Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
语言精讲
1.①to ②giving ③justified ④to bring the murderer to justice ⑤to justify himself
2.①accused ②of ③with ④Accused of/Charged with
3.①conclusion ②concluding ③In ④In conclusion
⑤come to the conclusion
4.①greedy ②greedier ③greedily ④so greedy that ⑤is so greedy for knowledge
5.①dedication ②dedicated ③helping ④(that/which is) dedicated to ⑤has dedicated herself to/has been dedicated to;Dedicating herself to;Dedicated to
语法归纳
【自我总结】
1.并列 2.复合 3.并列复合句
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.The novel which was written by J. K. Rowling has been translated into multiple languages.
2.This is a large car factory which has been producing cars.
3.Although I tried a lot, I still failed in the exam.
4.She is so short that she can’t reach the buttons of the lift.
●Ⅱ 1.have been told that 2.when and where we will hold the party 3.who will host it 4.what she said 5.that he will be out on business
●Ⅲ 【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。中国计划在未来几年内将其“天宫”空间站从三个舱扩展到六个舱,为其他国家的宇航员提供一个执行任务的平台。
1.an 考查冠词。play a(n)…role发挥……作用。important为元音音素开头,用an。故填an。
2.providing 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语,provide与space station是主动关系,用现在分词形式。故填providing。
3.is expected 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。be expected to do sth“被期待做某事”,expect与主语the ISS是被动关系,用被动语态,描述事实用一般现在时,主语是单数。故填is expected。
4.previously 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词announced。故填previously。
5.known 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作定语,know与space station是被动关系,用过去分词形式。 故填known。
6.in 考查介词。in operation“在运行中”是固定短语。故填in。
7.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the ISS,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
8.and 考查连词。此处为多个名词短语并列作介词of的宾语,最后一个名词短语前应用and连接。故填and。
9.retirement 考查名词。此处作宾语,用名词。故填retirement。
10.to send 考查非谓语动词。be requested to do sth“被请求做某事”,空处用不定式形式作主语补足语。故填to send。Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
Ⅰ.1.You may find it astonishing
2.It seemed as if all the bamboos on the hillside behind our house
3.than ever before
4.Never will Zhou Yang forget
5.It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that
Ⅱ.1.when they took place; what they celebrated; what people did
2.it was hard work and determination;that
3.contain different opinions and analyse what I read
4.Whether you get along well with your professors or not
5.that members of one culture do not express their emotions
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了职场中的横向调动,并说明了这一做法的影响和好处。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段“A study carried out by Donald Sull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his co-authors in 2021 found that…Another paper…concluded that…employees who experienced them were more likely to be promoted and to enjoy higher wage growth later in their careers than employees who did not. You can move up by first moving sideways.”可推知,作者是通过提供研究结果来展开第二段的。故选B项。
2.C 句意理解题。根据画线句后文“Transferring between teams usually means building a bigger internal network.”可知,画线句意思是“团队之间的调动意味着建立一个更大的人际网”。故选C项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Lots of managers like to keep talent to themselves, at the expense of workers and firms…not so easy to accept.”可知,许多经理认为横向职业调动可能会导致团队内部的人才流失。故选C项。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第三段“One is that it is a good way to learn new things. As hiring processes increasingly emphasize skills, employers are likely to put comparatively less emphasis on CVs and comparatively more weight on what you know. Messrs Jin and Waldman reason that the upper ranks of companies tend to be people whose capabilities are broad, not deep; that may explain why lateral moves are good for promotion prospects. Along with skills come contacts.”可知,渴望获得更多技能的员工可能会接受横向调动。故选B项。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“思考并确定自己未来想要从事的职业”这一主题展开,介绍了思考职业选择的重要性、进行职业测试的方法以及职业测试的种类和作用等。
1.A 根据空前内容“The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school.”可知,上文提到思考未来的职业的时间最好是在上学的时候。选项A“This, however, is not always easy.”(然而,这并不总是那么容易。)承上启下,说明并不是所有人都能轻易地确定自己的职业方向,从而引出下文“Some people know what they want to do from a young age, but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.”。故选A。
2.F 上文“The results of the test will tell you about your strengths and interests, and some tests also suggest careers that you may be suited to.”强调了职业测试能提供的有用信息。选项F “Having this information will increase your chances of finding a job you like.”(拥有这些信息会增加你找到自己喜欢的工作的机会。)作为上文的结论句,强调了这些信息的重要性。故选F。
3.C 根据本段开头“There are different kinds of career tests.”可知,有很多不同类型的职业测试。选项C“Some ask questions about your personal interests and attitudes.”(有些测试会问一些关于你的个人兴趣爱好和态度的问题。)承接上文内容,指出一些类型的测试,与下文介绍其他类型的测试并列。故选C。
4.G 根据空后内容“Their answers are analysed and divided up between six different types of work personalities…for each type.”可推测,空处指的是某个测试内容。选项G“One popular test asks the participants to grade their preferences for different work tasks.”(一个流行的测试要求参与者给他们对不同工作任务的喜好进行评分。)正是一个测试的内容,能引出下文。故选G。
5.E 根据空前内容“In conclusion, career tests are clearly a very useful tool.”可知,上文总结了职业测试是一种有用的工具。选项E“However, it is important to remember that they are only meant for guidance.”(然而,重要的是要记住它们只是用来指导的。)与上文内容形成转折,提醒读者职业测试的结果并不是决定性的,而是作为参考和指导,从而自然引出下文“The secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate about.”。故选E。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了肖像摄影师王欣热衷于摄影,并坚持自我提升的故事。
1.flexibly 考查副词。空处修饰动词changes,应用副词flexibly,作状语。故填flexibly。
2.an 考查冠词。结合句意可知,此处表示作为一名有经验的肖像摄影师,空处应用不定冠词,experienced是发音以元音音素开头的形容词,应用an。故填an。
3.chatting 考查非谓语动词。空处在介词by后作宾语,应用动名词chatting。故填chatting。
4.to figure 考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth为固定搭配,表示“允许某人做某事”。故填to figure。
5.was seen 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in 1986以及句中took up和were held可知,句子使用一般过去时,see与主语it(指代photography)之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语是it,be动词使用was。故填was seen。
6.experiences 考查名词复数。experience在此处意为“经历”,是可数名词,由numerous修饰,数量大于一,应用复数形式。故填experiences。
7.who/that 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the famous Chinese sailor,先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,可使用关系代词who/that引导从句。故填who/that。
8.in 考查介词。in memory of意为“为了纪念”,是固定搭配。故填in。
9.growth 考查名词。此处作动词witnesses的宾语,应用名词growth,意为“成长”。故填growth。
10.and 考查连词。此处sticks to与空前remains并列,连接两个并列的谓语,应用并列连词and。故填and。Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
1.justice n.(the fair treatment of people)公正;公平;合理
(教材P52) I want to become a lawyer because I think fairness and justice is of great importance to society, and I hope I can make some contribution in that respect.
我想成为一名律师,因为我认为公平和正义对社会非常重要,并且我希望我能在那个方面做出贡献。
(1)bring sb to justice 将某人绳之以法/缉拿归案
do justice to sb/sth (=do sb/sth justice)
公平地对待/恰当地处理……
(2)justify vt. 为……辩护;证明……正当(或有理、正确)
justify (doing) sth 证明(做)某事有理/正确
justify oneself 为自己辩解
(3)justified adj. 有正当理由的;正当的;合理的
be justified in doing something
做某事是合理的
【佳句背诵】
As the goods were damaged, she felt fully justified in asking for her money back.
