Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
【课前自主探究】
Task 1: Fast Reading
1.combat Ebola 2.give up on 3.miracles 4.powerful bonds 5.common cause 6.last reported case 7.will continue
Task 2: Careful Reading
1—4 CBAD
Task 3: Micro-writing
1.to offer 2.despite 3.talking 4.who 5.pride
6.have worked 7.were 8.a 9.absolutely 10.global
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.(1)①to collect ②assistant (2)①assist him in/with
②comes to his assistance
2.(1)①relieved ②relief (2)①relieve my stress/relieve me of my pressure ②in relief
3.(1)infection (2)①the most infectious expressions ②be infected with
句型透视
1.①It is/has been many years ②since he had graduated from
③since he left his hometown
2.①it/this is the first time ②we have visited this famous national museumUnit 4 Breaking boundaries
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.1.statistics 2.boundary 3.outbreak 4.miracle
5.tackle
Ⅱ.1.assistance 2.vitally 3.devotion 4.infectious
5.relief 6.specialist 7.compensation/compensating 8.disinfect
Ⅲ.1.against all odds 2.take chances 3.be involved in
4.give up on 5.ended in
Ⅳ.1.that I have written 2.It was a relief that 3.since he took over the company 4.were amazed to find
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生物医学突破如何从深海微生物中获得启示,以及这些微生物如何为人类提供新的治疗和诊断工具。
1.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Biomedical breakthroughs sometimes happen in the most unlikely places. Take the deep sea for an illustration. Under extreme conditions, at times of no oxygen, microbes (微生物) not only survive there, but they thrive. This incredible adaptation offers insight into how life evolved billions of years ago and how modern humans may be able to fight infections and diseases—tests used to diagnose (诊断) some viruses were developed with the help of an enzyme (酶)separated from microbes found in the ocean.”(生物医学的突破有时发生在最不可能的地方。以深海为例。在极端条件下,在没有氧气的时候,微生物不仅能在那里生存,而且还能茁壮成长。这种令人难以置信的适应能力让我们了解了数十亿年前生命是如何进化的,以及现代人类是如何能够对抗感染和疾病的——用于诊断一些病毒的测试是在从海洋中发现的微生物中分离出来的一种酶的帮助下发展起来的。)可推知,第一段主要告诉我们有时候可以从海洋微生物身上取得生物医学突破。故选C。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Take the deep sea for an illustration. Under extreme conditions, at times of no oxygen, microbes (微生物) not only survive there, but they thrive. This incredible adaptation offers insight into how life evolved billions of years ago…”可知,海洋微生物即便在极端条件下,也能生存甚至茁壮成长,其拥有极强的适应能力。故选A。
3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Virginia Edgcomb所说的“To our naked eye, it looks like there’s nothing there but there’s huge potential.”(在我们的肉眼看来,那里什么都没有,但却有巨大的潜力。)以及最后一段“This is tough, but I do hope people realize that the more we can learn about microbes, the better off we are.”(这很难,但我确实希望人们意识到,我们对微生物了解得越多,我们的生活就越好。)可知,Virginia Edgcomb认为对微生物了解得越多,我们的生活就越好。故选A。
4.B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Biomedical breakthroughs sometimes happen in the most unlikely places.”和第三段“The deep sea has already given us chemicals to treat certain cancer or nerve damage. Breakthroughs have also come from the ocean depths in the form of diagnostic tools.”(深海已经为我们提供了治疗某种癌症或神经损伤的化学物质。突破也以诊断工具的形式来自海洋深处。)以及全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了科学家们在深海中发现微生物,并利用这些微生物产生的化学物质对抗病毒和其他疾病,以及这些微生物在医学领域中的应用前景。由此可知,最适合的标题是“Finding answers in the deep ocean”(在深海中寻找答案)。故选B。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国汽车制造业的巨大发展及其优势。
1.D 上文“But a newcomer will soon be running after them at their heels.”说明汽车行业将迎来后起之秀;下文“It is more than ten years since they did better than America to become the most productive car-makers in the world.”说明新加入的汽车制造商潜力巨大,D项(中国人并不是真正的新来者。)中newcomers照应上文的newcomer,并引出下文具体解释,因为中国的汽车制造商十多年来一直比美国做得好,所以并非真正的新来者,衔接恰当。故选D项。
2.A 上文“China is producing the best cars in the world, and on the way to controlling car production.”说明了中国汽车制造业的发展,并结合下文对中国汽车制造业的优势分析可知,A项(这是怎么发生的 )承上启下,引出下文对中国汽车制造业发展原因的分析,衔接恰当。故选A项。
3.G 上文“China has gradually built its car-making capabilities during different periods.”说明中国汽车制造业是逐步发展壮大的,G项“It originally began making Soviet-designed vehicles in the 1950s.”追溯中国汽车制造的历史,与下文第二个发展阶段“And then its state-owned companies reached arrangements with Western makers like General Motors in the 1980s.”衔接恰当。故选G项。
4.F 下文“It still pays relatively low wages and has millions of skilled workers. Skilled workers are important to reduce the costs because they make vehicles that need fewer rebuilds.”说明中国的人口优势有利于降低生产成本,F项(中国在以合适的价格生产汽车方面也处于有利地位。)衔接后文恰当。故选F项。
5.B 上文“Some Chinese vehicles in the past ten years haven’t had the design expected by Western buyers, so haven’t sold enough cars in Europe to worry the Western makers.”说明了过去中国汽车在欧洲遭遇的困境;下文“Chinese-designed and built vehicles are not far behind in their design, and starting to enter European markets.”说明中国汽车在欧洲遭遇的困境即将迎来转机,B项(然而,这种情况正在迅速改变。)承上启下,与上文构成转折关系,并引出下文具体的改变,衔接恰当。故选B项。
Ⅶ.【文章大意】 这是一篇新闻报道。在过去的十年里,在中国寻求高等教育的国际学生的数量一直在增长。对于许多外国学生来说,他们对湖北武汉大学的学习和社交环境评价很高。文章以来自新加坡的Goh Qian Xuan为例,说明了她在武汉求学的情况。
1.in 考查介词。固定短语in search of “寻找”,故填in。
2.its 考查代词。后文environment为名词,需用形容词性物主代词修饰,故填its。
3.was selected 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且根据后文gave her the chance to work可知为一般过去时,主语为Goh Qian Xuan,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填was selected。
4.which 考查定语从句。本句为非限制性定语从句,修饰上文整个句子,且从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词which。故填which。
5.closely 考查副词。修饰动词work应用副词,且表示“亲密地”应用副词closely,故填closely。
6.to get 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知get在句中用非谓语动词形式,且表目的应用不定式。故填to get。
7.how 考查连接词。本句为宾语从句,从句中缺少方式状语,表示“如何”,故填how。
8.less 考查副词比较级。less like“不太像”,故填less。
9.amazing 考查形容词。修饰名词years应用形容词,故填amazing。
