Period Three Developing ideas
【课前自主探究】
Task 1: Fast Reading
1.were killed or wounded 2.to look to the future 3.could endure 4.struggles 5.a new birth
Task 2: Careful Reading
1—4 AADC
Task 3: Micro-writing
1.mounted 2.where 3.was delivered 4.height
5.including 6.what 7.minds 8.bitterly 9.themselves
10.but
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.(1)divided (2)①is divided roughly into ②divisions between developed and developing countries
2.①will bring about/forth ②bring in ③brought out
④bring back ⑤brought down ⑥bring up
3.(1)①dedicated ②dedication (2)has dedicated herself to/has been dedicated to protecting
4.(1)①being influenced ②influential (2)Under the influence of my physics teacher; has a great influence on/upon me
句型透视
(1)①What ②what (2)①What we can learn from the ant
②after what seemed like daysPeriod Three Developing ideas
Ⅰ.1.tragic 2.cast 3.altogether 4.mankind 5.liberty
Ⅱ.1.minority 2.mounted 3.joint 4.dedication
5.division 6.harmonious 7.rewarding 8.nobly
Ⅲ.1.at a great cost 2.in vain 3.were divided into 4.In memory/honour of 5.be engaged in 6.bring forth
Ⅳ.1.what some people had thought 2.Lost/Absorbed in deep thought 3.who was my former teacher 4.The idea that
5.It is up to the monitor to manage the affairs
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲的是2023年9月下旬,美国宇航局的OSIRIS-REx任务将从一颗遥远的小行星收集的岩石和尘埃带回到地球。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“The sample, from the asteroid named Bennu, is the first of its kind brought to the United States.”(该样本来自名为Bennu的小行星,是第一个被带到美国的此类样本。)和第二段“Examining this ancient matter could hold clues about how organic materials first arrived on Earth, so NASA launched the OSIRIS-REx mission in 2016 to collect samples from Bennu’s surface.”(研究这种古老的物质可以提供有机物质如何首次到达地球的线索,因此美国宇航局于2016年启动了OSIRIS-REx任务,从Bennu表面收集样本。)可知,OSIRIS-REx的任务是从小行星上采集样本。故选B。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段“Recently, an initial examination of the sample revealed evidence of a high carbon content and water on Bennu.”(最近,对样本的初步检查表明,Bennu上存在高含量的碳和水。)可知,Bennu上有碳和水。故选A。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段“When the team was unpacking their sample, they found that ‘bonus’ material from the asteroid covered the collector. The presence (存在) of this extra matter delayed NASA’s processing of the sample.”(当团队打开样本时,他们发现来自小行星的“额外”物质覆盖了收集器。这种额外物质的存在推迟了NASA对样品的处理。)可知,研究过程被推迟了是因为收集器被额外物质覆盖着。故选C。
4.A 段落大意题。根据最后一段“NASA administrator Bill Nelson believes that studying Bennu samples will advance our understanding of the solar system for generations. It promises to shed light on (揭示) what makes our planet unique. By studying this 4.5-billion-year-old sample and sharing it with the public, NASA aims to inspire future scientists and encourage them to explore new fields.”(美国宇航局局长Bill Nelson认为,研究Bennu的样本将在未来几代人里推进我们对太阳系的了解。它有望揭示是什么让我们的星球与众不同。通过研究这个45亿年前的样本并与公众分享,美国宇航局旨在激励未来的科学家,鼓励他们探索新的领域。)可知,最后一段主要讲的是Bennu样本研究的意义。故选A。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲述了中国6岁女孩曹岂娴以5.97秒的成绩打破了3×3×3魔方的女子世界纪录。
1.B 根据句中的“…the Chinese girl started…a Rubik’s cube only at 3.”可知,她受到表姐的启发开始玩魔方。故选B。invite邀请;inspire激励,鼓舞,启发;praise表扬; fascinate迷住。
2.A 根据句中的a cousin, a Rubik’s cube player可知,此处指她开始玩魔方。故选A。play with玩;make up编造,构成;participate in参加;research on研究,调查。
3.D 根据句中的the art of “speed-cubing”可知,速解魔方的艺术是以最快的速度拼好魔方。故选D。easily容易地;urgently 紧急地; accurately精确地; quickly迅速地。
4.C 根据句中的“…her cousin couldn’t teach her anymore…”可知,她变得非常擅长解魔方,所以表姐教不了她了。故选C。be crazy about对……疯狂; be tired of厌烦;be expert in擅长; be addicted to对……入迷,对……上瘾。
5.D 根据下文中的under the professional guidance可知,父母为她请了一位教练,给予她专业指导。故选D。journalist 记者;machine机器;toy玩具;coach教练。
6.C 根据下文中的“She practised a lot…”可知,她保持每天练习两到三个小时。故选C。sit坐;think思考;practise练习;sleep睡觉。
7.A 根据句中的“…there was a point where she hit a wall…”可知,她遇到了瓶颈,需要所有家人的帮助才能克服。故选A。overcome克服,战胜;push推动,推进;remove移开,去除;break打破。
8.D 根据句中的“…at 12 seconds when she tried to speed to 10 seconds…”可知,她的魔方成绩卡在了12秒。故选D。level使平坦;limited有限的;leave离开(某人或某处);stuck卡住的。
