Period Two Using language
语言精讲
1.(2)significant (3)significantly (4)attach great significance/importance to (5)is of significance to encourage creativity; is significant to encourage creativity
2.(2)injured (3)injury (4)injured (5)were/got badly/seriously injured
3.(2)for (3)cure him of his reading problem
语法归纳
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.has been applied 2.has been translated 3.have been shown 4.has been cleaned 5.was organized 6.have been spent 7.has been said 8.has been discussed; has been thought 9.have been produced 10.have been affected
●Ⅱ 1.has been washed away 2.has been put 3.has not been decided 4.have been taken good care of
●Ⅲ 1.have taken place; have been set up
2.has not been heard of
3.have been built/have been put up
4.has been widely reported and discussed
5.was rescued fromPeriod Two Using language
Ⅰ.1.have been discovered 2.have been applied 3.was sold 4.have taken 5.has risen 6.was designed 7.have been passed 8.has been widened 9.have been tried
10.have grown
Ⅱ.1.New technology has been brought in by our factory to improve qualities of products.
2.The book has been translated into multiple languages by people, for instance, Spanish and French.
3.As we all know, people’s health has been greatly affected by environmental pollution.
4.My computer has just been attacked by an unknown virus.
5.Many computers have been donated to a local school by the company.
Ⅲ.1.many interesting and significant/meaningful activities have been held 2.your article has been selected 3.has been seriously polluted 4.has been recognized as 5.All the preparations have been made
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者儿时便梦想着成为一名科学家。研究生毕业后,他决定考取博士学位,考试失败后他没有放弃,而是选择申请中国的博士项目,经过不懈努力,终于取得了成功。
1.C 根据后文“…a poster board saying ‘Develop your potential’,and a…on it arrested my attention.”可知,作者看到一块公告板。故选C项。place放置; examine检查; sight看到; monitor监视。
2.D 根据语境及后文as the note writer可知,一张便条引起了作者的注意。故选D项。chart图表;message信息;sign标志;note便条。
3.C 根据便条上的内容和后文my experiences可知,便条上的内容使作者反思自己的经历。故选C项。think up想出,发明;speak of谈及;reflect on沉思,反思;get across被传达。
4.D 根据前文“…I finished my master’s degree…”和后文a doctoral degree可知,研究生毕业后,作者想尝试更有抱负的事。故选D项。adventurous惊险的;unique独特的;advantageous有利的;ambitious有抱负的,有雄心的。
5.A 根据后文“…I failed the entrance exam.”可知,作者考试失败,受到打击。故选A项。blow打击;objection反对;conflict冲突;emergency紧急情况。
6.B 根据前文可知,作者考试失败;根据前文accept和后文“…I had been offered.”可知,朋友和教授都建议作者接受自己已经得到的职位。故选B项。certificate证书;position职位,职务;reward奖励;reality现实。
7.A 根据前文but和后文“…the routine work would hold back my…for exploring.”可知,作者担心这份平淡乏味的工作会抑制他去探索。故选A项。scared担心的;excited兴奋的;upset难过的;confused困惑的。
8.B 根据前文“But I was…the routine work would hold back my…”和后文for exploring可知,作者担心这份平淡乏味的工作会抑制他的探索热情。故选B项。admiration羡慕;fire热情,激情;demand要求;courage勇气。
9.D 根据前文“I worked as a research assistant…”可知,作者通过当研究助理来谋生。故选D项。fortune财富;reputation名誉;promotion晋升;living生计,收入。
10.C 根据后文“…despite the difficulties and was accepted into a doctoral programme in China eventually.”可知,尽管困难重重,但作者没有放弃,最终被录取。故选C项。forget忘记;resign辞职;quit放弃;relax放松。
11.A 根据后文“…language problems, cultural differences, etc.”可知,作者遇到了很多挑战。故选A项。challenge挑战;test测试;alternative可供选择的事物;programme节目。
12.C 根据前文“…I held the same…”和后文“…as the note writer: keep trying.”可知,作者和写便条的人持一样的态度,即不断尝试。故选C项。quality质量;promise承诺;attitude态度;goal目标。
13.D 根据语境和前文over time可知,随着时间的推移,一切逐渐步入正轨。故选D项。for sure无疑,肯定;beyond description无法形容;by choice出于自己的选择;on track步入正轨。
14.A 根据全文内容和作者的经历可知,作者通过一次次的尝试,发现了自己的潜力。故选A项。unlock发现,揭开;achieve实现;show显示;understand理解。
15.B 根据前文“By focusing more on what I achieved and less on what I…”和后文“…I learned to enjoy the process of trying and the unexpected opportunities it brought.”可知,作者更多地关注自己获得了什么,而不是错过了什么。故选B项。appreciate欣赏,感激;miss错过,想念;deserve值得;transform使改观。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何度过一个没有电子产品的假期,享受生活中的乐趣。
1.B 空前“Unplugging for the holidays will give your brain a break and allow yourself to enjoy more pleasures in your life.”介绍了远离电子产品的好处,空后“These tips will help you have a tech-free holiday and enjoy the benefits of unplugging for the holidays.”介绍了接下来要讲一些关于假期不用电子产品的建议,B选项“准备好拔掉电源插头,但不知道怎么做 ”为下文提建议做好了铺垫,承上启下,符合语境。故选B。
2.A 空格处是本段主题句。空后“It’s a lot easier to stay away from your smartphone if everyone else you’re with follows suit. Let family and friends know you’d like to do digital detox (脱瘾) during your time. Have everyone turn their phones off, and then collect them and keep them in a separate room.”指出要让家人和朋友一起戒掉电子产品,A选项“让所有人都参与进来。”符合语境。故选A。