10.matters 考查名词复数。matter为可数名词,表示“事情”,由certain修饰应用复数形式。故填matters。Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
Doctors of the World helping others
Doctors of the World is an organization dedicated to helping vulnerable groups of people by providing them with basic health care. This organization was first founded in 1980 by 15 doctors who believed in bringing relief to the poorest population in the world. The first doctors were sent to unstable areas like El Salvador and Afghanistan during wartime. Doctors of the World, also called Médecins du Monde (MdM), settled its headquarters in Paris in 1980.
There are several important fields that MdM is working on. First of all, MdM takes care of women and children living in developing countries that lack basic health facilities. Second, MdM delivers health care to people who are infected with infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. Third, MdM also takes care of the immigrants, who are new to an environment and left their country’s health care systems behind. Last but not least, MdM is dedicated to helping people suffering from local conflicts and war. During the times of conflicts and war, people leave their health resources behind and are vulnerable to diseases.
MdM is actively involved in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America and New York State. For example, its involvement in Rockaways, New York has become a great relief to the local population. In Rockaways, 21 percent of the residents lack health insurance and 20 percent of them live below the poverty line. Since Hurricane Sandy came to Rockaways, MdM has tried its best to provide basic health care. MdM brings volunteer doctors to local families to provide primary treatment and prescribe further care if needed.
MdM also applies innovative ways to help unprivileged people. In North America, Doctors of the World Canada launched its first mobile clinic, which will provide health care services in several districts. In addition to volunteer doctors, the team also includes a driver, nurses and other volunteers. Using mobile clinics makes it more convenient to provide basic health care for marginalized people.
MdM considers access to health care a fundamental right of all human beings. Today, its global network provides basic care for over 1.6 million people in 79 countries all over the world.
【主题词句背诵】
1.basic health care 基础医疗服务
2.bring relief to 为……带来救济
3.be infected with 被感染上……
4.be vulnerable to diseases 易感染上疾病
5.be actively involved in 积极参与……
6.apply innovative ways 运用创新的方法
7.access to health care 获得医疗服务
8.Third, MdM also takes care of the immigrants, who are new to an environment and left their country’s health care systems behind.
第三,世界医生组织也会照顾那些刚来到新的环境且放弃了原有国家的医疗系统的移民。
9.Using mobile clinics makes it more convenient to provide basic health care for marginalized people.
利用移动诊所让为处于社会边缘的人们提供基础的医疗服务更加方便。
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
Task 1: Fast Reading
Task 2: Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
( )1.What does the word “cause” mean in Paragraph 3
A.A reason for having particular feelings or behaving in a particular way.
B.The person or thing that makes something happen.
C.An organization or idea that people support or fight for.
D.A case that goes to court.
( )2.According to the passage, what happened after the author’s arrival
A.A family of six were infected and all of them soon died.
B.There was little hope for the two infected boys but the author and his colleagues didn’t give up.
C.Due to the high death rate, the author was always very frustrated.
D.The author managed to save only two children after his arrival.
( )3.Which of the following words can’t be used to describe the author’s job
A.Light.
B.Demanding.
C.Life-threatening.
D.Rewarding.
( )4.From the last paragraph, we can learn that someone will .
A.be in the author’s shoes
B.come to the author’s assistance
C.return to his own country
D.take the author’s place
Task 3: Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
Almost three months ago, I arrived in Liberia with MSF. Before arrival, I saw many tragic scenes on the news and I was determined 1. (offer) my help to the best of my ability as a result of my duty as a doctor 2. the dangers.
My mission was to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases. She spent an hour with me in the staff room 3. (talk) me through the daily work and introduced some colleagues to me, 4. are Wilton, Maisy and Alfonso. Finally, I found I was the only Chinese doctor among people of all ages, colours and beliefs. I felt a growing sense of 5. (proud) and made up my mind to work hard for this noble cause. In the few weeks since then, we 6. (work) together to save people and never left a patient behind in spite of the high death rate and our efforts paid off.
Just after my arrival, I remembered, a family of six 7. (be) all infected and the twin girls and their parents soon died. Even though there was little hope for the brothers, we still did our best to save them. When we visited the ward the next morning, to our surprise, both boys were still alive against all odds. Little by little, they have since made 8. full recovery, which gave us great relief.
Now I’m leaving and someone else will arrive to step into my shoes. However, the tireless work the MSF members do will go on. After all, in a world facing so many problems, it is 9. (absolute) essential for us all to work together to create a 10. (globe) community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.
