Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
语言精讲
①mixture ②mixed ③with/and ④felt a mixture of feelings ⑤With a mixture of astonishment and suspicion
语法归纳
【自我总结】
主语;宾语;宾语补足语;表语;定语;目的状语
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.to purchase 2.to be held 3.to classify 4.To help 5.to absorb 6.to make 7.to cross 8.to teach 9.to cheer 10.to give
●Ⅱ 1.To stay warm at night 2.to have given 3.made it possible to cure 4.to make our country a better place 5.to run more than one program
●Ⅲ 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了因纽特人的生活方式,包括他们的传统职业、饮食习惯、狩猎技术及他们使用的交通工具。
1.and 考查连词。前后两个句子之间是并列关系,所以使用并列连词and连接两个分句。故填and。
2.commonly 考查副词。空处修饰过去分词eaten,应使用副词commonly作状语,意为“通常,常常”。故填commonly。
3.an 考查冠词。average意为“平均数”时,是可数名词,此处表示泛指,其前应用不定冠词修饰,又因average的发音以元音音素开头,所以用an。故填an。
4.impossible 考查形容词。“it+be+adj.+to do”是固定句型,意为“做……是……的”,根据句意可知,空处表示“不可能的”。故填impossible。
5.are collected 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。collect是句子谓语动词,与主语grasses, roots, berries and edible seaweed之间是被动关系,句子描述因纽特人的生活习惯,是习惯性行为,应用一般现在时,又因主语是复数,所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。故填are collected。
6.varieties 考查名词复数。varieties of是固定短语,表示“各种各样的”。故填varieties。
7.to gather 考查非谓语动词。use…to do…为固定搭配,意为“使用……来做……”,故用不定式作目的状语。故填to gather。
8.who/that 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Europeans and Americans,指人,空处代替先行词在定语从句中作主语,所以应用关系代词who或者that引导该定语从句。故填who/that。
9.with 考查介词。此处表示“带有……”,应用介词with。故填with。
10.covered 考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语wood之间是被动关系,应用过去分词covered表被动。故填covered。Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
Ⅰ.1.To sleep 2.to fight 3.To tell; to waste
4.to study 5.to be wondering 6.to learn 7.to leave
8.to be studying 9.to have invited 10.to be solved
Ⅱ.1.only to find
2.to have a low impact on
3.The airport to be completed
4.to be solved
5.made it possible to turn out/produce
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是世界上的大部分海洋仍然是个谜,新技术正在帮助科学家探索这些隐藏的地方。
1.has been explored 考查动词时态、语态以及主谓一致。句子主语是only 5% of it,为单数,和谓语动词explore之间是被动关系,再根据so far可知,句子用现在完成时的被动语态,故填has been explored。
2.it 考查强调句。此处为强调句型:it is/was+被强调部分+that(强调人可用who)+其他。故填it。
3.called 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词are using且无连词,故空处应填非谓语动词,call和其逻辑主语vehicle之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。
4.living 考查非谓语动词。空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语,live和其逻辑主语species之间为主动关系,应用现在分词。故填living。
5.that/which 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是chemicals,从句缺少主语,应用关系代词that/which引导从句。故填that/which。
6.The 考查冠词。根据最高级deepest可知,此处应填定冠词the。故填The。
7.reached 考查动词时态。空处为句子的谓语动词,根据时间状语in 2012判断用一般过去时。故填reached。
8. to complete 考查非谓语动词。当名词被序数词修饰,或本身就是序数词时,通常用不定式作后置定语。故填to complete。
9.photos 考查名词复数。短语take photos意为“拍照”。故填photos。
10.exploration 考查名词。此处deep-sea是形容词,应该修饰名词作句子的主语,且根据下文的helps可知,此处用单数名词。故填exploration。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了人类对海洋知之甚少,海洋的众多奥秘仍需要科学家去探索研究。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段“Despite its size and impact on the lives of every organism on Earth, the ocean remains a mystery. More than 80 percent of the ocean has never been mapped, explored, or even seen by humans. A far greater percentage of the surfaces of the moon and the planet Mars have been mapped and studied than that of our own ocean floor.”可知,作者在第一段提到对月球和火星的探索,是为了突出人类对海洋的研究和认识很少。故选D项。
2.B 段落大意题。根据第二段“Although there is much more to learn, oceanographers (海洋学家) have already made some amazing discoveries…Ocean is relatively shallow because large parts of its seafloor are made up of continental shelves—parts of the continents that extend far out into the ocean. The average depth of the entire ocean is 3,720 metres (12,200 feet).”可知,本段主要介绍了海洋学家对海洋的探索和发现。故选B项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is unknown how many different species call the ocean their home. It could be that more than 90 percent of the ocean’s species are still undiscovered, with some scientists estimating that there are anywhere between a few hundred thousand and a few million more to be discovered. Currently, scientists know of around 226,000 ocean species. Since the ocean is so vast, there is plenty for future oceanographers from all corners of the globe to explore and discover.”可知,由于海洋如此广阔,有很多海洋物种未被发现,未来来自世界各地的海洋学家有很多东西可以探索和发现。由此推知,海洋勘探具有巨大的潜力。故选A项。
4.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Despite its size and impact on the lives of every organism on Earth, the ocean remains a mystery. More than 80 percent of the ocean has never been mapped, explored, or even seen by humans.”以及文章内容可知,本文主要介绍了人类对海洋知之甚少,海洋的众多奥秘仍需要科学家去探索研究。B项“The ocean: a mystery to mankind”(海洋:对人类而言是个谜)适合做文章最佳标题。故选B项。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者说明如何为保护海洋做出贡献。
1.E 根据前文“Every living thing depends on the ocean. So when we hear the ocean is in trouble from the effects of overfishing, climate change, and pollution, it’s easy to feel powerless.”以及后文“But there are plenty of measures you can take that will make a big difference to the ocean.”可知,前文讲述面对海洋问题,我们很容易感到无能为力,后文讲述我们可以采取许多措施。E项“Many of these issues will require leadership from governments and businesses.”(许多问题都需要政府和企业的领导。)承接上文,和下文构成转折关系,符合文意。故选E。
2.A 空处为本段小标题,根据后文“The more you learn about the ocean, the better prepared you’ll be to inspire change and help others do the same. Thankfully, there are many ways to educate yourself about the ocean and the challenges it faces, from books and documentaries to websites, museums, art exhibits, and more.”可知,本段主要讲述了要提高自己对海洋的认识。A项“Increase your ocean IQ.”(提高你的海洋智商。)符合本段主题,为本段小标题。故选A。
3.D 根据前文“Help keep fisheries healthy by choosing sustainable seafood when you go to the grocery store or dine out.”以及后文“Look for the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) labels. Their blue and green fish logos (标志) on your seafood ensure your fish can be traced back to sustainably-managed fisheries and farms.”可知,前文讲述选择可持续的海鲜,后文讲述怎么选择。D项“What’s the easiest way to make sure your seafood is sustainable ”(确保你的海鲜是可持续的最简单的方法是什么 )承接上文,引出下文,符合文意。故选D。
4.F 根据本段小标题和后文“That can lead to warmer waters, which can affect where fish swim, bleach (漂白) coral reefs, speed up the sea-level rise, and change weather events on land. Decrease the effects of climate change on the ocean by cutting your carbon footprint at home: turn off lights when you’re not using them, walk or ride your bike to work, and demand renewable energy options in your community.”可知,本段主要讲述减少碳足迹。F项“In the last decades, the ocean has absorbed 90% of the extra heat created by burning fossil fuels.”(在过去的几十年里,海洋吸收了燃烧化石燃料产生的90%的额外热量。)符合本段主题。故选F。