3.G 空前“The day might seem boring if everyone’s phone is taken and there’s no plan for entertainment.”介绍了没有娱乐活动的一天可能会让人觉得无聊,空后“From making popcorn and watching a movie to going on a hike, baking cookies or playing board games, you’ll be surprised by how much fun you can have together.”介绍了一些娱乐活动,G选项“预料到这一点,设计一个每个人都可以参加的活动清单。”承上启下,符合语境。故选G。
4.D 空前“Keep your phone out of the bedroom at night. Give yourself an alarm clock, and keep your phone out of the room when you’re getting ready to sleep.”介绍了睡前要把手机放在卧室外面,D选项“如果可能的话,至少提前一个小时关掉它。”也与晚上不玩手机有关,承接上文,符合语境。故选D。
5.E 本段主题句是“Practise yoga (瑜伽).”,因此空格处应该介绍瑜伽这项运动,E选项“它是身体运动和呼吸运动的结合。”承接上文,符合语境。故选E。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在接下来的几年里,一种新的交通方式将会出现——飞行出租车。
1.watching 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处需填非谓语动词作状语,many of us和watch为逻辑上的主谓关系,需用现在分词表主动。故填watching。
2.up 考查介词。team up with意为“与……协作”,因此空处应用介词up。故填up。
3.to start 考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth意为“旨在做某事”,因此空处应用不定式形式。故填to start。
4.currently 考查副词。修饰动词需用副词currently,作状语。故填currently。
5.what 考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句,作定语,修饰traffic rules,需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
6.and 考查连词。a flight range of 241 kilometres和a top speed of 321 kph为并列关系,需用并列连词and连接。故填and。
7.an 考查冠词。opportunity为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且opportunity的发音以元音音素开头,需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
8.excited 考查形容词。空处需填形容词作表语,表示人的感受,需用-ed结尾的形容词excited。故填excited。
9.customers 考查名词复数。空处需填名词作宾语,customer为可数名词,根据across the world可知,需用名词复数。故填customers。
10.is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,句子陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语为动名词短语,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填is。Period Two Using language
1.significant adj. 有重大意义的;显著的
(教材P38)But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine.
但也许迄今为止人们取得的最重大的成功是在医学方面。
(1)be significant to/for… 对……是重要的
(2)significance n. 意义;意思;重要性
be of (great/no/little) significance to/for…
对……(很/不/几乎不)重要
attach great significance/importance to
非常重视/认为……很重要
(3)significantly adv. 有重大意义地;显著地;
明显地
【活学活用】
(1)Education has great social and personal significance; thus, philosophers and educators have devoted a good deal of time to exploring its meaning.
教育具有重大的社会和个人意义; 因此,哲学家和教育家投入了大量的时间来探索它的意义。
(2)Customs play a (significance) role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time.
(3)The research findings have (significant) contributed to our understanding of the disease.
(4)Our Chinese people family reunion on the Chinese New Year’s Eve.
我们中国人非常重视除夕合家团聚。
(5)一句多译
鼓励创造力具有重要意义,因为它能推动进步和经济增长。
→It , as it drives progress and economic growth. (significance)
→It , as it drives progress and economic growth. (significant)
2.injure v. 伤害, 使受伤, 弄伤;损害
(教材P38)…people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
……人们给了一只在森林大火中受伤的乌龟一个新的3D打印外壳!
(1)injure one’s health/pride/feelings/reputation
损害健康/伤害自尊/伤害感情/损害名誉
get injured 受伤
(2)injury n. 伤害;损伤;受伤处
do sb/sth an injury=do an injury to sb/sth
使某人/某物受到伤害
(3)injured adj. 受伤的;有伤的
the injured 伤员
【活学活用】
(1)The car accident left several people injured, including two children.
这起车祸导致多人受伤,其中包括两名儿童。
(2)While hiking in the mountains, she slipped and fell, getting (injure) on her wrist.
(3)It’s known that falls are the top cause of death from (injure) among people 65 and older.
(4)A terrible accident happened at the crossing and the (injure) were rushed to the hospital immediately.
(5)His legs and he could not even stand up by himself.
他的双腿受伤严重,他甚至不能自己站起来。
3.cure n. 药剂;治愈;疗法 v. 治愈;治疗
(教材P41)Currently, there’s no cure for Alzheimer’s, but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease. 目前, 还没有治疗老年痴呆症的方法,但科学家们正在研究提高老年痴呆症患者生活质量的方法。
a cure for… 医治……的方法
cure sb of… 治愈某人的疾病;改掉某人的坏习惯
[温馨提示] cure表示“治疗后恢复健康”, 有“治愈”的意思, 后面既可以直接加疾病, 也可以用“cure sb of+疾病”的结构。
【活学活用】
(1)The doctors worked tirelessly to cure the patient of his heart disease.
医生们不知疲倦地工作来治愈病人的心脏病。
(2)In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu Youyou became head of a team that intended to find a cure the disease.
(3)His father borrowed some professional books to help .
