单元素养测评卷(六)
1—5 CCCAA 6—10 BCACA 11—15 CACCA 16—20 BCAAC
21—25 CDCCB 26—30 BDABC 31—35 DCAAD 36—40 FAGEB
41—45 DCBAC 46—50 ABDBD 51—55 CABAC
第一部分
录音稿
Text 1
W: Tim, are you OK
M: Yes, I’m fine! I’ve been playing table tennis with Andy. We were playing in the game room but then we moved the table out into the garden. I’ve just come to get some tap water!
Text 2
M: Do we have all the materials for the art lesson this afternoon We don’t want to find that something is missing by then.
W: We have everything: paints, ink, paper, glue and water. I think that is all we need.
Text 3
M: How much are the sweets
W: Let me see. The two-pound box is five dollars. You are holding a three-pound box. So it’s two dollars more.
M: OK, I’ll take it.
Text 4
W: Are you satisfied with the restaurant
M: Well, I have to say it’s not my thing. The food was fine, but the restaurant was too crowded and the waiters kept shouting all the time. I thought they should be working in a quieter and friendlier way.
Text 5
W: Good morning. Can I help you
M: Oh, good morning. Yes, please. I’d like to have some information about nice places where I can have a drink.
W: Well, you could go to the public house not far from the hotel.
M: Oh, that’s a good idea.
Text 6
W: Good afternoon, Tony. How are you getting on with your project
M: Uh, good afternoon, Professor Mueller. I’ve almost finished preparing my presentation for your class, but I’m not really satisfied with it. Could you give me some advice
W: I’ll be happy to. What topic did you choose
M: It’s about methods of predicting earthquakes, but so far, it’s just a lot of facts and figures. How can I make it more interesting and easy to understand
W: Maybe you could use some computer graphs and pictures to help the class make sense of your points.
Text 7
M: Anna, do you love your time studying here
W: Yes. I was not so happy before I walked into the school. I knew nobody here and I really didn’t know what to expect. But the minute I came to the classroom, I started to feel at home. I was surprised how much everyone wanted to make friends and how welcoming everyone was.
M: I’m so glad to hear that. So do you know how to get around the city now
W: Yes. It was really a challenge to get around in the beginning, but now it’s easy.
M: How do you find your homestay family
W: They’re really nice. But I do have a problem.
M: What is it
W: I often fail to make myself understood when I talk to others in Chinese.
Text 8
M: Hi, Emily! How was your first surfing lesson on Wednesday
W: You should have been there, Michael. It was unbelievable. I couldn’t even stand up on the surfboard.
M: Well, who taught you
W: My brother offered to teach me.
M: That’s good. He must be a good coach.
W: Not really. He started surfing at 15 and got a professional certificate at 22. Now he has been doing that for ten years. I’d have thought he would be good at teaching others to surf, but I was totally wrong! My brother may be an excellent surfer, but he is impatient and doesn’t master suitable teaching methods. So he is not cut out to be a surfing instructor.
M: Well, why don’t you call me to go with you next time I’d be willing to give it a shot. I know a thing or two about surfing.
W: Thanks, but as far as I’m concerned, I don’t think I will pick up the surfboard again. Surfing is just too hard for me.
M: Come on, Emily. Try again. I’m free these two days.
W: OK, but I just had a terrible experience the day before yesterday. Let’s do that tomorrow.
Text 9
M: Hi, Sara. I heard that you are organizing a campaign on the 28th April on the occasion of Earth Day.
W: Yes. We called it “the green campaign”.
M: Oh, the green! I guess this campaign is related to environment.
W: Yes, of course. All participants in the campaign will wear green because we want to tell people about the bad effects of pollution.
M: That seems great! Can you give me more details about your campaign
W: Sure. The first day we will collect all the garbage at school. The following day we’ll plant some trees. Then we will hang some posters on the school board.
M: Interesting! I’d like to help you in your campaign. I have an idea.
W: Yes, go ahead. What’s it
M: We may ask our teachers to help us in our campaign by not bringing their cars to school.
W: It’s a good idea.
M: Also we may paint some paper, bottles and lamps and use them as decorations for our classrooms. I’ll invite George to join us. He’s ready to help, you know.
W: Wow! How great, Peter! Thank you so much for your help.
M: You’re welcome.
Text 10
M: I live in a small town. Three years ago, my friends and I decided to convince our local community of the need for a proper park. We soon formed an action group consisting of students, teachers, parents and others—all led by local restaurant owner Martin Ashton. The next thing the action group had to do was start raising money. We persuaded our school to organize a concert and all the ticket money went towards the park fund. Apart from this, we did everything we could think of to raise money—I took away the rubbish and others organized sales of second-hand books and stuff like that. Six months later, we only had ￡185, 000. But our target budget was ￡200,000. In the meantime, John Richardson was helping out with the planning stage of the project. He works as an architect in London and has got close links with colleagues in the United States. They have a company called Xcite, who has won awards for their park design. So the action group held a community meeting. Almost ninety-eight per cent said yes to Xcite. Now we have this fantastic new park.