5.G 根据前文“Consider booking your next trip through a responsible travel company that’s committed to protecting wildlife and using guides who are aware of rules and best practices. Once you arrive at your destination, be respectful of marine life and habitats. And be careful about your purchases.”可知,本段主要讲述旅游时注意保护海洋生态,购买东西时要小心。G项“Purchasing items like shark products damages delicate ecosystems and threatens endangered species.”(购买如鲨鱼制品之类的商品会破坏脆弱的生态系统,威胁到濒危物种。)符合本段主题,是对前文的举例。故选G。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道2023年3月4日,联合国成员国就保护公海海洋生物协定达成一致。
1.boundaries 考查名词复数。boundary是可数名词,由all可知,应用名词复数形式作宾语。故填boundaries。
2.those 考查代词。空后的areas是名词复数,应用those修饰。故填those。
3.who 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词leader指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
4.For 考查介词。for the first time意为“第一次”,是固定短语;位于句首,首字母应大写。故填For。
5.have suffered/have been suffering 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据for years可知,句子使用现在完成时,也可使用现在完成进行时,表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在,且有可能继续下去;主语the high seas表示复数意义,助动词使用have。故填have suffered/have been suffering。
6.harmful 考查形容词。be harmful to意为“对……有害”,是固定短语。故填harmful。
7.to protect 考查非谓语动词。be intended to do sth意为“打算做某事”,是固定短语。故填to protect。
8.as 考查固定短语。as well as意为“以及”,是固定短语。故填as。
9.praising 考查非谓语动词。动词praise和其逻辑主语Malin Pinsky之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填praising。
10.sustainably 考查副词。空处修饰动词use,应用副词sustainably “可持续地” 作状语。故填sustainably。Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
mixture n.(a combination of different things)混合;结合体;混合物
(教材P28) Reaching out across the sea is often a mixture of danger and boredom.
跨越海洋往往既危险又无聊。
(1)a mixture of… ……的混合物
(2)mix v. 混合
mix…with/and… 把……与……混合/融合
mix…up with… 把……与……混淆
(3)mixed adj. 混合的;混杂的
【佳句背诵】
When I look back on my childhood, a mixture of happiness and sorrow floods over me.
当我回首童年时,幸福与悲伤交织在一起,涌上心头。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①His new play is a (mix) of sadness and humour, which gives the audience a completely new feeling.
②With time going by, the (mix) feeling of disappointment and anxiety was growing in his heart.
③Some people are happy to mix business pleasure, but I’m not one of them.
◆完成句子
④[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷读后续写] When the award presentation finished, I . I want to say something with my teacher.
颁奖典礼结束后,我百感交集。我想和我的老师说些什么。
⑤ , he called David, attempting to figure out what on earth had happened.
他惊讶又怀疑地打电话给大卫,试图弄清楚到底发生了什么。(读后续写之心理描写)
【探索发现】
1.To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
2.Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.
3.Here,merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
4.These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
5.To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
6.The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
7.Trading has grown greatly in recent years, and will continue to do so in years to come.
8.China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes, which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
9.Hundreds of years on,and with the latest technology in hand, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
【自我总结】
以上句子均使用了动词不定式。动词不定式在句中可充当各种成分:句1、句5作 ,句7中to do和句8作 ,句2和句9中to reach out作 ,句6作 ,句4、句7中to come和句9中to trade和to enhance作 ,句3作 。
复习动词不定式
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志, 没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能, 又有动词的特点, 可以有自己的宾语和状语, 构成动词不定式短语。
一、动词不定式的时态与语态
主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般时 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
完成时 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
进行时 to be doing 表示谓语动作发生时, 不定式的动作正在进行
完成进 行时 to have been doing 表示其动作发生在谓语动作之前并且一直在进行
如:
I planned to take a journey and visit my grandfather who lived in Tennessee.
我计划去旅行,看望住在田纳西州的祖父。
She told Jane the school music festival was to be held the next month and that her classmates all expected her to sing on behalf of her class.
她告诉简,学校音乐节将在下个月举行,她的同学们都希望她能代表班级唱歌。
I’m very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing.
我很抱歉让你一直无所事事闲坐着。
[温馨提示] 不定式的“被动”与“否定”
(1)不定式的被动式表示其逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者。如:
It’s a great honour to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.
被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会是一件非常荣幸的事情。
(2)不定式的否定式通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之前, 即构成not to do 或never to do 这样的形式。如:
They took a vote and decided not to do it.
他们进行了表决, 决定不做这件事。
How many times has your mother told you never to talk to strangers
你母亲告诉过你多少次绝不能和陌生人谈话
二、动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式可以用来作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语, 表示比较具体的意义。
1.不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语多表示特定的某一次动作。如:
To blame the worker will not make up for the loss.
责备那个工人弥补不了损失。
It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀舞者所需的技能。
[温馨提示] ①不定式短语作主语时, 为了保持句子平衡, 往往用it作形式主语, 而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。
②若要说明不定式的动作的执行者, 可以在不定式前面加上“for/of+n./pron.”结构。当形容词表达事物的特征时用for, 当形容词表达人所具有的特征或品质时用of, 这样的形容词有careful, cruel, foolish, brave, good, honest, kind, rude, polite, nice, stupid, wise, wrong, generous等。如:
It is generous of him to contribute so many clothes to earthquake victims.
他为地震灾民捐了这么多衣服,真是太慷慨了。
It is important for us to live a low-carbon life.
过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2.不定式作表语
不定式作表语主要有三种情况, 一是用于seem, appear, prove, turn out等连系动词(短语)之后的不定式(尤其是to be); 二是像“My job is to sweep the floor.”(我的工作就是擦地板。)这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形; 三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。如:
She seems to have plenty of money and she dresses in nice clothes.
她似乎很有钱,而且穿着漂亮。
Her wish is to be a teacher after graduating from Xi’an University.
她的愿望是从西安大学毕业后成为一名教师。
3.不定式作宾语
(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语, 请牢记下面的口诀:
决心学会想希望, 拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend
主动答应选计划, 同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help
如:
Their ideas were approved and their father agreed to provide the money they needed to purchase the trash bin.
