝贵的
9.By celebrating World Oceans Day, we acknowledge the oceans’ vital role in our ecosystem and commit ourselves to taking action that protects and preserves this invaluable resource for future generations.
通过庆祝世界海洋日,我们承认海洋在生态系统中的重要作用,并承诺采取行动为子孙后代保护和保存这一非常宝贵的资源。
Period One Reading and Thinking—Comprehension
Task 1 Text Structure Analysing
Task 2 Fast Reading
The text mainly tells us in the past, at present and in the future.
Task 3 Careful Reading
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer according to the text.
( )1.Why did mankind explore the sea
A.To draw a map of the world.
B.To expand their civilization.
C.To trade and fulfill their curiosity.
D.To accumulate more tales about voyages.
( )2.Who made great contributions to China’s exploration of the sea in the Ming Dynasty
A.Marco Polo. B.Columbus.
C.Du Huan. D.Zheng He.
( )3.Which of the following activities is NOT mentioned during the expedition to other regions
A.Negotiation of trade deals.
B.Getting to know other cultures.
C.Exchanging goods or gifts.
D.Conquering other land and races.
( )4.What is the reason for China exploring the Arctic in the scientific aspect
A.To meet an urgent need for resources.
B.To do research on its environmental influences.
C.To communicate with other countries.
D.To explore new trading sea routes.
( )5.How is the text developed
A.By time. B.By space.
C.By process. D.By comparison.
Task 4 Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
Trade and 1. (curious) have been inspiring mankind to make great achievements. In ancient times, merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west along sea routes. Silk from China found 2. (it) way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along the Silk Road. In Ceylon, merchants from China and many other places met 3. (negotiate) trade deals, 4. also promoted cultural communication. During those centuries, further trading allowed more 5. (explore) of the regions to the west of China. In the Ming Dynasty, under 6. command of Zheng He, seven large fleets voyaged west for trade and exploration. Although China withdrew 7. further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes still played their roles in culture spreading.
Today the sea routes explored by Zheng He 8. (revisit) with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. China has invested billions to help 9. (great) develop the future trade and cultural exchange.
With the 10. (late) technology in hand, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to continue to explore the sea in the future. (共53张PPT)
Period One
Reading and Thinking—
Comprehension
［导读］世界海洋日是每年6月8日，是一个全球性节日，旨在提高
公众对海洋的重要性的认识，并动员全球公民采取可持续的海洋管
理措施。
World Oceans Day: origins and significance
World Oceans Day, celebrated annually on June 8th, was
officially recognized by the United Nations in 2008. However,
the concept of a day to honour and protect the world's oceans
was first proposed by Canada at the Earth Summit in Rio de
Janeiro in 1992. The idea was to raise awareness of the crucial
role oceans play in our lives and the importance of preserving
their health for future generations.
The oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface and
are vital to our planet's ecosystem. They produce at least 50%
of the planet's oxygen, support the greatest biodiversity on
Earth, and are a significant source of food and livelihood for
billions of people. Despite their importance, oceans are facing
numerous threats, including pollution, overfishing, and climate
change.
World Oceans Day aims to educate the public about the
impact of human actions on the oceans and to mobilize global
citizens for sustainable ocean management. Each year, the day
is marked by various events and activities, such as beach clean-
ups, educational programmes, and campaigns to reduce plastic
waste.
The theme for World Oceans Day changes annually to
address different challenges faced by our oceans. This thematic
approach helps to focus efforts and resources on specific issues,
fostering international collaboration and inspiring positive change.
By celebrating World Oceans Day, we acknowledge the
oceans' vital role in our ecosystem and commit ourselves to
taking action that protects and preserves this invaluable
resource for future generations.
【主题词句背诵】
1.propose v. 提议
2.awareness n. 意识
3.ecosystem n. 生态系统
4.biodiversity n. 生物多样性
5.overfishing n. 捕捞过度
6.sustainable adj. 可持续的
7. address v. 处理
8.invaluable adj. 非常宝贵的
9.By celebrating World Oceans Day, we acknowledge the oceans'
vital role in our ecosystem and commit ourselves to taking
action that protects and preserves this invaluable resource for
future generations.
通过庆祝世界海洋日，我们承认海洋在生态系统中的重要作用，并
承诺采取行动为子孙后代保护和保存这一非常宝贵的资源。
课前自主探究
练习册
Task 1 Text Structure Analysing
Trade
Ming
the Arctic
Task 2 Fast Reading
The text mainly tells us _____________________________________
_____________________in the past, at present and in the future.
China's exploration of the sea for trade and cooperation
Task 3 Careful Reading
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer
according to the text.