因商品损坏, 她认为有充分的理由要求退款。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①You cannot do justice such a complex situation in just a matter of days.
②They found it hard to justify their son’s (give) up such a good chance to go abroad.
③The committee carefully reviewed the evidence before making a (justify) decision on the controversial issue.
◆完成句子
④The police are doing all they can .
警方正在尽一切努力把凶手绳之以法。
⑤Caught by the shopkeeper for stealing candy, the little boy fell silent when having nothing left .
因偷糖果被店主逮住,那个小男孩理屈词穷,不吱声了。
2.accuse vt.(to say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind)控告;控诉;谴责
(教材P52) There was a huge debate about whether the reporter should be accused of spying on the star couple.
关于该记者是否应该被指控监视这对明星夫妇,存在着巨大的争议。
(1)accuse sb of (doing) sth 控告/指责某人(做了)某事
charge sb with (doing) sth 控告某人(做)某事
(2)the accused n. 被告
【佳句背诵】
She was accused of using the company’s money for her own purposes and was being questioned by the police.
她因挪用公司的钱财来谋私利而遭到控告,目前正在接受警方的讯问。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The (accuse) man proved his innocence by proving that he was abroad when the murder was committed.
②The secretary had to resign after she was accused giving away the secret of the company.
③The shop assistant was dismissed as she was charged cheating customers.
◆完成句子
④ stealing things in the shop, the lady stood there, hanging her head in shame.
那位女士被指控偷了商店里的东西,她站在那里,羞愧地垂着头。(读后续写之心理描写)
3.come to the conclusion 得出结论
(教材P52) So I have come to the conclusion that if you want a great career, you need to commit yourself to something meaningful.
所以我得出结论,如果你想成就伟业,你需要致力于一些有意义的事情。
(1)arrive at/draw/reach a conclusion
得出结论
in conclusion 最后;总之
(2)conclude v. 断定;得出结论;(使)结束,终止
conclude from… 从……中得出结论
conclude…with… 以……结束/终止……
【佳句背诵】
Only by undertaking careful analysis of these data can you come to a scientific conclusion.
只有对这些数据进行仔细分析,你才能得出科学的结论。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Basing his (conclude) on the evidence he collected on the spot, he proved that the murderer was guilty.
②This contest will last one and a half months, (conclude) at the middle of December.
③ conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
◆完成句子
④ , it is in this dynamic school that I have led a fruitful life and I will cherish the memory forever.
总之,正是在这所充满活力的学校我过着充实的生活,这段回忆我将永远珍藏。(应用文写作之发言稿)
⑤Taking into account all of these factors, we may safely that she is the right person for the position.
考虑到所有这些因素,我们可以有把握地得出结论,她是这个职位的合适人选。
4.greedy adj. (wanting more money, power, food, etc. than you really need)贪婪的;贪心的
(教材P52) …but wouldn’t it be kind of greedy to focus on money and fame rather than on something more meaningful
……但专注于金钱和名声而不是更有意义的事情,难道不是有点儿贪婪吗
(1)be greedy for 对……贪婪;渴望获得
be greedy to do sth 渴望做某事
with greedy eyes 以贪婪的目光
(2)greedily adv. 贪婪地,贪心地
greed n. 贪食;贪婪;贪心;贪欲
【佳句背诵】
The children were greedy for the candy and couldn’t wait for the party to start.
孩子们对糖果垂涎欲滴,迫不及待地想要派对开始。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems (greed), and so I am always left wanting more next time.
②It is often said that the richer people are, the (greedy) they are for money.
③The company’s CEO acted (greedy), causing financial harm to many employees.
◆完成句子
④He was he took more than his fair share of the cake.
他非常贪心,拿了比他应得的更多的蛋糕。
⑤Tim that he reads every book available.
蒂姆是如此渴求知识,以至于他把能找到的每一本书都读了。
5.dedicate vt.(to give a lot of your time and effort to a particular activity or purpose because you think it is important) 把……奉献给
(教材P53) Zhong Yang…dedicated his life to research on seeds…
钟扬……把他的一生都奉献给了研究种子……
(1)dedicate…to… 把……奉献给……
dedicate oneself to 献身于……;专注于……;致力于……(to为介词)
be dedicated to 献身于……; 专注于……;致力于……
(2)dedication n. 献身;奉献
(3)dedicated adj. 献身的;专心致志的;专用的
[温馨提示] 表示“致力于做某事”的其他短语:
be committed to doing sth; be devoted to doing sth; apply oneself to doing sth等。
【佳句背诵】
He has been dedicating his life to improving the medical career, so he is the person I respect most.
他一生致力于改善医疗事业,所以他是我最尊敬的人。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①With a certain amount of (dedicate) and determination, you can achieve a great deal.
②The British Museum, located in the Bloomsbury area of London, is the first national public museum (dedicate) to human history, art and culture.
③Motivated by what she saw and overheard, she decided to put an end to her plan and dedicate herself to (help) others like Uncle Jones.
◆完成句子/句式改写
④Mother’s Day is a special day honouring and appreciating mothers worldwide.
母亲节是一个特殊的日子,致力于向全世界的母亲们表示敬意和感激。
⑤She protecting the rights of the sick and the homeless for years, and is highly praised by the society.
→ protecting the rights of the sick and the homeless for years, she is highly praised by the society. (用v.-ing改写)
→ protecting the rights of the sick and the homeless for years, she is highly praised by the society. (用v.-ed改写)
多年来,她一直致力于保护病人和无家可归者的权利,受到社会的高度赞扬。
【探索发现】
1.There are many free tests online, so give one a try.
2.You can choose to stay at home, or you can come with us to the party.
3.Having this information will provide you with a better chance of finding a job you like.
4.This is a great tool to help plan your career and let you know what targets you need to reach to get there.
5.The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school, before you make any choices about your further education.
6.The career you have defines your life, and so taking time to think about it is an essential exercise for young people.
7.The career suggestions are also based on your education and experience level, but you can look at higher-level careers as well, which is very useful for high school students.
8.For example, you could look at the basic careers to see what work you might like now, and then look at the more advanced careers so you know what you may like to aim for in the future.
【自我总结】
1.以上第1、2、6、7、8句是由并列连词and, but, so,or连接的 句。
2.第3、4、5句是带有定语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和状语从句的 句。
3.第6、7、8句不仅是由并列连词and, but连接的并列句,分句中又含有定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句,这样的句子称为 。
4.英语中可以使用包含有数个并列句或从句的长句来表达更复杂的意思。
复习长句
一、熟悉句子的三种类型
1.并列句
并列句就是由and, but, or, so, for, while, when等并列连词连接的两个或多个简单句,很明显,并列句的形式比简单句更长,表达的意思也比简单句更复杂,还含有不同的逻辑关系,如递进、转折、选择、因果等。如:
My husband was working, so I went shopping.
我丈夫在工作,所以我去购物了。
2.复合句
一个主谓结构充当一个句子的某个成分,这种句子就称为复合句。如:
What she really missed was going outdoors and walking the dog for her neighbour. (主语从句)
她真正怀念的是去户外为邻居遛狗。
She knew that she had got to go through all the difficulties with her family. (宾语从句)
她知道她必须和家人一起克服所有的困难。
The fact was that she had no relatives because her father and mother were orphans. (表语从句)
事实上,她没有亲人,因为她的父亲和母亲都是孤儿。
My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. (同位语从句)
我关于如何与他取得联系的问题还没有得到答复。
She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. (时间状语从句)
她和家人躲了将近二十五个月才被发现。
Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak in an older kind of English dialect. (定语从句)
一些生活在美国东部山区的人说的是一种古老的英语方言。
3.并列复合句
(1)The results of the test will tell you about your strengths and interests, and some tests also suggest
分句1
careers that you may be suited to.