9.B 根据“She was…at 12 seconds when she tried to speed to 10 seconds for three months…”可知,这里是她的妈妈回忆的事情。故选B。report汇报;recall回忆起; complain抱怨;tackle 处理。
10.A 根据but前的practised a lot可知,这里与前面形成转折,她练习很多但没有任何进步。故选A。progress进步,进展;difference区别;money钱;promise承诺。
11.C 根据句中的even可知,全家人为了激励她都玩起了魔方,甚至参加成人比赛。故选C。party派对;activity活动;competition比赛;club俱乐部。
12.B 根据上文中的“…the Chinese girl started…a Rubik’s cube only at 3.”和“However, after about a year, the girl was so…it that her cousin couldn’t teach her anymore…”可知,曹岂娴3岁开始玩魔方,4岁时就非常擅长解魔方,由此可知,她是一个非常有天赋的魔方玩家。故选B。devoted忠诚的;gifted有天才的,有天赋的;stressed焦虑不安的;disheartened灰心的,丧气的。
13.B 根据句中的Cao’s average time of 5.97 seconds和空前的five可知,曹岂娴在5轮比赛中的平均成绩是5.97秒。故选B。turn转动,旋动;round轮次,局;period 一段时间;minute分钟。
14.D 根据第一段中的“6-year-old Cao Qixian set the new women’s world record for solving a 3×3×3 Rubik’s cube(魔方) in 5.97 seconds (average).”可知,她最近以平均5.97秒的成绩打破了3×3×3魔方的女子世界纪录,这是她的表现。故选D。idea想法;decision决定;failure失败;performance表演,表现。
15.A 根据空后的“…the women’s single-time record, which currently stands at 4.44 seconds.”可知,女子单次计时纪录是4.44秒,而她目前的成绩是平均5.97秒,所以她现在想要挑战这个纪录。故选A。challenge挑战;make制作;keep保持;renew重新开始。Period Three Developing ideas
Task 1: Fast Reading
Task 2: Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
( )1.What was Lincoln’s purpose in giving the speech
A.To inspire people and give them hope and belief.
B.To show his excellent speech art.
C.To run for the next president.
D.To show his kindness to the people.
( )2.What was the US like before slavery was abolished
A.It had been deep in a civil war between the South and the North.
B.It had been under British colonial rule.
C.The American people were united and fighting for independence.
D.It was involved in World War Ⅰ and made great sacrifices.
( )3.What can we know from “The Gettysburg Address”
A.Any nation conceived in liberty will long endure.
B.Only dead brave men can consecrate this land.
C.This speech will always be remembered by the world.
D.Lincon called on the living to continue the unfinished task.
( )4.What are the characteristics of Lincoln’s Gettysburg speech
A.Boring and tiresome.
B.Lengthy and interminable.
C.Short and concise.
D.Unreadable and obscure.
Task 3: Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man 1. (mount) a platform in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak. The place was the site of a recent battle 2. thousands of soldiers had died. This is the famous “The Gettysburg Address” and the man is Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America.
“The Gettysburg Address” was a short speech and 3. (deliver) in the 4. (high) of the American Civil War to commemorate the massive numbers of deaths and casualties at the bloody Battle of Gettysburg.
The president spoke for two minutes. His speech contained just 268 words, 5. (include)the sentence “The world will little note, nor long remember,6. we say here…” But this address to the crowd changed the 7. (mind) of his people and helped shape a nation.
At that time, America was 8. (bitter) divided. For two years, its people had been deep in a civil war between the slave-owning Confederate Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union.
“The Gettysburg Address” is considered a pivotal moment in the way Americans viewed 9. (they) and their government. His speech gave people hope, belief and a reason to look to the future. He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be. It was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, 10. the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
1.division n.分歧,分裂
(教材P58)Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
现在,责任落到了生者身上,不仅要消除南北方之间的分歧,还要打破黑人与白人之间的分界线,一步步朝着人类平等而努力。
(1) divide v. (使)分开,分散,分割
divide…(up/out)between/among…
在……之间分配……
divide…(up) into… 把……分成……
be divided into 被分成……;被划
分成……
(2)divided adj. 分裂的;有分歧的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
The park, (divide) into two sections along a stream, has several bridges built over the stream.