他们的想法得到了认可,他们的父亲同意为他们提供购买垃圾箱所需的资金。
(2)在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后, 常用it作形式宾语, 然后加宾语补足语, 最后加不定式作真正的宾语。如:
We think it our duty to protect the environment.
我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
4.不定式作宾语补足语
(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语, 如ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。如:
Father will not allow us to play in the street, which he thinks is dangerous.
父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍,他认为这很危险。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语, 表示动作的全过程。一感 (feel), 二听(hear, listen to), 三使(let, have, make), 五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at), 半帮助 (help), 动词不定式作help的宾语补足语时, 既可带to, 也可不带to。如:
As I watched, I saw two policemen approach and instantly I felt relieved. (主动语态) 当我看着时,我看到两名警察走近,我立刻松了一口气。
以上动词(短语), 当其所在句子改为被动句时, 动词不定式符号“to”必须保留。如:
The thief was observed to enter the bank. (被动语态) 有人看见小偷进了银行。
5.不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语表示将来的动作。如:
I wanted to come to your birthday party, but I had a project to finish then.
我本想参加你的生日聚会,但那时我有一个项目要完成。
(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。
如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词, 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等, 不定式后需要加相应的介词。如:
I would greatly appreciate it if you could provide me with a pen to write with.
如果你能提供给我一支可以写字的钢笔,我将不胜感激。
[温馨提示] 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等, 不定式后的介词习惯上可以省去。
(3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词, 且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。如:
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校, 最后一个离校。
(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时, 常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。如:
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达想法的能力与想法本身同等重要。
[温馨提示] 不定式作定语时, 若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者, 则用主动形式表被动含义; 若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者, 则用被动形式表被动含义。如:
She shoulders a heavy responsibility; not only does she support a family of five, but also she has a sick sister to look after.
她肩负着沉重的责任;她不仅要养活一家五口,还要照顾一个生病的妹妹。
6.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。表示“为了”, 可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性, 不定式前也可加in order或so as, 但so as to不能置于句首。如:
To/In order to increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programmes.
为了提高社区服务水平, 一些学校已经发起了义务志愿者项目。
(2)作结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果, 有时前面加only, 以加强语气。常用于下列结构中:
only to do 表示意想不到的结果
enough to do足够做
too…to do… 太……而不能……
so/such…as to… 如此……以至于……
如:
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场, 结果发现飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语。表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词作表语时, 后可接不定式作原因状语, 用以说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因, 常用于这类结构的形容词有sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。如:
I’m delighted to hear that you are keen on traditional Chinese culture.
听到你喜欢中国传统文化,我很高兴。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford (purchase) a book.
2.A housewarming party is a special party (hold) when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house.
3.There will still be lots of challenges if we are (classify) garbage in a short time.
4. (help) us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
5.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin (absorb) a day’s worth of vitamin D.
6.It’s everyone’s responsibility (make) good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.
7.If successful, Wen Xu, 32, will be the first person (cross) Antarctica alone from the shore of Berkner Island, according to the event organizer.
8.Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker (teach) her all the skills.
9.Jack was in low spirits those days and his friends did all they could (cheer) him up.
10.Jim dreams of becoming a famous artist. However, an illness in the family forces Jim (give) up everything he worked so hard for.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1. , I would fill the wood stove, and then set my alarm clock for midnight so that I could refill it.
为了在晚上保持温暖,我会添满柴炉,并把闹钟定到午夜,以便我能给炉子重新添柴。
2.I am sorry you so much trouble in the past few days.
我很抱歉过去几天给你添了这么多麻烦。
3.Advances in medical science have many so-called incurable diseases. (it作形式宾语)
医学的进步使许多所谓的不治之症有可能得以治愈。
4.We feel it our duty
.
我们认为使我们的国家变成一个更好的地方是我们的责任。
5.The system has the ability at the same time.
该系统能够同时运行一个以上的程序。
●Ⅲ 语法填空
As we all know, the Inuit (因纽特人) live in the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada and Alaska. They have traditionally been fishers and hunters 1. they still hunt whales, seals, polar bears, birds and fish. And at times they hunt other less 2. (common) eaten animals, like the Arctic fox. The typical Inuit diet is high in protein and fat. In their traditional diets, the Inuit consume 3. average of 75% of their daily energy intake from fat. While it is 4. (possible) to sow plants or food in the Arctic, the Inuit have traditionally gathered those that are naturally available. Grasses, roots, berries and edible seaweed 5. (collect) and kept. In fact, there are 6. (variety) of different hunting technologies that the Inuit use 7. (gather) their food.
The natives hunt sea animals from single-passenger boats. The design is copied by Europeans and Americans 8. still produce them under the Inuit name “kayak”. The Inuit also make wide open boats 9. a flat bottom, which are made of wood 10. (cover) with animal skins, for transporting people, goods, and dogs. In winter, both on land and on sea ice, the Inuit use dog sleds for transportation. Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1. (sleep) more in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm on purpose.
2.As senior students, we have no choice but (fight) for our studies.
3. (tell) the truth, we have no time (waste) now when in Senior 2.
4.Excuse me, could you give me some advice on how (study) English well
5.He fixed his eyes on the gifts which arrived just now and seemed (wonder) who might have sent them.
6.The best way (learn) how to drive a car is to practise with a driving instructor.
7.No one is permitted (leave) the room until the chairman declares the end of the conference.
8.He pretended (study) when his mother stepped into the room.
9.The dinner party was a success, but we thought it was a pity not (invite) Jim.
10.Many technological problems concerning some important military products remain (solve).
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, it didn’t fit.
她焦急地从包裹里拿出连衣裙, 试穿了一下, 结果发现它不合身。
2.Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim the natural environment.
那里的活动包括从观鲸到徒步旅行, 并且住宿以对自然环境影响小为目标。
3. next year will help promote tourism in this area.
明年竣工的机场将有助于推动该地区旅游业的发展。
4.There are still many problems before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
在我们准备好长时间停留在月球上之前, 还有许多问题要解决。
5.New technologies have new products faster and at lower costs.
新科技已经让以更快的速度、更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空
Today, much of the world’s ocean is still a mystery. So far, only 5% of it 1. (explore). In fact, we know more about some areas of Mars than those of the world’s ocean.
However, 2. is new technology that is helping scientists explore these hidden worlds. For example, scientists are using an underwater vehicle 3. (call) DeepSea to explore seamounts—underwater mountains. Scientists have used DeepSea to study Las Gemelas. There are a huge variety of species 4. (live) around Las Gemelas. Some of these species may have chemicals 5. can help people fight illnesses.
6. deepest location of the earth is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. The ocean floor there is about 11,000 metres deep. In 2012, film-maker and explorer James Cameron 7. (reach) the Mariana Trench in a vehicle called DeepSea Challenger. He was the first 8. (complete) the journey alone. Cameron took 9. (photo) and made videos on the ocean floor.
