单元素养测评卷(四)
1—5 CBBAB 6—10 ABABA 11—15 BCAAC 16—20 CBABC
21—25 BACBB 26—30 CDACA 31—35 DAABD 36—40 GBCED
41—45 DCACB 46—50 ABADB 51—55 ADBCC
第一部分
录音稿
Text 1
M: Hiya, what’s in the big backpack
W: Oh, I’m just coming back from my first yoga class.
M: Oh yeah How’d you find it
W: Yeah, it was harder than I thought it was going to be. I’m exhausted!
Text 2
W: Why is the cat sitting in the tree
M: He is unhappy because I threw his old basket away. He stays in it all the time.
W: I’ll put some food in the kitchen to attract him down.
Text 3
M: What are you doing
W: I am making some lunch. We are very busy now. We have to study for exams, so I am making something very quick. It’s just some meat with salad and potatoes if you look at it.
Text 4
M: OK, 60 dollars for the dress.
W: Well, it’s kind of expensive. Isn’t there a sale or something
M: Actually, yes, there is a promotion going on for 10% off.
Text 5
M: Your cousin Ted has been trying to find a job for months, but I don’t think he’ll be offered one if he looks like that.
W: You’re right! I’ll tell him he has to shave every other day at least and put on something clean.
Text 6
W: Hello, this is Nancy from the Pets Company. What can I do for you
M: Hello, this is Jim Black in Precious Pet Shop. I would like to talk to Mr Graham, but I can’t get through to him. I need ten boxes of dog food by the end of this week.
W: I’m sorry, sir. Mr Graham has gone to London for a business trip. He will be back next Thursday. May I pass your phone call to Miss Smith
M: But Mr Graham is the one we always talk to.
W: I see. Miss Smith is experienced in our company. She will be in charge of your order and get them shipped as soon as possible.
M: OK. Thanks a lot.
Text 7
M: Mary, we’re going to West Lake this weekend.
W: Again
M: Yes, three of us this time. We’re going boating on Saturday morning. In the afternoon I’ll visit my uncle nearby and in the evening we’ll do some shopping. There’s an amazing night market near the lake. On Sunday, we’ll go to a concert.
W: Where are you staying The five-star hotel we booked last time was really expensive.
M: Yes, but my uncle told me there is a small but comfortable country cottage to the east of the lake. We’ll stay there.
W: Sounds good.
M: What are you going to do, Mary
W: Just sit on the sofa and read the novels I bought yesterday. My parents have gone back to our hometown and it will be my private time this weekend.
Text 8
M: Hello, Jamia. We must choose our career now.
W: You are quite right.
M: We must choose our career properly. May I know your choice of careers
W: Yes, of course.I have decided to become a doctor.
M: It is a good profession. Could you tell me why you have chosen this profession
W: There is a shortage of good doctors in our country. The people who live in the villages cannot find a good doctor.
M: Are you willing to go to the villages if necessary
W: Yes, of course. Well, could you tell me about your choice of careers
M: Of course.I want to be an agriculture researcher.
W: Most students like to be doctors, engineers or administrators. Why don’t you
M: Our country is an agricultural country. Our economy depends on agriculture. So I will get myself admitted into an agricultural university. I will do research on agriculture.
W: I appreciate your plan. But we must work hard to fulfill our plans.
M: Of course. We must do well in the H.S.C Examination, otherwise we will not be able to become a doctor or an agriculture researcher. Thank you, Jamia. It is really nice speaking to you.
W: You’re welcome. Goodbye. See you again.
M: Bye.
Text 9
M: Hello, everyone. We are lucky to have Molly Taylor here today. Molly is organizing an activity course for the summer holidays. Molly, this is the second year of the course, isn’t it
W: Yes. The summer course operated for the first time last year for a six-week period. We did think about making it longer this year and have a seven-week course, as there are some schools which finish the term a week earlier. In fact, two schools have eight-week holidays. But in the end we decided to keep to the same plan as last year.
M: But, from what I have been told, last year’s course wasn’t a complete success, was it
W: Well, we were actually very surprised by the number of children interested in the course. We didn’t actually have enough assistants to look after all the children. Besides, there was such a lot of rain that we couldn’t go outside as often as we wanted to.
M: So, what activities can the children look forward to this year
W: Well, once again there will be artists and musicians who will lead creative classes. We also considered providing some more exciting adventure sports. But we decided not to, in the end. Instead we’ll introduce some fun programmes. I think it’ll be great fun for the children.
Text 10
M: A guide named Persephone welcomes travellers to Greece and takes them through a famous cave. The guide moves smoothly around the underground area and can talk about it in 33 languages. Persephone is very intelligent. It’s a human-sized robot. It can give its part of the tour in 33 languages. It can also answer 33 questions, but only in the Greek language.
Persephone guides visitors to the first three of eight stops along the walkway. It can do two more stops, but it is too slow for the tour. Kartalis is considering ways to increase its speed.
Evdokia Karafera is a human guide who partners with Persephone. “It’s helpful, because it speaks many languages,” she said. “There’s just a little delay in the touring,” she added. “Most find it fascinating, especially the children, and find it interesting that it speaks many languages.” Karafera noted, however, that human tour guides must remain part of the operation. “Robots, at some point in the future, will take over many jobs,” she said. “But I believe they cannot replace humans everywhere.”
