Period Two Using language
语言精讲
(1)①replacement ②replaced (2)was replaced with/by excitement
语法探究
【自主发现】
关系代词;介词+关系代词
语法归纳
【实战演练】
1.most of which are located
2.with whom I hoped to share
3.without which he could hardly see anything
4.one of which was written
5.from whom I learned a lotPeriod Two Using language
Ⅰ. 1.which 2.whom 3.which 4.whose 5.for
6.with 7.whose 8.to 9.without 10.about
Ⅱ.1.both of which I like very much 2.in which many students are interested 3.to whom I will turn for help
4.for which he refused our help
5.with whom we had a wonderful/great discussion
Ⅲ. 【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种自然灾害。
1.events 考查名词复数。event是可数名词,主语natural disasters表示复数意义,故用名词复数作表语,表泛指,故填events。
2.and 考查连词。harm,destroy和take是三个并列的谓语动词,使用and连接,故填and。
3.shakes 考查时态和主谓一致。句子是在描述一个客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语ground表示单数意义,谓语动词使用单数,故填shakes。
4.to fall 考查非谓语动词。cause…to do sth意为“导致……做某事”,故填to fall。
5.powerful 考查形容词。空处修饰名词短语natural disaster,使用形容词作定语,故填powerful。
6.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是heavy rain,关系词在从句中作主语,使用关系代词which引导,故填which。
7.to 考查介词。from…to…“从……到……”,固定短语,故填to。
8.usually 考查副词。空处作状语修饰后面的介词短语,应用副词作状语,故填usually。
9.learning 考查非谓语动词。空处作介词宾语,应用动名词形式,故填learning。
10.ourselves 考查反身代词。空处作宾语,和主语是同一指代对象,使用反身代词,故填ourselves。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了四名哥伦比亚土著儿童在雨林中依靠传统知识生存40天最终获救的故事。
1.D 根据本句句首的转折词和后文they survived可知,这些孩子的确经历了这样的事情,所以这是现实。故选D。hope希望;responsibility责任;punishment惩罚;reality现实。
2.A 根据后文“Many around the world have taken this survival story to be a…”可知,文章讲述的是飞机失事后被困在丛林里的四个孩子幸存下来的故事。故选A。story故事;report报告;place地方;celebration庆祝。
3.B 根据后文“Their plane experienced engine problems…”可知,他们乘坐的是飞机。故选B。play玩;fly乘飞机;explore探索;rest休息。
4.A 根据后文“For two weeks, bad weather prevented the army from…the crash site.”可知,飞机遭遇了事故,失去了踪迹。故选A。go missing失踪;speed up加速;take off起飞;circle around绕圈。
5.C 根据后文“They found three adults there later…”可知,此处指军队因天气状况不佳未能及时找到失事地点。故选C。record记录;choose选择;find找到;rebuild重建。
6.A 根据后文“How did these children survive conditions that would be…for most adults ”可知,三个成年人,包括孩子们的母亲,被找到时都已经死了。故选A。dead死的;late迟的;tired累的;asleep睡着的。
7.D 根据前文“…surviving a plane crash only to be left in a rainforest with no way of contacting the outside world.”可知,孩子们在热带雨林且无法与外界联系的环境中生存了下来,这在大多数成年人看来都是难以想象的。故选D。normal正常的;favourable有利的;unreasonable不合理的;unimaginable难以想象的。
8.A 根据前文“They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous (土著的) group…”及后文“They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be…”可知,这些孩子在热带雨林中长大,所以他们对热带雨林有全面的了解。故选A。raise抚养;catch抓住;protect保护;lose失去。
9.C 根据后文“They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be…”及“…while others point out that it is the result of an ancient and thorough knowledge of the…that has been passed down through indigenous communities over the generations.”可知,他们有对热带雨林全面的了解。故选C。control控制;map地图;knowledge知识;view观点。
10.B 根据前文“They know which fruits are safe to eat…”及后文“They survived on a fruit called juan soco and seeds…”可知,他们知道哪些果实可以安全食用,哪些植物不安全应该避免。故选B。study学习;avoid避免;plant种植;sell卖。
11.D 根据后文“And after 40 days of…the army found the children and took them to recover at a military hospital in the city of Bogota.”可知,此处指孩子们努力求生。故选D。villager村民;media媒体;government政府;child孩子。
12.B 根据前文“…the Colombian army worked with indigenous volunteers to find them.”及空后“…the army found the children and took them to recover at a military hospital in the city of Bogota.”可知,此处指军队搜寻了40天才找到孩子们。故选B。wait等待;search搜寻;recovery恢复;practice练习。
13.C 根据前文“They survived on a fruit called juan soco and seeds, and fed the baby water mixed with flour from the plane.”及“And after 40 days of…the army found the children and took them to recover at a military hospital in the city of Bogota.”可知,飞机失事后,四个孩子其中还有一个婴儿在雨林中度过了四十天,直到军队发现了他们,许多人认为这是一个奇迹。故选C。joke笑话;secret秘密;wonder奇迹;challenge挑战。
14.B 根据前文“They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous (土著的) group…”可知,这几个孩子是土著人,他们对森林的了解让他们活了下来。故选B。 world世界;forest森林;village村庄;tradition传统。
15.C 根据前文“Indigenous groups’ deep respect for the forest…”以及整个故事可知,他们对热带雨林的深深的敬意无疑帮助孩子们生存了下来。故选C。surprisingly令人惊讶地;possibly可能地;undoubtedly毫无疑问地;unavoidably不可避免地。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何种植植物。