分句2
[分句1+并列连词and+分句2(含that引导的定语从句,修饰careers)]
测试结果会告诉你你的优势和爱好,一些测试还表明你可能适合从事的职业。
(2)I want to become a lawyer because I think fairness and justice is of great importance to society,
分句1
and I hope I can make some contribution in that respect.
分句2
[分句1(含because引导的原因状语从句)+并列连词and+分句2(含宾语从句I can make…)]
我想成为一名律师,因为我认为公平和正义对社会非常重要,并且我希望我能在那个方面做出贡献。
二、如何理解长句
要理解长句,我们首先得学会运用句子的基本原理来分析它们的结构层次,抓住长句子的主干,即句子的主语和谓语,然后再逐层梳理分析长句中其他成分的层次关系。如:
1.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我太久无法出门,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
句子第一层次(主干):I wonder+if引导的宾语从句;第二层次:“it’s+被强调成分+that…”强调句的主干句;第三层次:被强调成分为because引导的原因状语从句。
2.Yesterday, we heard the news that Jim was taken to the police station because of his drunk driving. Fortunately, there was no accident, but there is a doubt whether the news is true or not. I know Jim is a man who obeys the traffic rules.
昨天我们听到吉姆因为酒驾被带到警察局的消息。幸运的是没有出事故,但这则消息是不是真的还存在疑问。我知道吉姆是一个遵守交通规则的人。
该语段的第一句中第一层次是“we heard the news”,第二层次是that引导的同位语从句,同位语从句说明news的具体内容。第二句是由转折连词but连接的并列句,分句1的第一层次是“there was no accident”,没有第二层次的从句;分句2的第一层次是“there is a doubt”,第二层次是whether引导的同位语从句,用来说明doubt的具体内容。第三句中第一层次是“I know”,后跟宾语从句(第二层次),第三层次是由who引导的定语从句。
三、弄清上下文关系及指代
有些长句在语篇中与上下文存在较为紧密的衔接关系,尤其是句中有指代词的时候,除了需要厘清句子的结构层次和语义逻辑之外,有时还需要结合句子所在的上下文,分析长句中指代词的具体所指。如:
Koalas spend quite a lot of time eating, sleeping, and hanging onto tree trunks, so interaction with humans can cause them a lot of stress. Because of this, the government began to make laws against touching koalas, in the interest of animal protection, as well as public safety. So, if you see one in the wild, you shouldn’t approach it to pick it up or even touch it. 考拉的大量时间都用于吃、睡和抱着树干,所以与人类的互动会给它们带来很大的压力。因此,政府已开始制定法律来限制(人)触摸考拉,这既是为了保护动物也是为了公众安全。所以,如果你在野外看到考拉,你不应该接近它、抱它,更不应该触摸它。
该语段由三个句子组成,第一句是并列句,由so连接,它与第二句话在语义上密切关联。准确理解文中指代词的所指,有助于理解句意。第一句话中的them指代koalas;第二句话中的this指第一句话所描述的情况;第三句话分别用one和it指代koala,与前两句话相衔接。整段文字简洁、语义连贯。
四、打造漂亮的英文长句
1.通过添加插入语、形式主语或宾语it、形容词或副词、后置定语或定语从句,还有分词短语以及with复合结构等来进行句式扩展,写好长句。如:
(1)I’m Li Hua, an exchange student from China.(添加插入语作同位语,进行补充说明)
我叫李华,是一名来自中国的交换生。
(2)I would be honoured to have you there with us, enjoying the colourful days.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
我很荣幸有你和我们在一起,享受多彩的日子。
(3)With you helping me patiently, my English has improved a lot.(with复合结构作原因状语)
有你耐心地帮助我,我的英语进步了很多。
(4)To be sure, it must be admitted that the dictionary contains information.(加插入语,用it作形式主语)
可以肯定的是,必须承认词典里有信息。
(5)To be sure, it must be admitted that the newly-published dictionary contains a great deal of clear and valuable information.(增加了形容词作修饰语)
可以肯定的是,必须承认,新出版的词典包含了大量清晰而有价值的信息。
(6)To be sure, it must be admitted that the newly-published dictionary, which is the best-seller in Shanghai Bookmall, contains a great deal of clear and valuable information.(增加了非限制性定语从句)
可以肯定的是,必须承认,这本新出版的词典是上海书城的畅销书,其中包含了大量清晰而有价值的信息。
2.恰当使用并列句,使用自己所掌握的基础复合句。一个复合句如果含有多个从句,就会使句子变得太长,意义愈加复杂,理解的难度加大。因此我们进行英语写作时,一般情况下只需要写出基础的、自己完全掌握的复合句。如:
(1)You will find it easy to join us since we all want to
it作形式宾语
make friends with you.
原因状语从句
你会发现加入我们很容易,因为我们都想和你交朋友。
(2)We obtain great thoughts by means of classic works, which contain fascinating stories and language.
非限制性定语从句
我们通过经典作品获得伟大的思想,其中包含引人入胜的故事和语言。
(3)Once they got there, they divided themselves
时间状语从句
into small groups to do different jobs.
他们一到那里,就分成小组做不同的工作。
(4)Whenever you get into trouble, we are ready to
时间状语从句
lend you a helping hand.
每当你遇到麻烦,我们随时准备向你伸出援手。
(5)I wonder if you could give me some advice so
宾语从句
that I can get myself better prepared for my stay in Canada.
目的状语从句
我想知道你是否可以给我一些建议,这样我就可以为在加拿大的逗留做更好的准备。
(6)Study hard, think with your own head and be nice
分句1 分句2
to your classmates.
分句3
好好学习,用自己的大脑思考,对同学好一点。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 将下列简单句合并为恰当的主从复合句
1.The novel was written by J. K. Rowling. It has been translated into multiple languages.
2.This is a large car factory. It has been producing cars.
3.I tried a lot. I still failed in the exam.
4.She is very short. She can’t reach the buttons of the lift.
●Ⅱ 根据提示完成语段
We 1. (已经被告知) there is going to be an English party next week, but we don’t know the exact time and place. “It makes no difference 2. (我们将在什么时候、什么地方举行这次聚会), but it matters a lot 3. (谁将主持它). Do you think so ” said she. Hearing 4. (她所说的), Yang Fang said our manager is the right person for it, but the question is 5. (他将外出出差) next week.
●Ⅲ 语法填空
China plans to expand its space station to six modules(舱)from three in the coming years, a researcher at the China Academy of Space Technology said on Wednesday.
The space station will play 1. important role as “space home port”, 2. (provide) an alternative platform for near-Earth missions as the International Space Station (ISS) nears the end of its lifespan (寿命). The ISS 3. (expect) to be decommissioned (退役) after 2030. The lifetime of the Chinese space station will be more than 15 years. It is longer than the 10 years the country 4. (previous) announced.
China’s self-built space station, also 5. (know) as Tiangong, or Sky Palace in Chinese, has been 6. full operation since late 2022. And it hosts a maximum of three astronauts at an orbital altitude of up to 450 kilometres.
It will have a weight of 180 tonnes after expansion, about 40 percent of the mass of the ISS, 7. has been in orbit for over two decades.
