2026北师大版高中英语必修第二册练习--UNIT 5　Part 4　LESSON 3　RACE TO THE POLE（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2026北师大版高中英语必修第二册
Part 4　LESSON 3　RACE TO THE POLE
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.In terms of a person's good qualities, we value 　　　　(诚实) and generosity most.
2.(2025重庆市第八中学校期末)That evening, as they walked home, Linda's father praised her for her 　　　　(勇敢).
3.(2022全国甲)In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six 　　　　(大洲).
4.No one will ever know what mix of talent, 　　　　(雄心), energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.
5.The elephant had heard the 　　　　(远处的) alarm calls of animals and its mood suddenly changed.　
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Basically, one's success is based 　　　　　 how hard he has tried.
2.In preparation 　　　　　 lectures, I urge you to do some reading.
3.After her colleagues had talked with her several times, she became a bit more 　　　　　(cheer).
4.　　　　　(anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn't fit.
5.The two countries are going to meet to break 　　　　　 some trade barriers between them.
6.Chinese scientists have made important contributions to the field of space 　　　　　(explore).
7.The route 　　　　　(measure) five kilometers, from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain.
8.Over the past years, the company 　　　　　(promote) its new products through various marketing strategies.
9.Before we left, we had a photograph 　　　　　(take) together.
10.It is said that Mr. Smith was the first 　　　　　(leave) on September 10th.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
在提示词后加合适的后缀完成下列句子
1.He ran 　　　　　(quick) and caught up with his classmates.
2.We can get much of the 　　　　　(inform) from the Internet.
3.The girl was very 　　　　　(care) in picking the beans on the ground, thus winning praise.
4.We should try our best to 　　　　　(beauty) our country.
5.They are sure that they can 　　　　　(real) their dreams.
6.When we do sports, we should know some 　　　　　(base) rules.
7.They get the teacher's 　　　　　(encourage) and feel very inspired.
8.She was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's 　　　　　(suffer) so much that she was able to keep him alive for an 　　　　　(addition) five months.
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1.当听到主人的声音时,这条狗冲了出去。(完全倒装;rush)
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(读后续写—情节描写)
2.他们从不离开他们居住的地方。(定语从句)
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
On 1 June, 1910, Captain Scott began his journey 　1　 Antarctica.At the same time, the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was also going south. During the polar summer, both teams organised food bases in 　2　(prepare) for their journeys. Amundsen reached the South Pole first. Then he prepared for the return journey. Scott 　3　(final) arrived at the Pole. They 　4　(shock) when they saw the Norwegian flag. Scott wrote sadly in his diary: “Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our 　5　(dream).”
　　The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration. The weather conditions were terrible. Scott realised their 　6　(hope) situation: “What each man feels in his heart I can only guess. Pulling on foot gear in the morning is getting slower and slower.” Then a terrible storm started. Scott spent some of his last hours 　7　(write). He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife. The news of Scott's death shocked 　8　 world.He had failed 　9　(win) the race to the Pole, but the extraordinary courage 　10　 was showed by Captain Scott and his men made them heroes.
1.　　　　　2.　　　　　3.　　　　　4.　　　　　5.　　　　　
6.　　　　　7.　　　　　8.　　　　　9.　　　　　10.　　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024广西柳州阶段练习)
For many years, human beings have been trying to conquer nature, but never succeeded. What's worse, nature has got angry. It often shows　1　(it) power and teaches human beings different lessons in various 　2　(way), such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, sandstorms, typhoons, droughts, landslides, tornadoes, and volcanic eruptions. Any of them can cause terrible disasters. For example, on March 11, 2011, 　3　 huge earthquake struck Japan, 　4　(cause) a terrible tsunami. Many cars, ships and buildings 　5　(ruin) by a ten-metre-high wall of water. Thousands of people were confirmed dead. The total energy released by the quake was equivalent to the explosion of 6.7 trillion tons of TNT, 　6　 is about a thousand times the total power of all the world's nuclear weapons. Another event was the “huge volcanic eruption in Iceland” in 2010. It caused enormous damage to air travel across western and northern Europe because 　7　 the large quantities of volcanic ash. All of these show how 　8　(power) nature is.