1.G 上文“If you’ve ever had an indoor plant that’s quickly withered (枯萎), you might believe that you don’t have a green thumb or you’re not cut out for growing plants.”提到,你可能会认为自己没有园艺天赋或不适合养植物。接下来需要一个转折来反驳这一观点,从而引出下文“The truth is that anyone can be a good plant owner.”的主题。选项G起到承上启下的作用,符合语境。故选G。
2.D 上文“If your soil is either too dry or overwatered, it can damage the plant’s roots.”提到,土壤过干或过湿会损害植物的根部。结合选项可知,选项D既总结了上文提到的土壤问题对植物生长的不利影响,又与段首的“Keep potting soil moist(湿润的), but not wet.”相呼应,强调了保持土壤适当湿润的重要性。故选D。
3.E 上文“Plants require sunlight in order to undergo photosynthesis (光合作用).”提到,植物需要阳光进行光合作用,但接下来的内容却是在讲避免阳光直射。因此,需要一个过渡句来连接这两部分。选项E既承接了上文提到的阳光需求,又引出了下文的间接光照建议。故选E。
4.F 此空位于段首,需要概括本段的主题。根据该段下文“There are a variety of online materials you can find that will detail how you should care for the specific type of house plant you own…”可知,本段主要讨论的是了解植物的分类和养护需求。选项F概括了本段的主题。故选F。
5.A 根据“For example, Chinese evergreen or painted drop tongue is commonly seen in public displays.”可知,本段以Chinese evergreen or painted drop tongue为例,说明了这种植物容易养护。选项A正好总结了这种植物的特点,符合语境。故选A。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋仍是未知领域,人类仅探索了它的5%。新技术助力科学家研究深海,如用DeepSea探测海底山,并发现可能治病的物种以及通过深海探索可以揭示海啸成因。
1.has been explored 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,句中存在时间状语so far,因此使用现在完成时,主语only 5 percent of it表示单数含义,与动词explore之间为被动关系,根据主谓一致原则可知,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been explored。
2.than 考查介词。分析句子可知,more是much的比较级,表示程度上的“更多”,more+than是比较级结构,用于比较两者的差异。故填than。
3.hidden 考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰worlds,应用形容词hidden“隐藏的”。故填hidden。
4.an 考查冠词。vehicle为可数名词,此处表示“一种水下探测器”,为泛指,且underwater的发音以元音音素开头,因此使用不定冠词an。故填an。
5.variety 考查固定短语。分析句子可知,a variety of是固定搭配,意为“多种多样的”,修饰可数名词复数,这里使用vary的名词形式variety。故填variety。
6.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是chemicals,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,因此使用that或which引导定语从句。故填that/which。
7.deepest 考查最高级。根据下文11,000 metres deep可知,这里表示最深的地方,需要使用形容词最高级修饰名词location。故填deepest。
8.roughly 考查副词。rough是形容词,表示“大概的”,这里需要使用副词形式表示“大约”,强调数字是估算值,而非精确的测量结果。故填roughly。
9.to complete 考查动词不定式。“the+序数词+to do sth”是固定搭配,表示某人在顺序上的排名以及完成某一动作。故填to complete。
10.in 考查固定短语。in other ways表示“在其他方面”,是固定搭配,在句中作状语。故填in。Period Two Using language
replace v. 以……替换,更换;接替,取代;放回原处
(教材P86)In sentence(a), can we replace “in which” with “where” without changing the meaning 在(a)句中,我们能否在不改变意思的情况下用“where”代替“in which”
(1)replace…with/by… 用……替换……
(2)replacement n. 代替
(3)take sb’s place=take the place of sb
取代/代替某人
in one’s place=in place of sb 取代/代替某人
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2021·全国乙卷] We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee (replace) operation.
②We had our roof (replace) yesterday, for it always leaked when it rained.
(2)写作金句
(读后续写之表情描写)The anxiety on his face as the doctor gave him the good news.
医生告诉他这个好消息时,他脸上的焦虑被兴奋所取代。
阅读以下有关“保护自然”的短文,感知加黑部分,并回答其后的问题。
The earth, our only home, provides us with everything ①that we need. Among its many beautiful places, there are forests, ②in which various animals live, worth protecting. People ③who cherish nature often take action to safeguard it. As we all know, there was a time, ④during which people didn’t fully appreciate the significance of nature protection and carried out activities ⑤that were harmful to it. However, now we should understand that only by protecting nature, ⑥for which we are all responsible, can we ensure a better life for ourselves and future generations.
【自主发现】
以上语段中,①③⑤为 引导的定语从句,②④⑥为“ ”引导的定语从句。
定语从句之“介词+关系代词”
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是一个难点,也是高考的重要考点。其使用的关系代词一般是which,whom,在句中既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
一、基本用法
当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语时,可以用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果先行词为人,用“介词+whom”;如果先行词为物,用“介词+which”。who和that不能用于此结构。如:
①The man with whom you shared your ideas just now is our new headmaster.
刚才和你交流意见的那个人是我们新来的校长。
②He bought many newspapers and magazines on which he spent almost all his money.
他买了许多报纸和杂志,几乎把他所有的钱都花在那些东西上面了。
二、介词的选择
1.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定。如:
①In his room, we saw a big bookcase in which there were a variety of books.
在他的房间里,我们看见一个大书柜里面放着各种书。(in the bookcase)
②Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems.