( ) 1.Why did mankind explore the sea
A.To draw a map of the world.
B.To expand their civilization.
C.To trade and fulfill their curiosity.
D.To accumulate more tales about voyages.
√
( ) 2.Who made great contributions to China's exploration
of the sea in the Ming Dynasty
A.Marco Polo. B.Columbus.
C.Du Huan. D.Zheng He.
( ) 3.Which of the following activities is NOT mentioned
during the expedition to other regions
A.Negotiation of trade deals.
B.Getting to know other cultures.
C.Exchanging goods or gifts.
D.Conquering other land and races.
√
√
( ) 4.What is the reason for China exploring the Arctic in
the scientific aspect
A.To meet an urgent need for resources.
B.To do research on its environmental influences.
C.To communicate with other countries.
D.To explore new trading sea routes.
( ) 5.How is the text developed
A.By time. B.By space.
C.By process. D.By comparison.
√
√
Task 4 Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
Trade and 1._________ (curious) have been inspiring
mankind to make great achievements. In ancient times,
merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to
west along sea routes. Silk from China found 2.____ (it) way
overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along the Silk
Road. In Ceylon, merchants from China and many other places
met 3._____________ (negotiate) trade deals, 4._______ also
curiosity
its
to negotiate
which
promoted cultural communication. During those centuries, further
trading allowed more 5.___________ (explore) of the regions to
the west of China. In the Ming Dynasty, under 6.____ command
of Zheng He, seven large fleets voyaged west for trade and
exploration. Although China withdrew 7.______ further
expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes still played
their roles in culture spreading.
Today the sea routes explored by Zheng He 8.____________
________(revisit) with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.
exploration
the
from
are being revisited
China has invested billions to help 9.________ (great) develop
the future trade and cultural exchange.
With the 10.______(late) technology in hand, the need to
trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to
continue to explore the sea in the future.
greatly
latest
练 习 册
Ⅰ品句识词(写出下面黑体词的汉语意思)
1.The villagers gathered around the fire to listen to the old
man's tale.
____________
故事，叙述
2.She extended the hand of friendship, hoping to resolve the
conflict.
______
伸出
1
2
3
4
5
3.As the sun began to set, we stopped to behold the
breathtaking view of the mountains.
____
看
4.She decided to withdraw her application for the job after
considering other opportunities.
______
撤回
5.The wealthy merchant travelled across many countries to trade
his goods.
______
商人
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅱ单词拼写
1.The agreement strengthened the ________(纽带) between the
two countries.
bond(s)
2.The former ______ (皇家的) palace is open to the public as a
major tourist attraction.
royal
3.It is reported that the exhibition ___________________(延长)
for another month.
has been extended
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.The publishing house had just begun to __________ (协商) for
her next books.
negotiate
5.As is reported in the newspaper, their football team is the
best in the _______ (联赛).
league
6.The company ___________ (撤回) the job offer after realizing
that the candidate had provided false information on his resume.
withdrawn
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅲ短语填空
1.Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to
___________ (寻找) survivors in an earthquake.
search for
2.He's the best artist I've ever seen. He's _____________________
____ (出类拔萃).
in a league of his own
3.I have typed out some lecture notes __________________
(为了帮助……)those people who were absent last week.
for the benefit of
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.The other day I drew $500 from my bank account so I do
have some money _________ (在手头) now.
in hand
5.The sunrise at the seaside was quite __________________
(壮观的景象), which is a popular getaway.
a sight to behold
6.What we are learning at school will ________________________
___ (为……奠定基础) the future.
lay/form the foundation for
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ阅读理解
[2024·山东百师联盟高二期末联考]
The ocean covers approximately 70% of Earth's surface. It's
the largest livable space on our planet, and there's more life
there than anywhere else on Earth. Through exploration, we're
learning more about its biological, chemical, physical, and
geological (地质的) aspects. Exploration leads to discovery, but
before we can truly explore, we must map.
1
2
3
4
Seafloor mapping provides a sense of what may lie beneath
and guides decisions about where to explore. While the entire
seafloor has been mapped using data collected from satellites,
these data provide only a general picture of what's there. Detail
is limited on these maps, so some important geographical
features like seamounts and objects like shipwrecks (失事船只)
remain unseen.
As of 2023,24.9% of the global seafloor had been mapped
with modern high-resolution (高分辨率的) technology, usually
1
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fixed on ships, which can reveal the seafloor in greater detail.
While almost 50% of the seafloor beneath US waters had been
mapped to these modern standards, the nation's seafloor is
larger than the land area of all 50 states. Thus, there's still a
significant amount of seafloor left to be mapped at high
resolution.