他的父亲借了一些专业的书籍来帮他攻克他的阅读障碍。
现在完成时的被动语态
基本概念
现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作对现在造成了影响或结果, 主语为动作的承受者, 表示“……已经被……”。
一、构成
肯定式 主语+have/has been done…
否定式 主语+have/has not been done…
一般疑问式 Have/Has+主语+been done…
特殊疑问式 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done…
二、现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法
1.表示被动的动作发生在说话之前(即现在的过去), 强调对现在造成的影响或结果, 通常与already, yet, recently, just等时间状语连用。如:
The project has already been completed by the team. 该项目已由该团队完成。
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能继续持续下去, 常与for或since引导的时间状语连用, 或用于“How long… ”句式中。如:
The company has been owned by the same family for over a century.
一个多世纪以来,这家公司一直归同一家族所有。
The new policies for increasing income of peasants have been carried out since last year.
旨在增加农民收入的新政策从去年就开始实施了。
How long has the new system of saving water been applied
新的节水系统已经使用多久了
三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
1.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体, 在被动结构中要保持完整性, 不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。如:
The orphan has been well looked after.
这个孤儿受到了很好的照顾。
Recently environmental problems have been paid close attention to.
近来, 环境问题已经得到了密切关注。
A way of handling the tough problem has been put forward.
一个处理这个棘手问题的办法已经被提出来了。
2.注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。
一般过去时的被动语态表示被动的动作发生在过去的某个时刻, 其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去, 但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。如:
The book was written by the famous author in 1990.
这本书是由那位著名作家在1990年写的。(与现在无关:只是曾经发生过这样的事情)
The book has been written by the famous author. The publisher is preparing to publish it.(与现在有关:出版社正在准备出版它)
这本书已经被那位著名作家写好了。出版社正在准备出版它。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.This new type of system (apply) in medical research for more than 3 years.
2.The book (translate) into several languages already.
3.I like this TV series and they (show) many times on TV.
4.Our classroom (clean), so you needn’t clean it now.
5.The activity (organize) in such a good order that everything went smoothly yesterday.
6.Large amounts of money (spend) in rebuilding the old temple in the last two years.
7.Enough (say)on this question. Let’s change to another topic.
8.The problem (discuss) for two days but no solution (think) of yet.
9.Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs (produce) since the international project started in 1994.
10.More than seven million people (affect) by drought so far.
●Ⅱ 将下列句子变成含被动语态的句子
1.The flood has washed away his house.
→His house by the flood.
2.Someone has put the book under the bench for more than two days.
→The book under the bench by someone for more than two days.
3.We have not decided when and where to go for the paid holiday yet.
→When and where to go for the paid holiday by us yet.
4.The old couple has taken good care of the homeless children all these years.
→The homeless children by the old couple all these years.
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1.Recently great changes in my hometown and a lot of big companies .
近来, 我的家乡已经发生了很大的变化, 成立了许多大公司。
2.His elder sister moved abroad last year, and since then.
他姐姐在去年移居国外了, 从那以后再也没有听到过她的消息。
3.How many high buildings
in this new district these years
这些年这个新区已经建了多少栋高楼了
4.The news in the media for several days.
这条消息在媒体上被广泛报道和讨论了好几天。
5.She the burning building a few days ago and she thought she had a narrow escape.
几天前, 她从燃烧的大楼中获救, 她认为自己死里逃生。Period Two Using language
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Over the past few years, several previously unknown species of marine life (discover) by scientists.
2.Computers (apply) in many fields in our nation since the 1980s.
3.To our relief , the painting (sell) soon after it was finished.
4.In the last few years, great changes (take) place in my hometown.
5.The price of petrol (rise) slightly since the outbreak of conflicts in that area.
6.This core project (design) by the students in senior high school last year.
7.So far, these traditional stories (pass) down from parents to children over many generations.
8.Recently, the path along the stream (widen), providing easier access for hikers and nature lovers.
9.All possible means (try) to protect this kind of animals in danger up to now.
10.China’s high-speed rails (grow) from 9,000 kilometres to 25,000 kilometres in the past few years.
●Ⅱ 句型转换(把下列句子变成含被动语态的句子)
1.Our factory has brought in new technology to improve qualities of products.
→
2.People have translated the book into multiple languages,for instance ,Spanish and French.
→
3.As we all know, environmental pollution has greatly affected people’s health.
→
4.An unknown virus has just attacked my computer.
→
5.The company has donated many computers to a local school.
→
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1.Since the day the club was set up,
,
like Chinese poems, calligraphy, Chinese tea art and so on.
俱乐部自成立以来,举办了许多有趣且有意义的活动,如中国诗歌、书法、中国茶艺等。
2.I’m delighted to inform you that for our “Discover Beautiful China” feature.
我很高兴通知您,您的文章已入选了我们的“发现美丽中国”专题。
3.The environment in that area over the past decades due to human activities.
在过去的几十年里,由于人类活动,那个区域的环境受到了严重的污染。
4.The scientist’s research a brilliant achievement, making significant contributions to the field of science. (recognize)
这位科学家的研究已被公认为一项杰出的成就,为科学领域做出了重大贡献。
5.
and we are ready to start.
