Period Two Using language
语言精讲
1.(1)①consideration ②considerable (2)①take my application into consideration/account或take account of my application
②Considering; are considering buying ③considerate of you
2.(1)①promoted ②promotion (2)①提升 ②促销 ③促进
④推? (3)to promote cultural communication
3.(1)①taken ②crossing (2)①unless (he is) spoken to
②While (he was) travelling ③Although (the old professor was) against
语法归纳
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.had been finished 2.had been built 3.had been trapped 4.has been considered 5.had been displayed
6.had been ruined 7.had been flooded 8.has been reduced
9.had been picked 10.had been given
●Ⅱ 1.had been sold out/had sold out 2.had the question been put forward 3.hadn’t been built 4.had been killed 5.had been collected/raisedPeriod Two Using language
Ⅰ.1.had been chosen 2.had been closed 3.has been transformed 4.have been included 5.was passed 6.had been torn 7.had been built 8.had been destroyed
Ⅱ.1.had been buried 2.had been lost 3.had been put off
Ⅲ.1.talented 2.that/which 3.to participate
4.centuries 5.It 6.achieving 7.had been recognized
8.revealed 9.on 10.successfully
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者受父母的影响而习惯要求一切都要完美,对家人很挑剔,这让他们体会不到过感恩节的真正意义。后来作者学到,把对别人的赞扬写下来,爱的力量就可以体现在每一个字上面,这样对方就可以保存并阅读,并且感受到爱和感激。
1.A 根据下文pursuit of perfection可知,作者受父母的影响而习惯要求一切都要完美。故选A。ideal完美的;new新的;permanent永久的;normal正常的。
2.B 根据下文“So whenever my parents visited us, I…myself for more fault-finding.”可知,父母对作者的批评一直在影响着她。故选B。finally最后; constantly不断地;merely仅仅;hardly几乎不。
3.C 根据后文myself for more fault-finding可知,因为父母要去她家,所以作者准备好迎接更多的挑剔。故选C。reward奖励;forgive原谅;prepare准备;blame责备。
4.D 根据后文“…pursuit of perfection took the joy away from our celebration.”可知,对完美的不健康追求夺走了庆祝活动的欢乐。故选D。lifelong终身的; aimless无目的的;curious好奇的;unhealthy不健康的。
5.C 根据下文“…I found myself, like my parents…people around me.”可知,作者变得跟她父母一样爱批评人,所以应该是忘记过感恩节的原因了。故选C。make sense of理解;get used to习惯;lose sight of忘记;pay attention to关注。
6.A 根据上文“Criticisms from my childhood…rang in my mind.”可知,作者的父母喜欢批评人。故选A。criticize批评;defend防御;support支持; praise赞美。
7.C 根据后文“…so that the person can save and read it.”可知,别人可以保存和阅读的是你写下的赞美。故选C。listen听;speak说;write写;test测试。
8.B 根据下文“We’re each going to write a message saying what we…about one of us.”可知,作者宣布了她的决定。故选B。report报告; announce宣布;reply回应;admit承认。
9.A 根据上文“Put your praise of someone in…so that the person can save and read it.”可知,书上建议人们把对别人的赞美写下来。故选A。appreciate欣赏,赏识;dislike不喜欢;expect期待;ignore忽视。
10.D 根据上文“Put your praise of someone in…so that the person can save and read it.”可知,作者他们把对其中一个人的赞扬写了下来,所以这里应该是便条。故选D。opinion观点;profile概述;gift礼物;note便条。
11.B 根据上文“…so that the person can save and read it.”可知,把对别人的赞扬写下来是为了让对方读到的。故选B。remember记得;read读; explain解释;recite背诵。
12.D 根据上文“My son sat up straighter after…what his father had written about him. And I felt so uplifted myself when I read ‘I am proud of your cooking.’”可知,作者的方法让彼此都感受到了被赞扬的力量,所以那是一个改变人生的时刻。故选D。chance机会;promise承诺;mistake错误;moment时刻。
13.B 根据下文“…we do it year-round—not just the fourth Thursday of November.”可知,作者一家人每年都有这个传统了。故选B。secret秘密; tradition传统;adventure冒险;election 选举。
14.A 根据上文“I no longer focus on finding fault with others.”可知,作者不再专注于挑剔别人,相反,作者更感兴趣的是如何帮助周围的人感受到爱和欣赏。故选A。
15.D 根据上文writing可知,爱的力量应该是体现在每一个字上面。故选D。effort努力;challenge挑战;wish希望;word字。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章就如何减少人们对失败的恐惧给了四个方法。
1.D 上文“Have you ever been so afraid of failing at something that you decided not to try at all Or has fear of failure meant that, subconsciously, you undermined (削弱) your own efforts to avoid the possibility of a larger failure ”讲述了人们害怕失败的现象和背后的心理因素,再结合下文“It’s important to realize that in everything we do, there’s always a chance that we’ll fail.”可知该空应该讲失败存在的普遍性,D选项(我们中的许多人可能曾经经历过这种情况。)切合语境,也可引出下文讲的人总会有失败的时候。故选D项。
2.F 由小标题“Analyse all potential outcomes.”可知本段主要讲减少人们对失败的恐惧的方法之一——分析事情将产生的所有潜在的结果,该空应该要分析人们害怕失败的原因,F选项(许多人害怕失败是因为他们害怕未知。)是对段落标题的阐释。故选F项。
3.G 由小标题“Set small goals.”可知本段主要讲减少人们对失败的恐惧的方法之一——设定小目标,再结合上文“So start by setting a few small goals.”可知,该空应该讲具体如何设置小目标,G选项(这些目标应该具有轻微的挑战性,但不是压倒性的挑战性。)对前句的小目标进行具体解释。故选G项。
4.B 由小标题“Learn to think more positively.”可知本段主要讲减少人们对失败的恐惧的方法之一——学会更积极地思考,再结合上文“Every coin has two sides.”可知,该空应该讲积极思考事物两面性后应该怎么做,B选项(你来决定要看哪一面。)切合语境。故选B项。
