单元小测(Unit 1)
Ⅰ.1.breathless 2.forgiveness 3.embarrassment
4.independence 5.annoyed 6.concerned 7.to try
8.adjustable 9.To ensure 10.Written
Ⅱ.1.worked out 2.by accident/chance 3.in advance
4.adjust to 5.help out 6.in a mess 7.pulling our (own) weight 8.calm down 9.let;down 10.settled down
Ⅲ.1.which is why we should recycle and reduce waste
2.Embarrassed about 3.Moved by this music
4.Having resolved the challenging maths problem
5.that his favourite team won the match
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与好朋友之间的矛盾。
1.broke 考查动词时态。根据句中时间状语last Saturday可知,此处用一般过去时。故填broke。
2.Originally 考查副词。此处为副词作状语,修饰整个句子。故填Originally。
3.posted 考查非谓语动词。 此处为过去分词作定语,修饰message。故填posted。
4.a 考查冠词。give sb a call意为“给某人打电话”。故填a。
5.To 考查介词。to one’s surprise意为“令某人惊讶的是”,句首单词首字母应大写。故填To。
6.was expected 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词,she和expect之间是被动关系,应该用被动语态。be expected to do sth意为“被期望做某事”,结合时间状语on Saturday afternoon可知,用一般过去时。主语为第三人称单数,谓语也应用单数。故填was expected。
7.anger 考查名词。介词with后接名词作宾语。故填anger。
8.response 考查名词。动词make后接名词作宾语。故填response。
9.whether/if 考查宾语从句。此处引导宾语从句,从句不缺少成分,句意需有“是否”之意。故填whether/if。
10.rethinking 考查固定搭配。suggest doing sth意为“建议做某事”。故填rethinking。
Ⅴ.A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现睡眠不足可能会导致人们误解他人的情绪,从而留下不好的印象。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段“Since facial expressions are helpful in understanding the emotional state of others, spending less time focusing on faces after serious sleep loss may increase the risk that you misunderstand others’ feelings…”可知,睡眠不足可能会导致人们误解他人的情绪。故选A。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段“Participants were also asked to assess the attractiveness and trustworthiness of the faces they saw.”可知,研究人员在进行这项研究时,要求参与者进行评价。故选A。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Negative social impressions of people after sleep loss may lead to social withdrawal by those with sleep issues, suggest the researchers.”可推知,睡眠不足的人会给别人留下不好的社会印象。故选D。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists continue to discover ways in which a lack of sleep affects our mental and physical health—now a new study reveals that a serious lack of sleep can even influence the way we see other people.”并结合文章主要说明了研究发现睡眠不足可能会导致人们误解他人的情绪,从而留下不好的印象可知,这篇文章的主旨是睡眠不足会影响我们的社会关系。故选C。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证,通过对比不同的人类本性观点,分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。
5.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“He believes that forgivers are risking their own well-being as they show forgiveness to others, who might then take advantage of them.”可知,Droll认为宽恕者在宽恕他人的同时,也在损害自己的幸福。故选C项。
6.B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. Consider, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a way of social harmony ”可知,作者以奴隶制为例,以反问的方式,阐明支配控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐和幸福,即控制就是伤害。故选B项。
7.A 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Given that forgiveness has been shown in numerous studies to increase well-being, it follows that the second approach seems more effective, both from the reasoning of philosophy and the supported theories from social science. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. Consider, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a way of social harmony ”可知,作者认为原谅可以使人们更幸福,而控制不利于社会的和谐,由此可知作者对于原谅持支持的态度。故选A项。
8.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As an important warning, when we take a Classical Realist philosophical viewpoint, that of Aristotle, we see the difference between possibility and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the ability to forgive, but we have the chance to learn and get better at it. The actuality of forgiving, its actual application in conflict situations, grows with certain training.”可知,作者通过亚里士多德的观点,指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力,而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此,原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为,而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选C项。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Marcus是一个英俊而健壮的孩子,经常参加比赛,而他的朋友Conrad因为患有类风湿性关节炎而不能参加活动,Marcus一直用自己的行动鼓励朋友Conrad。