More is known about the seafloor than the species that call
the ocean home. Seafloor maps can provide information about
potential habitats, but they can't identify species on the seafloor
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or provide information about how they interact with each other
and their environments. Scientists estimate there may be
between 700,000 and 1 million species in the ocean. Roughly
two-thirds of these species have yet to be discovered or
officially described, with almost 2,000 new species accepted by
the scientific community each year.
We have a great deal more to learn about our ocean and
what lives in it, but progress is being made. We learn more
and more each year. But the ocean will never be fully explored.
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Earth is constantly changing, and it's important to understand
these changes given the importance of the ocean in our
everyday lives.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋探索的重要性、
海底测绘的现状、海洋生物的多样性以及我们对海洋及其生物的了
解程度。文章强调了继续探索和研究海洋的必要性。
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( ) 1.Why is seafloor mapping important for exploring the
ocean
A.It reveals all objects on the seafloor.
B.It shows the seafloor in greater detail.
C.It guides decisions about where to sail.
D.It provides a general picture of the earth.
√
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段“Seafloor mapping provides a
sense of what may lie beneath and guides decisions about
where to explore. While the entire seafloor has been mapped
using data collected from satellites, these data provide only a
general picture of what's there. Detail is limited on these maps,
so some important geographical features like seamounts and
objects like shipwrecks (失事船只) remain unseen.”及第三段中“As
of 2023,24.9% of the global seafloor had been mapped with
modern high-resolution (高分辨率的) technology, usually fixed on
ships, which can reveal the seafloor in greater detail.”可知，海底
测绘可以更详细地展示海底的情况。故选B项。
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( ) 2.Why is the seafloor beneath US waters mentioned in
Paragraph 3
A.To stress the further task of mapping the seafloor.
B.To explain the standards of mapping the seafloor.
C.To illustrate the geographical features of the seafloor.
D.To highlight the significance of mapping the seafloor.
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“While almost 50% of the
seafloor beneath US waters had been mapped to these modern
standards, the nation's seafloor is larger than the land area of
all 50 states. Thus, there's still a significant amount of seafloor
left to be mapped at high resolution.”可知，第三段提到美国水域
下方的海底是为了强调绘制海底地图的进一步任务。故选A项。
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( ) 3.What can we learn from the seafloor maps
A.The quality of the water.
B.The environment of the ocean.
C.The homes of sea species.
D.The endangered sea species.
√
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“More is known about the
seafloor than the species that call the ocean home. Seafloor
maps can provide information about potential habitats, but they
can't identify species on the seafloor or provide information
about how they interact with each other and their environments.”
可知，通过海底地图我们可以了解海洋物种的栖息地。故选C项。
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( ) 4.What is the best title of the text
A.How can the seafloor be mapped
B.What species are living in the ocean
C.Why is it important to exploit the ocean
D.How much of the ocean has been explored
[解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了海洋探索的重要性、
海底测绘的现状、海洋生物的多样性以及我们对海洋及其生物的了
解程度。文章强调了继续探索和研究海洋的必要性。D项
(有多少海洋已经被勘探过了？)适合做文章的最佳标题。故选D项。
√
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Ⅴ阅读七选五
[2024·安徽省A10联盟高二学情调研]
About 70%of our planet is made up of water, and 97% of
that water is salty. All the oceans—from the Atlantic to the
Pacific, from the Arctic to the Indian—are all salty!
What is in ocean water, anyway 1.___ But there are lots of
other elements in the water, too. There are dissolved (溶解的)
salts and minerals in ocean water. There are small quantities of
chemicals—even metals like gold!
A
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Some of these elements enter the ocean through run-off,
which is water that flows over the land and into streams, rivers
and eventually into oceans. 2.___ And the acid eats away at
rocks and soil. As a result, tiny bits of minerals and salts join
with the rainwater as run-off and make their way to the ocean.
Salt also comes from the depths of the ocean. Deep down
on the ocean floor, there are openings that push hot water into
the ocean. The warm water from the openings contains a lot of
dissolved minerals. These include more salt. A similar reaction
D
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happens when underwater volcanoes erupt. The sea water
surrounding the volcano reacts with the hot rocks of the
volcano. 3.___
4.___ You may have heard of the Great Salt Lake or the
Dead Sea. These salty lakes are usually very large, and they
form inland (not connected to the ocean). Believe it or not,
some of these lakes can be ten times saltier than the ocean!
As droughts become more common and severer, many
hope that we could one day get more of our drinking water
F
B
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from the ocean. 5.___ However, it is not an easy process. Salt
dissolves in water so easily that it is hard work to separate
them.
C
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A.It is mostly made up of water, of course.
B.There are some lakes that are very salty.
C.There is a way to remove salt from sea water.