昨天我们开了一个会,会上我们讨论了许多问题。(at the meeting)
2.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词的搭配确定。如:
①The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.
我对着说话的那个人起先没有回答。(speak to)
②The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
西湖是个美丽的地方,杭州以此而闻名。(be famous for)
3.根据句子的意思确定。如:
Water is of great importance, without which people cannot live. 水是很重要的,没有它人们就无法生存。(without water)
三、“介词+关系代词”的特殊用法
1.“whose+n.”引导的定语从句可以用“the+n.+of+关系代词”或“of+关系代词+the+n.”替换。如:
The building, whose roof/the roof of which/of which the roof we can see from here, is a hotel.
那幢大楼是一个旅馆,从这儿我们可以看见它的屋顶。
2.“代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构
“介词+关系代词”前使用不定代词(all,both,none,neither,many,few,the rest等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the+最高级/比较级”等,用来表示整体中的一部分、数目等意义。如:
①There are fifty foreign students in our department, most of whom are from other Asian countries.
我们系一共有50名外国留学生,多数来自其他亚洲国家。
②He bought a lot of books the other day, many of which are for English learning.
前几天,他买了很多书,其中许多都是为了英语学习。
[温馨提示] 句式区分:定语从句和并列句
①Maria has written two novels and both of them have been made into television series. (句中使用了并列连词and,故整个句子为并列句)
②Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made into television series. (句中使用了关系代词which,故其引导定语从句)
玛丽亚写了两部小说,它们都被拍成了电视剧。
3.“复杂介词短语+关系代词”结构
常见的复杂介词短语有with one’s help,because of,in front of,as a result of,at the back of等。如:
①He was badly hurt in the accident, because of which he failed to go to work.
他在事故中严重受伤,因此,他没能去上班。
②They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a boy.
他们到达一个农舍,农舍前面坐着一个男孩。
【实战演练】
● 句型训练
1.One of the features of London is the number of big stores, (这些大商店大多数位于) in or near the West End.
2.Feeling lonely and sad, I was in desperate need of close friends, (我希望与他们分享) my happiness and sorrow.
3.When he woke up, the first thing he would do was reach for his glasses, (没有眼镜,他几乎什么也看不见).
4.We were required to read three novels in the winter vacation, (其中一部是……所著) by Mark Twain.
5.Mrs Amanda was my favourite teacher when I was in senior high school, (从她那里我学到了很多). Period Two Using language
●Ⅰ 单句填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分)
1.We had a meeting, the purpose of was completely unclear.
2.John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of were family members.
3.We’d better fix a date on we will practise speaking English next week.
4.Mr Smith, in supermarket we bought an iPad last week, will give us a report on management this evening.
5.His new car, which he paid 7, 000 pounds, has already had to be repaired.
6.The artist whom I worked on the project is creative, and we had a great time together.
7.Our English teacher,with help we made great progress in English, has completed 30 years of teaching.
8.I have many students whom I am going to send postcards.
9.He broke his glasses, which he couldn’t see anything.
10.The musician whom everyone is talking will present a show in our city next month.
●Ⅱ 句型训练(用介词+关系代词)(每小题3分,满分15分)
1.The school offers two elective courses, , so I’m really confused about which one to choose.
学校有两门选修课,我都很喜欢,所以我真的很困惑该选哪一门。
2.Handicraft class is a course .
手工课是很多学生都感兴趣的课程。
3.My father is the first person when I meet with difficulties.
当我遇到困难时,父亲是我第一个寻求帮助的人。
4.We don’t know the reason .
我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。
5.The teacher, ,
is very knowledgeable.
和我们进行了精彩讨论的那位老师知识渊博。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分)
[2025·山东淄博高一期中]
Natural disasters are 1. (event) caused by nature that can cause a lot of damage. They can harm the environment, destroy buildings, 2. even take lives. It’s important to know about them so we can be prepared.
A common natural disaster is the earthquake. Earthquakes happen when the ground 3. (shake) because of movements in the Earth’s crust (地壳). This shaking can cause buildings and roads 4. (fall) down, leading to injuries and deaths.
Another 5. (power) natural disaster is the hurricane. Hurricanes are strong storms that form over warm ocean waters. They bring heavy rain, 6. can cause flooding, and damage buildings, and strong winds. The Atlantic hurricane season is from June 7. November, and places like the Caribbean and the south-eastern United States are often affected.
Floods are another type of natural disaster that can happen almost anywhere. Flooding occurs when there is too much water, 8. (usual) from heavy rain, river overflowing, or melting snow. Floods can damage homes and roads.
Even though we cannot stop natural disasters, we can prepare for them. It’s important to follow safety guidelines, have an emergency kit ready, and stay informed about the risks in your area. By 9. (learn) about natural disasters, we can better protect 10. (we) and our communities.
●Ⅳ 完形填空(每小题1分,满分15分)
[2025·广东广州第六中学高一期中]
It’s most people’s terrible dream: surviving a plane crash only to be left in a rainforest with no way of contacting the outside world. But this was 1 for four Colombian children, and in an unbelievable 2 of knowledge and willpower, they survived.
The children, aged 13, nine and four, as well as an 11-month-old baby, were 3 with their mother. They were going to visit their father in the capital city. Their plane experienced engine problems and 4 on May 1, 2023. For two weeks, bad weather prevented the army from 5 the crash site. They found three adults there later, including the children’s mother, who were already 6 .
How did these children survive conditions that would be 7 for most adults They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous (土著的) group and were 8 in the rainforest. As such, they have a complete 9 of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be 10 . They survived on a fruit called juan soco and seeds, and fed the baby water mixed with flour from the plane.