1.B 根据下文the state tournament every year可知,Marcus每年都参加州锦标赛。故选B。give up放弃;compete in参加……比赛;let down 使失望;break through突破。
2.C 根据上文also和下文but可知,Marcus的邻居Conrad也渴望参加比赛,故选C。able能够;lucky幸运的;eager渴望的;frank 坦率的。
3.A 根据上文“…he has rheumatoid arthritis (类风湿性关节炎).”可知,Conrad忍受着疼痛,走到运动场看比赛。故选A。bear忍受;count计算总数;forget忘记;escape逃脱。
4.D 根据上文“He loves watching his school compete…”可知,他喜欢看学校比赛,所以他不会错过比赛。故选D。accept接受;enjoy喜欢;lose输掉;miss错过。
5.C 根据上文“Marcus has known Conrad since primary school.”可推知,他们一直都是朋友。故选C。stranger陌生人;enemy敌人;friend朋友;teacher老师。
6.B 根据下文“…at not being able to play sports.”可知,不能参加体育活动让Conrad很伤心,故选B。surprise惊讶;sadness悲伤;embarrassment 尴尬;tiredness疲劳。
7.B 根据上文“He sees Conrad in pain and his…at not being able to play sports.”可知,Marcus会请求他的同学去Conrad家讨论比赛。故选B。promise允诺;ask请求;drive迫使;force强迫。
8.D 根据下文“…which makes Conrad forget the hurt.”可知,讨论应该很有趣,让Conrad忘记了疼痛。故选D。long长的;noisy吵闹的;boring令人厌烦的;interesting有趣的。
9.A 根据本句句意和语境可知,医生应该是找到了新的治疗方法来减轻Conrad的疼痛。故选A。treatment疗法;excuse借口;period时期;topic话题。
10.D 根据上文“Conrad walks without much pain, and then begins running…”和but可知,Conrad的疼痛得以缓解,然后他开始跑步,但他仍然需要学习跑步的技巧。故选D。goal目标;style风格;speed速度;skill技巧。
11.C 根据上文“After a childhood of walking carefully and taking…”可知,Conrad童年时因为疼痛而小心翼翼地走路,一直迈小步伐。故选C。suitable合适的;serious严肃的;small小的;comfortable舒服的。
12.A 根据上文“…doing the leg lift repeatedly…”可知,Conrad是想增强腿部力量,故选A。strength力量;show动作,样子;shape形状;advantage优点。
13.C 根据上文可知,Conrad渴望参加运动,但是因为患类风湿性关节炎而不能参加体育运动,但现在疼痛得到了很大的缓解,他现在可以运动了,所以跑步不会让他感到痛苦,故选 C。relaxing令人放松的;beneficial有益的;painful痛苦的;meaningful有意义的。
14.D 根据前文和本句中的转折关系可知,Marcus应该是为Conrad欢呼,故选D。criticise 批评;argue争吵;run跑步;cheer欢呼。
15.A 根据上文“…breathing in the wind and waving his hands…”可知,此处指兴奋地挥手,故选A。excitedly兴奋地;curiously好奇地;anxiously焦急地;actively积极地。单元小测(Unit 1)
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.After a series of intense boxing matches, he was (breath) and ready for a break.
2.Overwhelmed by mixed feelings of regret and shame, I ask for my mum’s (forgive).
3.I looked up into her eyes and we smiled at each other without any (embarrass).
4.College is an ideal place to practise adults’ responsibility and (independent).
5.Take a breath and relax yourself instead of focusing on what makes you (annoy), and you will fall asleep soon.
6.After hearing the news about the accident , she felt deeply (concern) and her heart sank with worry.
7.Unwilling to give up, she resolved
(try) again next year after failing this year’s postgraduate admission exam.
8.The backpack’s (adjust) back allows you to change how the bag fits according to your needs.
9. (ensure) success in the future, it is crucial for students to cultivate independent thinking and problem-solving skills.
10. (write) in a hurry, our contract may contain some errors.
●Ⅱ 短语填空
1.Though we met with some difficulties at first, everything (进展顺利) as planned at last.
2.To be frank , success doesn’t happen (偶然地).
3.If I leave for Beijing tomorrow, I will inform you about my schedule (提前).
4.It took him quite a while to (适应) living an independent life.
5.Deeply concerned about the injured in the accident , the local charity was organizing a volunteer group to (帮一把) those in need.
6.She was angry at seeing the kitchen (乱糟糟), the drawers all open, and some oil on the floor.
7.Instead of constantly criticising others, we should focus on (尽责) and contributing positively to the team’s success.
8.Taking a few deep breaths can help you (冷静下来) and relax during stressful situations.
9.Seeing the coach still hesitant, Paul stepped forward and raised his voice, “Trust me, coach! I won’t you (使失望)!”