第二部分
第一节
A
【文章大意】 本文是应用文。文章是一篇招聘广告,招聘夏令营辅导员,介绍了辅导员的职责、薪水和应该具备的资格。
21.B 细节理解题。根据Duties部分中“Your main objective would be to guarantee (确保) that every participant is safe.”可知,辅导员的主要职责是保证参与者的安全。故选B。
22.A 细节理解题。根据Salary部分中“A summer camp counselor’s hourly pay is on average $10. The weekly average pay is $420. Junior level pay is about $320 a week. Senior level pay is roughly $560 a week.”以及“If you have no related experience then you will start as an assistant for at least 4 weeks and get a quarter of the junior level salary.”可知,初级水平的工资大约是每周320美元,没有相关经验的话将以助理的身份工作至少4周,工作薪水是初级水平的四分之一;因此助理每周的薪水是(320÷4=)80美元,前四周是(80×4=)320美元,助理在前4周可以赚320美元。故选A。
23.C 细节理解题。根据Qualifications部分中“You have to be 18 or older and have graduated from high school.”可知,申请人必须拥有高中毕业证书。故选C。
B
【文章大意】 本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了35岁的埃曼创建了一个名为AI Faraza的平台,该平台销售高质量的蔬菜和水果以及为当地女性提供工作机会和收入的故事。
24.B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Although her background was in language and translation, the young Egyptian woman, with her husband’s support, had an idea to create a platform called AI Faraza to provide high-quality fruits and vegetables at competitive prices.”可知,她创建AI Faraza的最初目的是:以具有竞争力的价格提供高质量的水果和蔬菜。故选B。
25.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In 2019, Eman developed the project further into an app that allowed Egyptian women and other small-business owners who sold home-made meals, as well as local farmers, to bring their products to a wider audience.”可知,埃曼为埃及人提供一款应用程序,出售自制的产品,即通过提供一个可以增加收入的平台来帮助埃及人。故选B。
26.C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Eman’s idea only became a reality after she heard about the One Million Arab Coders Initiative, which provides online training courses to help Arab youth build and master coding skills so they can pursue jobs in digital technologies and develop their own high-tech projects.”以及倒数第二段“She enrolled in the Initiative’s Data Analysis track, where she learned how to transform data into successful ideas. Gaining these skills was a vital step towards the success of AI Faraza, and Eman is proud of the personal growth and achievements she has experienced thanks to the Initiative.”可知,埃曼在该倡议中获得的技能是这个项目成功的关键。故选C。
27.D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“After having her second child, 35-year-old Eman Wagdy Selim felt that she had a bigger purpose in life. Although her background was in language and translation, the young Egyptian woman, with her husband’s support, had an idea to create a platform called AI Faraza to provide high-quality fruits and vegetables at competitive prices.”可知,埃曼是有上进心的。根据文章第三段“Today, AI Faraza, an Egyptian word that refers to careful and attentive selection, supports Egyptian women in particular, providing them with job opportunities and income to secure decent lives for themselves and their families.”可知,埃曼是关心他人的。所以选项D符合题意。故选D。
C
【文章大意】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了各个领域的研究人员对切蛋糕这一问题的本质和方法的研究以及切蛋糕的规则在解决现实问题中的应用。
28.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段“A mathematical problem at its heart, cake cutting connects strict reasoning to real-world issues of fairness, and so attracts not only mathematicians, but also social scientists, economists and more. ‘It’s a very elegant model in which you can distill what fairness really is, and reason about it,’ Procaccia says.”(切蛋糕是一个数学问题的核心,它将严格的推理与现实世界的公平问题联系在一起,因此不仅吸引了数学家,也吸引了社会科学家、经济学家等等。Procaccia说:“这是一个非常优质的模型,在这个模型中,你可以提炼出什么是真正的公平,并对此进行推理。”)可知,此处说明人们可以通过切蛋糕这个问题来提炼什么是真正的公平,所以distill的意思应该是“提炼”,和选项A意思一致。故选A。
29.C 推理判断题。根据第三段“But when personal preferences are taken into account, even the easiest rule becomes complicated. Suppose Alice and Bob are to divide a cake, and Alice knows Bob prefers chocolate—she may knowingly divide the cake unequally so the smaller piece contains more chocolate. Then Bob will choose according to his preference, and Alice will get the larger piece. Both of them are satisfied with what they get, but the meaning of fairness changes in this situation.”(但当考虑到个人偏好时,即使是最简单的规则也会变得复杂。假设爱丽丝和鲍勃要分一块蛋糕,爱丽丝知道鲍勃更喜欢巧克力,她可能会故意把蛋糕分得不相等,这样小的那块含有更多的巧克力。然后鲍勃会根据自己的喜好进行选择,爱丽丝会得到更大的一块。他们都对所得到的蛋糕感到满意,但公平的意义在这种情况下发生了变化。)可知,公平这一概念是很复杂的。故选C。