Compared with the great power of nature, human beings are so weak and even so helpless in the face of the destruction caused by natural disasters. It would be unwise of us　9　(fight) against or even try to conquer nature. On the contrary, we should try to learn how to live with nature 　10　(peaceful).
1.　　　　　2.　　　　　3.　　　　　4.　　　　　5.　　　　
6.　　　　　7.　　　　　8.　　　　　9.　　　　　10.　　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
It happened on a rainy Saturday morning last month. My wife Catherine and I were driving along what some people called Moose Alley(驼鹿谷). It was so early that there were few cars on the road. Suddenly, something happened. A moose jumped out across our path. I had been driving for years and was good at driving. In order to avoid knocking into the moose, I made a quick turn to the other lane. If I had not done that, the moose might have been killed, and my wife and I might have got injured, too. A few seconds later, when I stopped and looked at my rear-view mirror, the moose was getting up and then ran into the bush. Shaken but fine, we both looked at each other with a surprised expression.
From then on, I often thought about the relationship between humans and wildlife. We know that animal species have appeared and disappeared continually since life began on the Earth. It is quite natural. However, animal species have been decreasing at a much faster rate for about a century now due to human factors(因素) such as pollution.
Some philosophers and scientists keep repeating that if we don't save animals, how we will be able to save ourselves. A better knowledge of animals gives us a better understanding of our own species. The will to protect animals and nature in general shows the value of a society. And all animals play roles in nature and have a right to survive. Therefore, I think we should try our best to save endangered animals, because humans cannot live on the Earth alone.
1.What happened on a rainy Saturday morning last month
A.The author's wife and he were both injured in the accident.
B.The author's car knocked into a moose running across the path.
C.A moose was killed because it hit the author's car.
D.With the author's good driving skills, they successfully avoided hitting a moose.
2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the main factor of the decrease in animal species
A.Pollution.　 B.Overhunting. C.Earthquakes. D.Overfishing.
3.What's the main idea of the passage
A.No animal, no human.
B.Focus on animal activities all the time.
C.Human activities must be stopped.
D.Animals are more important than humans.
B
(2025安徽天一大联考期中)
The air quality in the United States has started to decline(下降) over the past few years, according to the Environmental Protection Agency's “Our Nation's Air” report. The agency reported a nearly 38 percent increase in unhealthy air days nationwide, rising from 596 days in 2022 to 822 days in 2023.
The report shows that people in the U.S. experienced the most days with “very unhealthy” air quality due to particle(颗粒) pollution in the last 25 years. It also found that 131 million people are living in areas with unhealthy levels of air pollution.
The reasons for the recent decline in air quality remain unclear, says the agency, but may be related to high numbers of wildfires, a warming climate, and more things people are using as the population grows and the economy gets stronger.
Poor air quality kills people. Worldwide, bad outdoor air caused around 4.2 million unnatural deaths in 2016, about 90 percent of them in low- and middle-income(收入) countries. Indoor smoke is an ongoing health problem for the 3 billion people who cook and heat their homes. Air pollution has been linked to higher rates of cancer, heart disease, strokes, and lung disease. Air pollution can also cause short-term problems such as sneezing and coughing, and headaches.
Though many living things naturally give off carbon dioxide when they breathe, human activities such as burning fossil fuels in cars, planes, and power plants will significantly increase its emission(排放). That in turn causes climate change, which, as previously mentioned, may be linked to the recent decline in air quality.
4.What is the main finding of the report mentioned in the first two paragraphs
A.A great decline in air quality.　　　　
B.A small drop in people's quality of life.
C.A small increase in unhealthy air days.　　　　
D.A major reduction in air pollution incidents.
5.How does the report get the result
A.By collecting examples.　　　　B.By asking questions.
C.By doing online surveys.　　　　D.By comparing data.
6.What might be a cause of the situation according to the text
A.A decrease in wildfires.　　　　B.Decreased car usage on roads.
C.Rising global temperatures.　　　　D.Popularity of speeches.
7.How has poor air quality affected people
A.It has put people's life at risk.
B.It has caused a change in the climate.
C.It has encouraged people's need for indoor heating fuels.