While the 11 got on with the business of surviving, the Colombian army worked with indigenous volunteers to find them. And after 40 days of 12 , the army found the children and took them to recover at a military hospital in the city of Bogota.
Many around the world have taken this survival story to be a 13 , while others point out that it is the result of an ancient and thorough knowledge of the 14 that has been passed down through indigenous communities over the generations.
Indigenous groups’ deep respect for the forest 15 helped the children survive.
( )1.A.hope B.responsibility
C.punishment D.reality
( )2.A.story B.report
C.place D.celebration
( )3.A.playing B.flying
C.exploring D.resting
( )4.A.went missing B.sped up
C.took off D.circled around
( )5.A.recording B.choosing
C.finding D.rebuilding
( )6.A.dead B.late
C.tired D.asleep
( )7.A.normal B.favourable
C.unreasonable D.unimaginable
( )8.A.raised B.caught
C.protected D.lost
( )9.A.control B.map
C.knowledge D.view
( )10.A.studied B.avoided
C.planted D.sold
( )11.A.villagers B.media
C.government D.children
( )12.A.waiting B.searching
C.recovery D.practice
( )13.A.joke B.secret
C.wonder D.challenge
( )14.A.world B.forest
C.village D.tradition
( )15.A.surprisingly B.possibly
C.undoubtedly D.unavoidably
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
[2025·江苏无锡高一期中]
If you’ve ever had an indoor plant that’s quickly withered (枯萎), you might believe that you don’t have a green thumb or you’re not cut out for growing plants. 1. The truth is that anyone can be a good plant owner. Below, we’ll walk you through something you need to know to care for your indoor plants.
Keep potting soil moist (湿润的), but not wet. If your soil is either too dry or overwatered, it can damage the plant’s roots. 2. What you should do is follow guidelines on how often to water it by doing research on its specific type.Select an area in your house that gets sufficient sunlight. Plants require sunlight in order to undergo photosynthesis (光合作用). 3. Instead, give them plenty of indirect light by putting them in a well-lit room. Besides, don’t move your plants around a lot as plants adapt themselves to their surroundings fairly slowly.
4. There are a variety of online materials you can find that will detail how you should care for the specific type of house plant you own, including recommended humidity levels, sunlight exposure guidelines and watering guides.
Choose a plant that’s easy to care for. Certain tropical (热带的) plants require specific environments in order to survive, while other plants are easy to care for. For example, Chinese evergreen or painted drop tongue is commonly seen in public displays. 5. This kind of plant drops its lower leaves over time but can easily be rooted in water.
A.It is an easy low light plant.
B.Pay attention to their surroundings.
C.Sunshine is essential for their growth.
D.This will prevent the plant from growing.
E.Avoid putting the plants in direct sunlight.
F.Learn your plants’ classification at length.
G.We’re here to tell you that’s not the case!
●Ⅵ 语法填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分)
[2025·四川成都高一期中]
Today, much of the world’s ocean is still a mystery. Only 5 percent of it 1. (explore) so far. In fact, we know more about some areas of Mars 2. some parts of the world’s ocean.
New technology, however, is helping scientists explore these 3. (hide) worlds. For example, scientists are using 4. underwater vehicle called DeepSea to explore seamounts—underwater mountains.
Scientists have used DeepSea to study Las Gemelas, an area of seamounts near Costa Rica. A wide 5. (vary) of species live around Las Gemelas. Some of these species may have chemicals 6. can help people fight illnesses.
The 7. (deep) location of the earth is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. The ocean floor there is 8. (rough) 11,000 metres deep. In 2012, film-maker and explorer James Cameron reached the Mariana Trench in a vehicle called Deepsea Challenger. He was the first 9. (complete) the journey alone. Cameron took photos and made videos on the ocean floor. Deep-sea exploration also helps us 10. other ways. For example, we are learning how underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis. As Cameron says, “This is the beginning of opening up a new frontier.” (共67张PPT)
Period Two
Using language
语言精讲
语法探究
语法归纳
练习册
答案速查【导】
答案速查【练】
replace v. 以……替换，更换；接替，取代；放回原处
(教材P86)In sentence(a), can we replace “in which” with “where”
without changing the meaning 在(a)句中，我们能否在不改变意
思的情况下用“where”代替“in which”？
(1)replace…with/by… 用……替换……
(2)replacement n. 代替
(3)take sb's place=take the place of sb 取代/代替某人
in one's place=in place of sb取代/代替某人
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①［2021·全国乙卷］We had a woman patient who was
recovering from a knee ____________ (replace) operation.
②We had our roof _________ (replace) yesterday, for it always
leaked when it rained.
replacement
replaced
(2)写作金句
(读后续写之表情描写)The anxiety on his face _________________
_________________ as the doctor gave him the good news.
医生告诉他这个好消息时，他脸上的焦虑被兴奋所取代。
was replaced with/by excitement
阅读以下有关“保护自然”的短文，感知加黑部分，并回答其后的
问题。
The earth, our only home, provides us with everything ①
that we need. Among its many beautiful places, there are
forests, ②in which various animals live, worth protecting.
People ③who cherish nature often take action to safeguard it.
As we all know, there was a time, ④during which people
didn't fully appreciate the significance of nature protection
and carried out activities⑤that were harmful to it.
However, now we should understand that only by protecting
nature, ⑥for which we are all responsible, can we ensure a
better life for ourselves and future generations.