Deep-sea 10. (explore) also helps us in other ways. For example, we are learning how underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis(海啸). As Cameron says, “This is the beginning of opening up a new frontier.”
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
The ocean is a huge body of saltwater that covers about 71 percent of Earth’s surface. An estimated 97 percent of the world’s water is found in the ocean. Because of this, the ocean has a considerable impact on weather, temperature, and the food supply of humans and other organisms. Despite its size and impact on the lives of every organism on Earth, the ocean remains a mystery. More than 80 percent of the ocean has never been mapped, explored, or even seen by humans. A far greater percentage of the surfaces of the moon and the planet Mars have been mapped and studied than that of our own ocean floor.
Although there is much more to learn, oceanographers (海洋学家) have already made some amazing discoveries. For example, we know that the ocean contains towering mountain ranges and deep canyons, known as trenches (海沟), just like those on land. The peak of the world’s tallest mountain—Mount Qomolangma in the Himalayas, measuring about 8.84 kilometres (5.49 miles) high—would not even break the surface of the water if it was placed in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench or Philippine Trench, two of the deepest parts of the ocean. On the other hand, the Atlantic Ocean is relatively shallow because large parts of its seafloor are made up of continental shelves—parts of the continents that extend far out into the ocean. The average depth of the entire ocean is 3,720 metres (12,200 feet).
It is unknown how many different species call the ocean their home. It could be that more than 90 percent of the ocean’s species are still undiscovered, with some scientists estimating that there are anywhere between a few hundred thousand and a few million more to be discovered. Currently, scientists know of around 226,000 ocean species. Since the ocean is so vast, there is plenty for future oceanographers from all corners of the globe to explore and discover.
( )1. Why does the author mention the research on the moon and Mars in Paragraph 1
A.To emphasize the wide impact of the ocean.
B.To show how scientists do space exploration.
C.To prove people’s deep fascination with space.
D.To stress how little humans know about the ocean.
( )2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.Physical features of the seafloor.
B.Scientists’ discoveries about the ocean.
C.Varieties of landforms on the Earth.
D.Similarities between land and the sea.
( )3. What can we know from the last paragraph
A.Ocean exploration has great potential.
B.The number of ocean species is declining.
C.Ocean pollution has become more serious.
D.Oceanographers need to do more to protect the ocean.
( )4. Which is the best title for the text
A.A big discovery in the deep sea
B.The ocean: a mystery to mankind
C.A challenging exploration of the sea
D.The ocean: a vast home to sea animals
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·重庆实验外国语学校高二期末]
Every living thing depends on the ocean. So when we hear the ocean is in trouble from the effects of overfishing, climate change, and pollution, it’s easy to feel powerless. 1. But there are plenty of measures you can take that will make a big difference to the ocean.
2.
The more you learn about the ocean, the better prepared you’ll be to inspire change and help others do the same. Thankfully, there are many ways to educate yourself about the ocean and the challenges it faces, from books and documentaries to websites, museums, art exhibits, and more.
Check the label.
Help keep fisheries healthy by choosing sustainable seafood when you go to the grocery store or dine out. 3. Look for the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) labels. Their blue and green fish logos (标志) on your seafood ensure your fish can be traced back to sustainably-managed fisheries and farms.
Reduce your carbon emissions.
4. That can lead to warmer waters, which can affect where fish swim, bleach (漂白) coral reefs, speed up the sea-level rise, and change weather events on land. Decrease the effects of climate change on the ocean by cutting your carbon footprint at home: turn off lights when you’re not using them, walk or ride your bike to work, and demand renewable energy options in your community.
Travel smarter.
Consider booking your next trip through a responsible travel company that’s committed to protecting wildlife and using guides who are aware of rules and best practices. Once you arrive at your destination, be respectful of marine life and habitats. And be careful about your purchases. 5.
A.Increase your ocean IQ.
B.Skip the single-use plastics.
C.What should be done to travel responsibly
D.What’s the easiest way to make sure your seafood is sustainable
E.Many of these issues will require leadership from governments and businesses.
F.In the last decades, the ocean has absorbed 90% of the extra heat created by burning fossil fuels.
G.Purchasing items like shark products damages delicate ecosystems and threatens endangered species.
●Ⅵ 语法填空 [2024·河北邯郸高二期末]
On March 4,2023, UN member countries agreed on a treaty (协定) that will protect marine life in the high seas. These are ocean waters outside of all national 1. (boundary). The treaty will protect 30% of the oceans in the world—nearly half of the planet’s surface. More money will go towards conservation of 2. (that) areas.
“The treaty is a ‘historic and overwhelming success for international marine protection’,” a German leader says, 3. is Federal Minister for the Environment. “4. the first time, we are getting a binding agreement for the high seas, which until now have hardly been protected.”
For years, the high seas 5. (suffer) because of commercial fishing and mining. Chemicals and plastics pollute the water. All of these are 6. (harm) to dolphins, whales, and the many fish species that migrate through the high seas. The treaty is intended 7. (protect) marine animals, as well 8. coastal biodiversity and the economies that depend on it.
Biologist Malin Pinsky supports the UN agreement, 9. (praise) its potential to protect marine life. “The ocean is not a limitless resource,” he says, “and it requires global cooperation to use the ocean 10. (sustainable).” (共93张PPT)
Period Three
Learning About Language
(Grammar)
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
mixture n.(a combination of different things)混合;结合体;混合物
(教材P28) Reaching out across the sea is often a mixture of
danger and boredom.
跨越海洋往往既危险又无聊。
(1)a mixture of… ……的混合物
(2)mix v. 混合
mix…with/and… 把……与……混合/融合
mix…up with… 把……与……混淆
(3)mixed adj. 混合的;混杂的
【佳句背诵】
When I look back on my childhood, a mixture of happiness
and sorrow floods over me.
当我回首童年时，幸福与悲伤交织在一起，涌上心头。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①His new play is a ________ (mix) of sadness and humour,
which gives the audience a completely new feeling.
②With time going by, the _______ (mix) feeling of
disappointment and anxiety was growing in his heart.
③Some people are happy to mix business _________ pleasure,
but I'm not one of them.
mixture
mixed
with/and
◆完成句子
④[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷读后续写] When the award
presentation finished, I ________________________. I want to say
something with my teacher.
颁奖典礼结束后，我百感交集。我想和我的老师说些什么。
felt a mixture of feelings
⑤____________________________________________, he called
David, attempting to figure out what on earth had happened.
他惊讶又怀疑地打电话给大卫，试图弄清楚到底发生了什么。
(读后续写之心理描写)
With a mixture of astonishment and suspicion
【探索发现】
1.To complete the great map of the world was a strong
passion for the people of early civilisations.
2.Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search for
sea routes from west to east.
3.Here,merchants from China and many other places met to
negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of
each other's cultures.
4.These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of
their own at that time.
5.To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
6.The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and
trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the
bonds between China and the rest of the world.