30.A 推理判断题。根据第四段“The cake is a symbol for any divisible good. When cake cutting principles are employed to settle disagreements, they are potentially helping the world find solutions. Procaccia has used fair division algorithms (算法) to model food distribution. Social scientist Haris Aziz is exploring situations ranging from how to divide up daily tasks to how to best schedule doctors’ shifts in hospitals.”(蛋糕是任何可分割物品的象征。当切蛋糕的原则被用来解决分歧时,它们有可能帮助世界找到解决方案。Procaccia使用公平分配算法对食物分配进行建模。社会科学家Haris Aziz正在探索各种情况,从如何分配日常任务到如何最合理地安排医生在医院的轮班。)可知,这一段主要介绍了切蛋糕规则的应用。故选A。
31.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ariel Procaccia has thought a lot about how to cut a cake over the last 15 years. As the father of three children, he knows how hard it is to divide a birthday cake to everyone’s satisfaction. But it’s also because Procaccia’s work focuses on exploring the mathematical rules for dividing stuff up fairly. One way to do that is think abstractly about dessert.”(Ariel Procaccia在过去的15年里思考了很多关于如何切蛋糕的问题。作为三个孩子的父亲,他知道分生日蛋糕时做到让每个人都满意有多难。但这也是因为Procaccia的工作专注于探索公平划分事物的数学规则。一种方法是抽象地思考甜点。)和最后一段“Even after decades of investigation, cake cutting isn’t like a simple jigsaw puzzle(拼图) with a well-defined solution. Instead, over time, it has evolved into a kind of mathematical sandbox, a constructive playground that brings together abstract proofs and easy applications. The more researchers explore it, the more there is to explore.”(即使经过几十年的调查,切蛋糕也不像一个简单的拼图,有明确的解决方案。相反,随着时间的推移,它已经演变成一种数学沙盒,一个将抽象证明和简单应用程序结合在一起的建设性游乐场。研究人员对它的探索越多,就越有探索的余地。)可知,这篇文章主要介绍了研究者为什么对切蛋糕这个问题如此感兴趣。故选D。
D
【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。 文章主要介绍了“选择悖论”这一现象,即过多的选择会让人们感到困惑和不满,从而降低消费者的满意度。文章还介绍了“最大化者”和“满足者”的区别,以及心理学和行为经济学在解决这一问题中的作用。
32.A 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Imagine you need milk, so you go to the grocery store to pick some up, only to find there are dozens of options.”以及“You have no idea what milk to pick. There are so many choices that you are confused.”可知,购物时牛奶品类众多,以至于很难做出决策。这是下文“选择悖论”这一现象的一个案例。由此可推知,文章第一段提到买牛奶是为了引出文章的话题。故选A。
33.A 推理判断题。根据第二段的“While we might believe that being presented with multiple options actually makes it easier to choose one that we are happy with, and thus increases consumer satisfaction, having too many options actually requires more effort to make a decision and can leave us feeling unsatisfied with our choice.”可知,选择太多实际上需要付出更多的努力才能做出决定,这会让我们对自己的选择感到不满意。由此可推知,更多的选择意味着更少的满足感。故选A。
34.B 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Maximizers, unlike satisficers, are concerned with making the best choice instead of simply making a choice that they are happy with.”(与满足者不同,最大化者关心的是做出最好的选择,而不是简单地做出他们满意的选择。)可推知,满足者跟随自己的感觉,不纠结于必须做出“最好的”决定。故选B。
35.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Instead of believing that freedom of choice is unlimited, Schwartz advocates that the role of psychology and behavioural economics should be to find the kind of limitations on freedom that can lead to the greatest level of happiness within society.”(施瓦茨不认为选择的自由是无限的,而是主张心理学和行为经济学的作用应该是找到对自由的限制,从而让人们在社会中获得最大程度的幸福。)可知,施瓦茨建议人们限制自己的选择。故选D。
第二节
【文章大意】 本文是说明文,介绍了为什么大公司尽管已经取得了全球性的成功,仍然需要进行大量的广告宣传。
36.G 根据前文“Certain brands and products can be easily recognized at a glance by people worldwide.”以及后文“Just mentioning the words ‘golden arches (拱门)’ brings to mind burgers and fries from McDonald’s.”可知,前文介绍了某些品牌和产品很容易被世界各地的人们一眼认出,后文列举了麦当劳的例子,所以空处也可能是在举例子,所以G项(几乎每个人都熟悉可口可乐的红色标签或华为的象征性花朵标志。)符合文意,是对前文的举例说明。故选G项。
37.B 根据前文“With such universal popularity, many people are confused as to why these large and famous companies do so much advertising and have such large advertising budgets.”可知,B项(毕竟,它们在全球的成功不应该不言自明吗 )是对前文问题的进一步提问,从而引出本文主题,符合文意。故选B项。
38.C 根据前文“Most business owners who are just starting to understand how vital advertising is to their growth. Putting in the time and money to market your company can help it grow over time.”可知,C项(同样的原则也适用于较老的成功品牌。)是对前文的进一步说明,其中this same principle指的是前文提到的“投入时间和金钱来营销你的公司可以帮助它随着时间的推移而成长。”,符合文意。故选C项。
39.E 设空处位于段首,是本段的中心句。根据后文“Is it better to stick to traditional forms of media, like newspapers and television, or embrace (接纳) new forms of online advertising on social media sites While many new smaller companies tend to focus their limited budgets on social media and Internet marketing, it is usually better for larger, well-established companies to do both. For example, over 95% of homes receive television signals, while only around 75% of the population has access to the Internet.”可知,本段主要介绍了不同类型的公司如何做广告,所以E项(公司必须找到答案的另一个主要问题是如何做广告。)符合本段主题,为本段中心句。故选E项,