【自主发现】
以上语段中，①③⑤为__________引导的定语从句，②④⑥为
“_______________”引导的定语从句。
关系代词
介词+关系代词
定语从句之“介词+关系代词”
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是一个难点,也是高考的重要考
点。其使用的关系代词一般是which,whom,在句中既可以引导限制性
定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
一、基本用法
当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语时,可以用“介词+关系
代词”引导定语从句。如果先行词为人,用“介词+whom”;如果先行词
为物,用“介词+which”。who和that不能用于此结构。如:
①The man with whom you shared your ideas just now is our
new headmaster.
刚才和你交流意见的那个人是我们新来的校长。
②He bought many newspapers and magazines on which he
spent almost all his money.
他买了许多报纸和杂志,几乎把他所有的钱都花在那些东西上面了。
二、介词的选择
1.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定。如:
①In his room, we saw a big bookcase in which there were a
variety of books.
在他的房间里,我们看见一个大书柜里面放着各种书。
(in the bookcase)
②Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many
problems.
昨天我们开了一个会,会上我们讨论了许多问题。(at the meeting)
2.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词的搭配确定。如:
①The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.
我对着说话的那个人起先没有回答。(speak to)
②The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful
place.
西湖是个美丽的地方,杭州以此而闻名。(be famous for)
3.根据句子的意思确定。如:
Water is of great importance, without which people cannot
live. 水是很重要的,没有它人们就无法生存。(without water)
三、“介词+关系代词”的特殊用法
1.“whose+n.”引导的定语从句可以用“the+n.+of+关系代词”或“of+关
系代词+the+n.”替换。如:
The building, whose roof/the roof of which/of which the roof
we can see from here, is a hotel.
那幢大楼是一个旅馆,从这儿我们可以看见它的屋顶。
2.“代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构
“介词+关系代词”前使用不定代词(all,both,none,neither,many,few,the
rest等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the+最高级/比较级”等,用来表示
整体中的一部分、数目等意义。如:
①There are fifty foreign students in our department, most of
whom are from other Asian countries.
我们系一共有50名外国留学生,多数来自其他亚洲国家。
②He bought a lot of books the other day, many of which are
for English learning.
前几天,他买了很多书,其中许多都是为了英语学习。
［温馨提示］ 句式区分:定语从句和并列句
①Maria has written two novels and both of them have been
made into television series. (句中使用了并列连词and,故整个句子
为并列句)
②Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made
into television series. (句中使用了关系代词which,故其引导定语从
句)
玛丽亚写了两部小说,它们都被拍成了电视剧。
3.“复杂介词短语+关系代词”结构
常见的复杂介词短语有with one's help,because of,in front of,as a
result of,at the back of等。如:
①He was badly hurt in the accident, because of which he
failed to go to work.
他在事故中严重受伤,因此,他没能去上班。
②They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a boy.
他们到达一个农舍,农舍前面坐着一个男孩。
【实战演练】
句型训练
1.One of the features of London is the number of big stores,
__________________________ (这些大商店大多数位于) in or near
the West End.
most of which are located
2.Feeling lonely and sad, I was in desperate need of close
friends, ____________________________ (我希望与他们分享) my
happiness and sorrow.
with whom I hoped to share
3.When he woke up, the first thing he would do was reach for
his glasses, __________________________________________
(没有眼镜,他几乎什么也看不见).
without which he could hardly see anything
4.We were required to read three novels in the winter vacation,
_________________________ (其中一部是……所著) by Mark
Twain.
one of which was written
5.Mrs Amanda was my favourite teacher when I was in senior
high school, __________________________ (从她那里我学到了很
多).
from whom I learned a lot
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单句填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1.We had a meeting, the purpose of _______ was completely
unclear.
which
2.John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of _______
were family members.
whom
3.We'd better fix a date on _______ we will practise speaking
English next week.
which
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.Mr Smith, in _______ supermarket we bought an iPad last
week, will give us a report on management this evening.
whose
5.His new car, ____ which he paid 7, 000 pounds, has already
had to be repaired.
for
6.The artist _____ whom I worked on the project is creative,
and we had a great time together.
with
7.Our English teacher,with _______ help we made great progress
in English, has completed 30 years of teaching.
whose
8.I have many students ____ whom I am going to send
postcards.
to
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.He broke his glasses, ________ which he couldn't see anything.
without
10.The musician _______ whom everyone is talking will present
a show in our city next month.
about
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ 句型训练(用介词+关系代词)(每小题3分，满分15分)
1.The school offers two elective courses, _____________________
__________, so I'm really confused about which one to choose.
学校有两门选修课，我都很喜欢，所以我真的很困惑该选哪一门。
both of which I like very much
2.Handicraft class is a course ________________________________
_________.
手工课是很多学生都感兴趣的课程。
in which many students are interested
3.My father is the first person ____________________________
when I meet with difficulties.
当我遇到困难时,父亲是我第一个寻求帮助的人。
to whom I will turn for help
1
2
3
4
5
4.We don't know the reason _____________________________.
我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。
for which he refused our help
5.The teacher, _____________________________________________,
is very knowledgeable.
和我们进行了精彩讨论的那位老师知识渊博。
with whom we had a wonderful/great discussion
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ 语篇填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
［2025·山东淄博高一期中］
Natural disasters are 1._______ (event) caused by nature
that can cause a lot of damage. They can harm the
environment, destroy buildings, 2._____ even take lives. It's
important to know about them so we can be prepared.