一切准备工作都已就绪,我们准备出发了。
●Ⅳ 完形填空
[2024·黑龙江哈尔滨第三中学校高一期中]
Earlier this summer, my PhD graduation finally came. There I 1 a poster board saying “Develop your potential”, and a 2 on it arrested my attention: “Keep trying until you get it right.” It made me stop to 3 my experiences.
I grew up with the dream of becoming a scientist. When I finished my master’s degree, I wanted to try something more 4 : a doctoral degree. My dream met with a(n) 5 when I failed the entrance exam. Nearly all my friends and professors advised me to put it aside and accept the 6 I had been offered. But I was 7 the routine work would hold back my 8 for exploring. So I decided to apply abroad for doctoral programmes.
I worked as a research assistant to earn a 9 while studying for the programmes. I never 10 despite the difficulties and was accepted into a doctoral programme in China eventually. There, I met even more 11 : language problems, cultural differences, etc. Yet I held the same 12 as the note writer: keep trying. Over time, everything was 13 gradually.
I realized that by trying again and again, I have 14 my potential. By focusing more on what I achieved and less on what I 15 , I learned to enjoy the process of trying and the unexpected opportunities it brought.
( )1.A.placed B.examined
C.sighted D.monitored
( )2.A.chart B.message
C.sign D.note
( )3.A.think up B.speak of
C.reflect on D.get across
( )4.A.adventurous B.unique
C.advantageous D.ambitious
( )5.A.blow B.objection
C.conflict D.emergency
( )6.A.certificate B.position
C.reward D.reality
( )7.A.scared B.excited
C.upset D.confused
( )8.A.admiration B.fire
C.demand D.courage
( )9.A.fortune B.reputation
C.promotion D.living
( )10.A.forgot B.resigned
C.quitted D.relaxed
( )11.A.challenges B.tests
C.alternatives D.programmes
( )12.A.quality B.promise
C.attitude D.goal
( )13.A.for sure
B.beyond description
C.by choice
D.on track
( )14.A.unlocked B.achieved
C.shown D.understood
( )15.A.appreciated B.missed
C.deserved D.transformed
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·河北保定部分高中高一期中]
Tips for unplugging (拔掉
电源插头) for the holidays
Unplugging for the holidays will give your brain a break and allow yourself to enjoy more pleasures in your life. 1. These tips will help you have a tech-free holiday and enjoy the benefits of unplugging for the holidays.
2. It’s a lot easier to stay away from your smartphone if everyone else you’re with follows suit. Let family and friends know you’d like to do digital detox (脱瘾) during your time. Have everyone turn their phones off, and then collect them and keep them in a separate room.
Plan or arrange activities in advance. The day might seem boring if everyone’s phone is taken and there’s no plan for entertainment. 3. From making popcorn and watching a movie to going on a hike, baking cookies or playing board games, you’ll be surprised by how much fun you can have together.
Keep your phone out of the bedroom at night. Give yourself an alarm clock, and keep your phone out of the room when you’re getting ready to sleep. 4.
Take time to relax. Whether it’s reading a book or taking a hot bath with essential oils, take time to enjoy life’s little pleasures but no technology.
Practise yoga (瑜伽). 5. Yoga changes your brain in a variety of ways. With all the extra time you’ll have from your digital detox, you’ll have time to get started.
A.Get everyone on board.
B.Ready to unplug but not sure how
C.Feel happier and healthier with loved ones.
D.If possible, turn it off at least an hour beforehand.
E.It is a combination of physical and breathing exercises.
F.Your brain can focus on the task and news in hand more quickly.
G.Expect this and design a list of activities everyone can take part in.
●Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·江苏泰州中学高一期中]
A new form of transport will be with us in the next few years—flying taxis. Many of us grew up 1. (watch) sci-fi movies with flying cars. Science fiction is now becoming science fact. The Japanese airline ANA has teamed 2. with a US tech start-up called Joby Aviation. The two companies aim 3. (start) operating air taxis at the 2025 World Expo in Osaka. They are 4. (current) working together on building the flying vehicle. They also need to work out 5. traffic rules should be followed by the taxis. The five-seat, all-electric taxi will be able to take off and land vertically (垂直地). It will have a flight range of 241 kilometres 6. a top speed of 321 kph.
Joby’s CEO said the taxis would be good for the environment. He told reporters, “Joby exists to help people save time while reducing their carbon footprint. Japan offers us 7.
opportunity to do just that with 92 percent of the population living in urban areas.” The president of ANA, Koji Shibata, was also 8. (excite) about the project. He said, “ANA has 70 years of experience delivering safe flights to 9. (customer) across the world. Being able to provide them with the option to travel rapidly and sustainably from an international airport to a downtown location 10. (be) very appealing.” (共64张PPT)
Period Two
Using language
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
1.significant adj. 有重大意义的;显著的
(教材P38)But perhaps the most significant success that people
have achieved to date is in medicine.
但也许迄今为止人们取得的最重大的成功是在医学方面。
(1)be significant to/for… 对……是重要的
(2)significance n. 意义;意思;重要性
be of (great/no/little) significance to/for…
对……(很/不/几乎不)重要
attach great significance/importance to 非常重视/认为……很重要
(3)significantly adv. 有重大意义地；显著地；明显地
【活学活用】
(1)Education has great social and personal significance; thus,
philosophers and educators have devoted a good deal of time
to exploring its meaning.