1.assist v. 帮助,协助,援助;促进
(教材P50) It assists people based on need, regardless of which country they are from.
它根据需要帮助人们,不管他们来自哪个国家。
(1)assist sb with/in sth 帮助/协助某人做
某事
assist sb to do/ in doing sth 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n. 援助,帮助;辅助
come to one’s assistance 援助某人
(3)assistant n. 助理;助手
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①During the course of research, I hold it is my responsibility to assist my tutor (collect) data and make analysis.
②The shop (assist) was dismissed as she was charged with cheating customers.
(2)完成句子
①To preserve a friend, three things are required: to honour him present, praise him absent, and his necessities.
维持友谊需要三点:当面尊重他,背后赞扬他,当他需要时帮助他。
②Whenever he is in trouble, his best friend always .
每当他遇到困难时,他最好的朋友总是来帮助他。
2.relieve v.给(某人)换班,接替;解除;减轻(问题的严重性),缓和(不快或痛苦);调剂,使有趣
(教材P50)My mission was to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting. 我的任务是在埃玛,一位加拿大传染病专家,任期结束的时候接她的班。
(1)relieve sb of… 减轻某人的……;开除
某人
(2)relief n. 减轻,缓解;宽慰,轻松;救济品
to one’s relief 令某人感到欣慰的是
in relief 如释重负;松了口气
(3)relieved adj. 感到宽慰的,放心的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2020·天津卷] I’m (relieve)to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
②Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of (relieve) when the season comes to a close.
(2)完成句子
①Not only can these activities ,
but also they can broaden my horizons.
这些活动不仅可以缓解我的压力,还可以开阔我的视野。(话题写作之活动介绍)
②Seeing her son return home safely, she smiled .
看到她儿子平安回家,她如释重负地笑了。(读后续
写之动作描写)
3.infectious adj.传染性的;有感染力的
(教材P50)My mission was to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting.
我的任务是在埃玛,一位加拿大传染病专家,任期结束的时候接她的班。
(1)infect v. 传染;使感染
be infected with 被传染上……;被……
感染
(2)infection n. 传染,感染;传染病
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
We will do all that we can to minimize the risk of (infect).
(2)完成句子
①Laughter is one of
of emotion.
笑是最具感染力的情感表达方式之一。
②If you are bitten by a dog, you may a terrible disease—rabies.
如果你被一只狗咬了,你可能会感染上一种可怕的疾病——狂犬病。
1.(教材P50) It’s exactly one month since the last reported case. 距离上次报告的病例已经整整一个月了。
“It be+一段时间+since…”句型
句型公式
【句式点拨】
“It be+一段时间+since…”句型,意为“自从……已有多长时间了。”本句中since后为名词词组,意为“自从上次报告的病例之后”。
【相关拓展】
since后还可接从句。主句谓语为is或has been,since从句用一般过去时;主句谓语为was,since从句用过去完成时。
【活学活用】
完成句子
① since Lei Feng passed away, but he still lives on in our hearts.
雷锋已经去世很多年了,但他仍然活在我们心中。
②He said it was ten years this school.
他说他从这所学校毕业已经十年了。
③It is ten years .
自从他离开他的家乡已经有十年了。
2.(教材P52) It is not the first time the author has worked with MSF. 这不是作者第一次与无国界医生组织合作。
“It be the first/second…time+(that)…”句型
句型公式
【句式点拨】
(1)“It be the first/second…time+(that)…”句型,意为“这/那是第……次做某事”,主语可根据语境使用it, this或that;
(2)主句谓语为is时,that从句用现在完成时;主句谓语为was时,that从句用过去完成时。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①To tell the truth, that we have had such a scary experience.
说实话,这是我们第一次有这么可怕的经历。
②This is the second time that .
这是我们第二次参观这个著名的国家博物馆。Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.According to some official (统计数据), 500 people died in the terrible earthquake.
2.Actually, this fence marks the (边界) between my garden and Mrs Wang’s.
3.In the early 19th century, when an (爆发) of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease.
4.It will be considered a m if someone is saved after being trapped for 72 hours.
5.To be honest, I just can’t think of a better way to t this tiresome problem.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.The company provides varied advice and (assist) for the graduated searching for jobs.
2.Setting a clear objective at the beginning of the new semester is (vital) important to your study.
3.As an educator, he showed selfless (devote) to his occupation.
4.Frankly speaking, these viruses affect children and are highly (infect).
5.To my mother’s (relieve), I have chosen a rewarding occupation path that provides a promising wage.
6.The doctor has made an initial diagnosis, but there’ll be an additional examination by a (special).
7.When I reported it to the staff on duty, they totally ignored my demand for (compensate) for damage.
8.What I have to emphasise is that you should (infect) the operating room every day.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.Some men do manage to achieve business success (尽管困难重重).
2.It is his nature to (冒险) and he never holds back in the face of danger.
3.The manager made an initiative that employees should (参与) the management of the company.
4.I originally had intended to (对……不抱希望) getting into a key university, but the consequence was beyond my expectations.
5.A heated discussion (以……结束) fierce disagreement when someone voiced a completely different idea.
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1.It is the first time with real passion.
这是我第一次满怀热情地写作。
2. he won the match at last after a series of failures.
他在一连串的失败后最终赢得比赛,真是松了一口气。
3.It is seven years
.
他接管公司以来已经有七年了。
4.We that after the treatment of the expert, the twins made a miraculous recovery. 我们惊讶地发现,经过专家的治疗之后,这对双胞胎竟奇迹般痊愈了。
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·辽宁大连高二期末]
Biomedical breakthroughs sometimes happen in the most unlikely places. Take the deep sea for an illustration. Under extreme conditions, at times of no oxygen, microbes (微生物) not only survive there, but they thrive. This incredible adaptation offers insight into how life evolved billions of years ago and how modern humans may be able to fight infections and diseases—tests used to diagnose (诊断) some viruses were developed with the help of an enzyme (酶) separated from microbes found in the ocean.