7.Trading has grown greatly in recent years, and will continue
to do so in years to come.
8.China has invested billions in systems and services along these
routes, which will help to greatly develop the whole area for
the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
9.Hundreds of years on,and with the latest technology in hand,
the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will
drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
【自我总结】
以上句子均使用了动词不定式。动词不定式在句中可充当各种
成分:句1、句5作 ______,句7中to do和句8作 ______,句2和句9中to
reach out作 ____________,句6作 ______,句4、句7中to come和句9
中to trade和to enhance作 ______,句3作 __________。
主语
宾语
宾语补足语
表语
定语
目的状语
复习动词不定式
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志, 没
有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能, 又有动词
的特点, 可以有自己的宾语和状语, 构成动词不定式短语。
一、动词不定式的时态与语态
主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般时 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发
生或发生在谓语动作之后
完成时 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之
前
进行时 to be doing 表示谓语动作发生时, 不定
式的动作正在进行
完成进 行时 to have been doing 表示其动作发生在谓语动作
之前并且一直在进行
如:
I planned to take a journey and visit my grandfather who lived
in Tennessee.
我计划去旅行,看望住在田纳西州的祖父。
She told Jane the school music festival was to be held the next
month and that her classmates all expected her to sing on
behalf of her class.
她告诉简,学校音乐节将在下个月举行,她的同学们都希望她能代表班
级唱歌。
I'm very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing.
我很抱歉让你一直无所事事闲坐着。
［温馨提示］不定式的“被动”与“否定”
(1)不定式的被动式表示其逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者。如:
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.
被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会是一件非常荣幸的事情。
(2)不定式的否定式通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之前, 即构
成not to do 或never to do 这样的形式。如:
They took a vote and decided not to do it.
他们进行了表决, 决定不做这件事。
How many times has your mother told you never to talk to
strangers
你母亲告诉过你多少次绝不能和陌生人谈话
二、动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式可以用来作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状
语, 表示比较具体的意义。
1.不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语多表示特定的某一次动作。如:
To blame the worker will not make up for the loss.
责备那个工人弥补不了损失。
It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to
become a good dancer.
他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀舞者所需的技能。
［温馨提示］①不定式短语作主语时, 为了保持句子平衡, 往往用it
作形式主语, 而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。
②若要说明不定式的动作的执行者, 可以在不定式前面加上
“for/of+n./pron.”结构。当形容词表达事物的特征时用for, 当形容词
表达人所具有的特征或品质时用of, 这样的形容词有careful, cruel,
foolish, brave, good, honest, kind, rude, polite, nice, stupid, wise,
wrong, generous等。如:
It is generous of himto contribute so many clothes to
earthquake victims.
他为地震灾民捐了这么多衣服,真是太慷慨了。
It is important for us to live a low-carbon life.
过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2.不定式作表语
不定式作表语主要有三种情况, 一是用于seem, appear, prove, turn
out等连系动词(短语)之后的不定式(尤其是to be); 二是像“My job is
to sweep the floor.”(我的工作就是擦地板。)这样的主语与表语“等
价”的情形; 三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。
如:
She seems to have plenty of money and she dresses in nice
clothes.
她似乎很有钱,而且穿着漂亮。
Her wish is to be a teacher after graduating from Xi'an
University.
她的愿望是从西安大学毕业后成为一名教师。
3.不定式作宾语
(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语, 请牢记下面的口诀:
决心学会想希望, 拒 绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want,
expect/hope/wish， refuse, manage, care,
pretend
主动答应选计划, 同 意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan， agree, ask/beg,
help
如:
Their ideas were approved and their father agreed to provide
the money they needed to purchase the trash bin.
他们的想法得到了认可,他们的父亲同意为他们提供购买垃圾箱所需
的资金。
(2)在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后, 常用it
作形式宾语, 然后加宾语补足语, 最后加不定式作真正的宾语。如:
We think it our duty to protect the environment.
我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
4.不定式作宾语补足语
(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语, 如ask, want, invite,
get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer,
cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。如:
Father will not allow us to play in the street, which he thinks is
dangerous.
父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍,他认为这很危险。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语, 表示动作的
全过程。一感 (feel), 二听(hear, listen to), 三使(let, have, make),
五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at), 半帮助 (help), 动词不
定式作help的宾语补足语时, 既可带to, 也可不带to。如:
As I watched, I saw two policemen approach and instantly I felt
relieved. (主动语态) 当我看着时,我看到两名警察走近,我立刻松了一
口气。
以上动词(短语), 当其所在句子改为被动句时, 动词不定式符号“to”必
须保留。如:
The thief was observed to enter the bank. (被动语态) 有人看见
小偷进了银行。
5.不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语表示将来的动作。如:
I wanted to come to your birthday party, but I had a project to
finish then.
我本想参加你的生日聚会,但那时我有一个项目要完成。
(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。
如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词, 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词
是不定式动作的地点、工具等, 不定式后需要加相应的介词。如:
I would greatly appreciate it if you could provide me with a
pen to write with.
如果你能提供给我一支可以写字的钢笔,我将不胜感激。
［温馨提示］如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等, 不定
式后的介词习惯上可以省去。
(3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词,
且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。如:
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to
leave the school.
他总是第一个到校, 最后一个离校。
(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时, 常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有
ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt,
way等。如:
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达想法的能力与想法本身同等重要。
［温馨提示］不定式作定语时, 若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者,
则用主动形式表被动含义; 若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者, 则
用被动形式表被动含义。如:
She shoulders a heavy responsibility; not only does she support
a family of five, but also she has a sick sister to look after.
她肩负着沉重的责任;她不仅要养活一家五口,还要照顾一个生病的妹妹。
6.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。表示“为了”, 可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果
强调目的性, 不定式前也可加in order或so as, 但so as to不能置于
句首。如:
To/In order to increase levels of community service, some
schools have launched compulsory volunteer programmes.
为了提高社区服务水平, 一些学校已经发起了义务志愿者项目。
(2)作结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果, 有时前
面加only, 以加强语气。常用于下列结构中:
only to do 表示意想不到的结果
enough to do足够做
too…to do… 太……而不能……
so/such…as to… 如此……以至于……
如:
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up
in the sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场, 结果发现飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语。表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词作表语时, 后可接
不定式作原因状语, 用以说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因, 常用
于这类结构的形容词有sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,
happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。如:
I'm delighted to hear that you are keen on traditional Chinese
culture.
听到你喜欢中国传统文化,我很高兴。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ单句填空
1.I encourage readers to go to their local library when they
can't afford ____________ (purchase) a book.
2.A housewarming party is a special party ___________ (hold)
when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house.
3.There will still be lots of challenges if we are __________
(classify) garbage in a short time.
to purchase
to be held
to classify
4._________(help) us prepare for the exam, the teacher
suggested reading through our notes.