教育具有重大的社会和个人意义; 因此，哲学家和教育家投入了大量
的时间来探索它的意义。
(2)Customs play a __________ (significance) role in festivals, but
sometimes they can change over time.
significant
(3)The research findings have ____________ (significant)
contributed to our understanding of the disease.
significantly
(4)Our Chinese people _____________________________________
family reunion on the Chinese New Year's Eve.
我们中国人非常重视除夕合家团聚。
attach great significance/importance to
(5)一句多译
鼓励创造力具有重要意义，因为它能推动进步和经济增长。
→It ______________________________________, as it drives
progress and economic growth. (significance)
→It __________________________________, as it drives progress
and economic growth. (significant)
is of significance to encourage creativity
is significant to encourage creativity
2.injure v. 伤害, 使受伤, 弄伤;损害
(教材P38)…people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle
injured in a forest fire!
……人们给了一只在森林大火中受伤的乌龟一个新的3D打印外壳!
(1)injure one's health/pride/feelings/reputation
损害健康/伤害自尊/伤害感情/损害名誉
get injured 受伤
(2)injury n. 伤害;损伤;受伤处
do sb/sth an injury=do an injury to sb/sth
使某人/某物受到伤害
(3)injured adj. 受伤的;有伤的
the injured 伤员
【活学活用】
(1)The car accident left several people injured, including two
children.
这起车祸导致多人受伤，其中包括两名儿童。
(2)While hiking in the mountains, she slipped and fell, getting
________ (injure) on her wrist.
(3)It's known that falls are the top cause of death from ______
(injure) among people 65 and older.
injured
injury
(4)A terrible accident happened at the crossing and the
________ (injure) were rushed to the hospital immediately.
injured
(5)His legs ______________________________ and he could not
even stand up by himself.
他的双腿受伤严重，他甚至不能自己站起来。
were/got badly/seriously injured
3.cure n. 药剂;治愈;疗法 v. 治愈;治疗
(教材P41)Currently, there's no cure for Alzheimer's, but scientists
are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people
living with the disease. 目前, 还没有治疗老年痴呆症的方法，但科
学家们正在研究提高老年痴呆症患者生活质量的方法。
a cure for… 医治……的方法
cure sb of… 治愈某人的疾病;改掉某人的坏习惯
［温馨提示］cure表示“治疗后恢复健康”, 有“治愈”的意思, 后面既可
以直接加疾病, 也可以用“cure sb of+疾病”的结构。
【活学活用】
(1)The doctors worked tirelessly to cure the patient of his heart
disease.
医生们不知疲倦地工作来治愈病人的心脏病。
(2)In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in
1969 Tu Youyou became head of a team that intended to find
a cure ____ the disease.
for
(3)His father borrowed some professional books to help
________________________________.
他的父亲借了一些专业的书籍来帮他攻克他的阅读障碍。
cure him of his reading problem
现在完成时的被动语态
基本概念
现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作对现
在造成了影响或结果, 主语为动作的承受者, 表示“……已经被……”。
一、构成
肯定式 主语+have/has been done…
否定式 主语+have/has not been done…
一般疑问式 Have/Has+主语+been done…
特殊疑问式 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done…
二、现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法
1.表示被动的动作发生在说话之前(即现在的过去), 强调对现在造成
的影响或结果, 通常与already, yet, recently, just等时间状语连用。
如:
The project has already been completed by the team.
该项目已由该团队完成。
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能继续
持续下去, 常与for或since引导的时间状语连用, 或用于“How long… ”
句式中。如:
The company has been owned by the same family for over a
century.
一个多世纪以来，这家公司一直归同一家族所有。
The new policies for increasing income of peasants have been
carried out since last year.
旨在增加农民收入的新政策从去年就开始实施了。
How long has the new system of saving water been applied
新的节水系统已经使用多久了
三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
1.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体, 在被动结构中要保持完整性, 不
可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。如:
The orphan has been well looked after.
这个孤儿受到了很好的照顾。
Recently environmental problems have been paid close
attention to. 近来, 环境问题已经得到了密切关注。
A way of handling the tough problem has been put forward.
一个处理这个棘手问题的办法已经被提出来了。
2.注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。
一般过去时的被动语态表示被动的动作发生在过去的某个时刻, 其结
果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生
在过去, 但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。如:
The book was written by the famous author in 1990.
这本书是由那位著名作家在1990年写的。(与现在无关:只是曾经发生
过这样的事情)
The book has been written by the famous author. The
publisher is preparing to publish it.(与现在有关:出版社正在准备出
版它) 这本书已经被那位著名作家写好了。出版社正在准备出版它。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.This new type of system _________________ (apply) in medical
research for more than 3 years.
2.The book ___________________ (translate) into several
languages already.
3.I like this TV series and they __________________ (show) many
times on TV.
has been applied
has been translated
have been shown
4.Our classroom __________________ (clean), so you needn't
clean it now.
5.The activity _______________ (organize) in such a good order
that everything went smoothly yesterday.
6.Large amounts of money _________________ (spend) in
rebuilding the old temple in the last two years.
7.Enough ______________ (say)on this question. Let's change to
another topic.
has been cleaned
was organized
have been spent
has been said
8.The problem ___________________ (discuss) for two days but
no solution __________________ (think) of yet.
has been discussed
has been thought
9.Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs _____________
_________ (produce) since the international project started in
1994.
have been produced
10.More than seven million people ___________________ (affect)
by drought so far.
have been affected
Ⅱ 将下列句子变成含被动语态的句子
1.The flood has washed away his house.