第二部分
第一节
A
【文章大意】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国最好的四个没有网络、回归自然的度假胜地。
21.C 推理判断题。根据文章题目“Four of the best off-grid (离网的) stays in the UK”可知,本文介绍的这四个度假目的地是没有网络的,是回归自然的度假胜地,由此可推知,“回归自然”这一点吸引游客前往这四个度假目的地。故选C项。
22.D 细节理解题。根据Laggan Cottage部分中“It is perfect for a week of watching the wildlife, hiking, and swimming.”可知,在Laggan Cottage可以观赏野生动物;根据East Lodge部分中“…though you may prefer to switch off and focus on outdoor fun, biking on nature trails and watching the wildlife.”可知,在East Lodge也可以观赏野生动物,综上所述,游客可以在Laggan Cottage和East Lodge观赏野生动物。故选D项。
23.C 细节理解题。根据The Straw Cottage部分中“Dogs are welcome, too.”可知,在The Straw Cottage,狗是受欢迎的,即The Straw Cottage允许宠物进入。故选C项。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍科学家对看似没有发生变化的物种进行研究,揭示了这些物种在进化过程中的自然选择机制。
24.C 推理判断题。根据第一段“Evolution can perform extraordinary makeovers; today’s airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless, earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago. But some organisms seem to be unchanged—in other words, escape natural selection. The coelacanth, a modern-day fish, is nearly identical to its 410-million-year-old fossils.”(进化能够产生非凡的改变;今天在空中飞翔的鸣禽是由数百万年前游荡在地面上的无翼恐龙进化而来的。但一些生物似乎没有改变——换句话说,它们逃脱了自然选择。现代鱼类腔棘鱼与其4.1亿年前的化石几乎一模一样。)可推知,本段提到腔棘鱼是为了列举一个不变的物种的例子。故选C项。
25.B 段落大意题。根据第二段“Scientists have long wondered how these species do so. It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change (directional selection).”[科学家们长期以来一直想知道这些物种是如何做到这一点的。人们一直认为,自然选择通过选择适中或平均的品质(稳定选择)来保持某些物种不变,而不是选择会导致物种发生变化的更极端的品质(定向选择)。]可知,本段主要介绍了人们一直认为自然选择是稳定选择而不是定向选择,也就是一个普遍的看法。故选B项。
26.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Stroud and his colleagues studied four lizard (蜥蜴) species, all relatively unchanged for 20 million years. The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years. They measured each lizard’s head size, leg length, mass and height, as well as the size of its sticky toes (脚趾), noting which individuals survived.”(斯特劳德和他的同事研究了四种蜥蜴物种,所有这些物种在2000万年间都相对没有变化。研究人员连续三年每六个月捕捉这些种群中的成员。他们测量了每只蜥蜴的头部大小、腿长、质量和身高,以及黏性脚趾的大小,记录了哪些个体存活了下来。)可推知,斯特劳德是通过跟踪调查研究对象来进行他的研究的。故选B项。
27.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“So what happens when the lizards’ environment changes more dramatically To help answer this bigger question, Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards.”(那么,当蜥蜴的环境发生更剧烈的变化时会发生什么呢 为了帮助回答这个更大的问题,斯特劳德仍在继续探访这些蜥蜴。)可推知,接下来斯特劳德会在极端条件下研究蜥蜴。故选D项。
C
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种双足机器人及其特点,这种机器人优化了以往机器人难以移动的弱点。
28.A 推理判断题。根据第一段“Compared to robots, human bodies are flexible, capable of fine movements, and can change energy efficiently into movements.”可推知,机器人的弱点是难以移动。故选A项。
29.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“…robot with fine and delicate movements, the researchers designed a biohybrid robot that copies humans’ gait and operates in water.”可知,研究人员设计了一种生物混合机器人,它可以模仿人类的步态,并在水中工作,由此可推知,这样的机器人的动作更精细、更灵活。故画线词的意思是“更灵活的”。故选B项。
30.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The team also plans to give joints and thicker muscle tissues to the bipedal robot to enable more complicated and powerful movements.”可知,团队接下来要改善双足机器人的动作。故选C项。
31.D 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The research team’s two-legged robot, an innovative bipedal design, builds on the legacy of biohybrid robots that take advantage of muscles. Muscle tissues have driven biohybrid robots to crawl and swim straight forward and make turns—but not sharp ones.”并结合文章主要介绍了一种两足机器人及其特点可知,D项“科学家设计了一种由肌肉组织驱动的两条腿的机器人”最符合文章标题。故选D项。
D
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过借鉴哲学家及女权主义者玛丽·沃斯通克拉夫特的旅行方式,鼓励现代旅行者积极参与当地文化,学会观察、反思与自我挑战,接受不确定性。