5.A 该空为小标题,需总结下文。由下文“In some cases, the toughest situation may be genuinely disastrous (灾难性的) and it may be perfectly reasonable to fear failure. In other cases, however, this worst case may actually not be that bad, and recognizing this can help.”可知,本段在谈论最坏的情况,A选项(看看最糟糕的情况。)切合语境。故选A项。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一位名叫Le Duc An的越南博士生在北京工业大学学习中国书法的经历。他从小就受到越南书法的影响,并于2019年来到北京攻读博士学位后,开始认真地学习中国书法。通过学习和参加比赛,他逐渐了解了中国书法的技巧和意义,并深受古代书法作品的启发和影响。
1.has studied/has been studying 考查动词时态。设空处使用动词作谓语,根据for nearly three years可知,此处可以为动作发生在过去,对现在产生影响,用现在完成时,同时也可以表示该动作在一段时间内持续发生,并可能持续下去,使用现在完成进行时。故填has studied/has been studying。
2.was exposed 考查动词时态和语态。be exposed to为固定短语,意为“接触……;暴露于……”,句中was表示动作发生在过去,故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was exposed。
3.committing 考查非谓语动词。句中spent为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词,此处he与commit之间是主动关系,故使用现在分词作状语。故填committing。
4.Initially 考查副词。设空处使用initial的副词形式initially作状语,意为“起初”。同时该空置于句首,单词首字母大写。故填Initially。
5.To gain 考查非谓语动词。句中has visited为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词,此处表示目的,故使用不定式结构作状语。同时该空置于句首,单词首字母大写。故填To gain。
6.in 考查介词。participate in为固定短语,意为“参与”。故填in。
7.where 考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句,代替先行词places在从句中作状语,应用关系副词where。故填where。
8.a 考查冠词。句中source为可数名词单数,意为“来源”,此处表示泛指,故设空处应该使用不定冠词。同时,major的首字母为辅音音素。故填a。
9.dynasties 考查名词复数。设空处使用名词作宾语,dynasty为可数名词,意为“朝代”,此处表示复数意义。故填dynasties。
10.impressed 考查非谓语动词。句中构成“find+宾语+宾补”结构,句中myself与impress之间是被动关系,故使用过去分词作宾补。故填impressed。Period Two Using language
1.considerate adj. 替他人着想的
(教材P24) I’d politely remind them it’s not permitted, and that they should be considerate of others. 我会礼貌地提醒他们这是不允许的,以及他们应该体谅别人。
(1)be considerate of/to/towards sb
对某人很体贴
it is considerate of sb (to do sth)
某人(做某事)很体贴/考虑周到
(2)consider (doing) sth 考虑(做)某事
(3)consideration n. 仔细考虑;深思
take sth into consideration(=take sth into account=take account of sth)
考虑到某事;顾及某事
(4)considering prep./conj. 考虑到;鉴于;
就……而言
(5)considerable adj. 相当多(或大、重要等)的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The proposals that you have put forward deserve serious (consider).
②The fire caused (consider) damage to the church.
(2)完成句子
①I’d appreciate it if you could
.
如果你能考虑一下我的申请,我将不胜感激。(应用文写作之申请信)
② the children are getting older, we a new house.
考虑到孩子们年龄越来越大,我们正在考虑买一套新房子。
③It was to offer us timely help.
你为我们提供及时的帮助,真是体贴。(应用文写作
之感谢信)
2.promote v. 促进,增进;促销,推销;提升,晋升
(教材P24) A school in our city came up with an innovative programme to promote the traditional value of honesty.
我们城市的一所学校想出了一个创新的方案来推?诚实这个传统价值。
promotion n. 提升,提拔;晋升;促销活动
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①While waiting for the opportunity to get
(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
②Her (promote) to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise.
(2)一词多义
①By sharing so many digital photos over the Internet, the group hopes to promote even wider interest around the world in China’s ancient history, culture, and traditions.
②The advertising industry started with the fundamental purpose of promoting and selling goods to people who might need them.
③Chinese students can be seen as cultural envoys promoting friendship between nations.
④The area is being promoted as a tourist destination.
(3)完成句子
Both sides hope that more exchange activities like this will be held in the future
.
双方希望今后能举办更多这样的交流活动,促进文化交流。(话题写作之活动介绍)
3.(教材P24) Think of more types of inappropriate behaviour and talk about what you think is the right thing to do when faced with them. 想想更多类型的不当行为,并谈论当面对它们时你认为应该做的正确的事是什么。
状语从句的省略
句型公式
【归纳拓展】
当when, while, unless, as if,if等引导状语从句时,若从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it,且从句谓语中含有be动词时,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词,构成“连词+v.-ing/v.-ed/adj./n.…”式的省略结构。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①When (take) according to the instructions, the drug has the least side effects.
②He was knocked down by a truck while
(cross) the street.
(2)完成句子
①He is a man of few words. He never speaks .
他是一个沉默寡言的人,除非别人同他说话,否则他从不说话。(读后续写之人物描写)
② in Europe, he found many interesting things and experienced different cultures.
在欧洲旅行时,他发现了许多有趣的事情,经历了不同的文化风俗。
③ my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own.
虽然老教授不同意我的观点,但他也没有提出自己的观点。
过去完成时的被动语态
一、过去完成时的被动语态概述
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。当句子的主语为谓语动词动作的承受者,并且该动作发生在过去的某一时刻或某一动作之前时,谓语动词应用过去完成时的被动语态。
二、过去完成时的被动语态的构成
过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式:
(1)肯定结构:主语+had been done+其他成分.
(2)否定结构:主语+had not been done+其他成分.