40.D 根据前文“While many new smaller companies tend to focus their limited budgets on social media and Internet marketing, it is usually better for larger, well-established companies to do both. For example, over 95% of homes receive television signals, while only around 75% of the population has access to the Internet.”可知,D项(因此,电视广告让公司接触到更多的人。)和前文构成因果关系,并引出后文“Also, older, wealthier people are more likely to notice television advertising than online advertising.”,符合文意。故选D项。
第三部分
第一节
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个关于传递善意的故事,作者在邮局寄东西时遇到了付款上的困难,一个陌生男子主动帮她支付了费用,嘱咐她只需要把爱传递下去。后来,她发现了一张丢失的信用卡,并通过努力找到了失主,帮助一个年轻的母亲解决了问题。通过这些经历,作者深刻体会到接受和给予善意的感觉是同样美好的。
41.D 根据下文“Grasped…in my hand was the form giving permission to print my story.”可知,作者手里攥着允许自己发表文章的表格,因此作者写的故事是被允许出版。故选D。education教育;application申请;communication沟通; publication出版。
42.C 根据上文“That day I walked in the post office with a huge smile.”和下文lightness in my heart可知,作者此时带着灿烂的笑容,内心变得轻松,因此步伐是轻快的,固定短语a spring in one’s step意为“步伐轻快”。故选C。 faith信仰; lead领先地位;spring活力;doubt疑问。
43.A 根据上文“After months of stressful life events, I had (a)…in my step and lightness in my heart.”可知,作者之前几个月生活很紧张,在得知作品要被发表后内心变得轻松,由此可推知,作者很重视发表作品这件事,应该是把表格紧紧地攥在手里。故选A。firmly紧紧地;casually随意地;blindly盲目地;effortlessly毫不费力地。
44.C 根据下文“…he held out a ten-dollar bill.”可知,一个男人帮作者支付了10美元的钞票,因此是只收现金。故选C。signature签名;check支票;cash现金;credit信贷。
45.B 根据上文“Ten dollars…only.”可知,作者需要付钱,因此是翻遍钱包找钱。故选B。form表格;purse钱包;envelope信封;car汽车。
46.A 根据上文“But without luck. Tears clouded my vision.”可知,作者很不幸没找到钱,因此哭了,由此可推知,这个男人的目光充满同情,帮作者付了钱。故选A。sympathetic同情的;curious好奇的;hopeful充满希望的;appreciative感激的。
47.B 根据上文“…he held out a ten-dollar bill.”可知,一个男人帮作者支付了10美元的钞票,他只是让作者把爱传递下去,由此可推知,作者会因被拯救于没法付费的困境而欣喜若狂。故选B。desire渴望;joy快乐;panic恐慌;despair绝望。
48.A 根据下文“…I was walking back to my car…”可知,作者是在向自己的车走去,由此可推知,她是在走的过程中思考那个男人的好意。故选A。reflect on思考;count on依靠;hunt for寻找;allow for考虑到。
49.D 根据下文“…I played a detective for several blocks.”可知,作者在几个街区里扮演侦探的角色,想找到信用卡的失主,因此此处指她下定决心要做这件事。故选D。hesitant犹豫的;content满足的;inspired受鼓舞的;determined坚决的。
50.B 根据上文“…I played a detective for several blocks.”可知,作者在几个街区里扮演侦探的角色,试图寻找信用卡的失主,由此可推知,她注意到了这位年轻的母亲。故选B。anticipate预期;spot注意到;recognize认出;contact联系。
51.A 根据下文“‘I believe this is yours,’ I handed her the card.”可知,这位年轻的母亲是信用卡的失主,因此她是在仔细搜寻后面的袋子,想找到自己丢失的信用卡,固定短语dig through意为“仔细搜寻”。故选A。dig搜寻; see看见; cut切割; tear撕裂。
52.D 根据上文“‘I believe this is yours,’ I handed her the card.”可知,作者把捡到的信用卡还给了这位年轻的母亲,因此是挽救了她的一天。故选D。fuel刺激;enrich使丰富;mark标记;save挽救。
53.B 根据上文叙述的陌生男子主动帮作者支付了费用,作者感到特别开心,后来作者努力找到信用卡的失主,帮助一个年轻的母亲解决了问题,这位母亲真诚地道谢可推知,作者在这两次经历中体验到的感觉是同样的美好。故选B。partly部分地;equally同样地;seemingly表面上;naturally自然地。
54.C 根据上文叙述的陌生男子主动帮作者支付了费用,嘱咐她只需要把爱传递下去,然后作者真的做到了,她努力找到信用卡的失主,帮助一个年轻的母亲解决了问题可推知,此处指作者亲身经历了这句话的字面意思。故选C。stamp重踩;imagine想象;experience经历;accept接受。
55.C 根据“When it…acts of kindness, all forms of payment are acceptable.”可知,说到善举,任何形式的付出都是可以接收的。when it comes to…意为“当谈到……的时候”,符合语境。故选C。apply to申请;refer to提到;come to达到;belong to属于。
第二节
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国传统工艺“点翠”的历史、特点、工艺和价值。
56.decorated 考查非谓语动词。objects与decorate之间是逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填decorated。
57.enormously 考查副词。空处修饰动词prized,应用副词形式。故填enormously。
58.irreplaceable 考查形容词。空后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语,根据句意可知,此处表达“不可替代的角色”之意,应用irreplaceable作定语,符合语境。故填irreplaceable。
59.were considered 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。consider和主语kingfisher feathers之间是被动关系,用被动语态,根据时间状语in ancient China可知,用一般过去时,主语为复数。故填were considered。
60.a 考查冠词。此处泛指“一种品质”,应用不定冠词修饰,且unique的发音以辅音音素开头,应用a修饰。故填a。
61.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是diancui,指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,用which引导。故填which。
62.and 考查连词。根据句意可知,became very popular in the Tang and Song dynasties和reached its height in the Ming and Qing dynasties是并列关系,用and连接。故填and。
63.originality 考查名词。根据前文creativity可知,空处应填名词和creativity并列作宾语。故填originality。
64.as 考查介词。此处是固定搭配:stand out as意为“作为……脱颖而出”。故填as。
65.to obtain 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to obtain。
第四部分
第一节
One possible version:
Dear James,
I hope this e-mail finds you well. We are grateful for your enthusiasm for celebrating our class winning first prize at the English Drama Festival. Your support means a lot to us!