D.It has improved the air quality in low- and middle-income countries.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE
Part 4　LESSON 3　RACE TO THE POLE
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.honesty　2.bravery　3.continents　4.ambition　5.distant
Ⅱ.1.on　考查介词。be based on...表示“以……为基础(或根据)”,故填on。句意:基本上,一个人的成功以他的努力程度为基础。
2.for　考查固定搭配。句意:为了准备演讲,我力劝你们做一些阅读。 in preparation for...表示“为……做准备”。
3.cheerful　考查形容词。设空处作表语,结合空前的a bit more可知,此处应用形容词,故填cheerful。
4.Anxiously　考查副词。句意:她焦急地从包裹里拿出那件连衣裙试穿,却发现它不合身。根据句意可知此处用副词作状语。
5.down　考查固定短语。句意:这两个国家将举行会谈,以消除它们之间的一些贸易壁垒。break down表示“消除”,故填down。
6.exploration　考查名词。句意:中国科学家在太空探索领域做出了重要贡献。根据句意可知,此处应用名词exploration,space exploration意为“太空探索”。
7.measures　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。measure表示“有……长(宽、高等)”时是连系动词,此处陈述一般事实,应用一般现在时,主语为The route,是第三人称单数形式,故填measures。句意:路线长五公里,从我们学校的大门口到南山脚下。
8.has promoted　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处是句子的谓语,由Over the past years可知,此处应用现在完成时,表示动作从过去一直持续到现在,主语the company是单数形式,助动词应用has。故填has promoted。句意:在过去的几年里,该公司通过各种营销策略推广其新产品。
9.taken　考查过去分词。句意:离开之前,我们一起照了张相片。此处为“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,名词 photograph与动词take之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语,故填taken。
10.to leave　考查动词不定式。句意:据说史密斯先生是9月10日第一个离开的。the first to do sth.表示“第一个做某事的”,the first后常用不定式作后置定语。
类比启发
　　一般当中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时,多用不定式作后置定语。
Ⅲ.1.quickly　2.information　3.careful　4.beautify
5.realise　6.basic　7.encouragement　8.suffering;additional
Ⅳ.1.Out rushed the dog when it heard its master's voice.
2.They never leave the place where they live.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.to　考查介词。句意:1910年6月1日,斯科特上校开始了他的南极之旅。此处表示通往某地,应用介词to。
2.preparation　考查名词。句意:在极地的夏季,两支队伍都组织了食物基地,为他们的旅行做准备。in preparation for...表示“为……做准备”,为固定短语。
3.finally　考查副词。句意:斯科特终于到达了南极。设空处修饰动词arrived,所以此处用副词作状语。
4.were shocked　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:他们看到挪威国旗时都惊呆了。They与shock之间为被动关系,且由上下文可知,此处应用一般过去时,主语They为复数,故填were shocked。
5.dreams　考查名词复数。dream为可数名词,根据空前的most of our的提示可知此处用名词复数。
6.hopeless　考查形容词。句意:斯科特意识到他们绝望的处境……。设空处修饰名词situation,应用形容词,由上一句可知天气状况很糟糕,所以此处用hopeless,表示“绝望的”。
7.writing　考查动名词。句意:斯科特把他最后的几个小时用来写信。此处为“sb. spend(s)+时间+(in) doing sth.”结构,所以用动名词。
8.the　考查冠词。句意:斯科特的死讯震惊了世界。 world意为“世界”时,其前常用定冠词the。
9.to win　考查动词不定式。fail to do sth.表示“未能做成某事”,故填to win。
10.that/which　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,分析句子可知,“　10　 was showed by Captain Scott and his men”为定语从句,修饰先行词courage(指物),设空处在从句中作主语。故填that或which。　
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。作者通过历史上比较严重的自然灾害向人们表明人类不应试图征服自然,应与自然和平共处。
【高频词汇】　1.power n.力量;能力;权力　2.strike v.侵袭;爆发;突然想到;碰;撞击　3.confirm v.证实,证明;使确信　4.release v.释放;放开　5.compared with...与……相比　6.fight against...对抗……　7.on the contrary与此相反
【差距词汇】　1.conquer v.征服　2.equivalent adj.相等的,相同的　3.enormous adj.巨大的;极大的
1.its　考查代词。设空处修饰名词power,应用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
2.ways　考查名词复数。空前为various,表示“各种各样的”,此处way表示“方式,方法”,为可数名词,所以应用复数形式,故填ways。
3.a　考查冠词。earthquake是可数名词的单数形式,此处表示泛指,设空处应用不定冠词,huge的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
4.causing　考查现在分词。句中已有谓语struck,设空处应用非谓语动词,根据语境可知此处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词作结果状语,故填causing。