→His house _______________________ by the flood.
has been washed away
2.Someone has put the book under the bench for more than
two days.
→The book ______________ under the bench by someone for
more than two days.
has been put
3.We have not decided when and where to go for the paid
holiday yet.
→When and where to go for the paid holiday _______________
_______ by us yet.
has not been decided
4.The old couple has taken good care of the homeless children
all these years.
→The homeless children ______________________________ by
the old couple all these years.
have been taken good care of
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.Recently great changes _________________ in my hometown
and a lot of big companies __________________.
近来, 我的家乡已经发生了很大的变化, 成立了许多大公司。
have taken place
have been set up
2.His elder sister moved abroad last year, and ________________
________ since then.
他姐姐在去年移居国外了, 从那以后再也没有听到过她的消息。
has not been heard of
3.How many high buildings _________________________________
in this new district these years
这些年这个新区已经建了多少栋高楼了
have been built/have been put up
4.The news ______________________________________ in the
media for several days.
这条消息在媒体上被广泛报道和讨论了好几天。
has been widely reported and discussed
5.She __________________ the burning building a few days ago
and she thought she had a narrow escape.
几天前, 她从燃烧的大楼中获救, 她认为自己死里逃生。
was rescued from
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Over the past few years， several previously unknown species
of marine life _____________________ (discover) by scientists.
have been discovered
2.Computers __________________ (apply) in many fields in our
nation since the 1980s.
have been applied
3.To our relief, the painting _________ (sell) soon after it was
finished.
was sold
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.In the last few years, great changes ___________ (take) place
in my hometown.
have taken
5.The price of petrol __________ (rise) slightly since the
outbreak of conflicts in that area.
has risen
6.This core project ______________ (design) by the students in
senior high school last year.
was designed
7.So far, these traditional stories __________________ (pass)
down from parents to children over many generations.
have been passed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.Recently, the path along the stream __________________
(widen), providing easier access for hikers and nature lovers.
has been widened
9.All possible means ________________ (try) to protect this kind
of animals in danger up to now.
have been tried
10.China's high-speed rails ____________ (grow) from 9,000
kilometres to 25,000 kilometres in the past few years.
have grown
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ 句型转换(把下列句子变成含被动语态的句子)
1.Our factory has brought in new technology to improve
qualities of products.
→_________________________________________________________
____________________________
New technology has been brought in by our factory to improve qualities of products.
2.People have translated the book into multiple languages,for
instance, Spanish and French.
→_________________________________________________________
______________________________________
The book has been translated into multiple languages by people, for instance, Spanish and French.
1
2
3
4
5
3.As we all know, environmental pollution has greatly affected
people's health.
→_________________________________________________________
_______________________
As we all know, people's health has been greatly affected by environmental pollution.
4.An unknown virus has just attacked my computer.
→________________________________________________________
My computer has just been attacked by an unknown virus.
5.The company has donated many computers to a local school.
→_________________________________________________________
_____________
Many computers have been donated to a local school by the company.
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.Since the day the club was set up, ________________________
___________________________________________,like Chinese
poems, calligraphy, Chinese tea art and so on.
俱乐部自成立以来，举办了许多有趣且有意义的活动，如中国诗歌、
书法、中国茶艺等。
many interesting and significant/meaningful activities have been held
2.I'm delighted to inform you that ___________________________
________ for our “Discover Beautiful China” feature.
我很高兴通知您，您的文章已入选了我们的“发现美丽中国”专题。
your article has been selected
1
2
3
4
5
3.The environment in that area __________________________
over the past decades due to human activities.
在过去的几十年里,由于人类活动,那个区域的环境受到了严重的污染。
has been seriously polluted
4.The scientist's research _______________________ a brilliant
achievement, making significant contributions to the field of
science. (recognize)
这位科学家的研究已被公认为一项杰出的成就，为科学领域做出了
重大贡献。
has been recognized as
1
2
3
4
5
5.____________________________________and we are ready to
start.
一切准备工作都已就绪,我们准备出发了。
All the preparations have been made
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅳ 完形填空
[2024·黑龙江哈尔滨第三中学校高一期中]
Earlier this summer, my PhD graduation finally came. There
I . .1. . a poster board saying “Develop your potential”, and a . .2. .
on it arrested my attention: “Keep trying until you get it right.”
It made me stop to . .3. . my experiences.
I grew up with the dream of becoming a scientist. When I
finished my master's degree, I wanted to try something
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
more . .4. .: a doctoral degree. My dream met with a(n) . .5. .
when I failed the entrance exam. Nearly all my friends and
professors advised me to put it aside and accept the . .6. . I had
been offered. But I was . .7. . the routine work would hold back
my . .8. . for exploring. So I decided to apply abroad for doctoral
programmes.
I worked as a research assistant to earn a . .9. . while
studying for the programmes. I never . .10. . despite the
difficulties and was accepted into a doctoral programme in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
China eventually. There, I met even more . .11. .: language
problems, cultural differences， etc. Yet I held the same . .12. . as
the note writer: keep trying. Over time, everything was . .13. .
gradually.