Regarding the expansion, another module is also in the plan. Other plans, including the development of large space telescopes, 3D printers, intelligent robots 8. a warning system, are also underway.
Chinese state media said last year that China would be matchless as the ISS was approaching 9. (retire), and added that China had been requested by several countries 10. (send) their astronauts to the Chinese station. Period Three Learning About Language (Grammar)
●Ⅰ 句型转换
1.You may find it was astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.(转换成“动词+it+宾语补足语”结构)
→ that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
2.All the bamboos on the hillside behind our house seemed to shoot up overnight in the rainy season. (转换成It seems…结构)
→ shot up overnight in the rainy season.
3.So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than he had ever done before. (转换成状语从句的省略形式)
→So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary .
4.Zhou Yang will never forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. (转换成倒装句)
→ his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.
5.A person begins to look sick only when the disease has progressed to AIDS. (转换成强调句)
→ a person begins to look sick.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.Discuss , and at that time. 讨论一下它们发生的时间、庆祝的内容以及当时人们做了什么。
2.Further reading made me realize that as well as her gentle nature got her into a medical school.
进一步的阅读让我意识到, 正是努力、决心以及她温和的天性让她进入了一所医学院。
3.My tutor explained that I should read lots of different texts that .
我的导师解释说, 我应该阅读许多包含不同观点的不同文献, 并分析我所读的内容。
4. has a huge effect on your growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.
你与你的教授相处是否融洽对你的发展起着重要的作用, 因为这是一种衡量你尊重权威和服从要求程度的方法。
5.The fact as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not possess these emotions.
一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感, 这一事实并不意味着他们没有这些情感。
●Ⅲ 阅读理解 [2024·江苏南京高二期末]
The conventional language of career success moves in only one direction: up. If you really succeed, you reach the top. But there is another type of career path. Sideways moves without a promotion or a pay rise, can be of benefit to employees and organizations alike.
A study carried out by Donald Sull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his co-authors in 2021 found that the availability of lateral (横向的) career opportunities has a marked impact on keeping employees. When they decided whether to stay in the company or not, chances to move sideways were two and a half times more important than pay. Another paper, by Xin Jin of the University of South Florida and Michael Waldman of Cornell University, concluded that lateral moves did not just benefit organizations: employees who experienced them were more likely to be promoted and to enjoy higher wage growth later in their careers than employees who did not. You can move up by first moving sideways.
The crab-like (螃蟹般的) career has other things going for it. One is that it is a good way to learn new things. As hiring processes increasingly emphasize skills, employers are likely to put comparatively less emphasis on CVs and comparatively more weight on what you know. Messrs Jin and Waldman reason that the upper ranks of companies tend to be people whose capabilities are broad, not deep; that may explain why lateral moves are good for promotion prospects. Along with skills come contacts. Transferring between teams usually means building a bigger internal network. Opening the door to more lateral moves is partly a practical matter. Some bigger employers have “internal talent marketplaces” in which employees can find and apply for jobs elsewhere in the company; smaller firms have fewer such opportunities to offer.
Embracing sideways movement also requires the right attitude. Lots of managers like to keep talent to themselves, at the expense of workers and firms. And moving sideways still has less cachet (声望) than moving upwards. Most people find it not so easy to accept.
( )1. How does the author develop Paragraph 2
A.By telling personal stories.
B.By providing research findings.
C.By comparing different career paths.
D.By making remarks on scientific reports.
( )2. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Lateral moves involve gaining new skills.
B.Lateral moves are mainly for networking purposes.
C.Transferring between teams leads to a larger network.
D.Contacts are more important than skills in lateral moves.
( )3. What do many managers think of lateral career moves
A.They are a way to keep talent within the company.
B.They are seen as a threat to the managers’ own positions.
C.They could potentially lead to talent loss within the team.
D.They could contribute to the company’s growth in the long run.
( )4. Who may embrace lateral moves
A.Bosses who value short-term profits.
B.Employees who are eager for more skills.
C.Managers who appreciate long-term stability.
D.Job hunters who are interested in smaller firms.
●Ⅳ 阅读七选五 [2024·广东佛山高二期末]
Working out what you want to do
The career you have defines your life, and taking time to think about it is an essential exercise for young people. The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school. 1. Some people know what they want to do from a young age, but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.
One of the most effective ways to gain insight into a possible career path is to complete a “career test”. The results of the test will tell you about your strengths and interests, and some tests also suggest careers that you may be suited to. 2.
There are different kinds of career tests. 3. Others focus more on asking you to rate different kinds of work situations, like working as a librarian or a lawyer.
4. Their answers are analysed and divided up between six different types of work personalities. The participants are then given a chart showing their score for each type. The top three scores are used to make a code that indicates the participants’ overall work personality. This code is then used to generate a list of career suggestions.
In conclusion, career tests are clearly a very useful tool. 5. The secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate about. So try a few tests online and start thinking about your future career right now!
A.This, however, is not always easy.
B.You should make good use of your school time.
C.Some ask questions about your personal interests and attitudes.
D.Your advantages and hobbies will help you find a rewarding job.
E.However, it is important to remember that they are only meant for guidance.
F.Having this information will increase your chances of finding a job you like.
G.One popular test asks the participants to grade their preferences for different work tasks.
●Ⅴ 语法填空 [2024·广东惠州高二期末]
“Lean a bit to the left, face up, and give me a smile.” In a busy photo studio, Wang Xin 1. (flexible) changes his position, moving the camera to find the best angle and pausing from time to time to adjust the lighting.
As 2. experienced portrait photographer, Wang is well aware that skills are fundamental but communication is more important. By 3. (chat) with his customers in a friendly tone, he is able to put those camera-shy people at ease, which allows him 4. (figure) out the perfect moment to click.
The 55-year-old took up photography in 1986 when it 5. (see) by many as an admired profession and photographers were held in high esteem. Among his numerous memorable 6. (experience) is clicking the photographs of the family of Guo Chuan, the famous Chinese sailor 7. is thought to have fallen overboard while sailing in the high seas in 2016. After the tragedy, Guo’s wife and their children visit the studio every year to take a set of photographs 8. memory of Guo. Wang witnesses the 9. (grow) of Guo’s children and their love for their father.
Despite the advancement in photography technology and the changing definition of beauty, Wang remains passionate about self-improvement 10. sticks to capturing genuine moments on his camera. (共100张PPT)
Period Three
Learning About Language
(Grammar)
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
1.justice n.(the fair treatment of people)公正;公平;合理
(教材P52) I want to become a lawyer because I think fairness
and justice is of great importance to society, and I hope I can
make some contribution in that respect.
我想成为一名律师,因为我认为公平和正义对社会非常重要,并且我希
望我能在那个方面做出贡献。
(1)bring sb to justice 将某人绳之以法/缉拿归案
do justice to sb/sth (=do sb/sth justice)
公平地对待/恰当地处理……
(2)justify vt. 为……辩护;证明……正当
(或有理、正确)
justify (doing) sth 证明(做)某事有理/正确
justify oneself 为自己辩解
(3)justified adj. 有正当理由的；正当的；合理的
be justified in doing something 做某事是合理的
【佳句背诵】
As the goods were damaged, she felt fully justified in asking
for her money back.
因商品损坏, 她认为有充分的理由要求退款。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①You cannot do justice ____ such a complex situation in just a
matter of days.
②They found it hard to justify their son's _______ (give) up
such a good chance to go abroad.