32.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As the departure date approaches, anticipation builds, and the possibilities seem endless. However, upon returning home, the experience often fades quickly as we settle back into our routines. That incredible experience becomes like a dream—similar to watching a movie, but a lot more expensive.”(随着出发日期的临近,期待感愈发强烈,各种可能性似乎无穷无尽。然而,一回到家,当我们重新回到日常生活中时,那段经历往往很快就会消退。那段不可思议的经历变得如同梦境一般——就如同观看了一场电影,但却昂贵得多。)可推知,我们度假回家后的感受是失望的。故选C项。
33.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Through her observations and reflections, she not only revolutionized travel writing but also healed herself emotionally.”(通过她的观察与思考,她不仅革新了旅行文学,也在情感上实现了自我疗愈。)可推知,第二段中玛丽·沃斯通克拉夫特的例子的作用是为了展示旅行的变革力量。故选A项。
34.A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Wollstonecraft’s approach to travel offers valuable insights for modern-day travellers. Instead of simply sightseeing, she actively engaged with her surroundings, learning about local customs and history, and questioning her own assumptions. She embraced the unpredictability of travel, allowing herself to explore without strict plans.”可知,Wollstonecraft的旅行方式反映了她重视直接体验而非仅仅遵循预设路线的态度。由此可推知,A项“地图不等于领土”符合题意。即我们对世界的预设认知(如同地图一样)并不能完全代表真实体验。故选A项。
35.D 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Exposing ourselves to multi-cultures and perspectives to broaden our world view. Challenge confirmation bias (确认偏见) by engaging with ideas that differ from our own. Recognize that happiness and fulfillment can be achieved in various ways.”可知,心理模型通过接触多元文化来拓宽世界观,从而提升旅行体验。故选D项。
第二节
【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在美国,肥胖问题非常严重,肥胖也给人们带来许多负面影响,文章推荐饮食“自我监控”作为减肥的方法。
36.F 根据前文“Obese people are at increased risk of many serious diseases, including high blood pressure and heart disease.”可知,此处介绍了肥胖带来的负面影响,所以选项F(肥胖还与较低的生活质量和差的心理健康有关。)切合文意。故选F。
37.A 根据后文“There’s no doubt that dietary self-monitoring has been shown to help lose weight. However, not much is known about how long this takes or how often it should be done.”可知,此处应指前文中提到的方法是不是真的那么容易,所以选项A(它真的有那么容易吗 )切合文意。故选A。
38.G 根据后文“The findings demonstrated that people who continued to record their food intake daily for 24 weeks lost more weight compared to those who quit noting their intake.”可知,此处指研究表明记录摄入的饮食的频率越高,减掉的体重可能就越多,所以选项G(研究表明,你越频繁地记录你的饮食,你可能减掉的体重就越多。)切合文意。故选G。
39.E 根据前文“People who lost at least 10% of their weight recorded their food intake about 3 times a day.”可知,此处为记录摄入饮食的频率的高低对减掉的体重的对比,所以选项E(相比之下,那些每天记录较少的人减掉的体重较少。)切合文意。故选E。
40.B 根据前文“Dietary self-monitoring can be performed in different ways—using an online program, using a pencil or using smartphone applications.”可知,此处指选择适合自己的记录方式,所以选项B(找到适合你的方法是很重要的。)切合文意。故选B。
第三部分
第一节
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了一位等待肾源的女士被医生告知获得肾源的概率微乎其微,然而,因为她的狗,她却在沙滩上偶遇了自己的完美的肾源提供人。
41.D 根据下文“…her finding a donor was 1 in 20 million.”可知,她找到捐献者的概率特别小,所以只有五年可活了。故选D。 act行动; stay停留; leave离开;live活着。
42.C 根据下文1 in 20 million可知,两千万分之一是她找到捐献者的概率,也就是一种可能性。故选C。way方法;choice选择;chance机会,可能性;ability能力。
43.B 根据上文finding a donor可知,她找到捐献者的概率特别小,所以在等候者名单上等了好几年。故选B。shopping list购物清单; waiting list等候者名单; reading list阅读清单;mailing list邮寄清单。
44.A 根据下文“…a woman they didn’t know.”可知,他们不认识那个女人,所以那个女人对他们来说是陌生人。故选A。stranger陌生人; friend朋友;worker工人; helper助手。
45.C 根据下文“…a woman they didn’t know.”可知,一只狗去打扰一个陌生人是不礼貌的。故选C。frank坦率的;special特别的;polite礼貌的;contradictory相互矛盾的。
46.A 根据上文“…Indie kept running off to a…about 100 yards away and would not leave her alone. Indie went over like three times, back and forward to her.”可知,他们的狗不停地去打扰一个陌生人。故选A。bother打扰; recognize认出;call打电话;tolerate忍受。
47.B 根据下文“…Cenydd went over to apologize…”可知,Cenydd最终去道歉。故选B。secretly秘密地;eventually最终;indirectly间接地;obviously显然。