(3)疑问句结构:Had+主语+been done+其他成分 (一般疑问句)
疑问词+had+主语+been done+其他成分 (特殊疑问句) 如:
By the time he got to school, the first period had been finished.
当他到达学校时,第一节课已经结束了。
The paper hadn’t been finished before his tutor reminded him.
在他的导师提醒他之前,论文还没有完成。
Had many buildings been destroyed when the hurricane ended
飓风结束时,许多建筑物已被摧毁了吗
How had extensive tests been carried out on the patient by the end of last month
截至上个月底,对患者进行的全面检查是怎样开展的
三、过去完成时的被动语态的基本用法
(1)当by the end of, by the time, before, until, when等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时,或在by/by the end of和before后接表示过去的时间,且主句谓语表示的动作在过去某一时间以前已经被完成,用过去完成时的被动语态。如:
By the end of last year, our production tasks had been finished completely.
到去年年底,我们的生产任务已全部被完成。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,延续到过去另一时间的被动动作,常与for,since引导的时间状语连用。如:
It was reported that the new toothpaste had been advertised for several weeks.
据报道,这种新牙膏已经做了好几个星期的?告了。
(3)用在宾语从句中, 常放在said, told, thought, wondered等动词过去式的后面,表示在这些动作之前已经发生的被动动作。如:
She told us that she had been fired by the boss, which made her feel very upset.
她告诉我们她被老板解雇了,这让她感到非常难过。
(4)在hardly/scarcely…when…,no sooner…than…句式中,主句常用过去完成时,当主句主语是动作的承受者时,主句用过去完成时的被动语态,表示“一……就……”。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner置于句首时,其后要部分倒装。如:
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.
=No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 我们刚坐下,公共汽车就开了。
(5)根据语意可以判断出动作的先后以及被动关系,先发生的动作用过去完成时。如:
She returned home and found all her possessions had been ruined by the fire.
她回到家,发现她所有的财物都被大火烧毁了。
(6)在“It was the first/second/…time+that从句.”中,主语是动作的承受者时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。如:
It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.
那是我第一次当众挨批。
(7)在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去的事实相反,且主语是动作的承受者时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。如:
If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you.
如果我早点儿被邀请,我就和你一起去了。
四、与现在完成时的被动语态的区别
(1)现在完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的被动动作。
(2)过去完成时的被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的被动动作。如:
This polluted river has been cleaned thanks to joint efforts. 多亏(各方的)共同努力,这条被污染了的河流已被净化。
分析:该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。
He said this novel had been adapted for television.
他说这本小说已经被改编成电视节目。
分析:该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本小说已经被改编成电视节目。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The professor was delighted to find that the project (finish) by the students independently.
2.By the end of last year, many new houses
(build) by the hard-working workers.
3.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.
4.Nian was defeated, and since then, the colour red (consider) to bring good luck and good fortune to all.
5.It was the first time that the paintings (display) in the US.
6.She returned home and found that all her furniture (ruin) by the flood.
7.His village (flood) in the heavy rain, so he moved to his parents’ house.
8.The number of teenagers who committed crimes (reduce) by 20% over the past years.
9.Ding Zhen told us that the kind of plant (pick) in the mountains.
10.If I (give) another chance, I would have made different choices in my career.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.By the time we got there, all the tickets .
我们到达那里时,所有的票都卖完了。
2.No sooner than Tom rose to his feet to answer it.
这个问题一被提出,汤姆就站起来回答。
3.In the 1980s in this village, there were only muddy roads to the outside, and concrete ones yet.
在20世纪80年代,这个村庄只有泥泞的道路通往外面,混凝土的道路还没建。
4.The media reported more than 1,000 people in the biggest earthquake ever.
媒体报道,有一千多人在那场史上最大的地震中丧生。
5.By the end of last week, more than $50,000 for the affected area.
到上周末为止,(我们)已经为受灾地区筹集了5万多美元。Period Two Using language
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.This Monday morning I was informed that I (choose) as representative of the fundraising committee.
2.All water traffic and tourist attractions in that region (close) by Tuesday because the third typhoon of this year was on the way.
3.Up to now, the town’s outdated infrastructure (transform) through a series of innovations funded by a tax increase.
4.Many new words and phrases (include) in the revised edition so far.
5.A note (pass) up to the moderator and she concluded her statements in a hurry.
6.All the wooden fences around the campus (tear) down by the time Jack returned to school from home.
7.Three new golf courses (build) in the rural areas by the end of last year.
8.Obviously, the scene of the accident
(destroy) when the police arrived.
●Ⅱ 语法+写作
1.The archaeologists unearthed artifacts that for centuries in the primeval forest.
考古学家在原始森林中发掘出埋藏了几个世纪的手工艺品。
2.The painting which
for 20 years was found and returned to the museum. 这幅丢失了20年的画被找到并归还给了博物馆。
3.He hurried to the meeting room, only to be told the meeting .
他匆匆赶到会议室, 却被告知会议已经被推迟了。
●Ⅲ 语篇语法填空
The Olympic Games
Every four years, thousands of highly trained and 1. (talent) athletes gather together to test their abilities against each other. This is the Olympics—an extraordinary sporting event 2. was first celebrated about 3,000 years ago.
During the early Games, only Greek men were allowed 3. (participate). The ancient Olympic Games were held at Olympia in Greece every four years for almost 12 4. (century). The modern Olympics were first held in 1896, in Athens. 5. was a Frenchman, Pierre De Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life. People from diverse backgrounds have devoted themselves to 6. (achieve) sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement.
There are many respectable Olympians. One such Olympian was the boxer Muhammad Ali. By the time he died in 2016, Ali 7. (recognize) as one of the greatest boxers of all time. Another sportsperson that should be applauded is Jessica Ennis-Hill. In an interview she 8. (reveal) that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed.