③The committee carefully reviewed the evidence before making
a ________ (justify) decision on the controversial issue.
to
giving
justified
◆完成句子
④The police are doing all they can _________________________
______.
警方正在尽一切努力把凶手绳之以法。
to bring the murderer to justice
⑤Caught by the shopkeeper for stealing candy, the little boy
fell silent when having nothing left _________________.
因偷糖果被店主逮住,那个小男孩理屈词穷，不吱声了。
to justify himself
2.accuse vt.(to say that someone has done something morally
wrong, illegal, or unkind)控告;控诉;谴责
(教材P52) There was a huge debate about whether the reporter
should be accused of spying on the star couple.
关于该记者是否应该被指控监视这对明星夫妇,存在着巨大的争议。
(1)accuse sb of (doing) sth 控告/指责某人(做了)某事
charge sb with (doing) sth 控告某人(做)某事
(2)the accused n. 被告
【佳句背诵】
She was accused of using the company's money for her own
purposes and was being questioned by the police.
她因挪用公司的钱财来谋私利而遭到控告,目前正在接受警方的讯问。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The _________ (accuse) man proved his innocence by proving
that he was abroad when the murder was committed.
②The secretary had to resign after she was accused ___ giving
away the secret of the company.
③The shop assistant was dismissed as she was charged _____
cheating customers.
accused
of
with
◆完成句子
④________________________stealing things in the shop, the lady
stood there, hanging her head in shame.
那位女士被指控偷了商店里的东西,她站在那里,羞愧地垂着头。
(读后续写之心理描写)
Accused of/Charged with
3.come to the conclusion 得出结论
(教材P52) So I have come to the conclusion that if you want a
great career, you need to commit yourself to something
meaningful.
所以我得出结论,如果你想成就伟业,你需要致力于一些有意义的事情。
(1)arrive at/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 最后;总之
(2)conclude v. 断定;得出结论;(使)结束,终止
conclude from… 从……中得出结论
conclude…with… 以……结束/终止……
【佳句背诵】
Only by undertaking careful analysis of these data can you
come to a scientific conclusion.
只有对这些数据进行仔细分析,你才能得出科学的结论。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Basing his ___________ (conclude) on the evidence he
collected on the spot, he proved that the murderer was guilty.
②This contest will last one and a half months, ___________
(conclude) at the middle of December.
③___ conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily
available form of exercise.
conclusion
concluding
In
◆完成句子
④_____________, it is in this dynamic school that I have led a
fruitful life and I will cherish the memory forever.
总之，正是在这所充满活力的学校我过着充实的生活，这段回忆我
将永远珍藏。(应用文写作之发言稿)
In conclusion
⑤Taking into account all of these factors, we may safely
_______________________that she is the right person for the
position.
考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以有把握地得出结论，她是这个职位
的合适人选。
come to the conclusion
4.greedy adj. (wanting more money, power, food, etc. than you
really need)贪婪的;贪心的
(教材P52) …but wouldn't it be kind of greedy to focus on
money and fame rather than on something more meaningful
……但专注于金钱和名声而不是更有意义的事情,难道不是有点儿贪婪吗
(1)be greedy for 对……贪婪;渴望获得
be greedy to do sth 渴望做某事
with greedy eyes 以贪婪的目光
(2)greedily adv. 贪婪地,贪心地
greed n. 贪食;贪婪;贪心;贪欲
【佳句背诵】
The children were greedy for the candy and couldn't wait for
the party to start.
孩子们对糖果垂涎欲滴，迫不及待地想要派对开始。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] No matter where I buy them, though，
one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems ________
(greed), and so I am always left wanting more next time.
greedy
②It is often said that the richer people are, the _________
(greedy) they are for money.
③The company's CEO acted _________ (greedy), causing
financial harm to many employees.
greedier
greedily
◆完成句子
④He was _______________he took more than his fair share of
the cake.
他非常贪心，拿了比他应得的更多的蛋糕。
so greedy that
⑤Tim ___________________________that he reads every book
available.
蒂姆是如此渴求知识，以至于他把能找到的每一本书都读了。
is so greedy for knowledge
5.dedicate vt.(to give a lot of your time and effort to a
particular activity or purpose because you think it is important)
把……奉献给
(教材P53) Zhong Yang…dedicated his life to research on seeds…
钟扬……把他的一生都奉献给了研究种子……
(1)dedicate…to… 把……奉献给……
dedicate oneself to 献身于……;专注于……;致力于……
(to为介词)
be dedicated to 献身于……; 专注于……;致力于……
(2)dedication n. 献身;奉献
(3)dedicated adj. 献身的;专心致志的;专用的
［温馨提示］表示“致力于做某事”的其他短语:
be committed to doing sth; be devoted to doing sth; apply
oneself to doing sth等。
【佳句背诵】
He has been dedicating his life to improving the medical career,
so he is the person I respect most.
他一生致力于改善医疗事业,所以他是我最尊敬的人。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①With a certain amount of ___________ (dedicate) and
determination, you can achieve a great deal.
dedication
②The British Museum, located in the Bloomsbury area of
London, is the first national public museum __________
(dedicate) to human history, art and culture.
dedicated
③Motivated by what she saw and overheard, she decided to
put an end to her plan and dedicate herself to ________ (help)
others like Uncle Jones.
helping
◆完成句子/句式改写
④Mother's Day is a special day
__________________________honouring and appreciating mothers
worldwide.
母亲节是一个特殊的日子，致力于向全世界的母亲们表示敬意和感激。
(that/which is) dedicated to
⑤She _____________________________________________
protecting the
rights of the sick and the homeless for years, and is highly
praised by the society.
→ ____________________protecting the rights of the sick and
the homeless for years, she is highly praised by the society.
(用v.-ing改写)
has dedicated herself to/has been dedicated to
Dedicating herself to
→ _____________protecting the rights of the sick and the
homeless for years, she is highly praised by the society.
(用v.-ed改写)
多年来,她一直致力于保护病人和无家可归者的权利,受到社会的高度
赞扬。
Dedicated to
【探索发现】
1.There are many free tests online, so give one a try.
2.You can choose to stay at home, or you can come with us to
the party.
3.Having this information will provide you with a better chance
of finding a job you like.
4.This is a great tool to help plan your career and let you
know what targets you need to reach to get there.
5.The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while
you are still at school, before you make any choices about
your further education.
6.The career you have defines your life, and so taking time to
think about it is an essential exercise for young people.
7.The career suggestions are also based on your education and
experience level, but you can look at higher-level careers as
well, which is very useful for high school students.
8.For example, you could look at the basic careers to see what
work you might like now, and then look at the more
advanced careers so you know what you may like to aim for
in the future.
【自我总结】
1.以上第1、2、6、7、8句是由并列连词and, but, so，or连接的
______ 句。
2.第3、4、5句是带有定语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和状语从句的
______ 句。
3.第6、7、8句不仅是由并列连词and, but连接的并列句,分句中又含
有定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句,这样的句子称为 ____________。
并列
复合
并列复合句
4.英语中可以使用包含有数个并列句或从句的长句来表达更复杂的意思。
复习长句
一、熟悉句子的三种类型
1.并列句
并列句就是由and, but, or, so, for, while, when等并列连词连接的
两个或多个简单句,很明显,并列句的形式比简单句更长,表达的意思也
比简单句更复杂,还含有不同的逻辑关系,如递进、转折、选择、因果
等。如:
My husband was working, so I went shopping.