A common natural disaster is the earthquake. Earthquakes
happen when the ground 3._______ (shake) because of
movements in the Earth's crust (地壳).
events
and
shakes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
This shaking can cause buildings and roads 4._______ (fall)
down, leading to injuries and deaths.
Another 5._________ (power) natural disaster is the
hurricane. Hurricanes are strong storms that form over warm
ocean waters. They bring heavy rain, 6._______ can cause
flooding, and damage buildings, and strong winds. The Atlantic
hurricane season is from June 7.____ November, and places like
the Caribbean and the south-eastern United States are often
affected.
to fall
powerful
which
to
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Floods are another type of natural disaster that can happen
almost anywhere. Flooding occurs when there is too much water,
8.________ (usual) from heavy rain, river overflowing, or melting
snow. Floods can damage homes and roads.
Even though we cannot stop natural disasters, we can
prepare for them. It's important to follow safety guidelines, have
an emergency kit ready, and stay informed about the risks in
your area. By 9._________ (learn) about natural disasters, we can
better protect 10.__________ (we) and our communities.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种自然灾害。
usually
learning
ourselves
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1._______
events
[解析] 考查名词复数。event是可数名词，主语natural disasters表示
复数意义，故用名词复数作表语，表泛指，故填events。
2._____
and
[解析] 考查连词。harm，destroy和take是三个并列的谓语动词，使
用and连接，故填and。
3._______
shakes
[解析] 考查时态和主谓一致。句子是在描述一个客观事实，使用一
般现在时，主语ground表示单数意义，谓语动词使用单数，故填
shakes。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4._______
to fall
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。cause…to do sth意为“导致……做某事”，
故填to fall。
5._________
powerful
[解析] 考查形容词。空处修饰名词短语natural disaster，使用形容
词作定语，故填powerful。
6._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是heavy
rain，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词which引导，故填which。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7.____
to
[解析] 考查介词。from…to…“从……到……”，固定短语，故填to。
8.________
usually
[解析] 考查副词。空处作状语修饰后面的介词短语，应用副词作状
语，故填usually。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9._________
learning
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处作介词宾语，应用动名词形式，故填
learning。
10.__________
ourselves
[解析] 考查反身代词。空处作宾语，和主语是同一指代对象，使用
反身代词，故填ourselves。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅳ 完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
［2025·广东广州第六中学高一期中］
It's most people's terrible dream: surviving a plane crash
only to be left in a rainforest with no way of contacting the
outside world. But this was . .1. . for four Colombian children, and
in an unbelievable . .2. .of knowledge and willpower, they survived.
The children, aged 13, nine and four, as well as an 11-
month-old baby, were . .3. . with their mother.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
They were going to visit their father in the capital city. Their
plane experienced engine problems and . .4. . on May 1, 2023.
For two weeks, bad weather prevented the army from . .5. . the
crash site. They found three adults there later, including the
children's mother, who were already . .6. ..
How did these children survive conditions that would
be . .7. . for most adults They are members of the Huitoto
Indigenous (土著的) group and were . .8. . in the rainforest. As
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
such, they have a complete . .9. . of the rainforest.
They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should
be . .10. .. They survived on a fruit called juan soco and seeds,
and fed the baby water mixed with flour from the plane.
While the . .11. . got on with the business of surviving, the
Colombian army worked with indigenous volunteers to find them.
And after 40 days of . .12. ., the army found the children and
took them to recover at a military hospital in the city of Bogota.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Many around the world have taken this survival story to be
a . .13. ., while others point out that it is the result of an ancient
and thorough knowledge of the . .14. . that has been passed
down through indigenous communities over the generations.
Indigenous groups' deep respect for the forest . .15. . helped
the children survive.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了四名哥伦比亚土
著儿童在雨林中依靠传统知识生存40天最终获救的故事。
( )1.A.hope B.responsibility
C.punishment D.reality
[解析] 根据本句句首的转折词和后文they survived可知，这些孩子
的确经历了这样的事情，所以这是现实。故选D。hope希望；
responsibility责任；punishment惩罚；reality现实。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )2.A.story B.report C.place D.celebration
[解析] 根据后文“Many around the world have taken this survival
story to be a…”可知，文章讲述的是飞机失事后被困在丛林里的四
个孩子幸存下来的故事。故选A。story故事；report报告；place地方；
celebration庆祝。
( )3.A.playing B.flying C.exploring D.resting
[解析] 根据后文“Their plane experienced engine problems…”可知，
他们乘坐的是飞机。故选B。play玩；fly乘飞机；explore探索；rest
休息。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )4.A.went missing B.sped up
C.took off D.circled around
[解析] 根据后文“For two weeks, bad weather prevented the
army from…the crash site.”可知，飞机遭遇了事故，失去了踪迹。
故选A。go missing失踪；speed up加速；take off起飞；circle
around绕圈。
( )5.A.recording B.choosing C.finding D.rebuilding
[解析] 根据后文“They found three adults there later…”可知，此处