48.D 根据下文to their barbecue可知,Cenydd道完歉以后邀请她一起来烧烤。故选D。advise建议; invest投资; allow允许; invite邀请。
49.B 根据下文“…to be Katie, 40, from Barry.”可知,那个陌生人原来是来自Barry的40岁的Katie。故选B。come out出版;turn out原来是,结果是;look out小心;make out理解。
50.D 根据上文“…joined the kidney donation register…”可知,她最近加入了肾脏捐赠登记簿,打算进行无私的捐赠。故选D。 different不同的; available可获得的;shiny光亮的;selfless无私的。
51.C 根据下文telephone numbers可知,她们交换了电话号码以便联系。故选C。charge收费; change改变;exchange交换;show展示。
52.A 根据下文“…the result came back…”可知,在验血和扫描检查之后才会出来结果。故选A。test测试,化验; text文章; loss损失;treatment治疗。
53.B 根据上文“A pet doberman sniffed (嗅) out a ‘perfect’ kidney donor for its 44-year-old dying owner.”和下文the transplant可知,Lucy进行了移植手术,所以Katie是一个完美的匹配者。故选B。 assistant助手;match比赛,相配的人; result结果;player选手。
54.A 根据上文“…Katie was a perfect…”和下文“…she couldn’t believe it.”可知,Katie是完美的匹配者,因此Lucy惊讶得简直不敢相信。故选A。surprised惊讶的; amused逗乐的;lucky幸运的; scared害怕的。
55.C 根据下文“…in October 2022 and it was a total success.”可知,移植手术在2022年10月进行,手术很成功。故选C。 speed up加速; take off起飞; take place发生;break out爆发。
第二节
【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了云南省西双版纳傣族自治州的热带雨林的景色。
56.filled 考查非谓语动词。(be) filled with意为“充满”。故填filled。
57.why 考查表语从句。空处引导表语从句,根据句意可知,应用why。故填why。
58.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词rainforest,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,故填which。
59.popularity 考查名词。空处作介词的宾语,应用名词popularity,其为不可数名词。故填popularity。
60.attracting 考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语动词is growing,此处attract与rainforest构成主动关系,故应用现在分词作状语。故填attracting。
61.to share 考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to share。
62.without 考查介词。根据句意可知,空处应用介词without,意为“没有”。故填without。
63.phenomena 考查名词复数。根据various可知,phenomenon应用复数形式。故填phenomena。
64.be seen 考查动词语态。空处为定语从句的谓语,先行词crown shyness与see构成被动关系,且can后跟动词原形。故填be seen。
65.social 考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰后面的名词。故填social。
第四部分
第一节
One possible version:
With the development of society, water pollution is getting more and more serious. There are many reasons contributing to this problem.
As can be easily seen from the chart, half of the water pollution is caused by factories. 35% comes from agriculture while only 5% is from our families. Other reasons which result in the pollution account for 10%. Polluted water bodies not only do harm to animals and plants, but also have a long-lasting effect on humans.
We should take some measures to fight against water pollution. First of all, we must draw public attention to the problem. Besides, more strict laws should be passed to help reduce water pollution. All in all, only when everybody takes action to stop the pollution will the problem be solved.
第二节
【思路点拨】 本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了作者在寒冷的冬天遇到了需要加班对项目进行重大修改这件绝望的事情,并在回家的路上误踩进了一个水池。正当作者感到孤单绝望的时候,作者看到了一只猫。
【详解】
1.段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“为了不吓到它, 我慢慢地、小心地弯下腰把猫捡了起来。”可知,第一段可以描写作者和小猫的互动,且作者想帮助小猫让它在寒冬里存活下来。
②由第二段首句内容“我姐姐是一名护士,因此是照顾动物的家庭专家。”可知,第二段可以描写作者向姐姐求助并把小猫带回家。
2.续写线索:作者捡起小猫—小猫抵抗作者—作者决定救猫—作者向姐姐求助—作者带猫回家并安置猫—作者的感悟
One possible version:
Slowly and carefully so as not to frighten it, I bent down and picked up the cat. The cat protested loudly as I lifted it into the air (as引导时间状语从句), twisting and biting my fingers with surprising strength (现在分词短语作状语). I was glad to see that it was so energetic—I hoped that meant it would be more likely to survive. Ignoring the kitten’s protests (现在分词短语作状语), I carefully stuffed it against my chest inside my coat to try and keep it warm (不定式作目的状语;keep+宾语+宾补). My ignorance made me anxious (make+宾语+宾补)—I didn’t know what I was doing (宾语从句) and I didn’t want to harm the poor creature. But, after another cry of protest, the cat became calm and went to sleep.