我丈夫在工作,所以我去购物了。
2.复合句
一个主谓结构充当一个句子的某个成分,这种句子就称为复合句。如:
What she really missed was going outdoors and walking the
dog for her neighbour. (主语从句)
她真正怀念的是去户外为邻居遛狗。
She knew that she had got to go through all the difficulties
with her family. (宾语从句)
她知道她必须和家人一起克服所有的困难。
The fact was that she had no relatives because her father
and mother were orphans. (表语从句)
事实上,她没有亲人,因为她的父亲和母亲都是孤儿。
My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been
answered. (同位语从句)
我关于如何与他取得联系的问题还没有得到答复。
She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months
before they were discovered. (时间状语从句)
她和家人躲了将近二十五个月才被发现。
Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA
speak in an older kind of English dialect. (定语从句)
一些生活在美国东部山区的人说的是一种古老的英语方言。
3.并列复合句
(1)The results of the test will tell you about your strengths
and interests,(分句1) and some tests also suggestcareers that
you may be suited to(分句2).
［分句1+并列连词and+分句2(含that引导的定语从句,修饰careers)］
测试结果会告诉你你的优势和爱好,一些测试还表明你可能适合从事
的职业。
(2)I want to become a lawyer because I think fairness and
justice is of great importance to society,(分句1)and I hope I
can make some contribution in that respect(分句2).
［分句1(含because引导的原因状语从句)+并列连词and+分句2
(含宾语从句I can make…)］
我想成为一名律师,因为我认为公平和正义对社会非常重要,并且我希
望我能在那个方面做出贡献。
二、如何理解长句
要理解长句,我们首先得学会运用句子的基本原理来分析它们的结构
层次,抓住长句子的主干,即句子的主语和谓语,然后再逐层梳理分析长
句中其他成分的层次关系。如:
1.I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors
for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do
with nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我太久无法出门,我变得对一切与大自然有关
的事物都无比狂热。
句子第一层次(主干):I wonder+if引导的宾语从句;第二层次:“it's+被强
调成分+that…”强调句的主干句;第三层次:被强调成分为because引导
的原因状语从句。
2.Yesterday, we heard the news that Jim was taken to the
police station because of his drunk driving. Fortunately, there
was no accident, but there is a doubt whether the news is true
or not. I know Jim is a man who obeys the traffic rules.
昨天我们听到吉姆因为酒驾被带到警察局的消息。幸运的是没有出
事故,但这则消息是不是真的还存在疑问。我知道吉姆是一个遵守交
通规则的人。
该语段的第一句中第一层次是“we heard the news”,第二层次是that
引导的同位语从句,同位语从句说明news的具体内容。第二句是由
转折连词but连接的并列句,分句1的第一层次是“there was no
accident”,没有第二层次的从句;分句2的第一层次是“there is
a doubt”,第二层次是whether引导的同位语从句,用来说明doubt的具
体内容。第三句中第一层次是“I know”,后跟宾语从句(第二层次),第
三层次是由who引导的定语从句。
三、弄清上下文关系及指代
有些长句在语篇中与上下文存在较为紧密的衔接关系,尤其是句中有
指代词的时候,除了需要厘清句子的结构层次和语义逻辑之外,有时还
需要结合句子所在的上下文,分析长句中指代词的具体所指。如:
Koalas spend quite a lot of time eating, sleeping, and hanging
onto tree trunks, so interaction with humans can cause them a
lot of stress. Because of this, the government began to make
laws against touching koalas, in the interest of animal protection,
as well as public safety. So, if you see one in the wild, you
shouldn't approach it to pick it up or even touch it. 考拉的大量
时间都用于吃、睡和抱着树干,所以与人类的互动会给它们带来很大
的压力。因此,政府已开始制定法律来限制(人)触摸考拉,这既是为了
保护动物也是为了公众安全。所以,如果你在野外看到考拉,你不应该
接近它、抱它,更不应该触摸它。
该语段由三个句子组成,第一句是并列句,由so连接,它与第二句话在语
义上密切关联。准确理解文中指代词的所指,有助于理解句意。第一
句话中的them指代koalas;第二句话中的this指第一句话所描述的情况;
第三句话分别用one和it指代koala,与前两句话相衔接。整段文字简洁、
语义连贯。
四、打造漂亮的英文长句
1.通过添加插入语、形式主语或宾语it、形容词或副词、后置定语或
定语从句,还有分词短语以及with复合结构等来进行句式扩展,写好长
句。如:
(1)I'm Li Hua, an exchange student from China.(添加插入语作
同位语,进行补充说明)
我叫李华,是一名来自中国的交换生。
(2)I would be honoured to have you there with us, enjoying
the colourful days.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
我很荣幸有你和我们在一起,享受多彩的日子。
(3)With you helping me patiently, my English has improved a
lot.(with复合结构作原因状语)
有你耐心地帮助我,我的英语进步了很多。
(4)To be sure, it must be admitted that the dictionary contains
information.(加插入语,用it作形式主语)
可以肯定的是,必须承认词典里有信息。
(5)To be sure, it must be admitted that the newly-published
dictionary contains a great deal of clear and valuable
information.(增加了形容词作修饰语)
可以肯定的是,必须承认,新出版的词典包含了大量清晰而有价值的信息。
(6)To be sure, it must be admitted that the newly-published
dictionary, which is the best-seller in Shanghai Bookmall,
contains a great deal of clear and valuable information.
(增加了非限制性定语从句)
可以肯定的是,必须承认,这本新出版的词典是上海书城的畅销书,其中
包含了大量清晰而有价值的信息。
2.恰当使用并列句,使用自己所掌握的基础复合句。一个复合句如果
含有多个从句,就会使句子变得太长,意义愈加复杂,理解的难度加大。
因此我们进行英语写作时,一般情况下只需要写出基础的、自己完全
掌握的复合句。如:
(1)You will find it(it作形式宾语) easy to join us since we all want
tomake friends with you(原因状语从句).
你会发现加入我们很容易,因为我们都想和你交朋友。
(2)We obtain great thoughts by means of classic works, which
contain fascinating stories and language(非限制性定语从句).
我们通过经典作品获得伟大的思想,其中包含引人入胜的故事和语言。
(3)Once they got there(时间状语从句), they divided themselves
into small groups to do different jobs.
他们一到那里,就分成小组做不同的工作。
(4)Whenever you get into trouble(时间状语从句), we are ready
to lend you a helping hand.
每当你遇到麻烦,我们随时准备向你伸出援手。
(5)I wonder if you could give me some advice(宾语从句) so that
I can get myself better prepared for my stay in Canada
(目的状语从句).
我想知道你是否可以给我一些建议,这样我就可以为在加拿大的逗留
做更好的准备。
(6)Study hard(分句1), think with your own head (分句2)and be
nice to your classmates(分句3).
好好学习,用自己的大脑思考,对同学好一点。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ将下列简单句合并为恰当的主从复合句
1.The novel was written by J. K. Rowling. It has been translated
into multiple languages.
___________________________________________________________
_________________________________
2.This is a large car factory. It has been producing cars.
_______________________________________________________
The novel which was written by J. K. Rowling has been translated into multiple languages.
This is a large car factory which has been producing cars.
3.I tried a lot. I still failed in the exam.
_____________________________________________
4.She is very short. She can't reach the buttons of the lift.
________________________________________________________
Although I tried a lot, I still failed in the exam.
She is so short that she can't reach the buttons of the lift.