10.They dashed out of the car, put up the tent and (舒适地坐下) on the grass, enjoying the surrounding breathtaking sights.
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1.It’s our duty to protect the environment, .
保护环境是我们的责任,这就是我们应该回收和减少浪费的原因。
2. the unexpected sense, I left the room without any words immediately. (形容词短语作状语)
对这种意想不到的感觉感到尴尬,我立刻一言不发地离开了房间。
3. , he said, “It was like seeing colour for the first time.” (分词作状语)
他被这段音乐打动了,他说:“那种(兴奋的)感觉就像第一次看到色彩一样。”
4.
, he felt a sense of accomplishment.(分词作状语)
在解决了这个具有挑战性的数学问题后,他感到了一种成就感。
5.Hearing the news , he was too excited to fall asleep last night. (同位语从句)
昨晚听到他最喜欢的团队赢得比赛的消息,他兴奋得难以入眠。
●Ⅳ 语法填空
My friend and I have been close for several years.We’re hardly out of each other’s sight.But last Saturday she 1. (break) my heart.
2. (original), we planned to see a film that afternoon, but in the morning, I learnt from a message 3. (post) on social media that she had a cold. I gave her 4. call telling her to make a recovery at home and she thanked me for my thoughtfulness.
5. my surprise, however, she was seen chatting with another girl in a cafe on Saturday afternoon, when she 6. (expect) to stay at home. Obviously, she lied about her illness. I was filled with 7. (angry) and avoided meeting her all day and still don’t feel like making any 8. (respond) to her online messages. I don’t know 9. I should forgive her if she ignores my feelings or refuses to back down.Some people advise me to have a full and frank talk with her while others suggest 10. (rethink) our relationship. I am at a total loss.
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
A [2024 ·湖北武汉重点中学5G联合体
高一期中]
Scientists continue to discover ways in which a lack of sleep affects our mental and physical health—now a new study reveals that a serious lack of sleep can even influence the way we see other people.
When we’ve gone without sleep, we spend less time fixing our eyes on others’ faces, the study shows. As that’s an important part of reading social signals from those around us, our relationships are likely to suffer. “Since facial expressions are helpful in understanding the emotional state of others, spending less time focusing on faces after serious sleep loss may increase the risk that you misunderstand others’ feelings,” says sleep researcher Lieve van Egmond from Uppsala University in Sweden.
The study authors recruited 45 participants who went through a night without sleep, and another night with 8 hours of sleep, separated by at least a week. In each case, eye-tracking sensors were used the morning after to monitor the subjects as they looked at images of faces. A mix of expressions was shown on the faces: happy, angry and fearful. Participants were also asked to assess the attractiveness and trustworthiness of the faces they saw. When it came to face focus, there was a drop in duration (持续时间) between 6.3—10.6 percent after sleep loss, and this drop happened regardless of the emotion being shown. Overall, faces were regarded as less trustworthy and less attractive after a night without sleep.
“The finding indicates that sleep loss is associated with more negative social impressions of others,” says neuroscientist Christian Benedict from Uppsala University. “This could result in less motivation to interact socially.”
It’s perhaps no surprise that a lack of sleep makes us less likely to want to engage with others, but the study adds some interesting data to the mix. Negative social impressions of people after sleep loss may lead to social withdrawal by those with sleep issues, suggest the researchers.
( )1.What may lack of sleep contribute to
A.Misreading others’ emotions.
B.Becoming angry and fearful.
C.Focusing on others’ faces seldom.
D.Behaving in a different way.
( )2.What did the researchers do while carrying out the study
A.Require participants to evaluate the expressions.
B.Divide participants into two groups.
C.Monitor participants during the whole course.
D.Ask participants to finish the experiment in a row.
( )3.What can we conclude from the study
A.People lack of sleep are more likely to stay at home.
B.The more we sleep, the more likely we are to interact socially.
C.The focus duration will drop less concerning happy faces.
D.People with sleep loss will have a bad social impression of others.
( )4.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Lack of sleep makes us less attractive and trustworthy.
B.Sleeping loss impacts our mental and physical health.
C.Lack of sleep influences our social relationship.
D.Sleeping loss leads to paying little attention to others.
B [2024·山东潍坊寿光市高一期中]
Does forgiveness go against our human nature To address this, we need to ask a further question: What makes us human Simply put, people hold two contrasting views on humanity. The first centres on control and power. In an early paper on forgiveness, Droll (1984) wrote that human nature leans more towards aggression (攻击性) than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against what they’re built for, much to their harm. He believes that forgivers are risking their own well-being as they show forgiveness to others, who might then take advantage of them.