My sister is a nurse, and therefore the family expert on caring for animals. I hurried to call and ask for her advice. She calmly and efficiently told me what to do as I hurried home (as引导时间状语从句), stopping briefly at a corner store to buy some supplies she insisted I would need (现在分词短语作状语;不定式作目的状语;定语从句;宾语从句). When I finally reached my apartment, I dried the wet cat and fed it the food I had bought (定语从句). The cat still looked at me with great suspicion, but the food seemed to be winning it over. With the cat once more falling asleep (with复合结构), now happy and warm (形容词作状语), I smiled. After all perhaps I would not have a lonely vacation this year.单元素养测评卷(六)
Unit 6
(时间:120分钟 分值:150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
( )1.What does the man want to get
A.A tennis ball. B.A table. C.Tap water.
( )2.What are the speakers talking about
A.Buying materials. B.Painting a picture.
C.Preparing for an art lesson.
( )3.How much will the man pay
A.Three dollars. B.Five dollars. C.Seven dollars.
( )4.What does the man say about the restaurant
A.The waiters were noisy.
B.The food was not his thing.
C.The atmosphere was friendly.
( )5.Where are the speakers
A.In a hotel. B.In the public house.
C.In a supermarket.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
( )6.What is the relationship between the speakers
A.Classmates. B.Teacher and student.
C.Manager and secretary.
( )7.What does the woman suggest adding to the presentation
A.More facts. B.More figures. C.More pictures.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
( )8.How did Anna feel before coming to the classroom
A.Worried. B.Embarrassed. C.Delighted.
( )9.What bothers Anna now
A.Feeling a bit homesick.
B.Having trouble getting around.
C.Being weak in speaking Chinese.
听第8段材料,回答第10至13题。
( )10.How does Emily find her first surfing lesson
A.Discouraging. B.Unforgettable. C.Exciting.
( )11.How old is Emily’s brother
A.15. B.22. C.25.
( )12.What does Michael offer to do
A.Teach Emily to surf. B.Give Emily a surfboard.
C.Talk with Emily’s brother.
( )13.When will the speakers meet
A.On Wednesday. B.On Friday. C.On Saturday.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
( )14.What is the aim of the campaign
A.To remind people of Earth Day.
B.To encourage people to reduce garbage.
C.To warn people of the bad effects of pollution.
( )15.What will be the task on the second day
A.Planting trees. B.Designing posters.
C.Collecting garbage.
( )16.What does the man expect the teachers to do
A.Paint paper. B.Stop driving cars.
C.Decorate classrooms.
( )17.How does Sara find the man’s ideas
A.Ridiculous. B.Confusing. C.Wonderful.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
( )18.What did the speaker persuade the school to do to raise money
A.Organize a concert.
B.Collect the rubbish.
C.Sell second-hand books.
( )19.How much more did the action group need after collecting money for six months
A.￡15,000. B.￡10,000. C.￡5,000.
( )20.What was most community members’ attitude towards using Xcite
A.Concerned. B.Uncaring. C.Approving.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four of the best off-grid (离网的) stays in the UK
Shepherds’ Retreat
Granite peaks, vivid green fields and speeding clouds are your only neighbours at this remote cottage in the Sperrins. Glass doors open straight onto this landscape, and though there’s no phone reception or Wi-Fi, there’s a TV with DVDs, and plenty of books to enjoy by the fire. There are stone circles and mountain bike trails nearby.
Laggan Cottage
On the Ardnish peninsula (半岛) and accessible only by boat—or a three-hour hike—this comfortable off-grid pad is seriously isolated. There’s zero mobile signal and no TV. Paraffin lamps, wood-burning stoves for hot water and a Calor gas cooker are the only modern conveniences you get. It is perfect for a week of watching the wildlife, hiking, and swimming.
The Straw Cottage
Candles and lanterns, gas lamps and solar lights create atmosphere at this straw-bale cottage, constructed by using centuries-old methods. With no electricity or Wi-Fi, this home set on Ty Gwyn Farm offers true escapism. Young explorers can play in the stream, follow a treasure hunt and toast marshmallows by the fire. Dogs are welcome, too.
East Lodge
Other than the lack of Wi-Fi, East Lodge is a perfectly contemporary cottage. Arch windows accompany modern conveniences including a TV and DVDs for movie nights, though you may prefer to switch off and focus on outdoor fun, biking on nature trails and watching the wildlife.