D.As you might already know, rainwater is mildly acidic.
E.But run-off isn't the only reason that ocean water is salty.
F.Minerals and salts from those rocks dissolve in the ocean
water.
G.Oceans may tend to be less salty where there is a lot of
rainfall.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海水的成分、海
水变咸的原因，以及一些高盐湖泊的存在和海水淡化的潜在可能。
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1.___
A
[解析] 根据空前内容“What is in ocean water, anyway ”可知，空
前提问海水里到底有什么。选项A“It is mostly made up of water,
of course.”(当然，它主要是由水组成的。)回答了上文的提问，指出
海水主要是由水组成的。故选A。
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2.___
D
[解析] 根据空后内容“And the acid eats away at rocks and soil.”
可推测，空处需要提到“酸”。选项D“As you might already know,
rainwater is mildly acidic.”(你可能已经知道，雨水是微酸性的。)指
出雨水是微酸的，使得后文关于雨水中的酸侵蚀岩石和土壤的叙述
更加合理。故选D。
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3.___
F
[解析] 根据空前内容“A similar reaction happens when
underwater volcanoes erupt. The sea water surrounding the
volcano reacts with the hot rocks of the volcano.”可知，水下火
山爆发也会产生盐。选项F“Minerals and salts from those rocks
dissolve in the ocean water.”(那些岩石中的矿物质和盐溶解到海水
中。)是上文内容的自然延续，指的是火山周围的海水与火山的热岩
石发生反应，岩石中的矿物质和盐溶解到海水中，从而使得海水中
含有盐。故选F。
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4.___
B
[解析] 根据空后的“You may have heard of the Great Salt Lake
or the Dead Sea.”可知，下文提到的都是高盐湖泊的例子。选项
B“There are some lakes that are very salty.”(有一些湖泊是非常咸
的。)作为段落开头，能引出后文。故选B。
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5.___
C
[解析] 根据空前内容“As droughts become more common and
severer, many hope that we could one day get more of our
drinking water from the ocean.”可知，我们需要一种方法去除海水
中的盐。选项C“There is a way to remove salt from sea
water.”(有一种方法可以去除海水中的盐。)正好回应了这一需求，并
引出了后文关于海水淡化的讨论。故选C。
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Ⅵ语法填空［2024·广东中山高二期末统考］
Oceans cover about 70 percent of the Earth's surface, yet
even today their depths remain largely unexplored. Scientists
estimate between 90 and 95 percent of the deep sea remains
1.___________ (mystery). The deep sea is 2.______ (true) the
planet's final frontier.
The term “deep sea” doesn't have 3.____ same meaning to
everyone. To fishermen, the deep sea is any part of the ocean
beyond the relatively shallow continental shelf.
mysterious
truly
the
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To scientists, the deep sea is the lowest part of the ocean,
located below the thermocline (温跃层) 4._______ heating and
cooling effects from sunlight stop 5._______ (have) an effect,
and above the sea floor. This is the part of the ocean
6.________ (deep) than 1,800 metres.
It's difficult 7.____________ (research) the depths because
they are permanently dark, extremely cold and 8._______ high
pressure. From the time of Pliny until the end of the 19th
century, people believed the deep sea was a lifeless wasteland.
where
having
deeper
to research
under
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Modern scientists recognize the deep sea as the largest habitat
on the planet. Special tools 9._____________________ (develop)
by humans over the past few decades to explore this cold and
dark environment. Deep sea exploration involves multiple
10.__________ (discipline), such as oceanography, biology,
geography, archaeology, and engineering.
have been developed
disciplines
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了深海及其勘探的
历史。
1.___________
mysterious
[解析] 考查形容词。remains为连系动词，空处应用形容词作表语。
故填mysterious。
2.______
truly
[解析] 考查副词。空处作状语，应用副词形式。故填truly。
3.____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。the same…为固定用法。故填the。
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4._______
where
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词是thermocline，
关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
5._______
having
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处指“阳光的加热和冷却效应停止起作
用”，stop doing sth意为“停止做某事”。故填having。
6.________
deeper
[解析] 考查形容词比较级。根据than可知，此处应用形容词比较级。
故填deeper。
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7.____________
to research
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。it是形式主语，空处应用动词不定式作真正
的主语。故填to research。
8._______
under
[解析] 考查介词。under high pressure意为“在高压之下”。故填
under。
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9._____________________
have been developed
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语special tools和动词
develop之间是被动关系，结合时间状语over the past few decades
可知，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义。故填have
been developed。
10.__________
disciplines
[解析] 考查名词复数。discipline在此处意为“知识领域”，是可数名
词，由multiple可知，应用名词复数形式。故填disciplines。
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