For the second view, we see respect and love, in the sense of serving others, in the work of Lewis, Amini, and Lannon (2001). They present the scientific argument that we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. From this second viewpoint, forgiveness plays a key role in the overall health of both individuals and communities, both physically and mentally, because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the reduction of hatred and the reestablishment of harmony.
Given that control and disrespect can affect a person’s psychological (心理的) and relational well-being, the first approach does not seem workable as a way to live. Given that forgiveness has been shown in numerous studies to increase well-being, it follows that the second approach seems more effective, both from the reasoning of philosophy and the supported theories from social science. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. Consider, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a way of social harmony
As an important warning, when we take a Classical Realist philosophical viewpoint, that of Aristotle, we see the difference between possibility and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the ability to forgive, but we have the chance to learn and get better at it. The actuality of forgiving, its actual application in conflict situations, grows with certain training.
( )5.What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness
A.It is a sign of weakness.
B.It is a part of human nature.
C.It is a threat to one’s well-being.
D.It is a natural response to aggression.
( )6.Why does the author mention “slavery” in Paragraph 3
A.To blame the unfairness of the system.
B.To illustrate the harm from over control.
C.To stress the importance of management.
D.To promote the idea of harmonious interactions.
( )7.What is the author’s attitude towards forgiveness
A.Supportive. B.Doubtful.
C.Objective. D.Uncertain.
( )8.How is forgiveness developed according to Aristotle
A.Born nature. B.Social upbringing.
C.Learned practice. D.Outside pressure.
●Ⅵ 完形填空
Marcus is a handsome and athletic kid.He plays tennis and 1 the state tournament every year. Marcus’s neighbour, Conrad, is also 2 to compete, but he has rheumatoid arthritis (类风湿性关节炎). Although it pains him just to walk, he 3 painful days at school walking to the sports field. He loves watching his school compete so he doesn’t 4 a game.
Marcus has known Conrad since primary school. They’ve always been 5 . He sees Conrad in pain and his 6 at not being able to play sports. So, every day after school, Marcus 7 his classmates to go to Conrad’s for a moment of discussion about the game competition. The discussion is as 8 as a real high school game, which makes Conrad forget the hurt.
Finally, the doctors find a new 9 to reduce the pain. Conrad walks without much pain, and then begins running, but he still has to learn the 10 of running. After a childhood of walking carefully and taking 11 steps, Conrad has to train his walking like a kid again and stay in shape. He pushes himself every day, building his lungs and doing the leg lift repeatedly for his leg 12 . He knows what the pain feels like, but running for Conrad is no longer 13 .
To Conrad’s delight, he gets a chance to join the cross country team. Conrad doesn’t win, not once, but Marcus is there, 14 for him who always finishes in the middle of the competitors, breathing in the wind and waving his hands 15 .
( )1.A.gives up B.competes in
C.lets down D.breaks through
( )2.A.able B.lucky
C.eager D.frank
( )3.A.bears B.counts
C.forgets D.escapes
( )4.A.accept B.enjoy
C.lose D.miss
( )5.A.strangers B.enemies
C.friends D.teachers
( )6.A.surprise B.sadness
C.embarrassment D.tiredness
( )7.A.promises B.asks
C.drives D.forces
( )8.A.long B.noisy
C.boring D.interesting
( )9.A.treatment B.excuse
C.period D.topic
( )10.A.goal B.style
C.speed D.skill
( )11.A.suitable B.serious
C.small D.comfortable
( )12.A.strength B.show
C.shape D.advantage
( )13.A.relaxing B.beneficial
C.painful D.meaningful
( )14.A.criticising B.arguing
C.running D.cheering
( )15.A.excitedly B.curiously
C.anxiously D.actively(共50张PPT)
单元小测 Unit 1
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.After a series of intense boxing matches, he was __________
(breath) and ready for a break.
breathless
2.Overwhelmed by mixed feelings of regret and shame, I ask for
my mum's ___________ (forgive).
forgiveness
3.I looked up into her eyes and we smiled at each other
without any _______________(embarrass).
embarrassment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.College is an ideal place to practise adults' responsibility and
______________ (independent).
independence
5.Take a breath and relax yourself instead of focusing on what
makes you _________ (annoy), and you will fall asleep soon.
annoyed
6.After hearing the news about the accident, she felt deeply
___________ (concern) and her heart sank with worry.
concerned
7.Unwilling to give up, she resolved _______(try) again next year after failing this year's postgraduate admission exam.
to try
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.The backpack's __________ (adjust) back allows you to change
how the bag fits according to your needs.
adjustable
9.___________ (ensure) success in the future, it is crucial for
students to cultivate independent thinking and problem-solving
skills.