Ⅱ根据提示完成语段
We 1.____________________ (已经被告知) there is going to
be an English party next week, but we don't know the exact
time and place. “It makes no difference 2.____________________
__________________ (我们将在什么时候、什么地方举行这次聚会),
but it matters a lot 3.________________ (谁将主持它). Do you
think so ” said she. Hearing 4.______________(她所说的), Yang
Fang said our manager is the right person for it, but the
question is 5._______________________________(他将外出出差)
next week.
have been told that
when and where we will hold the party
who will host it
what she said
that he will be out on business
Ⅲ语法填空
China plans to expand its space station to six
modules(舱)from three in the coming years, a researcher at the
China Academy of Space Technology said on Wednesday.
The space station will play 1.____ important role as “space
home port”, 2.__________ (provide) an alternative platform for
near-Earth missions as the International Space Station (ISS) nears
the end of its lifespan (寿命). The ISS 3.____________ (expect)
to be decommissioned (退役) after 2030. The lifetime of the
an
providing
is expected
Chinese space station will be more than 15 years. It is longer
than the 10 years the country 4.__________ (previous)
announced.
China's self-built space station, also 5._______ (know) as
Tiangong, or Sky Palace in Chinese, has been 6.___ full
operation since late 2022. And it hosts a maximum of three
astronauts at an orbital altitude of up to 450 kilometres.
It will have a weight of 180 tonnes after expansion, about
40 percent of the mass of the ISS, 7._______ has been in orbit
for over two decades.
previously
known
in
which
Regarding the expansion, another module is also in the
plan. Other plans, including the development of large space
telescopes, 3D printers, intelligent robots 8._____ a warning
system, are also underway.
Chinese state media said last year that China would be
matchless as the ISS was approaching 9.___________ (retire), and
added that China had been requested by several countries
10._________ (send) their astronauts to the Chinese station.
and
retirement
to send
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。中国计划在未来几年内将其“天
宫”空间站从三个舱扩展到六个舱，为其他国家的宇航员提供一个执
行任务的平台。
1.____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。play a(n)…role发挥……作用。important为元音音
素开头，用an。故填an。
2.__________
providing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，provide与
space station是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填providing。
3.____________
is expected
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。be expected to do
sth“被期待做某事”，expect与主语the ISS是被动关系，用被动语态，
描述事实用一般现在时，主语是单数。故填is expected。
4.__________
previously
[解析] 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词announced。故填
previously。
5._______
known
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作定语，know与space
station是被动关系，用过去分词形式。 故填known。
6.___
in
[解析] 考查介词。in operation“在运行中”是固定短语。故填in。
7._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the
ISS，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
8._____
and
[解析] 考查连词。此处为多个名词短语并列作介词of的宾语，最后
一个名词短语前应用and连接。故填and。
9.___________
retirement
[解析] 考查名词。此处作宾语，用名词。故填retirement。
10._________
to send
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。be requested to do sth“被请求做某事”，
空处用不定式形式作主语补足语。故填to send。
练 习 册
Ⅰ句型转换
1.You may find it was astonishing that Charlie was taught to
sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could
walk.(转换成“动词+it+宾语补足语”结构)
→ ___________________________ that Charlie was taught to sing
as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could
walk.
You may find it astonishing
1
2
3
4
5
2.All the bamboos on the hillside behind our house seemed to
shoot up overnight in the rainy season. (转换成It seems…结构)
→ ________________________________________________________
________ shot up overnight in the rainy season.
It seemed as if all the bamboos on the hillside behind our house
3.So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a
wider vocabulary than he had ever done before. (转换成状语从
句的省略形式)
→So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a
wider vocabulary _________________.
than ever before
1
2
3
4
5
4.Zhou Yang will never forget his first assignment at the office
of a popular English newspaper. (转换成倒装句)
→ ____________________________ his first assignment at the
office of a popular English newspaper.
Never will Zhou Yang forget
5.A person begins to look sick only when the disease has
progressed to AIDS. (转换成强调句)
→ _____________________________________________________ a
person begins to look sick.
It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅱ句型训练
1.Discuss _____________________, _____________________ and
_________________ at that time. 讨论一下它们发生的时间、庆祝
的内容以及当时人们做了什么。
when they took place
what they celebrated
what people did
2.Further reading made me realize that ______________________
_____________ as well as her gentle nature _____ got her into
a medical school.
进一步的阅读让我意识到, 正是努力、决心以及她温和的天性让她进
入了一所医学院。
it was hard work and determination
that
1
2
3
4
5
3.My tutor explained that I should read lots of different texts
that ________________________________________________.
我的导师解释说, 我应该阅读许多包含不同观点的不同文献, 并分析
我所读的内容。
contain different opinions and analyse what I read
4._____________________________________________________ has
a huge effect on your growth as it is a measure of how well
you can respect authority and obey requirements.
你与你的教授相处是否融洽对你的发展起着重要的作用, 因为这是一
种衡量你尊重权威和服从要求程度的方法。
Whether you get along well with your professors or not
1
2
3
4
5
5.The fact _________________________________________________
________ as openly as do members of another does not mean
that they do not possess these emotions.
一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他
们的情感, 这一事实并不意味着他们没有这些情感。
that members of one culture do not express their emotions
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ阅读理解［2024·江苏南京高二期末］
The conventional language of career success moves in only
one direction: up. If you really succeed, you reach the top. But
there is another type of career path. Sideways moves without a
promotion or a pay rise, can be of benefit to employees and
organizations alike.
A study carried out by Donald Sull of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and his co-authors in 2021 found that
1
2
3
4
the availability of lateral (横向的) career opportunities has a
marked impact on keeping employees. When they decided
whether to stay in the company or not, chances to move
sideways were two and a half times more important than pay.
Another paper, by Xin Jin of the University of South Florida and
Michael Waldman of Cornell University, concluded that lateral
moves did not just benefit organizations： employees who
experienced them were more likely to be promoted and to
enjoy higher wage growth later in their careers than employees
who did not. You can move up by first moving sideways.
1
2
3
4
The crab-like (螃蟹般的) career has other things going for it.
One is that it is a good way to learn new things. As hiring
processes increasingly emphasize skills, employers are likely to
put comparatively less emphasis on CVs and comparatively more
weight on what you know. Messrs Jin and Waldman reason that
the upper ranks of companies tend to be people whose
capabilities are broad, not deep; that may explain why lateral
moves are good for promotion prospects. Along with skills
come contacts. Transferring between teams usually means
1
2
3
4
building a bigger internal network. Opening the door to more
lateral moves is partly a practical matter. Some bigger
employers have “internal talent marketplaces” in which
employees can find and apply for jobs elsewhere in the
company; smaller firms have fewer such opportunities to offer.
Embracing sideways movement also requires the right
attitude. Lots of managers like to keep talent to themselves, at
the expense of workers and firms. And moving sideways still has
less cachet (声望) than moving upwards. Most people find it not
so easy to accept.
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了职场中的横向调
动，并说明了这一做法的影响和好处。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.How does the author develop Paragraph 2
A.By telling personal stories.
B.By providing research findings.
C.By comparing different career paths.
D.By making remarks on scientific reports.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段“A study carried out by Donald
Sull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his co-
authors in 2021 found that…Another paper…concluded
that…employees who experienced them were more likely to be
promoted and to enjoy higher wage growth later in their
careers than employees who did not. You can move up by first
moving sideways.”可推知，作者是通过提供研究结果来展开第二段
的。故选B项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3
mean
A.Lateral moves involve gaining new skills.
B.Lateral moves are mainly for networking purposes.
C.Transferring between teams leads to a larger network.
D.Contacts are more important than skills in lateral moves.