To help
5.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and
that's plenty of time for your skin __________ (absorb) a day's
worth of vitamin D.
to absorb
6.It's everyone's responsibility _________ (make) good use of
water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.
to make
7.If successful, Wen Xu, 32, will be the first person _________
(cross) Antarctica alone from the shore of Berkner Island,
according to the event organizer.
to cross
8.Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather
paid the local baker _________ (teach) her all the skills.
9.Jack was in low spirits those days and his friends did all they
could _________ (cheer) him up.
to teach
to cheer
10.Jim dreams of becoming a famous artist. However, an illness
in the family forces Jim ________ (give) up everything he
worked so hard for.
to give
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.______________________, I would fill the wood stove, and then
set my alarm clock for midnight so that I could refill it.
为了在晚上保持温暖,我会添满柴炉,并把闹钟定到午夜,以便我能给炉
子重新添柴。
To stay warm at night
2.I am sorry ______________ you so much trouble in the past
few days.
我很抱歉过去几天给你添了这么多麻烦。
to have given
3.Advances in medical science have
________________________many so-called incurable diseases.
(it作形式宾语)
医学的进步使许多所谓的不治之症有可能得以治愈。
made it possible to cure
4.We feel it our duty __________________________________.
我们认为使我们的国家变成一个更好的地方是我们的责任。
to make our country a better place
5.The system has the ability ______________________________at
the same time.
该系统能够同时运行一个以上的程序。
to run more than one program
Ⅲ语法填空
As we all know, the Inuit (因纽特人) live in the Arctic
regions of Greenland, Canada and Alaska. They have traditionally
been fishers and hunters 1._____ they still hunt whales, seals,
polar bears, birds and fish. And at times they hunt other less
2.___________ (common) eaten animals, like the Arctic fox. The
typical Inuit diet is high in protein and fat. In their traditional
diets, the Inuit consume 3.____ average of 75% of their daily
energy intake from fat. While it is 4.___________ (possible) to
sow plants or food in the Arctic, the Inuit have traditionally
and
commonly
an
impossible
gathered those that are naturally available. Grasses, roots, berries
and edible seaweed 5._____________ (collect) and kept. In fact,
there are 6._________ (variety) of different hunting technologies
that the Inuit use 7.__________ (gather) their food.
The natives hunt sea animals from single-passenger boats.
The design is copied by Europeans and Americans 8._________
still produce them under the Inuit name “kayak”. The Inuit also
make wide open boats 9._____ a flat bottom, which are made
of wood 10._________ (cover) with animal skins, for transporting
people, goods, and dogs. In winter, both on land and on sea
ice, the Inuit use dog sleds for transportation.
are collected
varieties
to gather
who/that
with
covered
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了因纽特人的生活
方式，包括他们的传统职业、饮食习惯、狩猎技术及他们使用的交
通工具。
1._____
and
[解析] 考查连词。前后两个句子之间是并列关系，所以使用并列连
词and连接两个分句。故填and。
2.___________
commonly
[解析] 考查副词。空处修饰过去分词eaten，应使用副词commonly
作状语，意为“通常，常常”。故填commonly。
3.____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。average意为“平均数”时，是可数名词，此处表示
泛指，其前应用不定冠词修饰，又因average的发音以元音音素开头，
所以用an。故填an。
4.___________
impossible
[解析] 考查形容词。“it+be+adj.+to do”是固定句型，意为“做……
是……的”，根据句意可知，空处表示“不可能的”。故填impossible。
5._____________
are collected
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。collect是句子谓语动词，
与主语grasses, roots, berries and edible seaweed之间是被动关系，
句子描述因纽特人的生活习惯，是习惯性行为，应用一般现在时，
又因主语是复数，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。故填are
collected。
6._________
varieties
[解析] 考查名词复数。varieties of是固定短语，表示“各种各样的”。
故填varieties。
7.__________
to gather
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。use…to do…为固定搭配，意为“使用……
来做……”，故用不定式作目的状语。故填to gather。
8._________
who/that
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词
Europeans and Americans，指人，空处代替先行词在定语从句中作
主语，所以应用关系代词who或者that引导该定语从句。故填
who/that。
9._____
with
[解析] 考查介词。此处表示“带有……”，应用介词with。故填with。
10._________
covered
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语wood之
间是被动关系，应用过去分词covered表被动。故填covered。
练 习 册
Ⅰ单句填空
1._________(sleep) more in the morning, Bob turned off the
alarm on purpose.
To sleep
2.As senior students, we have no choice but ________ (fight) for
our studies.
to fight
3._______ (tell) the truth, we have no time _________ (waste)
now when in Senior 2.
To tell
to waste
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.Excuse me, could you give me some advice on how
_________ (study) English well
to study
5.He fixed his eyes on the gifts which arrived just now and
seemed _________________ (wonder) who might have sent them.
to be wondering
6.The best way _________ (learn) how to drive a car is to
practise with a driving instructor.
to learn
7.No one is permitted _________ (leave) the room until the
chairman declares the end of the conference.
to leave
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.He pretended _______________ (study) when his mother
stepped into the room.
to be studying
9.The dinner party was a success, but we thought it was a pity
not _______________ (invite) Jim.
to have invited
10.Many technological problems concerning some important
military products remain _____________ (solve).
to be solved
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ句型训练
1.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it
on, ____________ it didn't fit.
她焦急地从包裹里拿出连衣裙, 试穿了一下, 结果发现它不合身。
only to find
2.Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and
accommodations aim _________________________ the natural
environment.
那里的活动包括从观鲸到徒步旅行, 并且住宿以对自然环境影响小为
目标。
to have a low impact on
1
2
3
4
5
3.____________________________ next year will help promote
tourism in this area.
明年竣工的机场将有助于推动该地区旅游业的发展。
The airport to be completed
4.There are still many problems _____________ before we are
ready for a long stay on the moon.
在我们准备好长时间停留在月球上之前, 还有许多问题要解决。
to be solved
5.New technologies have
____________________________________new products faster and
at lower costs.
新科技已经让以更快的速度、更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。
made it possible to turn out/produce
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ语篇填空
Today, much of the world's ocean is still a mystery. So far,
only 5% of it 1.__________________ (explore). In fact, we know
more about some areas of Mars than those of the world's
ocean.
However, 2.___ is new technology that is helping scientists
explore these hidden worlds. For example, scientists are using an
underwater vehicle 3._______ (call) DeepSea to explore
seamounts—underwater mountains.
has been explored
it
called
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Scientists have used DeepSea to study Las Gemelas. There are a
huge variety of species 4.______ (live) around Las Gemelas.
Some of these species may have chemicals 5.___________ can
help people fight illnesses.
6._____ deepest location of the earth is the Mariana Trench in
the Pacific Ocean. The ocean floor there is about 11,000 metres
deep. In 2012, film-maker and explorer James Cameron
7._________ (reach) the Mariana Trench in a vehicle called
DeepSea Challenger. He was the first 8._____________ (complete)
living
that/which
The
reached
to complete
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
the journey alone. Cameron took 9.________ (photo) and made
videos on the ocean floor.