The Beijing Olympics called 9. the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the slogan “One World, One Dream”. The year 2022 was another historic moment for China, as Beijing 10. (successful) hosted the Winter Olympics.
●Ⅳ 完形填空
[2024·福建莆田第一中学高二期末]
“This will never do,” I kept telling my husband as he set the table on Thanksgiving. I wanted everything to be 1 , because my parents would come. Criticisms from my childhood 2 rang in my mind. So whenever my parents visited us, I 3 myself for more fault-finding. The 4 pursuit of perfection took the joy away from our celebration. Gradually I 5 the reason for Thanksgiving, and I found myself, like my parents, 6 people around me.
Then luckily, I read from a book, “Too much criticism hurts; necessary praise helps. Put your praise of someone in 7 so that the person can save and read it.”
So the next Thanksgiving, I 8 to my husband and my son, “We’re each going to write a message saying what we 9 about one of us.” Despite their eye-rolling, we soon finished and exchanged our 10 . My son sat up straighter after 11 what his father had written about him. And I felt so uplifted myself when I read “I am proud of your cooking.” That was a life-changing 12 . Since then my family has the 13 and we do it year-round—not just the fourth Thursday of November.
I no longer focus on finding fault with others. 14 , I’m more interested in how I can help the people around me feel loved and appreciated. Especially in writing, every 15 is the power of love.
( )1.A.ideal B.new
C.permanent D.normal
( )2.A.finally B.constantly
C.merely D.hardly
( )3.A.rewarded B.forgave
C.prepared D.blamed
( )4.A.lifelong B.aimless
C.curious D.unhealthy
( )5.A.made sense of
B.got used to
C.lost sight of
D.paid attention to
( )6.A.criticizing B.defending
C.supporting D.praising
( )7.A.listening B.speaking
C.writing D.testing
( )8.A.reported B.announced
C.replied D.admitted
( )9.A.appreciate B.dislike
C.expect D.ignore
( )10.A.opinions B.profiles
C.gifts D.notes
( )11.A.remembering B.reading
C.explaining D.reciting
( )12.A.chance B.promise
C.mistake D.moment
( )13.A.secret B.tradition
C.adventure D.election
( )14.A.Instead B.Therefore
C.Besides D.Otherwise
( )15.A.effort B.challenge
C.wish D.word
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·安徽五市高二期末]
Overcoming fear of failure
Have you ever been so afraid of failing at something that you decided not to try at all Or has fear of failure meant that, subconsciously, you undermined (削弱) your own efforts to avoid the possibility of a larger failure 1. It’s important to realize that in everything we do, there’s always a chance that we’ll fail. Facing that chance and embracing it give us a more rewarding life. Here are a few ways to reduce the fear of failing.
Analyse all potential outcomes. 2. Remove that fear by considering all of the potential outcomes of your decision. You can map possible outcomes visually.
Set small goals. Imagining how life will be after you’ve reached your goal is a great motivator to keep you moving forward. So start by setting a few small goals. 3. Don’t focus on the end picture. Just focus on the next step. Taking one small step at a time will help build your confidence, and keep you moving towards your final goal.
Learn to think more positively. Every coin has two sides. 4. Learn to change your thoughts and focus more on the bright side of the situation, making you like yourself. Positive thinking is an incredibly powerful way to build self-confidence.
5. In some cases, the toughest situation may be genuinely disastrous (灾难性的) and it may be perfectly reasonable to fear failure. In other cases, however, this worst case may actually not be that bad, and recognizing this can help.
A.Look at the worse-case situation.
B.It is up to you to decide which one to look at.
C.Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends.
D.Many of us have probably experienced this at one time or another.
E.If you are afraid of failure, you might be uncomfortable setting goals.
F.Many people experience fear of failure because they fear the unknown.
G.These should be goals that are slightly, but not overwhelmingly, challenging.
●Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·河北百师联盟高二期末]
Every Wednesday afternoon, Le Duc An, a Vietnamese PhD student at Beijing University of Technology, practises calligraphy in the calligraphy group.
The 33-year-old 1. (study) Chinese calligraphy for nearly three years. “I 2. (expose) to Vietnamese calligraphy when I was a child, and it was one of the things that made the biggest impression on me,” An says.
When he came to Beijing in 2019 for his PhD studies focusing on the environment, he also spent time practising Chinese calligraphy, 3. (commit) himself in earnest to the journey of learning the art.
4. (initial), An says that he did not understand the techniques in Chinese calligraphy, but with the help of Professor Liu Hongli, he gradually came to understand the meaning behind the characters and the techniques in calligraphy.
5. (gain) a deeper understanding of calligraphy, An has visited many ancient sites in Beijing, including the Confucius Temple and the Forbidden City. He has also participated 6. a number of calligraphy competitions, both at school and international events.
An says that places 7. he has seen treasured scrolls of calligraphy have left a profound impression, and are 8. major source of inspiration. “Calligraphy has become a part of me,” An says.“Whenever I see Chinese calligraphy from different 9. (dynasty), and on sculptures and at historical sites, I find myself 10. (impress) by the vastness and depth of Chinese culture.” (共70张PPT)
Period Two
Using language
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
1.considerate adj. 替他人着想的
(教材P24) I'd politely remind them it's not permitted, and that they
should be considerate of others. 我会礼貌地提醒他们这是不允许的,以
及他们应该体谅别人。
(1)be considerate of/to/towards sb 对某人很体贴
it is considerate of sb (to do sth) 某人(做某事)很体贴/考虑周到
(2)consider (doing) sth 考虑(做)某事
(3)consideration n. 仔细考虑;深思
take sth into consideration(=take sth into account=take account of
sth) 考虑到某事;顾及某事
(4)considering prep./conj. 考虑到;鉴于;就……而言
(5)considerable adj. 相当多(或大、重要等)的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The proposals that you have put forward deserve serious
_________________ (consider).
②The fire caused ________________ (consider) damage to the church.
consideration
considerable
(2)完成句子
①I'd appreciate it if you could ____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.