( )21.What might attract travellers to the four holiday destinations
A.Stylish decoration. B.Convenient locations.
C.Back-to-nature stays. D.Modern conveniences.
( )22.What can visitors do in Laggan Cottage and East Lodge
A.Play games. B.Swim in the sea.
C.Read by the fire. D.Watch the wildlife.
( )23.Which cottage is pet-friendly
A.Shepherds’ Retreat. B.Laggan Cottage.
C.The Straw Cottage. D.East Lodge.
B
Evolution can perform extraordinary makeovers; today’s airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless, earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago. But some organisms seem to be unchanged—in other words, escape natural selection. The coelacanth, a modern-day fish, is nearly identical to its 410-million-year-old fossils.
Scientists have long wondered how these species do so. It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change (directional selection).
But a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA contradicts this idea, showing that evolution constantly favours different qualities in seemingly unchanging animals that improve short-term survival. “In the long term, though, all that evolution cancels out and leads to no change,” says the study’s lead author, James Stroud.
Stroud and his colleagues studied four lizard (蜥蜴) species, all relatively unchanged for 20 million years. The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years. They measured each lizard’s head size, leg length, mass and height, as well as the size of its sticky toes (脚趾), noting which individuals survived. Stroud expected to observe stabilizing selection at work preserving moderate qualities. Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection: some lizards with unique characteristics, such as stickier toes, survived better.
“The study offers a good explanation for why we see what we think is stabilizing selection,” says Tadashi Fukami, an ecologist studying evolution at Stanford University. Many new qualities are evolving in the short term, but they don’t provide a crucial advantage over the long term. In other words, species staying unchanged may simply have found the best possible combination of qualities for lasting success in their environment. So what happens when the lizards’ environment changes more dramatically To help answer this bigger question, Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards.
( )24.Why does the author mention the “coelacanth” in Paragraph 1
A.To demonstrate the power of evolution.
B.To add evidence to natural selection.
C.To give an example of unchanged species.
D.To prove species’ extraordinary makeovers.
( )25.What’s the focus of Paragraph 2
A.Unsolved mysteries. B.A common belief.
C.A sharp contrast. D.Unique characteristics.
( )26.How did Stroud conduct his research
A.By analysing lizard fossils.
B.By tracking research objects.
C.By illustrating stabilizing selection.
D.By categorizing qualities of lizards.
( )27.What will Stroud probably do in the future
A.Make trips to visit lizard experts.
B.Summarize average features of lizards.
C.Reveal the best combinations of qualities.
D.Examine lizards under extreme conditions.
C
Compared to robots, human bodies are flexible, capable of fine movements, and can change energy efficiently into movements. Drawing inspiration from humans’ gait, researchers from Japan crafted a two-legged biohybrid robot by combining muscle tissues and artificial materials. This method allows the robot to walk and pivot.
“Research on biohybrid robots, which are a mix of biology and mechanics, is recently attracting attention as a new field of robotics featuring biological function,” says corresponding author Shoji Takeuchi of the University of Tokyo, Japan. “Using muscles as actuators allows us to build a compact robot and achieve efficient, silent movements with a soft touch.”
The research team’s two-legged robot, an innovative bipedal design, builds on the legacy of biohybrid robots that take advantage of muscles. Muscle tissues have driven biohybrid robots to crawl and swim straight forward and make turns—but not sharp ones. Yet, being able to pivot and make sharp turns is an essential feature for robots to avoid obstacles.
To build a nimbler robot with fine and delicate movements, the researchers designed a biohybrid robot that copies humans’ gait and operates in water. With the electric stimulation alternating between the left and right leg every 5 seconds, the biohybrid robot successfully “walked” at the speed of 5.4 mm/min(0.002 mph). To turn, researchers repeatedly zapped the right leg every 5 seconds while the left leg served as an anchor.
The robot made a 90-degree left turn in 62 seconds. The findings showed that the muscle-driven bipedal robot can walk, stop, and make fine-tuned turning motions.
“Currently, we are manually moving a pair of electrodes to apply an electric field individually to the legs, which takes time,” says Takeuchi. “In the future, by integrating the electrodes into the robot, we expect to increase the speed more efficiently.”
The team also plans to give joints and thicker muscle tissues to the bipedal robot to enable more complicated and powerful movements.
( )28.What is the weakness of a robot
A.Awkward to move. B.Complex to operate.
C.Tough to control. D.Easy to lose energy.
( )29.What does the underlined word “nimbler” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.More stylish. B.More flexible.
C.More intelligent. D.More suitable.
( )30.What will the team do next
A.Add more power to the bipedal robot.
B.Expand the use of the bipedal robot.
C.Better the bipedal robot’s movements.
D.Apply an electric field to the bipedal robot.