Deep-sea 10.___________ (explore) also helps us in other
ways. For example, we are learning how underwater earthquakes
cause tsunamis(海啸). As Cameron says, “This is the beginning of
opening up a new frontier.”
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是世界上的大部分海洋仍
然是个谜,新技术正在帮助科学家探索这些隐藏的地方。
photos
exploration
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.__________________
has been explored
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态以及主谓一致。句子主语是only 5% of
it,为单数,和谓语动词explore之间是被动关系,再根据so far可知,句子
用现在完成时的被动语态,故填has been explored。
2.___
it
[解析] 考查强调句。此处为强调句型:it is/was+被强调部分+that
(强调人可用who)+其他。故填it。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3._______
called
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词are using且无连词,故空
处应填非谓语动词,call和其逻辑主语vehicle之间为被动关系,应用过
去分词作后置定语。故填called。
4.______
living
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语,live和其
逻辑主语species之间为主动关系,应用现在分词。故填living。
5.___________
that/which
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是chemicals,
从句缺少主语,应用关系代词that/which引导从句。故填that/which。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6._____
The
[解析] 考查冠词。根据最高级deepest可知,此处应填定冠词the。故
填The。
7._________
reached
[解析] 考查动词时态。空处为句子的谓语动词,根据时间状语in
2012判断用一般过去时。故填reached。
8._____________
to complete
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。当名词被序数词修饰,或本身就是序数词时,
通常用不定式作后置定语。故填to complete。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.________
photos
[解析] 考查名词复数。短语take photos意为“拍照”。故填photos。
10.___________
exploration
[解析] 考查名词。此处deep-sea是形容词,应该修饰名词作句子的主
语,且根据下文的helps可知,此处用单数名词。故填exploration。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅳ阅读理解
The ocean is a huge body of saltwater that covers about
71 percent of Earth's surface. An estimated 97 percent of the
world's water is found in the ocean. Because of this, the ocean
has a considerable impact on weather, temperature, and the
food supply of humans and other organisms. Despite its size
and impact on the lives of every organism on Earth, the ocean
remains a mystery. More than 80 percent of the ocean has
1
2
3
4
never been mapped, explored, or even seen by humans. A far
greater percentage of the surfaces of the moon and the planet
Mars have been mapped and studied than that of our own
ocean floor.
Although there is much more to learn, oceanographers
(海洋学家) have already made some amazing discoveries. For
example, we know that the ocean contains towering mountain
ranges and deep canyons, known as trenches (海沟), just like
those on land. The peak of the world's tallest mountain—Mount
1
2
3
4
Qomolangma in the Himalayas, measuring about 8.84 kilometres
(5.49 miles) high—would not even break the surface of the
water if it was placed in the Pacific Ocean's Mariana Trench or
Philippine Trench, two of the deepest parts of the ocean. On
the other hand, the Atlantic Ocean is relatively shallow because
large parts of its seafloor are made up of continental shelves—
parts of the continents that extend far out into the ocean. The
average depth of the entire ocean is 3,720 metres (12,200 feet).
1
2
3
4
It is unknown how many different species call the ocean
their home. It could be that more than 90 percent of the
ocean's species are still undiscovered, with some scientists
estimating that there are anywhere between a few hundred
thousand and a few million more to be discovered. Currently,
scientists know of around 226,000 ocean species. Since the
ocean is so vast, there is plenty for future oceanographers from
all corners of the globe to explore and discover.
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人类对海洋知之甚少，
海洋的众多奥秘仍需要科学家去探索研究。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.Why does the author mention the research on the
moon and Mars in Paragraph 1
A.To emphasize the wide impact of the ocean.
B.To show how scientists do space exploration.
C.To prove people's deep fascination with space.
D.To stress how little humans know about the ocean.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段“Despite its size and impact on
the lives of every organism on Earth, the ocean remains a
mystery. More than 80 percent of the ocean has never been
mapped, explored, or even seen by humans. A far greater
percentage of the surfaces of the moon and the planet Mars
have been mapped and studied than that of our own ocean
floor.”可知，作者在第一段提到对月球和火星的探索，是为了突出人
类对海洋的研究和认识很少。故选D项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.Physical features of the seafloor.
B.Scientists' discoveries about the ocean.
C.Varieties of landforms on the Earth.
D.Similarities between land and the sea.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 段落大意题。根据第二段“Although there is much more to
learn, oceanographers (海洋学家) have already made some
amazing discoveries…Ocean is relatively shallow because large
parts of its seafloor are made up of continental shelves—parts
of the continents that extend far out into the ocean. The
average depth of the entire ocean is 3,720 metres (12,200 feet).”
可知，本段主要介绍了海洋学家对海洋的探索和发现。故选B项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What can we know from the last paragraph
A.Ocean exploration has great potential.
B.The number of ocean species is declining.
C.Ocean pollution has become more serious.
D.Oceanographers need to do more to protect the ocean.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is unknown how many
different species call the ocean their home. It could be that
more than 90 percent of the ocean's species are still
undiscovered, with some scientists estimating that there are
anywhere between a few hundred thousand and a few million
more to be discovered. Currently, scientists know of around
226,000 ocean species. Since the ocean is so vast, there is
plenty for future oceanographers from all corners of the globe
to explore and discover.”可知，由于海洋如此广阔，有很多海洋物
种未被发现，未来来自世界各地的海洋学家有很多东西可以探索和
发现。由此推知，海洋勘探具有巨大的潜力。故选A项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.Which is the best title for the text
A.A big discovery in the deep sea
B.The ocean: a mystery to mankind
C.A challenging exploration of the sea
D.The ocean: a vast home to sea animals
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Despite its size and impact on
the lives of every organism on Earth, the ocean remains a
mystery. More than 80 percent of the ocean has never been
mapped, explored, or even seen by humans.”以及文章内容可知，
本文主要介绍了人类对海洋知之甚少，海洋的众多奥秘仍需要科学
家去探索研究。B项“The ocean: a mystery to mankind”
(海洋：对人类而言是个谜)适合做文章最佳标题。故选B项。
1
2
3
4
Ⅴ阅读七选五
[2024·重庆实验外国语学校高二期末]
Every living thing depends on the ocean. So when we hear
the ocean is in trouble from the effects of overfishing, climate
change, and pollution, it's easy to feel powerless. 1.___ But
there are plenty of measures you can take that will make a big
difference to the ocean.
E
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
The more you learn about the ocean, the better prepared
you'll be to inspire change and help others do the same.
Thankfully, there are many ways to educate yourself about the
ocean and the challenges it faces, from books and
documentaries to websites, museums, art exhibits, and more.
A
1
2
3
4
5
Check the label.