To ensure
10.________ (write) in a hurry, our contract may contain some
errors.
Written
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.Though we met with some difficulties at first, everything
____________ (进展顺利) as planned at last.
worked out
2.To be frank, success doesn't happen ___________________
(偶然地).
by accident/chance
3.If I leave for Beijing tomorrow, I will inform you about my
schedule ___________ (提前).
in advance
4.It took him quite a while to __________ (适应) living an
independent life.
adjust to
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.Deeply concerned about the injured in the accident, the local
charity was organizing a volunteer group to _________ (帮一把)
those in need.
help out
6.She was angry at seeing the kitchen ___________ (乱糟糟), the
drawers all open, and some oil on the floor.
in a mess
7.Instead of constantly criticising others, we should focus on
________________________ (尽责) and contributing positively to
the team's success.
pulling our (own) weight
8.Taking a few deep breaths can help you ____________
(冷静下来) and relax during stressful situations.
calm down
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.Seeing the coach still hesitant, Paul stepped forward and
raised his voice, “Trust me, coach! I won't ____ you _______
(使失望)!”
let
down
10.They dashed out of the car, put up the tent and
_____________ (舒适地坐下) on the grass, enjoying the
surrounding breathtaking sights.
settled down
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.It's our duty to protect the environment, ___________________
______________________________.
保护环境是我们的责任，这就是我们应该回收和减少浪费的原因。
which is why we should recycle and reduce waste
2.___________________ the unexpected sense, I left the room
without any words immediately. (形容词短语作状语)
对这种意想不到的感觉感到尴尬，我立刻一言不发地离开了房间。
Embarrassed about
1
2
3
4
5
3._____________________, he said, “It was like seeing colour for
the first time.” (分词作状语)
他被这段音乐打动了,他说:“那种(兴奋的)感觉就像第一次看到色彩一样。”
Moved by this music
4._____________________________________________, he felt a
sense of accomplishment.(分词作状语)
在解决了这个具有挑战性的数学问题后，他感到了一种成就感。
Having resolved the challenging maths problem
5.Hearing the news _____________________________________, he
was too excited to fall asleep last night. (同位语从句)
昨晚听到他最喜欢的团队赢得比赛的消息，他兴奋得难以入眠。
that his favourite team won the match
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅳ 语法填空
My friend and I have been close for several years. We're
hardly out of each other's sight. But last Saturday she 1._______
(break) my heart.
2.__________ (original), we planned to see a film that afternoon, but in the morning, I learnt from a message 3.________ (post) on social media that she had a cold. I gave her 4.___ call telling her to make a recovery at home and she thanked me for my thoughtfulness.
broke
Originally
posted
a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.____ my surprise, however, she was seen chatting with another girl in a cafe on Saturday afternoon, when she 6.______________ (expect) to stay at home. Obviously, she lied about her illness. I was filled with 7._______ (angry) and avoided meeting her all day and still don't feel like making any 8._________ (respond) to her online messages. I don't know 9.__________ I should forgive her if she ignores my feelings or refuses to back down. Some people advise me to have a full and frank talk with her while others suggest 10.__________ (rethink) our relationship. I am at a total loss.
To
was expected
anger
response
whether/if
rethinking
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【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与好朋友之
间的矛盾。
1._______
broke
[解析] 考查动词时态。根据句中时间状语last Saturday可知,此处用
一般过去时。故填broke。
2.__________
Originally
[解析] 考查副词。此处为副词作状语,修饰整个句子。故填Originally。
3.________
posted
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。 此处为过去分词作定语,修饰message。故
填posted。
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4.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。give sb a call意为“给某人打电话”。故填a。
5.____
To
[解析] 考查介词。to one's surprise意为“令某人惊讶的是”,句首单词
首字母应大写。故填To。
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6.______________
was expected
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词，she和
expect之间是被动关系,应该用被动语态。be expected to do sth意
为“被期望做某事”,结合时间状语on Saturday afternoon可知,用一般
过去时。主语为第三人称单数，谓语也应用单数。故填was
expected。
7._______
anger
[解析] 考查名词。介词with后接名词作宾语。故填anger。
8._________
response
[解析] 考查名词。动词make后接名词作宾语。故填response。
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9.__________
whether/if
[解析] 考查宾语从句。此处引导宾语从句,从句不缺少成分,句意需有
“是否”之意。故填whether/if。
10.__________
rethinking
[解析] 考查固定搭配。suggest doing sth意为“建议做某事”。故填
rethinking。
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Ⅴ 阅读理解
A[2024 ·湖北武汉重点中学5G联合体高一期中]
Scientists continue to discover ways in which a lack of sleep
affects our mental and physical health—now a new study reveals
that a serious lack of sleep can even influence the way we see
other people.