Based on the survey I conducted, 88% of us are enthusiastic about a weekend outing, while 59% favour an English movie night, followed by 32% who prefer a food party. My preference is in line with the majority, so I suggest a hiking trip along the nearby green way, which has lively plants and stunning views. Such an outing is perfect for us to take a break from study routines, strengthen friendship and make our success more memorable.
Thanks again for your thoughtful gesture. Looking forward to our exciting celebration!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
【思路点拨】 本篇文章以人物和故事发展为线索展开。作者家庭贫困,但因为母亲的年薪多了100美元而失去了申请奖学金的资格。虽然家里无法给作者提供经济支持,但作者决定靠兼职赚来的收入支付大学费用。作者在学校里渴望交朋友,但很多活动都很费钱,所以作者选择了和室友一起喝咖啡这种便宜的出行活动。后来作者到达超市时发现自己面值20美元的钞票不见了,这相当于作者两周的生活费,但作者和室友却无论如何都找不到了。作者抱着一丝希望在咖啡店的Facebook上留言,很快就收到了咖啡店的回复,但作者去认领钱时发现这不是自己的那张钞票,原来是室友悄悄让咖啡店给作者的。这件事让作者很感动,不再害怕在新城市中生活,因为作者身边有一群慷慨有爱的室友。
【详解】
1.段落续写:
①由续写第一段首句“作为最后一次尝试,我在咖啡店的Facebook页面上发了一条信息,问他们是否看到了。”可知,第一段可以描写发完消息后作者收到了咖啡店的回复,上面说找到了作者的钱,于是作者快速赶回咖啡店,去了之后店员拿出一张面值20美元的钞票询问是否属于他。
②由续写第二段首句“我说:‘哦……这不是我的,我的钞票是一张破旧的。’”可知,第二段可以描写店员解释这张钱是室友给的,室友的善意让作者非常感动。
2.续写线索:作者在咖啡店的Facebook上询问—作者内心很沮丧—店员在Facebook上回复找到了一张面值20美元的钞票—作者赶回咖啡店—店员拿着钞票询问作者—作者说这不是自己的钱—店员解释了这张钞票的来源—作者内心很感动—作者的感悟
One possible version:
As a final attempt, I messaged the coffee shop’s Facebook page asking if they’d seen it. Least expecting a reply from them(分词作状语), I logged off with enormous discouragement and continuous self-blame. How I wished I had been careful enough(感叹句) so that the note would not slip out without my notice(目的状语从句). However, after five minutes, an alert from Facebook broke off my negative thoughts. “Yes, we indeed found a 20-dollar note. Please come asap!” The above words from the coffee shop instantly fueled me with energy. Without hesitation, I rushed back with a rapturous heart. Hardly had I entered the shop when a sweet-looking barista handed me a shiny 20-dollar note and asked tentatively, “Sir, is it yours ”(部分倒装)
I said, “Oh…This isn’t mine; my note was an old worn one.” Beaming a most radiant smile(分词作状语), the barista explained gently that this note was from my most kind-hearted roommates(宾语从句), who, after witnessing my despair and devastation, would like to extend a helping hand(定语从句). Hearing this(分词作状语), I felt a surge of warmth swelled up in my heart and my eyes were instantly moistened with grateful tears. Yes, life might be hard for me in a new city. But with the unreserved generosity and unwavering support from my roommates, I knew I could pull through any difficulty and rise to any challenge. Indeed, life is not a bed of roses, but love from my roommates makes the world go around. Plus, I am bound to pay forward their kindness by helping more needy people like me.单元素养测评卷(四)
Unit 4
(时间:120分钟 分值:150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
( )1.What did the woman just do
A.She looked for a backpack.
B.She did her homework.
C.She took some exercise.
( )2.Where does the cat usually stay
A.In a tree. B.In a basket.
C.In the kitchen.
( )3.What is the woman doing now
A.Eating in a cafe. B.Cooking her lunch.
C.Studying for an exam.
( )4.How much does the dress cost now
A.$54. B.$60. C.$66.
( )5.What advice would the woman offer Ted
A.Buy some new clothes. B.Pay attention to his look.
C.Shave every week.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答6、7题。
( )6.What does the man want to do
A.Order some dog food. B.Buy a new pet.
C.Go to London.
( )7.Who will help the man
A.Nancy. B.Miss Smith.
C.Mr Graham.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
( )8.What is the man’s plan for Saturday evening
A.To go shopping. B.To attend a concert.
C.To walk by a lake.
( )9.Where will the man stay during the weekend trip
A.At his uncle’s. B.In a country cottage.
C.In a five-star hotel.
( )10.What will the woman do this weekend
A.Read some novels. B.Go boating.