I realized that by trying again and again, I have . .14. . my
potential. By focusing more on what I achieved and less on
what I . .15. ., I learned to enjoy the process of trying and the
unexpected opportunities it brought.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者儿时便梦想
着成为一名科学家。研究生毕业后，他决定考取博士学位，考试失
败后他没有放弃，而是选择申请中国的博士项目，经过不懈努力，
终于取得了成功。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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( ) 1.A.placed B.examined C.sighted D.monitored
[解析] 根据后文“…a poster board saying ‘Develop your potential’，
and a…on it arrested my attention.”可知，作者看到一块公告板。
故选C项。place放置； examine检查； sight看到； monitor监视。
( ) 2.A.chart B.message C.sign D.note
[解析] 根据语境及后文as the note writer可知，一张便条引起了作
者的注意。故选D项。chart图表；message信息；sign标志；note便条。
√
√
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
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13
14
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( ) 3.A.think up B.speak of C.reflect on D.get across
[解析] 根据便条上的内容和后文my experiences可知，便条上的内
容使作者反思自己的经历。故选C项。think up想出，发明；speak
of谈及；reflect on沉思，反思；get across被传达。
( ) 4.A.adventurous B.unique
C.advantageous D.ambitious
[解析] 根据前文“…I finished my master's degree…”和后文a
doctoral degree可知，研究生毕业后，作者想尝试更有抱负的事。
故选D项。adventurous惊险的；unique独特的；advantageous有利
的；ambitious有抱负的，有雄心的。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 5.A.blow B.objection C.conflict D.emergency
[解析] 根据后文“…I failed the entrance exam.”可知，作者考试失
败，受到打击。故选A项。blow打击；objection反对；conflict冲突；
emergency紧急情况。
( ) 6.A.certificate B.position C.reward D.reality
[解析] 根据前文可知，作者考试失败；根据前文accept和后文“…I
had been offered.”可知，朋友和教授都建议作者接受自己已经得到
的职位。故选B项。certificate证书；position职位，职务；reward奖
励；reality现实。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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12
13
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15
( ) 7.A.scared B.excited C.upset D.confused
[解析] 根据前文but和后文“…the routine work would hold back
my…for exploring.”可知，作者担心这份平淡乏味的工作会抑制他去
探索。故选A项。scared担心的；excited兴奋的；upset难过的；
confused困惑的。
( ) 8.A.admiration B.fire C.demand D.courage
[解析] 根据前文“But I was…the routine work would hold back
my…”和后文for exploring可知，作者担心这份平淡乏味的工作会抑
制他的探索热情。故选B项。admiration羡慕；fire热情，激情；
demand要求；courage勇气。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
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( ) 9.A.fortune B.reputation C.promotion D.living
[解析] 根据前文“I worked as a research assistant…”可知，作者通
过当研究助理来谋生。故选D项。fortune财富；reputation名誉；
promotion晋升；living生计，收入。
( ) 10.A.forgot B.resigned C.quitted D.relaxed
[解析] 根据后文“…despite the difficulties and was accepted into
a doctoral programme in China eventually.”可知，尽管困难重重，
但作者没有放弃，最终被录取。故选C项。forget忘记；resign辞职；
quit放弃；relax放松。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 11.A.challenges B.tests
C.alternatives D.programmes
[解析] 根据后文“…language problems, cultural differences， etc.”
可知，作者遇到了很多挑战。故选A项。challenge挑战；test测试；
alternative可供选择的事物；programme节目。
( ) 12.A.quality B.promise C.attitude D.goal
[解析] 根据前文“…I held the same…”和后文“…as the note writer:
keep trying.”可知，作者和写便条的人持一样的态度，即不断尝试。
故选C项。quality质量；promise承诺；attitude态度；goal目标。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 13.A.for sure B.beyond description
C.by choice D.on track
[解析] 根据语境和前文over time可知，随着时间的推移，一切逐渐
步入正轨。故选D项。for sure无疑，肯定；beyond description无法
形容；by choice出于自己的选择；on track步入正轨。
( ) 14.A.unlocked B.achieved C.shown D.understood
[解析] 根据全文内容和作者的经历可知，作者通过一次次的尝试，
发现了自己的潜力。故选A项。unlock发现，揭开；achieve实现；
show显示；understand理解。
√
√
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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12
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15
( ) 15.A.appreciated B.missed
C.deserved D.transformed
[解析] 根据前文“By focusing more on what I achieved and less
on what I…”和后文“…I learned to enjoy the process of trying
and the unexpected opportunities it brought.”可知，作者更多地
关注自己获得了什么，而不是错过了什么。故选B项。appreciate欣
赏，感激；miss错过，想念；deserve值得；transform使改观。
√
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Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·河北保定部分高中高一期中]
Tips for unplugging (拔掉电源插头) for the holidays
Unplugging for the holidays will give your brain a break
and allow yourself to enjoy more pleasures in your life. 1.___
These tips will help you have a tech-free holiday and enjoy the
benefits of unplugging for the holidays.
B
1
2
3
4
5
2.___ It's a lot easier to stay away from your smartphone if
everyone else you're with follows suit. Let family and friends
know you'd like to do digital detox (脱瘾) during your time.
Have everyone turn their phones off, and then collect them and
keep them in a separate room.
Plan or arrange activities in advance. The day might seem
boring if everyone's phone is taken and there's no plan for
entertainment. 3.___ From making popcorn and watching a
movie to going on a hike, baking cookies or playing board
A
G
1
2
3
4
5
games, you'll be surprised by how much fun you can have
together.