When we've gone without sleep, we spend less time fixing
our eyes on others' faces, the study shows. As that's an
important part of reading social signals from those around us,
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our relationships are likely to suffer. “Since facial expressions are
helpful in understanding the emotional state of others, spending
less time focusing on faces after serious sleep loss may increase
the risk that you misunderstand others' feelings,” says sleep
researcher Lieve van Egmond from Uppsala University in Sweden.
The study authors recruited 45 participants who went
through a night without sleep, and another night with 8 hours
of sleep, separated by at least a week. In each case, eye-
tracking sensors were used the morning after to monitor the
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subjects as they looked at images of faces. A mix of expressions
was shown on the faces: happy, angry and fearful. Participants
were also asked to assess the attractiveness and trustworthiness
of the faces they saw. When it came to face focus, there was a
drop in duration (持续时间) between 6.3—10.6 percent after
sleep loss, and this drop happened regardless of the emotion
being shown. Overall, faces were regarded as less trustworthy
and less attractive after a night without sleep.
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“The finding indicates that sleep loss is associated with
more negative social impressions of others,” says neuroscientist
Christian Benedict from Uppsala University. “This could result in
less motivation to interact socially.”
It's perhaps no surprise that a lack of sleep makes us less
likely to want to engage with others, but the study adds some
interesting data to the mix. Negative social impressions of
people after sleep loss may lead to social withdrawal by those
with sleep issues, suggest the researchers.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现睡眠不
足可能会导致人们误解他人的情绪，从而留下不好的印象。
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( ) 1.What may lack of sleep contribute to
A.Misreading others' emotions.
B.Becoming angry and fearful.
C.Focusing on others' faces seldom.
D.Behaving in a different way.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段“Since facial expressions are
helpful in understanding the emotional state of others, spending
less time focusing on faces after serious sleep loss may increase
the risk that you misunderstand others' feelings…”可知，睡眠不足
可能会导致人们误解他人的情绪。故选A。
√
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( ) 2.What did the researchers do while carrying out the
study
A.Require participants to evaluate the expressions.
B.Divide participants into two groups.
C.Monitor participants during the whole course.
D.Ask participants to finish the experiment in a row.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段“Participants were also asked to
assess the attractiveness and trustworthiness of the faces they
saw.”可知，研究人员在进行这项研究时，要求参与者进行评价。故
选A。
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( ) 3.What can we conclude from the study
A.People lack of sleep are more likely to stay at home.
B.The more we sleep, the more likely we are to interact socially.
C.The focus duration will drop less concerning happy faces.
D.People with sleep loss will have a bad social impression of
others.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Negative social impressions of
people after sleep loss may lead to social withdrawal by those
with sleep issues, suggest the researchers.”可推知，睡眠不足的人
会给别人留下不好的社会印象。故选D。
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( ) 4.What's the main idea of the passage
A.Lack of sleep makes us less attractive and trustworthy.
B.Sleeping loss impacts our mental and physical health.
C.Lack of sleep influences our social relationship.
D.Sleeping loss leads to paying little attention to others.
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[解析] 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists continue to discover
ways in which a lack of sleep affects our mental and physical
health—now a new study reveals that a serious lack of sleep
can even influence the way we see other people.”并结合文章主
要说明了研究发现睡眠不足可能会导致人们误解他人的情绪，从而
留下不好的印象可知，这篇文章的主旨是睡眠不足会影响我们的社
会关系。故选C。
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B[2024·山东潍坊寿光市高一期中]
Does forgiveness go against our human nature To address
this, we need to ask a further question: What makes us human
Simply put, people hold two contrasting views on humanity. The
first centres on control and power. In an early paper on
forgiveness, Droll (1984) wrote that human nature leans more
towards aggression (攻击性) than forgiving allows. Those who
forgive are against what they're built for, much to their harm.