“We’ve found marine microbes that produce antimicrobials—basically chemical weapons that help them fight off other organisms and resist viruses,” says Virginia Edgcomb, a microbiologist investigating deep-sea bacteria. These microbes feed on tough substances and produce antimicrobial chemicals.
The deep sea has already given us chemicals to treat certain cancer or nerve damage. Breakthroughs have also come from the ocean depths in the form of diagnostic tools.
The pathway to developing tests started back in 1969 when some heat-loving microbes were found in the depth of 5,000 metres beneath the sea. By the mid-1980s, the humble microbes had enabled a major advance in the emerging field of genetics. Scientists found that their enzymes remained stable enough to make millions of copies of a single DNA sequence (序列) in just a few hours, essentially upgrading geneticists’ tools.
“A lot of people think of the deep sea as a desert,” Virginia says. “To our naked eye, it looks like there’s nothing there but there’s huge potential. What I can do as a science researcher is record the remarkable diversity of microbes and make their gene sequence available, which may help lead to treatment or diagnostic tools in the future.”
“We need to have people constantly exploring the fascinating habitats in order to continue uncovering a new page of medically-relevant enzymes,” Virginia says. “This is tough, but I do hope people realize that the more we can learn about microbes, the better off we are.”
( )1.What does Paragraph 1 aim to tell us
A.The need to deal with infections and diseases.
B.Incredible conditions for microbes to survive.
C.Biomedical inspirations from undersea microbes.
D.Significant breakthroughs of human development.
( )2.What can be inferred about marine microbes from the text
A.They develop adaptability even in tough conditions.
B.They merely enhance our understanding of diseases.
C.They lead to progress in tools to test stable enzymes.
D.They present us with treatment for common cancers.
( )3.What do Virginia Edgcomb’s words in the last two paragraphs suggest
A.More awareness of microbes will benefit humans.
B.The deep-sea microbes may help us with desert issues.
C.Researchers’ future task is to record medical treatment.
D.We should explore more habitats to free us from microbes.
( )4.What is a suitable title for the text
A.Chemical weapons against viruses
B.Finding answers in the deep ocean
C.A look back at research in microbes
D.Future ways to upgrade human DNA
●Ⅵ 阅读七选五
[2024·湖南常德第一中学高二期末]
Europe and other Western nations have controlled car industry for over a century. But a newcomer will soon be running after them at their heels. 1. It is more than ten years since they did better than America to become the most productive car-makers in the world. China is producing the best cars in the world, and on the way to controlling car production. 2.
China has gradually built its car-making capabilities during different periods. 3. And then its state-owned companies reached arrangements with Western makers like General Motors in the 1980s. This produced cars that were far better designed, and soon China’s roads were becoming busy with Western clones.
4. It still pays relatively low wages and has millions of skilled workers. Skilled workers are important to reduce the costs because they make vehicles that need fewer rebuilds. Some Chinese vehicles in the past ten years haven’t had the design expected by Western buyers, so haven’t sold enough cars in Europe to worry the Western makers. 5. Chinese-designed and built vehicles are not far behind in their design, and starting to enter European markets. Xpeng is one Chinese start-up that only produces electric vehicles. Having sold well in China, it is making its first moves into Europe via Norway with its G3 model. The next revolution in car industry is replacing petrol vehicles with electric ones. With all of China’s advantages, it could finally become the home of the best cars in the world.
A.How did this happen
B.Yet this is changing rapidly.
C.These cars sold well at home and abroad.
D.The Chinese are not exactly newcomers.
E.China also has excellent shipping links, like Shanghai.
F.China is also in a good position to build cars for the right price.
G.It originally began making Soviet-designed vehicles in the 1950s.
●Ⅶ 语法填空
[2024·福建福州金山中学高二期末]
The number of international students 1. search of higher education in China has been increasing in the past ten years. For many foreign students, they think highly of Wuhan University in Hubei Province because of 2. (it) learning and social environment.
Goh Qian Xuan from Singapore 3. (select) to be the president of the Wuhan University Singaporean Students Association and the Chinese Language and Literature Student Union during her four years of studying in Wuhan, 4. gave her the chance to work 5. (close) with students from other countries. “I didn’t come to Wuhan just 6. (get) good grades,” Goh says. “Being part of the local student communities and seeing 7. things are done have really helped me to better understand Chinese people and China.”
The university also offers various activities to them. Goh says she felt 8. (little) like a foreign student only after a year in the Student Union. “The environment is truly good for Chinese studies,” she says. “The four 9. (amaze) years I spent in Wuhan have helped to build a strong foundation for my life and career. This experience has proved many of my former ideas wrong as I now understand the main reasons behind the Chinese ways to deal with certain 10. (matter).” (共65张PPT)
Period One
Starting out & Understanding ideas
Doctors of the World helping others
Doctors of the World is an organization dedicated to helping
vulnerable groups of people by providing them with basic health
care. This organization was first founded in 1980 by 15 doctors
who believed in bringing relief to the poorest population in the
world. The first doctors were sent to unstable areas like El Salvador
and Afghanistan during wartime. Doctors of the World, also called
Médecins du Monde (MdM), settled its headquarters in Paris in
1980.
There are several important fields that MdM is working on.
First of all, MdM takes care of women and children living in
developing countries that lack basic health facilities. Second, MdM
delivers health care to people who are infected with infectious
diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. Third, MdM also
takes care of the immigrants, who are new to an environment
and left their country's health care systems behind. Last but not
least, MdM is dedicated to helping people suffering from local
conflicts and war. During the times of conflicts and war, people
leave their health resources behind and are vulnerable to diseases.