[解析] 句意理解题。根据画线句后文“Transferring between teams
usually means building a bigger internal network.”可知，画线句
意思是“团队之间的调动意味着建立一个更大的人际网”。故选C项。
√
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What do many managers think of lateral career moves
A.They are a way to keep talent within the company.
B.They are seen as a threat to the managers' own positions.
C.They could potentially lead to talent loss within the team.
D.They could contribute to the company's growth in the long
run.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Lots of managers like to keep
talent to themselves, at the expense of workers and firms…not
so easy to accept.”可知，许多经理认为横向职业调动可能会导致团
队内部的人才流失。故选C项。
√
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.Who may embrace lateral moves
A.Bosses who value short-term profits.
B.Employees who are eager for more skills.
C.Managers who appreciate long-term stability.
D.Job hunters who are interested in smaller firms.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段“One is that it is a good way to
learn new things. As hiring processes increasingly emphasize
skills, employers are likely to put comparatively less emphasis on
CVs and comparatively more weight on what you know. Messrs
Jin and Waldman reason that the upper ranks of companies
tend to be people whose capabilities are broad, not deep; that
may explain why lateral moves are good for promotion
prospects. Along with skills come contacts.”可知，渴望获得更多技
能的员工可能会接受横向调动。故选B项。
1
2
3
4
Ⅳ阅读七选五［2024·广东佛山高二期末］
Working out what you want to do
The career you have defines your life, and taking time to
think about it is an essential exercise for young people. The
best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you
are still at school. 1.___ Some people know what they want to
do from a young age, but many others just have a few ideas
bouncing around in their heads.
A
1
2
3
4
5
One of the most effective ways to gain insight into a
possible career path is to complete a “career test”. The results
of the test will tell you about your strengths and interests, and
some tests also suggest careers that you may be suited to.
2.___
There are different kinds of career tests. 3.___ Others focus
more on asking you to rate different kinds of work situations,
like working as a librarian or a lawyer.
F
C
1
2
3
4
5
4.___ Their answers are analysed and divided up between
six different types of work personalities. The participants are
then given a chart showing their score for each type. The top
three scores are used to make a code that indicates the
participants' overall work personality. This code is then used to
generate a list of career suggestions.
In conclusion, career tests are clearly a very useful tool.
5.___ The secret to a good career is finding something that you
are passionate about. So try a few tests online and start
thinking about your future career right now!
G
E
1
2
3
4
5
A.This, however, is not always easy.
B.You should make good use of your school time.
C.Some ask questions about your personal interests and
attitudes.
D.Your advantages and hobbies will help you find a rewarding
job.
E.However, it is important to remember that they are only
meant for guidance.
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F.Having this information will increase your chances of finding a
job you like.
G.One popular test asks the participants to grade their
preferences for different work tasks.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“思考并确定自己未来想
要从事的职业”这一主题展开，介绍了思考职业选择的重要性、进行
职业测试的方法以及职业测试的种类和作用等。
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1.___
A
[解析] 根据空前内容“The best time to start thinking about
possible careers is while you are still at school.”可知，上文提到
思考未来的职业的时间最好是在上学的时候。选项A“This, however,
is not always easy.”(然而，这并不总是那么容易。)承上启下，说明
并不是所有人都能轻易地确定自己的职业方向，从而引出下文
“Some people know what they want to do from a young age,
but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their
heads.”。故选A。
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2.___
F
[解析] 上文“The results of the test will tell you about your
strengths and interests, and some tests also suggest careers that
you may be suited to.”强调了职业测试能提供的有用信息。选项F
“Having this information will increase your chances of finding a
job you like.”(拥有这些信息会增加你找到自己喜欢的工作的机会。)
作为上文的结论句，强调了这些信息的重要性。故选F。
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3.___
C
[解析] 根据本段开头“There are different kinds of career tests.”可
知，有很多不同类型的职业测试。选项C“Some ask questions
about your personal interests and attitudes.”(有些测试会问一些关
于你的个人兴趣爱好和态度的问题。)承接上文内容，指出一些类型
的测试，与下文介绍其他类型的测试并列。故选C。
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4.___
G
[解析] 根据空后内容“Their answers are analysed and divided up
between six different types of work personalities…for each type.”
可推测，空处指的是某个测试内容。选项G“One popular test asks
the participants to grade their preferences for different work
tasks.”(一个流行的测试要求参与者给他们对不同工作任务的喜好进
行评分。)正是一个测试的内容，能引出下文。故选G。
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5.___
E
[解析] 根据空前内容“In conclusion, career tests are clearly a very
useful tool.”可知，上文总结了职业测试是一种有用的工具。选项
E“However, it is important to remember that they are only
meant for guidance.”(然而，重要的是要记住它们只是用来指导的。)
与上文内容形成转折，提醒读者职业测试的结果并不是决定性的，
而是作为参考和指导，从而自然引出下文“The secret to a good
career is finding something that you are passionate about.”。故
选E。
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Ⅴ语法填空［2024·广东惠州高二期末］
“Lean a bit to the left, face up, and give me a smile.” In a
busy photo studio, Wang Xin 1.________ (flexible) changes his
position, moving the camera to find the best angle and pausing
from time to time to adjust the lighting.
As 2.____ experienced portrait photographer, Wang is well
aware that skills are fundamental but communication is more
important. By 3._________ (chat) with his customers in a friendly
tone, he is able to put those camera-shy people at ease, which
allows him 4._________ (figure) out the perfect moment to click.
flexibly
an
chatting
to figure
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The 55-year-old took up photography in 1986 when it
5.__________ (see) by many as an admired profession and
photographers were held in high esteem. Among his numerous
memorable 6.____________ (experience) is clicking the
photographs of the family of Guo Chuan, the famous Chinese
sailor 7._________ is thought to have fallen overboard while
sailing in the high seas in 2016. After the tragedy, Guo's wife
and their children visit the studio every year to take a set of
photographs 8.___ memory of Guo. Wang witnesses the
9.________ (grow) of Guo's children and their love for their
father.
was seen
experiences
who/that
in
growth
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Despite the advancement in photography technology and
the changing definition of beauty, Wang remains passionate
about self-improvement 10._____ sticks to capturing genuine
moments on his camera.
and
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了肖像摄影师王欣
热衷于摄影，并坚持自我提升的故事。
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1.________
flexibly
[解析] 考查副词。空处修饰动词changes，应用副词flexibly，作状语。
故填flexibly。
2.____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。结合句意可知，此处表示作为一名有经验的肖像
摄影师，空处应用不定冠词，experienced是发音以元音音素开头的
形容词，应用an。故填an。
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3._________
chatting
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处在介词by后作宾语，应用动名词
chatting。故填chatting。
4._________
to figure
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth为固定搭配，表示“允
许某人做某事”。故填to figure。
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5.__________
was seen
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in 1986以及
句中took up和were held可知，句子使用一般过去时，see与主语
it(指代photography)之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是it，
be动词使用was。故填was seen。
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6.____________
experiences
[解析] 考查名词复数。experience在此处意为“经历”，是可数名词，
由numerous修饰，数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填experiences。
7._________
who/that
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the
famous Chinese sailor，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，可
使用关系代词who/that引导从句。故填who/that。
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8.___
in
[解析] 考查介词。in memory of意为“为了纪念”，是固定搭配。故
填in。
9.________
growth
[解析] 考查名词。此处作动词witnesses的宾语，应用名词growth，
意为“成长”。故填growth。
10._____
and
[解析] 考查连词。此处sticks to与空前remains并列，连接两个并列
的谓语，应用并列连词and。故填and。
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