He believes that forgivers are risking their own well-being as
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they show forgiveness to others, who might then take
advantage of them.
For the second view, we see respect and love, in the sense
of serving others, in the work of Lewis, Amini, and Lannon
(2001). They present the scientific argument that we need both
to receive love from and offer love to others. From this second
viewpoint, forgiveness plays a key role in the overall health of
both individuals and communities, both physically and mentally,
because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through
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scientific studies, is the reduction of hatred and the
reestablishment of harmony.
Given that control and disrespect can affect a person's
psychological (心理的) and relational well-being, the first
approach does not seem workable as a way to live. Given that
forgiveness has been shown in numerous studies to increase
well-being, it follows that the second approach seems more
effective, both from the reasoning of philosophy and the
supported theories from social science.
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Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power
over others does not make for harmonious interactions. Consider,
how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a way of social
harmony
As an important warning, when we take a Classical Realist
philosophical viewpoint, that of Aristotle, we see the difference
between possibility and actuality. We are not necessarily born
with the ability to forgive, but we have the chance to learn and
get better at it. The actuality of forgiving, its actual application
in conflict situations, grows with certain training.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”
这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，
分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。
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( ) 5.What is Droll's idea about forgiveness
A.It is a sign of weakness.
B.It is a part of human nature.
C.It is a threat to one's well-being.
D.It is a natural response to aggression.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“He believes that forgivers
are risking their own well-being as they show forgiveness to
others, who might then take advantage of them.”可知，Droll认为
宽恕者在宽恕他人的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选C项。
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( ) 6.Why does the author mention “slavery” in Paragraph 3
A.To blame the unfairness of the system.
B.To illustrate the harm from over control.
C.To stress the importance of management.
D.To promote the idea of harmonious interactions.
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Even common sense
strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not
make for harmonious interactions. Consider, how well has slavery
(奴隶制) worked as a way of social harmony ”可知，作者以奴隶
制为例，以反问的方式，阐明支配控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐
和幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选B项。
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( ) 7.What is the author's attitude towards forgiveness
A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Objective. D.Uncertain.
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Given that forgiveness
has been shown in numerous studies to increase well-being, it
follows that the second approach seems more effective, both
from the reasoning of philosophy and the supported theories
from social science. Even common sense strongly suggests that
the will to power over others does not make for harmonious
interactions. Consider, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a
way of social harmony ”可知，作者认为原谅可以使人们更幸福，
而控制不利于社会的和谐，由此可知作者对于原谅持支持的态度。
故选A项。
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( ) 8.How is forgiveness developed according to Aristotle
A.Born nature. B.Social upbringing.
C.Learned practice. D.Outside pressure.
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As an important warning,
when we take a Classical Realist philosophical viewpoint, that of
Aristotle, we see the difference between possibility and actuality.
We are not necessarily born with the ability to forgive, but we
have the chance to learn and get better at it. The actuality of
forgiving, its actual application in conflict situations, grows with
certain training.”可知，作者通过亚里士多德的观点，指出我们并不
是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展
这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们
付出努力去实践的。故选C项。
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Ⅵ 完形填空
Marcus is a handsome and athletic kid. He plays tennis
and . .1. . the state tournament every year. Marcus's neighbour,
Conrad, is also . .2. . to compete, but he has rheumatoid arthritis
(类风湿性关节炎). Although it pains him just to walk, he . .3. .
painful days at school walking to the sports field. He loves
watching his school compete so he doesn't . .4. . a game.
Marcus has known Conrad since primary school. They've
always been . .5. .. He sees Conrad in pain and his . .6. . at not
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being able to play sports. So, every day after school,
Marcus . .7. . his classmates to go to Conrad's for a moment of
discussion about the game competition. The discussion is as . .8. .
as a real high school game, which makes Conrad forget the
hurt.
Finally, the doctors find a new . .9. . to reduce the pain.
Conrad walks without much pain, and then begins running, but
he still has to learn the . .10. . of running. After a childhood of
walking carefully and taking . .11. . steps, Conrad has to train his
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walking like a kid again and stay in shape. He pushes himself
every day, building his lungs and doing the leg lift repeatedly
for his leg . .12. .. He knows what the pain feels like, but running
for Conrad is no longer . .13. ..
To Conrad's delight, he gets a chance to join the cross
country team. Conrad doesn't win, not once, but Marcus is
there, . .14. . for him who always finishes in the middle of the
competitors, breathing in the wind and waving his hands . .15. ..