C.Visit her parents.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
( )11.What do the speakers mainly talk about
A.Which university to go to.
B.What to choose as a job.
C.Where to earn more money.
( )12.Why does the woman make her decision
A.She needs more money to support her family.
B.Her family live far away from the city.
C.The villages are short of good doctors.
( )13.What will the man probably be in the future
A.A researcher. B.A teacher.
C.An officer.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
( )14.How long will the course run this year
A.Six weeks. B.Seven weeks.
C.Eight weeks.
( )15.What was the woman surprised at
A.The lack of assistants. B.The condition of weather.
C.The number of children.
( )16.What made last year’s course unsuccessful
A.There were too many assistants.
B.There were too many boring activities.
C.There was too much rain.
( )17.What new activities can the children have this year
A.Adventure sports. B.Fun programmes.
C.Creative classes.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
( )18.How many languages can Persephone use to answer questions
A.1. B.30. C.33.
( )19.Why does Kartalis want to improve Persephone
A.It can only speak limited languages.
B.It moves quite slowly.
C.It has poor communication skills.
( )20.What is Karafera’s attitude towards robots’ future
A.Disapproving. B.Supportive.
C.Objective.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A [2024·重庆部分区高二期末联考]
What if I were to tell you that there is a magical place where you can get paid to play and channel your inner child This is an opportunity to break free from the world of boring day jobs. Trust me, the grass is greener on the other side and I’m handing you an open invitation to come see for yourself! Join us, as a summer camp counselor (辅导员)!
Duties
Typically, your campers’ ages will range between 7 and 17 years old. Your role would be to lead and supervise children in both recreational and educational activities within a residential area. Your duties include providing children with emotional support in things like newly introduced skill sets, conflicts with other campers, and potential separation anxiety from home. Your main objective would be to guarantee (确保) that every participant is safe.
Salary
A summer camp counselor’s hourly pay is on average $10. The weekly average pay is $420. Junior level pay is about $320 a week. Senior level pay is roughly $560 a week.
If you have no related experience then you will start as an assistant for at least 4 weeks and get a quarter of the junior level salary.
Qualifications
You have to be 18 or older and have graduated from high school. It is encouraged but not required to have certificates in lifeguarding. Training in first aid is ideal. It is also preferred that you have had exposure to some sort of childcare in the past.
Your days as a camp counselor will be very rewarding!
( )21.What is a counselor’s main duty
A.Easing anxiety.
B.Ensuring safety.
C.Solving conflicts.
D.Introducing skills.
( )22.How much can an assistant earn in the first 4 weeks
A.$320. B.$420.
C.$560. D.$1,280.
( )23.Which is a must for an applicant
A.First aid training.
B.Experience in childcare.
C.A high school certificate.
D.Qualifications in lifeguarding.
B [2024·江苏宿迁高二期末]
After having her second child, 35-year-old Eman Wagdy Selim felt that she had a bigger purpose in life. Although her background was in language and translation, the young Egyptian woman, with her husband’s support, had an idea to create a platform called AI Faraza to provide high-quality fruits and vegetables at competitive prices. After listing 150 products, the platform began offering meat and cheese as well through start-up companies.
In 2019, Eman developed the project further into an app that allowed Egyptian women and other small-business owners who sold home-made meals, as well as local farmers, to bring their products to a wider audience.
Today, AI Faraza, an Egyptian word that refers to careful and attentive selection, supports Egyptian women in particular, providing them with job opportunities and income to secure decent lives for themselves and their families. They also have access to training opportunities to learn how to best prepare, market and sell home-made food to customers in Egypt through the app.
Eman’s idea only became a reality after she heard about the One Million Arab Coders Initiative, which provides online training courses to help Arab youth build and master coding skills so they can pursue jobs in digital technologies and develop their own high-tech projects.
She enrolled in the Initiative’s Data Analysis track, where she learned how to transform data into successful ideas. Gaining these skills was a vital step towards the success of AI Faraza, and Eman is proud of the personal growth and achievements she has experienced thanks to the Initiative.
Overjoyed at the success of her project, Eman says, “AI Faraza has helped change the lives of 800 Egyptian women, and we will continue to grow and develop our project. We promise that we will expand the app’s reach to be accessible to all Egyptian women, wherever they are, so that we can grow together as one team.”
( )24.What is the initial purpose of “AI Faraza”
A.To fulfil her life purpose.
B.To offer cost-effective goods.
C.To improve Egyptian women’s status.
D.To help the locals promote their products.
( )25.How did Eman help Egyptians
A.By funding locals to expand businesses.
B.By providing a platform to increase income.
C.By donating daily necessities to secure decent lives.
D.By spreading professional knowledge to support them.
( )26.What plays a crucial role in the success of the project
A.Her optimism for the project.
B.The training courses to land jobs.
C.The skills acquired in the Initiative.
D.Her background in language and translation.
( )27.Which of the following can best describe Eman
A.Responsible and modest.
B.Ambitious and diligent.
C.Honest and determined.
D.Caring and enterprising.
C
Ariel Procaccia has thought a lot about how to cut a cake over the last 15 years. As the father of three children, he knows how hard it is to divide a birthday cake to everyone’s satisfaction. But it’s also because Procaccia’s work focuses on exploring the mathematical rules for dividing stuff up fairly. One way to do that is think abstractly about dessert.