如果你能考虑一下我的申请，我将不胜感激。(应用文写作之申请信)
take my application into consideration/account或take account of my application
②________________ the children are getting older, we
_____________________________ a new house.
考虑到孩子们年龄越来越大,我们正在考虑买一套新房子。
Considering
are considering buying
③It was ________________________ to offer us timely help.
你为我们提供及时的帮助,真是体贴。(应用文写作之感谢信)
considerate of you
2.promote v. 促进,增进;促销,推销;提升,晋升
(教材P24) A school in our city came up with an innovative
programme to promote the traditional value of honesty.
我们城市的一所学校想出了一个创新的方案来推广诚实这个传统价值。
promotion n. 提升,提拔;晋升;促销活动
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①While waiting for the opportunity to get _____________(promote),
Henry did his best to perform his duty.
②Her ______________ (promote) to Sales Manager took everyone by
surprise.
promoted
promotion
(2)一词多义
①By sharing so many digital photos over the Internet, the group
hopes to promote even wider interest around the world in China's
ancient history, culture, and traditions. _______
提升
②The advertising industry started with the fundamental purpose of
promoting and selling goods to people who might need them.
_______
促销
③Chinese students can be seen as cultural envoys promoting
friendship between nations. _______
④The area is being promoted as a tourist destination. _______
促进
推广
(3)完成句子
Both sides hope that more exchange activities like this will be held
in the future____________________________________________.
双方希望今后能举办更多这样的交流活动，促进文化交流。(话题写作之活动
介绍)
to promote cultural communication
3.(教材P24) Think of more types of inappropriate behaviour and
talk about what you think is the right thing to do when faced
with them. 想想更多类型的不当行为,并谈论当面对它们时你认为应该做的
正确的事是什么。
句型公式
状语从句的省略
【归纳拓展】
当when, while, unless, as if，if等引导状语从句时,若从句主语与主句主语
一致或从句主语是it,且从句谓语中含有be动词时,可以省略从句中的主语和be
动词,构成“连词+v.-ing/v.-ed/adj./n.…”式的省略结构。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①When ________ (take) according to the instructions, the drug has
the least side effects.
②He was knocked down by a truck while ___________(cross) the
street.
taken
crossing
(2)完成句子
①He is a man of few words. He never speaks
_______________________________.
他是一个沉默寡言的人,除非别人同他说话,否则他从不说话。(读后续写之人物
描写)
unless (he is) spoken to
②_______________________________ in Europe, he found many
interesting things and experienced different cultures.
在欧洲旅行时,他发现了许多有趣的事情,经历了不同的文化风俗。
While (he was) travelling
③___________________________________________________ my opinion,
the old professor didn't come up with his own.
虽然老教授不同意我的观点,但他也没有提出自己的观点。
Although (the old professor was) against
过去完成时的被动语态
一、过去完成时的被动语态概述
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即
“过去的过去”。当句子的主语为谓语动词动作的承受者,并且该动作发生在过
去的某一时刻或某一动作之前时,谓语动词应用过去完成时的被动语态。
二、过去完成时的被动语态的构成
过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式:
(1)肯定结构:主语+had been done+其他成分.
(2)否定结构:主语+had not been done+其他成分.
(3)疑问句结构:Had+主语+been done+其他成分 (一般疑问句)
疑问词+had+主语+been done+其他成分 (特殊疑问句) 如:
By the time he got to school, the first period had been finished.
当他到达学校时,第一节课已经结束了。
The paper hadn't been finished before his tutor reminded him.
在他的导师提醒他之前,论文还没有完成。
Had many buildings been destroyed when the hurricane ended
飓风结束时,许多建筑物已被摧毁了吗
How had extensive tests been carried outon the patient by the
end of last month
截至上个月底,对患者进行的全面检查是怎样开展的
三、过去完成时的被动语态的基本用法
(1)当by the end of, by the time, before, until, when等引导的时间状语
从句的谓语是一般过去时,或在by/by the end of和before后接表示过去的时
间,且主句谓语表示的动作在过去某一时间以前已经被完成,用过去完成时的被
动语态。如:
By the end of last year, our production tasks had been finished
completely.
到去年年底,我们的生产任务已全部被完成。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,延续到过去另一时间的被动动作,常与for,since引
导的时间状语连用。如:
It was reported that the new toothpaste had been advertised for
several weeks.
据报道,这种新牙膏已经做了好几个星期的广告了。
(3)用在宾语从句中, 常放在said, told, thought, wondered等动词过去式的
后面,表示在这些动作之前已经发生的被动动作。如:
She told us that she had been fired by the boss, which made her
feel very upset.
她告诉我们她被老板解雇了,这让她感到非常难过。
(4)在hardly/scarcely…when…,no sooner…than…句式中,主句常用过去完成
时,当主句主语是动作的承受者时,主句用过去完成时的被动语态,表示“一……
就……”。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner置于句首时,其后要部分倒装。如:
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.
=No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 我们刚坐下,
公共汽车就开了。
(5)根据语意可以判断出动作的先后以及被动关系,先发生的动作用过去完成时。
如:
She returned home and found all her possessions had been
ruined by the fire.
她回到家,发现她所有的财物都被大火烧毁了。
(6)在“It was the first/second/…time+that从句.”中，主语是动作的承受
者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。如：
It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.
那是我第一次当众挨批。
(7)在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，
要用过去完成时的被动语态。如：
If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you.
如果我早点儿被邀请,我就和你一起去了。
四、与现在完成时的被动语态的区别
(1)现在完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的被动动作。
(2)过去完成时的被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的被动动作。
如:
This polluted river has been cleaned thanks to joint efforts. 多亏
(各方的)共同努力,这条被污染了的河流已被净化。
分析:该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。
He said this novel had been adapted for television.