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【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Marcus是一个英俊而
健壮的孩子,经常参加比赛,而他的朋友Conrad因为患有类风湿性关节
炎而不能参加活动,Marcus一直用自己的行动鼓励朋友Conrad。
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( ) 1.A.gives up B.competes in
C.lets down D.breaks through
[解析] 根据下文the state tournament every year可知，Marcus每
年都参加州锦标赛。故选B。give up放弃;compete in参加……比
赛;let down 使失望;break through突破。
( ) 2.A.able B.lucky C.eager D.frank
[解析] 根据上文also和下文but可知，Marcus的邻居Conrad也渴望参
加比赛,故选C。able能够;lucky幸运的;eager渴望的;frank 坦率的。
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( ) 3.A.bears B.counts C.forgets D.escapes
[解析] 根据上文“…he has rheumatoid arthritis (类风湿性关节炎).”
可知,Conrad忍受着疼痛,走到运动场看比赛。故选A。bear忍
受;count计算总数;forget忘记;escape逃脱。
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( ) 4.A.accept B.enjoy C.lose D.miss
[解析] 根据上文“He loves watching his school compete…”可知，
他喜欢看学校比赛,所以他不会错过比赛。故选D。accept接受;enjoy
喜欢;lose输掉;miss错过。
( ) 5.A.strangers B.enemies C.friends D.teachers
[解析] 根据上文“Marcus has known Conrad since primary school.”
可推知，他们一直都是朋友。故选C。stranger陌生人;enemy敌
人;friend朋友;teacher老师。
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( ) 6.A.surprise B.sadness
C.embarrassment D.tiredness
[解析] 根据下文“…at not being able to play sports.”可知,不能参
加体育活动让Conrad很伤心,故选B。surprise惊讶;sadness悲
伤;embarrassment 尴尬;tiredness疲劳。
( ) 7.A.promises B.asks C.drives D.forces
[解析] 根据上文“He sees Conrad in pain and his…at not being
able to play sports.”可知,Marcus会请求他的同学去Conrad家讨论比
赛。故选B。promise允诺;ask请求;drive迫使;force强迫。
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( ) 8.A.long B.noisy C.boring D.interesting
[解析] 根据下文“…which makes Conrad forget the hurt.”可知,讨
论应该很有趣，让Conrad忘记了疼痛。故选D。long长的;noisy吵闹
的;boring令人厌烦的;interesting有趣的。
( ) 9.A.treatment B.excuse C.period D.topic
[解析] 根据本句句意和语境可知，医生应该是找到了新的治疗方法
来减轻Conrad的疼痛。故选A。treatment疗法;excuse借口;period时
期;topic话题。
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( ) 10.A.goal B.style C.speed D.skill
[解析] 根据上文“Conrad walks without much pain, and then
begins running…”和but可知,Conrad的疼痛得以缓解,然后他开始跑
步,但他仍然需要学习跑步的技巧。故选D。goal目标;style风格;speed
速度;skill技巧。
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( ) 11.A.suitable B.serious
C.small D.comfortable
[解析] 根据上文“After a childhood of walking carefully and
taking…”可知,Conrad童年时因为疼痛而小心翼翼地走路,一直迈小步
伐。故选C。suitable合适的;serious严肃的;small小的;comfortable舒
服的。
( ) 12.A.strength B.show C.shape D.advantage
[解析] 根据上文“…doing the leg lift repeatedly…”可知,Conrad是想
增强腿部力量,故选A。strength力量;show动作,样子;shape形
状;advantage优点。
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( ) 13.A.relaxing B.beneficial C.painful D.meaningful
[解析] 根据上文可知,Conrad渴望参加运动,但是因为患类风湿性关
节炎而不能参加体育运动,但现在疼痛得到了很大的缓解，他现在可
以运动了,所以跑步不会让他感到痛苦,故选 C。relaxing令人放松
的;beneficial有益的;painful痛苦的;meaningful有意义的。
( ) 14.A.criticising B.arguing C.running D.cheering
[解析] 根据前文和本句中的转折关系可知，Marcus应该是为Conrad
欢呼,故选D。criticise 批评;argue争吵;run跑步;cheer欢呼。
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( ) 15.A.excitedly B.curiously C.anxiously D.actively
[解析] 根据上文“…breathing in the wind and waving his hands…”
可知，此处指兴奋地挥手,故选A。excitedly兴奋地;curiously好奇
地;anxiously焦急地;actively积极地。
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