5.were ruined　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述过去的事情,主语“Many cars, ships and buildings”与ruin之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是复数形式,所以谓语也应用复数形式。故填were ruined。
6.which　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,“　6　 is about a thousand times...weapons”中缺少主语,所以推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词the explosion of 6.7 trillion tons of TNT指物,故填which。
7.of　考查介词。空后为名词短语the large quantities of volcanic ash,because of后跟名词或名词短语,故填of。
8.powerful　考查形容词。设空处作表语,说明名词nature的特征,应用形容词,powerful意为“强大的”,故填powerful。
9.to fight　考查不定式。“It is+形容词+of sb. to do...”是固定句型,意为“某人做某事是……的”,其中It是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式,故填to fight。
10.peacefully　考查副词。设空处修饰动词live,应用副词,故填peacefully。
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的车差点儿跟一头驼鹿相撞,从那以后,作者开始思考人类与野生动物之间的关系,他认为保护动物就是保护人类自己。
【高频词汇】　1.avoid v.避免　2.injured adj.受伤的;有伤的　3.expression n.表情;表示;表达　4.from then on从那时起　5.decrease v.减少　6.in general从总体上看;通常;大体上　7.right n.权利
【差距词汇】　1.lane n.车道　2.philosopher n.哲学家
长难句
原句　Some philosophers and scientists keep repeating that if we don't save animals, how we will be able to save ourselves.
分析　本句是一个主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句,作repeating的宾语,在该从句中,if引导条件状语从句。因为该宾语从句是一个主从复合句且其从句位于主句之前,所以该宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。
译文　一些哲学家和科学家一直重复,如果我们不拯救动物,我们将如何能拯救我们自己呢
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I had been driving for years and was good at driving.In order to avoid knocking into the moose, I made a quick turn to the other lane...when I stopped and looked...the moose was getting up and then ran into the bush.”可知,在上个月一个下雨的星期六早上,作者凭借出色的驾驶技术,成功避免撞上一头驼鹿。故选D。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“animal species have been decreasing at a much faster rate for about a century now due to human factors(因素) such as pollution”可知,动物种类减少主要是由一些人为因素造成的,“地震”属于自然因素。故选C。
3.A　主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了作者凭借出色的驾驶技术,成功避免撞上一头驼鹿的事;第二段介绍了作者开始思考人类与动物的关系,同时指出一些人为因素造成动物种类不断减少;第三段讲述了拯救动物的重要性,拯救地球上的动物就是拯救人类自己。综上所述,文章主要是告诉我们动物和人类息息相关,拯救动物就是拯救人类,A项(没有动物就没有人类)符合文章主旨。故选A。
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了美国空气质量下降的问题及原因,并探讨了空气污染对人类健康的影响。
【高频词汇】　1.quality n.质量　2.unhealthy adj.不健康的;有害健康的　3.due to由于,因为　4.be related to...与……有关　5.be linked to...与……有关　6.disease n.疾病
【熟词生义】　plant 熟义:n.植物　生义:n.发电厂;工厂
【差距词汇】　1.ongoing adj.持续存在的　2.fossil fuel n.化石燃料
4.A　细节理解题。根据前两段,尤其是第一段第一句“The air quality in the United States has started to decline over the past few years...”可知,报告的主要发现是空气质量的下降。故选A。
5.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The agency reported a nearly 38 percent increase in unhealthy air days nationwide, rising from 596 days in 2022 to 822 days in 2023.”可知,报告通过数据对比得出了结果。故选D。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段“The reasons for the recent decline in air quality...may be related to high numbers of wildfires, a warming climate, and more things people are using as the population grows and the economy gets stronger.”可知,导致这种情况的原因之一可能是全球气温的上升。故选C。
7.A　细节理解题。根据第四段,尤其是第一句“Poor air quality kills people.”可知,空气质量差对人们的影响是将人们的生命置于危险之中。故选A。
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