他说这本小说已经被改编成电视节目。
分析:该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本小说已经被改编成电视节目。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ单句填空
1.The professor was delighted to find that the project
_______________________ (finish) by the students independently.
2.By the end of last year, many new houses ___________________
(build) by the hard-working workers.
3.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who
_______________________(trap) in the mountains for two days.
had been finished
had been built
had been trapped
4.Nian was defeated, and since then, the colour red
__________________________ (consider) to bring good luck and good
fortune to all.
has been considered
5.It was the first time that the paintings _________________________
(display) in the US.
6.She returned home and found that all her furniture
______________________ (ruin) by the flood.
7.His village _______________________ (flood) in the heavy rain, so he
moved to his parents' house.
had been displayed
had been ruined
had been flooded
8.The number of teenagers who committed crimes
_______________________ (reduce) by 20% over the past years.
9.Ding Zhen told us that the kind of plant ______________________
(pick) in the mountains.
10.If I _____________________ (give) another chance, I would have
made different choices in my career.
has been reduced
had been picked
had been given
Ⅱ句型训练
1.By the time we got there, all the tickets _________________________
_____________________.
我们到达那里时,所有的票都卖完了。
had been sold out/had sold out
2.No sooner _____________________________________________than Tom
rose to his feet to answer it.
这个问题一被提出，汤姆就站起来回答。
had the question been put forward
3.In the 1980s in this village, there were only muddy roads to the
outside, and concrete ones ______________________ yet.
在20世纪80年代,这个村庄只有泥泞的道路通往外面,混凝土的道路还没建。
hadn't been built
4.The media reported more than 1,000 people ____________________
in the biggest earthquake ever.
媒体报道,有一千多人在那场史上最大的地震中丧生。
had been killed
5.By the end of last week, more than $50,000
________________________________ for the affected area.
到上周末为止,(我们)已经为受灾地区筹集了5万多美元。
had been collected/raised
练 习 册
Ⅰ单句填空
1.This Monday morning I was informed that I ____________________ (choose) as representative of the fundraising committee.
had been chosen
2.All water traffic and tourist attractions in that region
______________________ (close) by Tuesday because the third
typhoon of this year was on the way.
had been closed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3.Up to now, the town's outdated infrastructure
____________________________ (transform) through a series of
innovations funded by a tax increase.
has been transformed
4.Many new words and phrases _________________________(include)
in the revised edition so far.
have been included
5.A note _______________ (pass) up to the moderator and she
concluded her statements in a hurry.
was passed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
6.All the wooden fences around the campus __________________
(tear) down by the time Jack returned to school from home.
had been torn
7.Three new golf courses ___________________ (build) in the rural
areas by the end of last year.
had been built
8.Obviously, the scene of the accident __________________________
(destroy) when the police arrived.
had been destroyed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅱ语法+写作
1.The archaeologists unearthed artifacts that ______________________
for centuries in the primeval forest.
考古学家在原始森林中发掘出埋藏了几个世纪的手工艺品。
had been buried
2.The painting which __________________for 20 years was found and
returned to the museum. 这幅丢失了20年的画被找到并归还给了博物馆。
had been lost
3.He hurried to the meeting room, only to be told the meeting
______________________.
他匆匆赶到会议室, 却被告知会议已经被推迟了。
had been put off
1
2
3
Ⅲ语篇语法填空
The Olympic Games
Every four years, thousands of highly trained and
1.___________(talent) athletes gather together to test their abilities
against each other. This is the Olympics—an extraordinary sporting
event 2.______________was first celebrated about 3,000 years ago.
During the early Games, only Greek men were allowed
3.__________________(participate). The ancient Olympic Games were
held at Olympia in Greece every four years for almost
talented
that/which
to participate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12 4.____________(century). The modern Olympics were first held in
1896, in Athens. 5.___was a Frenchman, Pierre De Coubertin, who
brought the Olympics back to life. People from diverse
backgrounds have devoted themselves to 6._____________(achieve)
sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human
achievement.
There are many respectable Olympians. One such Olympian
was the boxer Muhammad Ali. By the time he died in 2016, Ali
7.___________________________(recognize) as one of the greatest
boxers of all time. Another sportsperson that should be applauded
centuries
It
achieving
had been recognized
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
is Jessica Ennis-Hill. In an interview she 8.___________(reveal) that
the secret of her consistent good performance was the training
that she never missed.
The Beijing Olympics called 9._____the whole world to join in
the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the
slogan “One World, One Dream”. The year 2022 was another
historic moment for China, as Beijing 10._______________(successful)
hosted the Winter Olympics.
revealed
on
successfully
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅳ完形填空
[2024·福建莆田第一中学高二期末]
“This will never do,” I kept telling my husband as he set the
table on Thanksgiving. I wanted everything to be . .1. ., because my
parents would come. Criticisms from my childhood . .2. . rang in my
mind. So whenever my parents visited us, I . .3. . myself for more
fault-finding. The . .4. . pursuit of perfection took the joy away from
our celebration. Gradually I . .5. . the reason for Thanksgiving, and I
found myself, like my parents, . .6. . people around me.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Then luckily, I read from a book, “Too much criticism hurts;
necessary praise helps. Put your praise of someone in . .7. . so that
the person can save and read it.”
So the next Thanksgiving, I . .8. . to my husband and my son,
“We're each going to write a message saying what we . .9. . about
one of us.” Despite their eye-rolling, we soon finished and
exchanged our . .10. .. My son sat up straighter after . .11. . what his
father had written about him. And I felt so uplifted myself when I
read “I am proud of your cooking.” That was a life- changing . .12. ..
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Since then my family has the . .13. . and we do it year-round—not
just the fourth Thursday of November.