MdM is actively involved in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Latin
America and New York State. For example, its involvement in
Rockaways, New York has become a great relief to the local
population. In Rockaways, 21 percent of the residents lack health
insurance and 20 percent of them live below the poverty line.
Since Hurricane Sandy came to Rockaways, MdM has tried its best
to provide basic health care. MdM brings volunteer doctors to local
families to provide primary treatment and prescribe further care if
needed.
MdM also applies innovative ways to help unprivileged people.
In North America, Doctors of the World Canada launched its first
mobile clinic, which will provide health care services in several
districts. In addition to volunteer doctors, the team also includes a
driver, nurses and other volunteers. Using mobile clinics makes it
more convenient to provide basic health care for marginalized
people.
MdM considers access to health care a fundamental right of
all human beings. Today, its global network provides basic care for
over 1.6 million people in 79 countries all over the world.
【主题词句背诵】
1.basic health care 基础医疗服务
2.bring relief to 为……带来救济
3.be infected with 被感染上……
4.be vulnerable to diseases 易感染上疾病
5.be actively involved in 积极参与……
6.apply innovative ways 运用创新的方法
7.access to health care 获得医疗服务
8.Third, MdM also takes care of the immigrants, who are new to
an environment and left their country's health care systems behind.
第三,世界医生组织也会照顾那些刚来到新的环境且放弃了原有国家的医疗系统
的移民。
9.Using mobile clinics makes it more convenient to provide basic
health care for marginalized people.
利用移动诊所让为处于社会边缘的人们提供基础的医疗服务更加方便。
主题素养积累
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
练习册
Task 1: Fast Reading
combat Ebola
give up on
miracles
powerful bonds
common cause
last reported case
will continue
Task 2: Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the
text.
( ) 1.What does the word “cause” mean in Paragraph 3
C
A.A reason for having particular feelings or behaving in a particular
way.
B.The person or thing that makes something happen.
C.An organization or idea that people support or fight for.
D.A case that goes to court.
( ) 2.According to the passage, what happened after the
author's arrival
B
A.A family of six were infected and all of them soon died.
B.There was little hope for the two infected boys but the author
and his colleagues didn't give up.
C.Due to the high death rate, the author was always very
frustrated.
D.The author managed to save only two children after his arrival.
( ) 3.Which of the following words can't be used to describe
the author's job
A
A.Light. B.Demanding.
C.Life-threatening. D.Rewarding.
( ) 4.From the last paragraph, we can learn that someone will
________.
D
A.be in the author's shoes
B.come to the author's assistance
C.return to his own country
D.take the author's place
Task 3: Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
Almost three months ago, I arrived in Liberia with MSF. Before
arrival, I saw many tragic scenes on the news and I was
determined 1.___________(offer) my help to the best of my ability
as a result of my duty as a doctor 2.__________ the dangers.
My mission was to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in
infectious diseases. She spent an hour with me in the staff room
3.__________(talk) me through the daily work and introduced some
colleagues to me, 4._______ are Wilton, Maisy and Alfonso.
to offer
despite
talking
who
Finally, I found I was the only Chinese doctor among people of all
ages, colours and beliefs. I felt a growing sense of 5.________(proud)
and made up my mind to work hard for this noble cause. In the
few weeks since then, we 6._________________(work) together to
save people and never left a patient behind in spite of the high
death rate and our efforts paid off.
Just after my arrival, I remembered, a family of six 7._______(be)
all infected and the twin girls and their parents soon died. Even
though there was little hope for the brothers, we still did our best
to save them. When we visited the ward the next morning, to our
pride
have worked
were
surprise, both boys were still alive against all odds. Little by little,
they have since made 8.___ full recovery, which gave us great relief.
Now I'm leaving and someone else will arrive to step into my
shoes. However, the tireless work the MSF members do will go on.
After all, in a world facing so many problems, it is 9.______________
(absolute) essential for us all to work together to create a 10._________(globe) community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.
a
absolutely
global
1.assist v. 帮助,协助,援助;促进
(教材P50) It assists people based on need, regardless of which
country they are from. 它根据需要帮助人们,不管他们来自哪个国家。
(1)assist sb with/in sth 帮助/协助某人做某事
assist sb to do/ in doing sth 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n. 援助,帮助;辅助
come to one's assistance 援助某人
(3)assistant n. 助理;助手
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①During the course of research, I hold it is my responsibility to
assist my tutor _____________ (collect) data and make analysis.
②The shop ____________ (assist) was dismissed as she was charged
with cheating customers.
to collect
assistant
(2)完成句子
①To preserve a friend, three things are required: to honour him
present, praise him absent, and _______________________ his
necessities.
维持友谊需要三点:当面尊重他,背后赞扬他,当他需要时帮助他。
assist him in/with
②Whenever he is in trouble, his best friend always
______________________________.
每当他遇到困难时,他最好的朋友总是来帮助他。
comes to his assistance
2.relieve v.给(某人)换班,接替;解除;减轻(问题的严重性),缓和(不快或痛苦);调
剂,使有趣
(教材P50)My mission was to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in
infectious diseases at the end of her posting. 我的任务是在埃玛,一位
加拿大传染病专家,任期结束的时候接她的班。
(1)relieve sb of… 减轻某人的……;开除某人
(2)relief n. 减轻,缓解;宽慰,轻松；救济品
to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是
in relief 如释重负;松了口气
(3)relieved adj. 感到宽慰的,放心的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2020·天津卷] I'm ___________ (relieve)to know that “cool” has a
much broader definition than what I used to think.
②Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of _______(relieve)
when the season comes to a close.
relieved
relief
(2)完成句子
①Not only can these activities ____________________________________
__________________,but also they can broaden my horizons.
这些活动不仅可以缓解我的压力，还可以开阔我的视野。(话题写作之活动
介绍)
relieve my stress/relieve me of my pressure
②Seeing her son return home safely, she smiled ___________.
看到她儿子平安回家,她如释重负地笑了。(读后续写之动作描写)
in relief
3.infectious adj.传染性的;有感染力的
(教材P50)My mission was to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in
infectious diseases at the end of her posting.
我的任务是在埃玛,一位加拿大传染病专家,任期结束的时候接她的班。
(1)infect v. 传染;使感染
be infected with 被传染上……;被……感染
(2)infection n. 传染,感染;传染病
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
We will do all that we can to minimize the risk of ____________
(infect).
infection
(2)完成句子
①Laughter is one of _______________________________________of
emotion. 笑是最具感染力的情感表达方式之一。
the most infectious expressions
②If you are bitten by a dog, you may _____________________ a
terrible disease—rabies.
如果你被一只狗咬了,你可能会感染上一种可怕的疾病——狂犬病。
be infected with
1.(教材P50) It's exactly one month since the last reported case.
距离上次报告的病例已经整整一个月了。
句型公式
“It be+一段时间+since…”句型
【句式点拨】
“It be+一段时间+since…”句型,意为“自从……已有多长时间了。”本句中
since后为名词词组,意为“自从上次报告的病例之后”。
【相关拓展】
since后还可接从句。主句谓语为is或has been,since从句用一般过去时;主句
谓语为was,since从句用过去完成时。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①_________________________________ since Lei Feng passed away, but
he still lives on in our hearts.
雷锋已经去世很多年了,但他仍然活在我们心中。
It is/has been many years
②He said it was ten years _____________________________________
this school.
他说他从这所学校毕业已经十年了。
since he had graduated from
③It is ten years ___________________________________.
自从他离开他的家乡已经有十年了。
since he left his hometown
2.(教材P52) It is not the first time the author has worked with
MSF. 这不是作者第一次与无国界医生组织合作。
句型公式
“It be the first/second…time+(that)…”句型
【句式点拨】
(1)“It be the first/second…time+(that)…”句型,意为“这/那是第……次
做某事”,主语可根据语境使用it, this或that;
(2)主句谓语为is时,that从句用现在完成时;主句谓语为was时,that从句用过去
完成时。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①To tell the truth, ____________________________ that we have had
such a scary experience.
说实话,这是我们第一次有这么可怕的经历。
it/this is the first time
②This is the second time that _____________________________________
_____________________.
这是我们第二次参观这个著名的国家博物馆。
we have visited this famous national museum
练 习 册
Ⅰ单词拼写
1.According to some official ____________ (统计数据), 500 people
died in the terrible earthquake.
statistics
2.Actually, this fence marks the _____________ (边界) between my
garden and Mrs Wang's.
boundary
1
2
3
4
5
3.In the early 19th century, when an ____________(爆发) of cholera
hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease.
outbreak
4.It will be considered a m__________ if someone is saved after
being trapped for 72 hours.
iracle
5.To be honest, I just can't think of a better way to t________ this
tiresome problem.
ackle
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅱ单句填空
1.The company provides varied advice and _____________ (assist) for
the graduated searching for jobs.
assistance
2.Setting a clear objective at the beginning of the new semester is
________ (vital) important to your study.
vitally
3.As an educator, he showed selfless ____________ (devote) to his
occupation.
devotion
4.Frankly speaking, these viruses affect children and are highly
_____________ (infect).
infectious
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5.To my mother's _______ (relieve), I have chosen a rewarding
occupation path that provides a promising wage.
relief
6.The doctor has made an initial diagnosis, but there'll be an
additional examination by a ____________ (special).
specialist
7.When I reported it to the staff on duty, they totally ignored my
demand for ___________________________________ (compensate) for
damage.
compensation/compensating
8.What I have to emphasise is that you should ___________ (infect)
the operating room every day.
disinfect
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅲ短语填空
1.Some men do manage to achieve business success
_____________________ (尽管困难重重).
against all odds
2.It is his nature to_________________ (冒险) and he never holds
back in the face of danger.
take chances
3.The manager made an initiative that employees should
___________________ (参与) the management of the company.
be involved in
1
2
3
4
5
4.I originally had intended to _______________ (对……不抱希望)
getting into a key university, but the consequence was beyond my
expectations.
give up on
5.A heated discussion____________ (以……结束) fierce disagreement
when someone voiced a completely different idea.
ended in
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅳ句型训练
1.It is the first time ________________________with real passion.
这是我第一次满怀热情地写作。
that I have written
2.________________________ he won the match at last after a series
of failures.
他在一连串的失败后最终赢得比赛,真是松了一口气。
It was a relief that
1
2
3
4
3.It is seven years _________________________________________.
他接管公司以来已经有七年了。
since he took over the company
4.We ___________________________ that after the treatment of the
expert, the twins made a miraculous recovery. 我们惊讶地发现，经过
专家的治疗之后，这对双胞胎竟奇迹般痊愈了。
were amazed to find
1
2
3
4
Ⅴ阅读理解
[2024·辽宁大连高二期末]
Biomedical breakthroughs sometimes happen in the most
unlikely places. Take the deep sea for an illustration. Under extreme
conditions, at times of no oxygen, microbes (微生物) not only
survive there, but they thrive. This incredible adaptation offers
insight into how life evolved billions of years ago and how modern
humans may be able to fight infections and diseases—tests used
1
2
3
4
to diagnose (诊断) some viruses were developed with the help of
an enzyme (酶) separated from microbes found in the ocean.