( )31.What is a suitable title for the text
A.Biohybrid robots are a mix of biology and mechanics
B.Human bodies are flexible, capable of fine movements
C.Making sharp turns is essential for robots to avoid obstacles
D.Scientists designed a two-legged robot powered by muscle tissues
D [2024·湖南三湘名校教育联盟高二期中]
Many of us are familiar with the excitement of planning a vacation to an exotic destination. As the departure date approaches, anticipation builds, and the possibilities seem endless. However, upon returning home, the experience often fades quickly as we settle back into our routines. That incredible experience becomes like a dream—similar to watching a movie, but a lot more expensive. But does it have to be like this What if it could be a transformative experience that enriches our lives
Over 200 years ago, Mary Wollstonecraft, a philosopher and feminist, started a journey to Scandinavia during a difficult period in her life. Despite her initial intentions to win back her lover, she found comfort in documenting her travels in Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. Through her observations and reflections, she not only revolutionized travel writing but also healed herself emotionally.
Wollstonecraft’s approach to travel offers valuable insights for modern-day travellers. Instead of simply sightseeing, she actively engaged with her surroundings, learning about local customs and history, and questioning her own assumptions. She embraced the unpredictability of travel, allowing herself to explore without strict plans.
Here are some goals we can construct from Wollstonecraft’s approach to travel. Try to actively know the place you are in. Observe the customs. Interact with the locals. Learn the whys behind the observation. Explore the history. Try to understand the answers in relation to what you are experiencing now. Setting aside any previous assumptions. Notice how the journey is affecting you. What new insights do you have Are your opinions and belief challenged Don’t plan out every detail. Embrace the uncertainty and explore.
So how do we put those goals into practice Here is where mental models can enhance the travel experience. Exposing ourselves to multi-cultures and perspectives to broaden our world view. Challenge confirmation bias (确认偏见) by engaging with ideas that differ from our own. Recognize that happiness and fulfillment can be achieved in various ways.
By including these principles in our travels, we can transform them from mere entertainment into the profound end enriching experiences that leave a lasting impact on our lives.
( )32.Which word best describes our feelings upon returning home from a vacation
A.Excited. B.Inspired.
C.Disappointed. D.Astonished.
( )33.What is the function of the example of Mary Wollstonecraft in Paragraph 2
A.To show the transformative power of travel.
B.To highlight the challenges of travelling alone.
C.To emphasize the importance of documenting experiences.
D.To prove the possibility of finding comfort in a strict travel plan.
( )34.Which of the following is in line with Wollstonecraft’s approach to travel
A.The map is not the territory.
B.Travel brings love back to your life.
C.Create your own sunshine every day.
D.Believe in miracles; trust the journey.
( )35.How can mental models enhance the travel experience
A.Ignoring differing ideas to avoid bias.
B.Limiting exposure to new perspectives.
C.Seeking entertainment rather than enrichment.
D.Broadening the world view through diverse cultures.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
About 40% of adults and 19% of children in the US are obese. Obese people are at increased risk of many serious diseases, including high blood pressure and heart disease. 36. If you are suffering from these, here’s a way of losing weight that you can try.
Dietary “self-monitoring” is a common strategy. It involves recording what they consume, and how much. The theory is that when thinking of what you put in your body, you’ll make healthier decisions. 37. There’s no doubt that dietary self-monitoring has been shown to help lose weight. However, not much is known about how long this takes or how often it should be done.
38. Recently, researchers studied obese individuals in otherwise good health who participated in a 24-week weight control programme. They recorded their daily dietary intake using an online program. The findings demonstrated that people who continued to record their food intake daily for 24 weeks lost more weight compared to those who quit noting their intake. People who lost at least 10% of their weight recorded their food intake about 3 times a day. 39. Researchers noted people might have greater success with weight loss if they recorded their dietary intake about three times a day, rather than recording all of their meals in one sitting.
A good principle to follow may be “write when you bite”. Dietary self-monitoring can be performed in different ways—using an online program, using a pencil or using smartphone applications. 40.
A.Can it really be that easy
B.It is important to find what works for you.
C.Thus, long-term weight loss takes time and effort.
D.The risk factors that determine obesity can be complex.
E.In comparison, those who recorded less daily lost less weight.
F.Obesity is also associated with a lower life quality and poor mental health.
G.Studies show the more often you log your eating, the more weight you might lose.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
[2024·河南名校高二联考]
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A pet doberman sniffed (嗅) out a “perfect” kidney donor for its 44-year-old dying owner.
44-year-old Lucy was told she had 5 years to 41 by doctors. They said the 42 of her finding a donor was 1 in 20 million. Lucy spent years on the 43 until she found her saviour by total coincidence on a Welsh beach.