I no longer focus on finding fault with others. . .14. ., I'm more
interested in how I can help the people around me feel loved and
appreciated. Especially in writing, every . .15. . is the power of love.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者受父母的影响而习惯要求
一切都要完美，对家人很挑剔，这让他们体会不到过感恩节的真正意义。后来
作者学到，把对别人的赞扬写下来，爱的力量就可以体现在每一个字上面，这
样对方就可以保存并阅读，并且感受到爱和感激。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 1.A.ideal B.new C.permanent D.normal
A
[解析] 根据下文pursuit of perfection可知，作者受父母的影响而习惯要求
一切都要完美。故选A。ideal完美的；new新的；permanent永久的；
normal正常的。
( ) 2.A.finally B.constantly C.merely D.hardly
B
[解析] 根据下文“So whenever my parents visited us, I…myself for
more fault-finding.”可知，父母对作者的批评一直在影响着她。故选B。
finally最后； constantly不断地；merely仅仅；hardly几乎不。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 3.A.rewarded B.forgave C.prepared D.blamed
C
[解析] 根据后文myself for more fault-finding可知，因为父母要去她家，
所以作者准备好迎接更多的挑剔。故选C。reward奖励；forgive原谅；
prepare准备；blame责备。
( ) 4.A.lifelong B.aimless C.curious D.unhealthy
D
[解析] 根据后文“…pursuit of perfection took the joy away from our
celebration.”可知，对完美的不健康追求夺走了庆祝活动的欢乐。故选D。
lifelong终身的； aimless无目的的；curious好奇的；unhealthy不健康的。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 5.A.made sense of B.got used to
C.lost sight of D.paid attention to
C
[解析] 根据下文“…I found myself, like my parents…people around
me.”可知，作者变得跟她父母一样爱批评人，所以应该是忘记过感恩节的原
因了。故选C。make sense of理解；get used to习惯；lose sight of忘记；
pay attention to关注。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 6.A.criticizing B.defending C.supporting D.praising
A
[解析] 根据上文“Criticisms from my childhood…rang in my mind.”
可知，作者的父母喜欢批评人。故选A。criticize批评；defend防御；
support支持； praise赞美。
( ) 7.A.listening B.speaking C.writing D.testing
C
[解析] 根据后文“…so that the person can save and read it.”可知，
别人可以保存和阅读的是你写下的赞美。故选C。listen听；speak说；write
写；test测试。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 8.A.reported B.announced C.replied D.admitted
B
[解析] 根据下文“We're each going to write a message saying what
we…about one of us.”可知，作者宣布了她的决定。故选B。report报告；
announce宣布；reply回应；admit承认。
( ) 9.A.appreciate B.dislike C.expect D.ignore
A
[解析] 根据上文“Put your praise of someone in…so that the person
can save and read it.”可知，书上建议人们把对别人的赞美写下来。故选A。
appreciate欣赏，赏识；dislike不喜欢；expect期待；ignore忽视。
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( ) 10.A.opinions B.profiles C.gifts D.notes
D
[解析] 根据上文“Put your praise of someone in…so that the person
can save and read it.”可知，作者他们把对其中一个人的赞扬写了下来，
所以这里应该是便条。故选D。opinion观点；profile概述；gift礼物；note
便条。
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( ) 11.A.remembering B.reading C.explaining D.reciting
B
[解析] 根据上文“…so that the person can save and read it.”可知，
把对别人的赞扬写下来是为了让对方读到的。故选B。remember记得；read
读； explain解释；recite背诵。
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( ) 12.A.chance B.promise C.mistake D.moment
D
[解析] 根据上文“My son sat up straighter after…what his father had
written about him. And I felt so uplifted myself when I read ‘I
am proud of your cooking.’”可知，作者的方法让彼此都感受到了被赞
扬的力量，所以那是一个改变人生的时刻。故选D。chance机会；promise承
诺；mistake错误；moment时刻。
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( ) 13.A.secret B.tradition C.adventure D.election
B
[解析] 根据下文“…we do it year-round—not just the fourth
Thursday of November.”可知，作者一家人每年都有这个传统了。故选B。
secret秘密； tradition传统；adventure冒险；election 选举。
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( ) 14.A.Instead B.Therefore C.Besides D.Otherwise
A
[解析] 根据上文“I no longer focus on finding fault with others.”可
知，作者不再专注于挑剔别人，相反，作者更感兴趣的是如何帮助周围的人感
受到爱和欣赏。故选A。
( ) 15.A.effort B.challenge C.wish D.word
D
[解析] 根据上文writing可知，爱的力量应该是体现在每一个字上面。故选D。
effort努力；challenge挑战；wish希望；word字。
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Ⅴ阅读七选五
[2024·安徽五市高二期末]
Overcoming fear of failure
Have you ever been so afraid of failing at something that you
decided not to try at all Or has fear of failure meant that,
subconsciously, you undermined (削弱) your own efforts to avoid
the possibility of a larger failure 1.____ It's important to realize
that in everything we do, there's always a chance that we'll fail.
Facing that chance and embracing it give us a more rewarding life.
Here are a few ways to reduce the fear of failing.
D
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Analyse all potential outcomes. 2.___ Remove that fear by
considering all of the potential outcomes of your decision. You can
map possible outcomes visually.
Set small goals. Imagining how life will be after you've reached
your goal is a great motivator to keep you moving forward. So
start by setting a few small goals. 3.____ Don't focus on the end
picture. Just focus on the next step. Taking one small step at a
time will help build your confidence, and keep you moving towards
your final goal.
F
G
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5
Learn to think more positively. Every coin has two sides. 4.___
Learn to change your thoughts and focus more on the bright side
of the situation, making you like yourself. Positive thinking is an
incredibly powerful way to build self-confidence.
5.___ In some cases, the toughest situation may be genuinely
disastrous (灾难性的) and it may be perfectly reasonable to fear
failure. In other cases, however, this worst case may actually not be
that bad, and recognizing this can help.