Help keep fisheries healthy by choosing sustainable seafood
when you go to the grocery store or dine out. 3.___ Look for
the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and Aquaculture
Stewardship Council (ASC) labels. Their blue and green fish
logos (标志) on your seafood ensure your fish can be traced
back to sustainably-managed fisheries and farms.
D
1
2
3
4
5
Reduce your carbon emissions.
4.___ That can lead to warmer waters, which can affect
where fish swim, bleach (漂白) coral reefs, speed up the sea-
level rise, and change weather events on land. Decrease the
effects of climate change on the ocean by cutting your carbon
footprint at home: turn off lights when you're not using them,
walk or ride your bike to work, and demand renewable energy
options in your community.
F
1
2
3
4
5
Travel smarter.
Consider booking your next trip through a responsible travel
company that's committed to protecting wildlife and using
guides who are aware of rules and best practices. Once you
arrive at your destination, be respectful of marine life and
habitats. And be careful about your purchases. 5.___
G
1
2
3
4
5
A.Increase your ocean IQ.
B.Skip the single-use plastics.
C.What should be done to travel responsibly
D.What's the easiest way to make sure your seafood is
sustainable
E.Many of these issues will require leadership from governments
and businesses.
1
2
3
4
5
F.In the last decades, the ocean has absorbed 90% of the extra
heat created by burning fossil fuels.
G.Purchasing items like shark products damages delicate
ecosystems and threatens endangered species.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者说明如何为保护海洋
做出贡献。
1
2
3
4
5
1.___
E
[解析] 根据前文“Every living thing depends on the ocean. So
when we hear the ocean is in trouble from the effects of
overfishing, climate change, and pollution, it's easy to feel
powerless.”以及后文“But there are plenty of measures you can
take that will make a big difference to the ocean.”可知，前文讲
述面对海洋问题，我们很容易感到无能为力，后文讲述我们可以采
取许多措施。E项“Many of these issues will require leadership
from governments and businesses.”(许多问题都需要政府和企业的
领导。)承接上文，和下文构成转折关系，符合文意。故选E。
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
A
[解析] 空处为本段小标题，根据后文“The more you learn about
the ocean, the better prepared you'll be to inspire change and
help others do the same. Thankfully, there are many ways to
educate yourself about the ocean and the challenges it faces,
from books and documentaries to websites, museums, art
exhibits, and more.”可知，本段主要讲述了要提高自己对海洋的认
识。A项“Increase your ocean IQ.”(提高你的海洋智商。)符合本段主
题，为本段小标题。故选A。
1
2
3
4
5
3.___
D
[解析] 根据前文“Help keep fisheries healthy by choosing
sustainable seafood when you go to the grocery store or dine
out.”以及后文“Look for the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
and Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) labels. Their blue
and green fish logos (标志) on your seafood ensure your fish
can be traced back to sustainably-managed fisheries and farms.”
可知，前文讲述选择可持续的海鲜，后文讲述怎么选择。D项
“What's the easiest way to make sure your seafood is
sustainable ”(确保你的海鲜是可持续的最简单的方法是什么？)承接
上文，引出下文，符合文意。故选D。
1
2
3
4
5
4.___
F
[解析] 根据本段小标题和后文“That can lead to warmer waters,
which can affect where fish swim, bleach (漂白) coral reefs,
speed up the sea-level rise, and change weather events on land.
Decrease the effects of climate change on the ocean by cutting
your carbon footprint at home: turn off lights when you're not
using them, walk or ride your bike to work, and demand
renewable energy options in your community.”可知，本段主要讲
述减少碳足迹。F项“In the last decades, the ocean has absorbed
1
2
3
4
5
90% of the extra heat created by burning fossil fuels.”
(在过去的几十年里，海洋吸收了燃烧化石燃料产生的90%的额外热
量。)符合本段主题。故选F。
1
2
3
4
5
5.___
G
[解析] 根据前文“Consider booking your next trip through a
responsible travel company that's committed to protecting
wildlife and using guides who are aware of rules and best
practices. Once you arrive at your destination, be respectful of
marine life and habitats. And be careful about your purchases.”
可知，本段主要讲述旅游时注意保护海洋生态，购买东西时要小心。
G项“Purchasing items like shark products damages delicate
ecosystems and threatens endangered species.”(购买如鲨鱼制品之
类的商品会破坏脆弱的生态系统，威胁到濒危物种。)符合本段主题，
是对前文的举例。故选G。
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Ⅵ语法填空［2024·河北邯郸高二期末］
On March 4,2023, UN member countries agreed on a treaty
(协定) that will protect marine life in the high seas. These are
ocean waters outside of all national 1.___________ (boundary).
The treaty will protect 30% of the oceans in the world—nearly
half of the planet's surface. More money will go towards
conservation of 2.______ (that) areas.
“The treaty is a ‘historic and overwhelming success for
international marine protection’,” a German leader says, 3._____
boundaries
those
who
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is Federal Minister for the Environment. “4._____ the first time,
we are getting a binding agreement for the high seas, which
until now have hardly been protected.”
For years, the high seas 5._______________________________
________ (suffer) because of commercial fishing and mining.
Chemicals and plastics pollute the water. All of these are
6.________ (harm) to dolphins, whales, and the many fish
species that migrate through the high seas. The treaty is
intended 7.___________ (protect) marine animals, as well 8.____
coastal biodiversity and the economies that depend on it.
For
have suffered/have been suffering
harmful
to protect
as
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Biologist Malin Pinsky supports the UN agreement,
9._________ (praise) its potential to protect marine life. “The
ocean is not a limitless resource,” he says, “and it requires
global cooperation to use the ocean 10.___________
(sustainable).”
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道2023年3月4日，
联合国成员国就保护公海海洋生物协定达成一致。
praising
sustainably
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1.___________
boundaries
[解析] 考查名词复数。boundary是可数名词，由all可知，应用名词
复数形式作宾语。故填boundaries。
2.______
those
[解析] 考查代词。空后的areas是名词复数，应用those修饰。故填
those。
3._____
who
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词leader
指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
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4._____
For
[解析] 考查介词。for the first time意为“第一次”，是固定短语；位
于句首，首字母应大写。故填For。
5.________________________________
have suffered/have been suffering
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据for years可知，句子使用现
在完成时，也可使用现在完成进行时，表示过去发生的动作一直持
续到现在，且有可能继续下去；主语the high seas表示复数意义，
助动词使用have。故填have suffered/have been suffering。
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6.________
harmful
[解析] 考查形容词。be harmful to意为“对……有害”，是固定短语。
故填harmful。
7.___________
to protect
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。be intended to do sth意为“打算做某事”，
是固定短语。故填to protect。
8.____
as
[解析] 考查固定短语。as well as意为“以及”，是固定短语。故填as。
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9._________
praising
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。动词praise和其逻辑主语Malin Pinsky之间
是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填praising。
10.___________
sustainably
[解析] 考查副词。空处修饰动词use，应用副词sustainably “可持续
地” 作状语。故填sustainably。
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