Keep your phone out of the bedroom at night. Give yourself an alarm clock, and keep your phone out of the room when you're getting ready to sleep. 4.___
Take time to relax. Whether it's reading a book or taking a
hot bath with essential oils, take time to enjoy life's little
pleasures but no technology.
Practise yoga (瑜伽). 5.___ Yoga changes your brain in a
variety of ways. With all the extra time you'll have from your
digital detox, you'll have time to get started.
D
E
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2
3
4
5
A.Get everyone on board.
B.Ready to unplug but not sure how
C.Feel happier and healthier with loved ones.
D.If possible, turn it off at least an hour beforehand.
E.It is a combination of physical and breathing exercises.
F.Your brain can focus on the task and news in hand more
quickly.
G.Expect this and design a list of activities everyone can take
part in.
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2
3
4
5
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何度过一个没
有电子产品的假期，享受生活中的乐趣。
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2
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1.___
B
[解析] 空前“Unplugging for the holidays will give your brain a
break and allow yourself to enjoy more pleasures in your life.”介
绍了远离电子产品的好处，空后“These tips will help you have a
tech-free holiday and enjoy the benefits of unplugging for the
holidays.”介绍了接下来要讲一些关于假期不用电子产品的建议，B选
项“准备好拔掉电源插头，但不知道怎么做？”为下文提建议做好了铺
垫，承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
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3
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2.___
A
[解析] 空格处是本段主题句。空后“It's a lot easier to stay away
from your smartphone if everyone else you're with follows suit.
Let family and friends know you'd like to do digital detox (脱瘾)
during your time. Have everyone turn their phones off, and then
collect them and keep them in a separate room.”指出要让家人和
朋友一起戒掉电子产品，A选项“让所有人都参与进来。”符合语境。
故选A。
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2
3
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5
3.___
G
[解析] 空前“The day might seem boring if everyone's phone is
taken and there's no plan for entertainment.”介绍了没有娱乐活动
的一天可能会让人觉得无聊，空后“From making popcorn and
watching a movie to going on a hike, baking cookies or playing
board games, you'll be surprised by how much fun you can
have together.”介绍了一些娱乐活动，G选项“预料到这一点，设计
一个每个人都可以参加的活动清单。”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
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2
3
4
5
4.___
D
[解析] 空前“Keep your phone out of the bedroom at night. Give
yourself an alarm clock, and keep your phone out of the room
when you're getting ready to sleep.”介绍了睡前要把手机放在卧室
外面，D选项“如果可能的话，至少提前一个小时关掉它。”也与晚上
不玩手机有关，承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
5.___
E
[解析] 本段主题句是“Practise yoga (瑜伽).”，因此空格处应该介绍
瑜伽这项运动，E选项“它是身体运动和呼吸运动的结合。”承接上文，
符合语境。故选E。
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2
3
4
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Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·江苏泰州中学高一期中]
A new form of transport will be with us in the next few
years—flying taxis. Many of us grew up 1._________ (watch) sci-
fi movies with flying cars. Science fiction is now becoming
science fact. The Japanese airline ANA has teamed 2.____ with a
US tech start-up called Joby Aviation. The two companies aim
3.________ (start) operating air taxis at the 2025 World Expo in
Osaka. They are 4._________ (current) working together on
watching
up
to start
currently
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
building the flying vehicle. They also need to work out 5.______
traffic rules should be followed by the taxis. The five-seat, all-
electric taxi will be able to take off and land vertically (垂直地).
It will have a flight range of 241 kilometres 6._____ a top
speed of 321 kph.
Joby's CEO said the taxis would be good for the
environment. He told reporters, “Joby exists to help people save
time while reducing their carbon footprint. Japan offers us
what
and
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7.____opportunity to do just that with 92 percent of the population living in urban areas.” The president of ANA, Koji Shibata, was also 8.________ (excite) about the project. He said, “ANA has 70 years of experience delivering safe flights to 9.___________ (customer) across the world. Being able to provide them with the option to travel rapidly and sustainably from an international airport to a downtown location 10.___ (be) very appealing.”
excited
customers
is
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
an
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在接下来的几年里，
一种新的交通方式将会出现——飞行出租车。
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2
3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
1._________
watching
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处需填非谓语动词
作状语，many of us和watch为逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词表
主动。故填watching。
2.____
up
[解析] 考查介词。team up with意为“与……协作”，因此空处应用
介词up。故填up。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.________
to start
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth意为“旨在做某事”，因此空
处应用不定式形式。故填to start。
4._________
currently
[解析] 考查副词。修饰动词需用副词currently，作状语。故填
currently。
5.______
what
[解析] 考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，作定语，修饰traffic
rules，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6._____
and
[解析] 考查连词。a flight range of 241 kilometres和a top speed
of 321 kph为并列关系，需用并列连词and连接。故填and。
7.____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。opportunity为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且
opportunity的发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
8.________
excited
[解析] 考查形容词。空处需填形容词作表语，表示人的感受，需用-
ed结尾的形容词excited。故填excited。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.___________
customers
[解析] 考查名词复数。空处需填名词作宾语，customer为可数名词，
根据across the world可知，需用名词复数。故填customers。
10.___
is
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，句子陈述客观事
实，应用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语，谓语动词需用第三人称
单数形式。故填is。
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10