For decades, researchers have been asking the seemingly simple question of how to cut a cake fairly. The answer reaches far beyond birthday parties. A mathematical problem at its heart, cake cutting connects strict reasoning to real-world issues of fairness, and so attracts not only mathematicians, but also social scientists, economists and more. “It’s a very elegant model in which you can distill what fairness really is, and reason about it,” Procaccia says.
The simplest approach is called the “divider-chooser” method, where one person cuts the cake into two equal pieces in his view, and the other person picks first. Each receives a piece that they feel is as valuable as the other’s. But when personal preferences are taken into account, even the easiest rule becomes complicated. Suppose Alice and Bob are to divide a cake, and Alice knows Bob prefers chocolate—she may knowingly divide the cake unequally so the smaller piece contains more chocolate. Then Bob will choose according to his preference, and Alice will get the larger piece. Both of them are satisfied with what they get, but the meaning of fairness changes in this situation.
The cake is a symbol for any divisible good. When cake cutting principles are employed to settle disagreements, they are potentially helping the world find solutions. Procaccia has used fair division algorithms (算法) to model food distribution. Social scientist Haris Aziz is exploring situations ranging from how to divide up daily tasks to how to best schedule doctors’ shifts in hospitals.
Even after decades of investigation, cake cutting isn’t like a simple jigsaw puzzle (拼图) with a well-defined solution. Instead, over time, it has evolved into a kind of mathematical sandbox, a constructive playground that brings together abstract proofs and easy applications. The more researchers explore it, the more there is to explore.
( )28.What does the underlined word “distill” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Get the essence of.
B.Find the opposite of.
C.Keep the focus on.
D.Reduce the impact on.
( )29.What can we learn about fairness from the example given in Paragraph 3
A.Its standard is stable.
B.It prevents unequal division.
C.Its concept is complex.
D.It dominates personal preferences.
( )30.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about concerning cake cutting
A.The application of its rules.
B.The details of its process.
C.The problems it produces.
D.The harmony it symbolizes.
( )31.What is the best title for the text
A.Who benefits most from fairness
B.How has fairness changed over time
C.What method works best in cake cutting
D.Why are researchers so interested in cake cutting
D
Imagine you need milk, so you go to the grocery store to pick some up, only to find there are dozens of options. These days, you have to make a decision on not only the percentage of fat you want, but also what source you want your milk to be coming from: cows, soybeans… You have no idea what milk to pick. There are so many choices that you are confused.
This phenomenon is known as the paradox (悖论) of choice and it is becoming a concern in the modern world, where more and more options are becoming easily available to us. While we might believe that being presented with multiple options actually makes it easier to choose one that we are happy with, and thus increases consumer satisfaction, having too many options actually requires more effort to make a decision and can leave us feeling unsatisfied with our choice.
The idea was popularized by American psychologist Barry Schwartz when he published his book, The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less. Schwartz, who has long studied the ways in which economics and psychology intersect (交叉), became interested in seeing the way that choices were affecting the happiness of citizens in Western societies. He identified that the range of choices that we have available to us these days is far greater than that people had in the past; however, consumer satisfaction has not increased as much as traditional economics theories might expect.
Schwartz identified that the paradox of choice carries the most consequence for people that are maximizers. Maximizers, unlike satisficers, are concerned with making the best choice instead of simply making a choice that they are happy with. When there are many options available to maximizers, it becomes harder for them to determine which is the best, which can cause them to feel a great deal of regret after they have made a choice.
Instead of believing that freedom of choice is unlimited, Schwartz advocates that the role of psychology and behavioural economics should be to find the kind of limitations on freedom that can lead to the greatest level of happiness within society.
( )32.What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning buying milk in Paragraph 1
A.To lead in the topic.
B.To draw a conclusion.
C.To show that we have more choices when shopping.
D.To indicate that people pay greater attention to health when shopping.
( )33.What does the paradox of choice suggest
A.More options mean less satisfaction.
B.Consumer satisfaction has greatly increased.
C.People are happy with more choices.
D.Modern people are happier than their ancestors.
( )34.What can be learned about satisficers
A.They aim for the very best.
B.They tend to follow their feelings.
C.They often regret their decisions.
D.They have trouble making a decision.
( )35.What does Schwartz suggest people do
A.Hold on to their beliefs.
B.Accept their own behaviour.
C.Give up freedom.
D.Restrict their own choices.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
[2024·河南洛阳高二期末]
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Certain brands and products can be easily recognized at a glance by people worldwide. 36. Just mentioning the words “golden arches (拱门)” brings to mind burgers and fries from McDonald’s. With such universal popularity, many people are confused as to why these large and famous companies do so much advertising and have such large advertising budgets. 37.
Most business owners who are just starting to understand how vital advertising is to their growth. Putting in the time and money to market your company can help it grow over time. 38. Continuing to advertise after achieving success helps businesses maintain a positive image with the public. It can also help attract new customers as demographics (客户群体) change as time passes. Furthermore, advertising helps to inform your customers of updates on old products and introduce new ones. However, the ultimate goal of advertising for both big and small companies is to earn more income and maximize profits.
39. Is it better to stick to traditional forms of media, like newspapers and television, or embrace (接纳) new forms of online advertising on social media sites While many new smaller companies tend to focus their limited budgets on social media and Internet marketing, it is usually better for larger, well-established companies to do both. For example, over 95% of homes receive television signals, while only around 75% of the population has access to the Internet. 40. Also, older, wealthier people are more likely to notice television advertising than online advertising. While the focus of advertising might change over time, companies must certainly continue to use it to grow.