指军队因天气状况不佳未能及时找到失事地点。故选C。record记录；
choose选择；find找到；rebuild重建。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )6.A.dead B.late C.tired D.asleep
[解析] 根据后文“How did these children survive conditions that
would be…for most adults ”可知，三个成年人，包括孩子们的母亲，
被找到时都已经死了。故选A。dead死的；late迟的；tired累的；
asleep睡着的。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )7.A.normal B.favourable
C.unreasonable D.unimaginable
[解析] 根据前文“…surviving a plane crash only to be left in a
rainforest with no way of contacting the outside world.”可知，孩
子们在热带雨林且无法与外界联系的环境中生存了下来，这在大多
数成年人看来都是难以想象的。故选D。normal正常的；favourable
有利的；unreasonable不合理的；unimaginable难以想象的。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )8.A.raised B.caught C.protected D.lost
[解析] 根据前文“They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous
(土著的) group…”及后文“They know which fruits are safe to eat
and which plants should be…”可知，这些孩子在热带雨林中长大，
所以他们对热带雨林有全面的了解。故选A。raise抚养；catch抓住；
protect保护；lose失去。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )9.A.control B.map C.knowledge D.view
[解析] 根据后文“They know which fruits are safe to eat and
which plants should be…”及“…while others point out that it is
the result of an ancient and thorough knowledge of the…that
has been passed down through indigenous communities over
the generations.”可知，他们有对热带雨林全面的了解。故选C。
control控制；map地图；knowledge知识；view观点。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )10.A.studied B.avoided C.planted D.sold
[解析] 根据前文“They know which fruits are safe to eat…”及后文
“They survived on a fruit called juan soco and seeds…”可知，他
们知道哪些果实可以安全食用，哪些植物不安全应该避免。故选B。
study学习；avoid避免；plant种植；sell卖。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )11.A.villagers B.media
C.government D.children
[解析] 根据后文“And after 40 days of…the army found the
children and took them to recover at a military hospital in the
city of Bogota.”可知，此处指孩子们努力求生。故选D。villager村民；
media媒体；government政府；child孩子。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )12.A.waiting B.searching C.recovery D.practice
[解析] 根据前文“…the Colombian army worked with indigenous
volunteers to find them.”及空后“…the army found the children
and took them to recover at a military hospital in the city of
Bogota.”可知，此处指军队搜寻了40天才找到孩子们。故选B。wait
等待；search搜寻；recovery恢复；practice练习。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )13.A.joke B.secret C.wonder D.challenge
[解析] 根据前文“They survived on a fruit called juan soco and
seeds, and fed the baby water mixed with flour from the plane.”
及“And after 40 days of…the army found the children and took
them to recover at a military hospital in the city of Bogota.”可
知，飞机失事后，四个孩子其中还有一个婴儿在雨林中度过了四十
天，直到军队发现了他们，许多人认为这是一个奇迹。故选C。joke
笑话；secret秘密；wonder奇迹；challenge挑战。
√
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2
3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
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12
13
14
15
( )14.A.world B.forest C.village D.tradition
[解析] 根据前文“They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous
(土著的) group…”可知，这几个孩子是土著人，他们对森林的了解让
他们活了下来。故选B。 world世界；forest森林；village村庄；
tradition传统。
√
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6
7
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9
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13
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15
( )15.A.surprisingly B.possibly
C.undoubtedly D.unavoidably
[解析] 根据前文“Indigenous groups' deep respect for the forest…”
以及整个故事可知，他们对热带雨林的深深的敬意无疑帮助孩子们
生存了下来。故选C。surprisingly令人惊讶地；possibly可能地；
undoubtedly毫无疑问地；unavoidably不可避免地。
√
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Ⅴ 阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
［2025·江苏无锡高一期中］
If you've ever had an indoor plant that's quickly withered
(枯萎), you might believe that you don't have a green thumb or
you're not cut out for growing plants. 1.___ The truth is that
anyone can be a good plant owner. Below, we'll walk you
through something you need to know to care for your indoor
plants.
G
1
2
3
4
5
Keep potting soil moist (湿润的), but not wet. If your soil is
either too dry or overwatered, it can damage the plant's roots.
2.___ What you should do is follow guidelines on how often to
water it by doing research on its specific type. Select an area in
your house that gets sufficient sunlight. Plants require sunlight in
order to undergo photosynthesis (光合作用). 3.___ Instead, give
them plenty of indirect light by putting them in a well-lit room.
Besides, don't move your plants around a lot as plants adapt
themselves to their surroundings fairly slowly.
D
E
1
2
3
4
5
4.___ There are a variety of online materials you can find
that will detail how you should care for the specific type of
house plant you own, including recommended humidity levels,
sunlight exposure guidelines and watering guides.
Choose a plant that's easy to care for. Certain tropical
(热带的) plants require specific environments in order to survive,
while other plants are easy to care for. For example, Chinese
evergreen or painted drop tongue is commonly seen in public
displays. 5.___ This kind of plant drops its lower leaves over
time but can easily be rooted in water.
F
A
1
2
3
4
5
A.It is an easy low light plant.
B.Pay attention to their surroundings.
C.Sunshine is essential for their growth.
D.This will prevent the plant from growing.
E.Avoid putting the plants in direct sunlight.
F.Learn your plants' classification at length.
G.We're here to tell you that's not the case!