She and her partner, Cenydd, had taken their dogs Jake and Indie to Barry Island Beach and Indie kept running off to a 44 about 100 yards away and would not leave her alone. Indie went over like three times, back and forward to her. Cenydd thought it was not 45 of their dog to 46 a woman they didn’t know. 47 , Cenydd went over to apologize, and 48 her over to their barbecue.
The three started chatting and eating. The stranger Indie was bothering 49 to be Katie, 40, from Barry. When Lucy mentioned she couldn’t drink alcohol as she was on dialysis, Katie said she had recently joined the kidney donation register to make a(n) 50 donation. They 51 telephone numbers, and to be honest Lucy didn’t think anything else would come of it. After blood 52 and scans, the result came back: Katie was a perfect 53 . Lucy was so 54 that she couldn’t believe it. The transplant 55 in October 2022 and it was a total success. Katie, Lucy and Cenydd have remained friends since the donation and have a group chat which they’ve called “the Kidney Gang”.
( )41.A.act B.stay
C.leave D.live
( )42.A.way B.choice
C.chance D.ability
( )43.A.shopping list B.waiting list
C.reading list D.mailing list
( )44.A.stranger B.friend
C.worker D.helper
( )45.A.frank B.special
C.polite D.contradictory
( )46.A.bother B.recognize
C.call D.tolerate
( )47.A.Secretly B.Eventually
C.Indirectly D.Obviously
( )48.A.advised B.invested
C.allowed D.invited
( )49.A.came out B.turned out
C.looked out D.made out
( )50.A.different B.available
C.shiny D.selfless
( )51.A.charged B.changed
C.exchanged D.showed
( )52.A.tests B.texts
C.loss D.treatment
( )53.A.assistant B.match
C.result D.player
( )54.A.surprised B.amused
C.lucky D.scared
( )55.A.speeded up B.took off
C.took place D.broke out
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
[2024·湖南常德高二期中]
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For urban dwellers living in concrete jungles, few things are more therapeutic (使人放松的) than a mindful walk in nature, especially a tropical jungle 56. (fill) with wonders and adventures.
That is 57. the tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture, 58. is known as the kingdom of flora and fauna located in China’s Yunnan Province, is growing in 59. (popular) as a destination for weekend tours, 60. (attract) people from far and wide.
Once you step into the forest, you will be awed by what you are seeing and want to snap some pictures 61. (share) on social media. You would probably find your phone 62. signals, and then you would realize how far away you already are from the urban hustle and bustle.
With the help of local guides, you could feast your eyes on various mesmerizing (有吸引力的) rainforest 63. (phenomenon) such as the strangling growth habit shared by those sprawling (蔓延的) strangler figs (无花果), “sky gardens” featuring epiphytes (附生植物) such as ferns, bromeliads, and orchids growing entwined (缠绕) on the trunks of bigger trees, and crown shyness that can 64. (see) among some tree species whose crowns maintain 65. (society) distance with each other to form a canopy with channel-like gaps.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
学校英文报正在开展以“Water pollution”为题的讨论,请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇英文报道,内容包括:
1.造成水污染的原因;
2.水污染的危害;
3.你的建议。
注意:1.词数80个左右;
2.首句已给出,不计入总词数。
With the development of society, water pollution is getting more and more serious.
第二节(满分25分) [2024·陕西西安第二中学高二阶段性测评]
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a bitterly cold and dark day in December. I was walking home from work, hungry and worn out after my long day. My team was due to complete our big project before we left for our winter vacation, but our boss delivered bad news that our client had contacted him and demanded a major revision on the project before they would accept it. The whole team was desperate—we were so close to finishing and now we would most likely have to work over and miss the entire vacation.
So caught up in my anxious thoughts was I that I failed to watch where I was walking until I stepped with a dramatic splash (落水声) off the sidewalk and into a giant, half-frozen pool of water at the side of the road. I could feel the icy water into my shoes and socks, slowly soaking into my trouser legs around my ankles. I sighed deeply and almost cried—I was having, as my grandmother always used to say, “one of those days when nothing goes your way”.
A wave of loneliness filled me. I loved my job and my co-workers and most days when I was satisfied with my life but now, especially around the holidays, the reminders that I didn’t have a partner or children like my sister or some of my co-workers did fill me with sadness. As I looked down sadly at my unpleasant situation, I saw a brief spot of movement out of the corner of my eye. There, attached to a cold piece of cardboard in the middle of the pool, was a small patch of grey fur.
As I watched, the little spot moved again, and before letting out an outsized cry of sorrow and grief, so loud was it that you would think it came from a creature five times the size. It was a cat!
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
Slowly and carefully so as not to frighten it, I bent down and picked up the cat.
Paragraph 2:
My sister is a nurse, and therefore the family expert on caring for animals.