“We've found marine microbes that produce antimicrobials—
basically chemical weapons that help them fight off other
organisms and resist viruses,” says Virginia Edgcomb, a
microbiologist investigating deep-sea bacteria. These microbes feed
on tough substances and produce antimicrobial chemicals.
The deep sea has already given us chemicals to treat certain
cancer or nerve damage. Breakthroughs have also come from the
ocean depths in the form of diagnostic tools.
1
2
3
4
The pathway to developing tests started back in 1969 when
some heat-loving microbes were found in the depth of 5,000
metres beneath the sea. By the mid-1980s, the humble microbes
had enabled a major advance in the emerging field of genetics.
Scientists found that their enzymes remained stable enough to
make millions of copies of a single DNA sequence (序列) in just a
few hours, essentially upgrading geneticists' tools.
“A lot of people think of the deep sea as a desert,” Virginia
says. “To our naked eye, it looks like there's nothing there but
1
2
3
4
there's huge potential. What I can do as a science researcher is
record the remarkable diversity of microbes and make their gene
sequence available, which may help lead to treatment or diagnostic
tools in the future.”
“We need to have people constantly exploring the fascinating
habitats in order to continue uncovering a new page of medically-
relevant enzymes,” Virginia says. “This is tough, but I do hope
people realize that the more we can learn about microbes, the
better off we are.”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生物医学突破如何从深海微
生物中获得启示，以及这些微生物如何为人类提供新的治疗和诊断工具。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.What does Paragraph 1 aim to tell us
C
A.The need to deal with infections and diseases.
B.Incredible conditions for microbes to survive.
C.Biomedical inspirations from undersea microbes.
D.Significant breakthroughs of human development.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Biomedical breakthroughs
sometimes happen in the most unlikely places. Take the deep sea
for an illustration. Under extreme conditions, at times of no oxygen,
microbes (微生物) not only survive there, but they thrive.
1
2
3
4
This incredible adaptation offers insight into how life evolved
billions of years ago and how modern humans may be able to
fight infections and diseases—tests used to diagnose (诊断) some
viruses were developed with the help of an enzyme (酶)separated
from microbes found in the ocean.”(生物医学的突破有时发生在最不可
能的地方。以深海为例。在极端条件下，在没有氧气的时候，微生物不仅能在
那里生存，而且还能茁壮成长。这种令人难以置信的适应能力让我们了解了数
十亿年前生命是如何进化的，以及现代人类是如何能够对抗感染和疾病的——
用于诊断一些病毒的测试是在从海洋中发现的微生物中分离出来的一种酶的帮
助下发展起来的。)可推知，第一段主要告诉我们有时候可以从海洋微生物身
上取得生物医学突破。故选C。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.What can be inferred about marine microbes from
the text
A
A.They develop adaptability even in tough conditions.
B.They merely enhance our understanding of diseases.
C.They lead to progress in tools to test stable enzymes.
D.They present us with treatment for common cancers.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Take the deep sea for an
illustration. Under extreme conditions, at times of no oxygen,
microbes (微生物) not only survive there, but they thrive. This
incredible adaptation offers insight into how life evolved billions of
years ago…”可知，海洋微生物即便在极端条件下，也能生存甚至茁壮成长，
其拥有极强的适应能力。故选A。
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What do Virginia Edgcomb's words in the last two
paragraphs suggest
A
A.More awareness of microbes will benefit humans.
B.The deep-sea microbes may help us with desert issues.
C.Researchers' future task is to record medical treatment.
D.We should explore more habitats to free us from microbes.
1
2
3
4
[解析] 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Virginia Edgcomb所说的“To our
naked eye, it looks like there's nothing there but there's huge
potential.”(在我们的肉眼看来，那里什么都没有，但却有巨大的潜力。)以及
最后一段“This is tough, but I do hope people realize that the
more we can learn about microbes, the better off we are.”
(这很难，但我确实希望人们意识到，我们对微生物了解得越多，我们的生活
就越好。)可知，Virginia Edgcomb认为对微生物了解得越多，我们的生活就
越好。故选A。
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.What is a suitable title for the text
B
A.Chemical weapons against viruses
B.Finding answers in the deep ocean
C.A look back at research in microbes
D.Future ways to upgrade human DNA
1
2
3
4
[解析] 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Biomedical breakthroughs
sometimes happen in the most unlikely places.”和第三段“The deep
sea has already given us chemicals to treat certain cancer or nerve
damage. Breakthroughs have also come from the ocean depths in
the form of diagnostic tools.”(深海已经为我们提供了治疗某种癌症或神
经损伤的化学物质。突破也以诊断工具的形式来自海洋深处。)以及全文内容
可知，文章主要讲述了科学家们在深海中发现微生物，并利用这些微生物产生
的化学物质对抗病毒和其他疾病，以及这些微生物在医学领域中的应用前景。
由此可知，最适合的标题是“Finding answers in the deep ocean”
(在深海中寻找答案)。故选B。
1
2
3
4
Ⅵ阅读七选五
[2024·湖南常德第一中学高二期末]
Europe and other Western nations have controlled car industry
for over a century. But a newcomer will soon be running after
them at their heels. 1.____ It is more than ten years since they did
better than America to become the most productive car-makers in
the world. China is producing the best cars in the world, and on
the way to controlling car production. 2.___
D
A
1
2
3
4
5
China has gradually built its car-making capabilities during
different periods. 3.____ And then its state-owned companies
reached arrangements with Western makers like General Motors in
the 1980s. This produced cars that were far better designed, and
soon China's roads were becoming busy with Western clones.