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何种植植物。
1
2
3
4
5
1.___
G
[解析] 上文“If you've ever had an indoor plant that's quickly
withered (枯萎), you might believe that you don't have a green
thumb or you're not cut out for growing plants.”提到，你可能会
认为自己没有园艺天赋或不适合养植物。接下来需要一个转折来反
驳这一观点，从而引出下文“The truth is that anyone can be a
good plant owner.”的主题。选项G起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。
故选G。
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
D
[解析] 上文“If your soil is either too dry or overwatered, it can
damage the plant's roots.”提到，土壤过干或过湿会损害植物的根
部。结合选项可知，选项D既总结了上文提到的土壤问题对植物生长
的不利影响，又与段首的“Keep potting soil moist(湿润的), but not
wet.”相呼应，强调了保持土壤适当湿润的重要性。故选D。
1
2
3
4
5
3.___
E
[解析] 上文“Plants require sunlight in order to undergo
photosynthesis (光合作用).”提到，植物需要阳光进行光合作用，但
接下来的内容却是在讲避免阳光直射。因此，需要一个过渡句来连
接这两部分。选项E既承接了上文提到的阳光需求，又引出了下文的
间接光照建议。故选E。
1
2
3
4
5
4.___
F
[解析] 此空位于段首，需要概括本段的主题。根据该段下文“There
are a variety of online materials you can find that will detail
how you should care for the specific type of house plant you
own…”可知，本段主要讨论的是了解植物的分类和养护需求。选项F
概括了本段的主题。故选F。
1
2
3
4
5
5.___
A
[解析] 根据“For example, Chinese evergreen or painted drop
tongue is commonly seen in public displays.”可知，本段以
Chinese evergreen or painted drop tongue为例，说明了这种植物
容易养护。选项A正好总结了这种植物的特点，符合语境。故选A。
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅵ 语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
［2025·四川成都高一期中］
Today, much of the world's ocean is still a mystery. Only 5
percent of it 1.__________________ (explore) so far. In fact, we
know more about some areas of Mars 2.______ some parts of
the world's ocean.
New technology, however, is helping scientists explore these
3.________ (hide) worlds. For example, scientists are using 4.____
underwater vehicle called DeepSea to explore seamounts—
underwater mountains.
has been explored
than
hidden
an
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Scientists have used DeepSea to study Las Gemelas, an area
of seamounts near Costa Rica. A wide 5._______ (vary) of
species live around Las Gemelas. Some of these species may
have chemicals 6.___________ can help people fight illnesses.
The 7._________ (deep) location of the earth is the Mariana
Trench in the Pacific Ocean. The ocean floor there is 8.________
(rough) 11,000 metres deep. In 2012, film-maker and explorer
James Cameron reached the Mariana Trench in a vehicle called
Deepsea Challenger. He was the first 9._____________ (complete)
variety
that/which
deepest
roughly
to complete
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
the journey alone. Cameron took photos and made videos on
the ocean floor. Deep-sea exploration also helps us 10.___ other
ways. For example, we are learning how underwater earthquakes
cause tsunamis. As Cameron says, “This is the beginning of
opening up a new frontier.”
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋仍是未知领域，
人类仅探索了它的5%。新技术助力科学家研究深海，如用DeepSea
探测海底山，并发现可能治病的物种以及通过深海探索可以揭示海
啸成因。
in
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.__________________
has been explored
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，句中存在
时间状语so far，因此使用现在完成时，主语only 5 percent of it表
示单数含义，与动词explore之间为被动关系，根据主谓一致原则可
知，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been explored。
2.______
than
[解析] 考查介词。分析句子可知，more是much的比较级，表示程
度上的“更多”，more+than是比较级结构，用于比较两者的差异。故
填than。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.________
hidden
[解析] 考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰worlds，应用形容词
hidden“隐藏的”。故填hidden。
4.____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。vehicle为可数名词，此处表示“一种水下探测器”，
为泛指，且underwater的发音以元音音素开头，因此使用不定冠词
an。故填an。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5._______
variety
[解析] 考查固定短语。分析句子可知，a variety of是固定搭配，意
为“多种多样的”，修饰可数名词复数，这里使用vary的名词形式
variety。故填variety。
6.___________
that/which
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导一个定语从句，
先行词是chemicals，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，因此使用that
或which引导定语从句。故填that/which。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7._________
deepest
[解析] 考查最高级。根据下文11,000 metres deep可知，这里表示
最深的地方，需要使用形容词最高级修饰名词location。故填
deepest。
8.________
roughly
[解析] 考查副词。rough是形容词，表示“大概的”，这里需要使用副
词形式表示“大约”，强调数字是估算值，而非精确的测量结果。故填
roughly。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9._____________
to complete
[解析] 考查动词不定式。“the+序数词+to do sth”是固定搭配，表
示某人在顺序上的排名以及完成某一动作。故填to complete。
10.___
in
[解析] 考查固定短语。in other ways表示“在其他方面”，是固定搭
配，在句中作状语。故填in。
1
2
3
4
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6
7
8
9
10
Unit 6 At one with nature
Period Two Using language
导学案
语言精讲
（1）①replacement ②replaced （2）was replaced with/by
excitement
语法探究
【自主发现】
关系代词；介词+关系代词
语法归纳
【实战演练】
1.most of which are located 2.with whom I hoped to share
3.without which he could hardly see anything 4.one of
which was written 5.from whom I learned a lot
练习册
Ⅰ 1.which 2.whom 3.which 4.whose 5.for 6.with 7.whose
8.to 9.without 10.about
Ⅱ 1.both of which I like very much 2.in which many students
are interested 3.to whom I will turn for help 4.for which
he refused our help
5.with whom we had a wonderful/great discussion
Ⅲ 1.events 2.and 3.shakes 4.to fall 5.powerful 6.which
7.to 8.usually 9.learning 10.ourselves
Ⅳ
1.D 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.D
12.B 13.C 14.B 15.C
Ⅴ
1.G 2.D 3.E 4.F 5.A
Ⅵ
1.has been explored 2.than 3.hidden 4.an 5.variety
6.that/which 7.deepest 8.roughly 9.to complete 10.in