A.Is advertising necessary
B.After all, shouldn’t their global success speak for itself
C.This same principle holds true for older successful brands.
D.Therefore, television advertising gives companies access to more people.
E.Another major question companies must find the answer to is how to advertise.
F.The money invested in these advertisements could be used for more worthwhile businesses.
G.Almost everyone is familiar with the red labeling of Coca-Cola or the symbolic flower logo of Huawei.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
That day I walked in the post office with a huge smile. My story had been accepted for 41 in a book. After months of stressful life events, I had (a) 42 in my step and lightness in my heart.
Grasped 43 in my hand was the form giving permission to print my story. As the clerk stuck the form to my envelope, she said, “Ten dollars, 44 only. Our system is dead today.” I fished through my 45 . But without luck. Tears clouded my vision.
Then a deep voice behind me said, “I’ll take care of it.” I turned and met a man’s 46 gaze as he held out a ten-dollar bill. “Just pay it forward,” he said.
That often-overused phrase sent 47 down through my toes. 48 his kindness, I was walking back to my car when I noticed something glowing in the sun. It was a credit card.
49 to find the owner, I played a detective for several blocks. Then I 50 a young mother with three children. She was 51 through some bags in the back. I approached and asked, “Are you Jessica Slate ” Her eyes got round. “Yes!” “I believe this is yours,” I handed her the card. “You 52 my day,” she wiped away tears, “truly.”
While driving home, I mused that being kind on both the receiving and the giving end felt 53 good. First with cash, then with the credit card, I had 54 a literal interpretation of paying it forward. When it 55 acts of kindness, all forms of payment are acceptable.
( )41.A.education B.application
C.communication D.publication
( )42.A.faith B.lead
C.spring D.doubt
( )43.A.firmly B.casually
C.blindly D.effortlessly
( )44.A.signature B.check
C.cash D.credit
( )45.A.form B.purse
C.envelope D.car
( )46.A.sympathetic B.curious
C.hopeful D.appreciative
( )47.A.desire B.joy
C.panic D.despair
( )48.A.Reflecting on B.Counting on
C.Hunting for D.Allowing for
( )49.A.Hesitant B.Content
C.Inspired D.Determined
( )50.A.anticipated B.spotted
C.recognized D.contacted
( )51.A.digging B.seeing
C.cutting D.tearing
( )52.A.fueled B.enriched
C.marked D.saved
( )53.A.partly B.equally
C.seemingly D.naturally
( )54.A.stamped B.imagined
C.experienced D.accepted
( )55.A.applies to B.refers to
C.comes to D.belongs to
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
[2024·江苏盐城高二期末]
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Decoration with feathers is a universal phenomenon in human history. In the past, objects 56. (decorate) with feathers were regarded as fine art works and therefore were 57. (enormous) prized.
In this subject, Chinese tradition plays a(n) 58. (replaceable) role. In ancient China, kingfisher (翠鸟) feathers, with blue or violet colours, 59. (consider) one of the best materials for luxury decoration. These feathers possess 60. unique quality that allows them to display a remarkable range of colours when hit by light.
Dotting a surface with kingfisher feathers was called diancui, 61. is a major traditional feather decoration technique in China. Dating back to the Warring States Period, this technique became very popular in the Tang and Song dynasties 62. reached its height in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It represented an invaluable part of the nation’s history and demonstrated the creativity and 63. (original) of the Chinese people.
The diancui technique was complex, standing out 64. a shining example of craftsmanship (工匠精神). Craftsman put the feather of a kingfisher on a base metal and adjusted the tiny structure and materials 65. (obtain) various colour effects. This showed a high level of artistic achievement.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你班在校英语戏剧节中获得一等奖,外教James打算为此在本周末庆祝,并委托你调查同学们喜欢的庆祝方式。请你根据调查结果,给外教写一封邮件,内容包括:
1.表达感谢;
2.提出个人建议;
3.说明理由。
注意: 1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear James,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was a poor university student. I should have been going to university on a scholarship because I came from a low-income family, but a last-minute ￡100-a-year pay rise for my mum pushed my family over the threshold (门槛) for what defined “low-income” and I was suddenly no longer qualified for ￡15,000 a year in scholarship money. This news came after I’d been accepted by the university and signed the lease (租约) for my accommodation.
Despite my family not being labelled low-income anymore, I still wouldn’t receive any financial support from my family as all the income went towards taking care of my disabled brother and paying their own bills. It would be tight, but because I had savings from my part-time job, I decided to go to university anyway. After paying my rent, I had ￡10.20 a week for everything else including food, toiletries, and school supplies.
As I was in a new city, I really wanted to make friends, which was difficult when most of the social activities were expensive. Therefore, I jumped at the chance to do a relatively cheap coffee shop trip with my roommates who were pleasant to me.
I had ￡20 with me to get a cheap cup of coffee and my food shopping for a few weeks. So I headed for the coffee shop. While paying, I pulled out the note and a handful of change and realized I could pay without breaking the note, so I put it back in my pocket. It wasn’t until I arrived at the supermarket that I realized the note was gone. What should I do I was desperate as it was the equivalent (相等物) of two weeks of money. My roommates helped me look for the note. However, it was in vain. Finally, I went to school empty-handed.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
As a final attempt, I messaged the coffee shop’s Facebook page asking if they’d seen it.
Paragraph 2:
I said, “Oh…This isn’t mine; my note was an old worn one.”