4.___ It still pays relatively low wages and has millions of
skilled workers. Skilled workers are important to reduce the costs
because they make vehicles that need fewer rebuilds. Some
Chinese vehicles in the past ten years haven't had the design
expected by Western buyers, so haven't sold enough cars in
G
F
1
2
3
4
5
Europe to worry the Western makers. 5.___ Chinese-designed and
built vehicles are not far behind in their design, and starting to
enter European markets. Xpeng is one Chinese start-up that only
produces electric vehicles. Having sold well in China, it is making
its first moves into Europe via Norway with its G3 model. The next
revolution in car industry is replacing petrol vehicles with electric
ones. With all of China's advantages, it could finally become the
home of the best cars in the world.
B
1
2
3
4
5
A.How did this happen
B.Yet this is changing rapidly.
C.These cars sold well at home and abroad.
D.The Chinese are not exactly newcomers.
E.China also has excellent shipping links, like Shanghai.
F.China is also in a good position to build cars for the right price.
G.It originally began making Soviet-designed vehicles in the 1950s.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国汽车制造业的巨大发展及
其优势。
1
2
3
4
5
1.____
D
[解析] 上文“But a newcomer will soon be running after them at
their heels.”说明汽车行业将迎来后起之秀；下文“It is more than ten
years since they did better than America to become the most
productive car-makers in the world.”说明新加入的汽车制造商潜力巨大，
D项(中国人并不是真正的新来者。)中newcomers照应上文的newcomer，并
引出下文具体解释，因为中国的汽车制造商十多年来一直比美国做得好，所以
并非真正的新来者，衔接恰当。故选D项。
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
A
[解析] 上文“China is producing the best cars in the world, and on
the way to controlling car production.”说明了中国汽车制造业的发展，
并结合下文对中国汽车制造业的优势分析可知，A项(这是怎么发生的 )承上启
下，引出下文对中国汽车制造业发展原因的分析，衔接恰当。故选A项。
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3.____
G
[解析] 上文“China has gradually built its car-making capabilities
during different periods.”说明中国汽车制造业是逐步发展壮大的，G项
“It originally began making Soviet-designed vehicles in the 1950s.”
追溯中国汽车制造的历史，与下文第二个发展阶段“And then its state-
owned companies reached arrangements with Western makers like
General Motors in the 1980s.”衔接恰当。故选G项。
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4.___
F
[解析] 下文“It still pays relatively low wages and has millions of
skilled workers. Skilled workers are important to reduce the costs
because they make vehicles that need fewer rebuilds.”说明中国的人
口优势有利于降低生产成本，F项(中国在以合适的价格生产汽车方面也处于有
利地位。)衔接后文恰当。故选F项。
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5.___
B
[解析] 上文“Some Chinese vehicles in the past ten years haven't
had the design expected by Western buyers, so haven't sold
enough cars in Europe to worry the Western makers.”说明了过去中
国汽车在欧洲遭遇的困境;下文“Chinese-designed and built vehicles are
not far behind in their design, and starting to enter European
markets.”说明中国汽车在欧洲遭遇的困境即将迎来转机，B项(然而，这种情
况正在迅速改变。)承上启下，与上文构成转折关系，并引出下文具体的改变，
衔接恰当。故选B项。
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Ⅶ语法填空
[2024·福建福州金山中学高二期末]
The number of international students 1.____ search of higher
education in China has been increasing in the past ten years. For
many foreign students, they think highly of Wuhan University in
Hubei Province because of 2.____ (it) learning and social
environment.
Goh Qian Xuan from Singapore 3._________________ (select) to
be the president of the Wuhan University Singaporean Students
in
its
was selected
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Association and the Chinese Language and Literature Student
Union during her four years of studying in Wuhan, 4.________ gave
her the chance to work 5.__________ (close) with students from
other countries. “I didn't come to Wuhan just 6._________ (get)
good grades,” Goh says. “Being part of the local student
communities and seeing 7._______ things are done have really
helped me to better understand Chinese people and China.”
The university also offers various activities to them. Goh says
she felt 8.______ (little) like a foreign student only after a year in
which
closely
to get
how
less
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3
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7
8
9
10
the Student Union. “The environment is truly good for Chinese
studies,” she says. “The four 9.____________ (amaze) years I spent
in Wuhan have helped to build a strong foundation for my life
and career. This experience has proved many of my former ideas
wrong as I now understand the main reasons behind the Chinese
ways to deal with certain 10.___________ (matter).”
【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。在过去的十年里，在中国寻求高等教育的国
际学生的数量一直在增长。对于许多外国学生来说，他们对湖北武汉大学的学
习和社交环境评价很高。文章以来自新加坡的Goh Qian Xuan为例，说明了
她在武汉求学的情况。
amazing
matters
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10
1.____
in
[解析] 考查介词。固定短语in search of “寻找”，故填in。
2.____
its
[解析] 考查代词。后文environment为名词，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，
故填its。
3._________________
was selected
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关
系，且根据后文gave her the chance to work可知为一般过去时，主语为
Goh Qian Xuan，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填was selected。
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4.________
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。本句为非限制性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，且从
句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which。故填which。
5.__________
closely
[解析] 考查副词。修饰动词work应用副词，且表示“亲密地”应用副词
closely，故填closely。
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3
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6._________
to get
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知get在句中用非谓语动词形式，且
表目的应用不定式。故填to get。
7._______
how
[解析] 考查连接词。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，
故填how。
8.______
less
[解析] 考查副词比较级。less like“不太像”，故填less。
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2
3
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10
9.____________
amazing
[解析] 考查形容词。修饰名词years应用形容词，故填amazing。
10.___________
matters
[解析] 考查名词复数。matter为可数名词，表示“事情”，由certain修饰应
用复数形式。故填matters。
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