B
A
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A.Look at the worse-case situation.
B.It is up to you to decide which one to look at.
C.Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends.
D.Many of us have probably experienced this at one time or
another.
E.If you are afraid of failure, you might be uncomfortable setting
goals.
F.Many people experience fear of failure because they fear the
unknown.
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G.These should be goals that are slightly, but not overwhelmingly,
challenging.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章就如何减少人们对失败的恐惧给了四个方
法。
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1.____
D
[解析] 上文“Have you ever been so afraid of failing at something
that you decided not to try at all Or has fear of failure meant
that, subconsciously, you undermined (削弱) your own efforts to
avoid the possibility of a larger failure ”讲述了人们害怕失败的现象和
背后的心理因素，再结合下文“It's important to realize that in
everything we do, there's always a chance that we'll fail.”可知该空应
该讲失败存在的普遍性，D选项(我们中的许多人可能曾经经历过这种情况。)
切合语境，也可引出下文讲的人总会有失败的时候。故选D项。
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2.___
F
[解析] 由小标题“Analyse all potential outcomes.”可知本段主要讲减少
人们对失败的恐惧的方法之一——分析事情将产生的所有潜在的结果，该空应
该要分析人们害怕失败的原因，F选项(许多人害怕失败是因为他们害怕未知。)
是对段落标题的阐释。故选F项。
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3.____
G
[解析] 由小标题“Set small goals.”可知本段主要讲减少人们对失败的恐惧
的方法之一——设定小目标，再结合上文“So start by setting a few
small goals.”可知，该空应该讲具体如何设置小目标，G选项(这些目标应该
具有轻微的挑战性，但不是压倒性的挑战性。)对前句的小目标进行具体解释。
故选G项。
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4.___
B
[解析] 由小标题“Learn to think more positively.”可知本段主要讲减少
人们对失败的恐惧的方法之一——学会更积极地思考，再结合上文“Every
coin has two sides.”可知，该空应该讲积极思考事物两面性后应该怎么做，
B选项(你来决定要看哪一面。)切合语境。故选B项。
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5.___
A
[解析] 该空为小标题，需总结下文。由下文“In some cases, the
toughest situation may be genuinely disastrous (灾难性的) and it
may be perfectly reasonable to fear failure. In other cases, however,
this worst case may actually not be that bad, and recognizing this
can help.”可知，本段在谈论最坏的情况，A选项(看看最糟糕的情况。)切合
语境。故选A项。
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Ⅵ语法填空
[2024·河北百师联盟高二期末]
Every Wednesday afternoon, Le Duc An, a Vietnamese PhD
student at Beijing University of Technology, practises calligraphy in
the calligraphy group.
The 33-year-old 1.______________________________________(study)
Chinese calligraphy for nearly three years. “I 2._________________
(expose) to Vietnamese calligraphy when I was a child, and it was one of the things that made the biggest impression on me,” An says.
has studied/has been studying
was exposed
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When he came to Beijing in 2019 for his PhD studies focusing
on the environment, he also spent time practising Chinese
calligraphy, 3._______________(commit) himself in earnest to the
journey of learning the art.
4.__________(initial), An says that he did not understand the
techniques in Chinese calligraphy, but with the help of Professor
Liu Hongli, he gradually came to understand the meaning behind
the characters and the techniques in calligraphy.
committing
Initially
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5.___________(gain) a deeper understanding of calligraphy, An
has visited many ancient sites in Beijing, including the Confucius
Temple and the Forbidden City. He has also participated 6.____ a
number of calligraphy competitions, both at school and
international events.
To gain
in
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An says that places 7._________ he has seen treasured scrolls of
calligraphy have left a profound impression, and are 8.___ major
source of inspiration. “Calligraphy has become a part of me,” An
says.“Whenever I see Chinese calligraphy from different
9.____________(dynasty), and on sculptures and at historical sites, I
find myself 10.______________(impress) by the vastness and depth of
Chinese culture.”
where
a
dynasties
impressed
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【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一位名叫Le Duc An的
越南博士生在北京工业大学学习中国书法的经历。他从小就受到越南书法的影
响，并于2019年来到北京攻读博士学位后，开始认真地学习中国书法。通过
学习和参加比赛，他逐渐了解了中国书法的技巧和意义，并深受古代书法作品
的启发和影响。
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1.______________________________________
has studied/has been studying
[解析] 考查动词时态。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据for nearly three years
可知，此处可以为动作发生在过去，对现在产生影响，用现在完成时，同时也
可以表示该动作在一段时间内持续发生，并可能持续下去，使用现在完成进行
时。故填has studied/has been studying。
2._________________
was exposed
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。be exposed to为固定短语，意为“接触……；
暴露于……”，句中was表示动作发生在过去，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。
故填was exposed。
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3._______________
committing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句中spent为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此
处he与commit之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语。故填committing。
4.__________
Initially
[解析] 考查副词。设空处使用initial的副词形式initially作状语，意为“起
初”。同时该空置于句首，单词首字母大写。故填Initially。
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5.___________
To gain
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句中has visited为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动
词，此处表示目的，故使用不定式结构作状语。同时该空置于句首，单词首字
母大写。故填To gain。
6.____
in
[解析] 考查介词。participate in为固定短语，意为“参与”。故填in。
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7._________
where
[解析] 考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句，代替先行词places在从句
中作状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
8.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。句中source为可数名词单数，意为“来源”，此处表示泛
指，故设空处应该使用不定冠词。同时，major的首字母为辅音音素。故填a。
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9.____________
dynasties
[解析] 考查名词复数。设空处使用名词作宾语，dynasty为可数名词，意为
“朝代”，此处表示复数意义。故填dynasties。
10.______________
impressed
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句中构成“find+宾语+宾补”结构，句中myself与
impress之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作宾补。故填impressed。
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