(2)完成句子
①England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it three zones.
在这四个国家中,英格兰是最大的。为了方便起见,它大致被划分为三个地区。
②There is no doubt that education is reducing .
毫无疑问,教育正在减少发达国家和发展中国家之间的分歧。
2.bring forth 使产生,使出现;提出(建议、证据等)
(教材P59)Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
八十七年前,我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新的国家,它孕育于自由之中,并致力于人人生而平等的主张。
bring about 导致,引起,带来
bring back 再次使用,恢复(某事物);使想起,使回忆起
bring down 降低;减少
bring in 引进;赚得,挣;请……做
bring up 提出(议题等);抚养;呕吐
bring out 出版;呈现
【活学活用】
用bring相关短语的适当形式填空
①We believe that technological revolution great changes in all aspects of our life in the future.
②The firm decided to a new management team to develop the project.
③He has two new books at the same time.
④Every time I see these pictures, they will some great memories of my childhood.
⑤He put forward a practical plan in the meeting, which greatly the cost of production.
⑥It was amazing that my mother was able to three children on less than three pounds a week.
3.dedicate v.致力于,献身于
(教材P59) Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. 八十七年前,我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新的国家,它孕育于自由之中,并致力于人人生而平等的主张。
(1)dedicate oneself/one’s life to (doing) sth
致力于(做)某事,献身于(做)某事
(2)dedicated adj. 专注的,献身的
be dedicated to (doing) sth = be devoted to (doing) sth=be committed to (doing) sth
致力于(做)某事,献身于(做)某事
(3)dedication n. 奉献,献身,献词
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Her great-grandfather had clearly been a
(dedicate) and determined traveller.
②The teacher’s (dedicate) to teaching gained the respect of all his students.
(2)完成句子
Fan Jinshi,the former director of Dunhuang Academy, the Dunhuang Caves for more than 50 years. (dedicate)
50多年来,前敦煌研究院院长樊锦诗一直致力于保护敦煌石窟。(话题写作之文化遗产保护)
4.influential adj.有很大影响的,有支配力的
(教材P62) Edgar Snow was an American journalist who wrote influential books and articles about China in the 1930s. 埃德加·斯诺是一名美国记者, 他写了一些有关中国20世纪30年代的有影响力的书籍和文章。
influence n. 影响,作用;支配力,控制力,影响力
v. 影响,对……起作用
have an influence on/upon…=have an effect on/upon=have an impact on/upon
对……产生影响
under the influence of… 在……的影响之下
be influenced by… 受……的影响
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①So powerful are advertisements that no one can avoid (influence) by them in modern society.
②Lifestyle has become an (influence) factor in determining an individual’s health.
(2)完成句子
, I have grown increasingly interested in physics. In other words, my physics teacher is my role model, who .
在我的物理老师的影响下,我对物理越来越感兴趣。换句话说,我的物理老师是我的榜样,他对我有很大的影响。(话题写作之记人叙事)
(教材P60) The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here. 世人既不会注意到也不会长久地记住我们在这里说了什么,但是永远也不会忘记他们在这里做过什么。
what引导的名词性从句
句型公式
【相关拓展】
what 常用来引导名词性从句,即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点:
(1)what在相应的名词性从句中有一定的意义,常表示“什么”、“所……的”、“……的样子”、“……的事/话”等;
(2)what在相应的名词性从句中常作主语、宾语或表语。
[温馨提示] that也可以引导名词性从句,但that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用,无实际意义,在从句中不作任何句子成分。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
① surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
②After months of voyage, Columbus arrived in later proved to be a new continent.
(2)完成句子
① is that never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can.
我们可以从蚂蚁身上学到的是,永远不要放弃,向前看,保持积极,尽你所能。(读后续写之升华主旨句)
②She waited anxiously for her turn. Finally, , the hostess announced “Lily”.
她焦急地等待轮到她。最后,在好像过了好几天后,女主持人宣布了“莉莉”的名字。(读后续写之场景
描写)Period Three Developing ideas
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.It is all very (悲惨的) and I am afraid I just cannot bring myself to talk about it at the moment.
2.The two men jumped the queue when they bought something, so I (投以)an angry glance at them.
3.The train went slower and slower until it stopped (完全).
4.Scientific discoveries made by (人类)pave the way for technological advancements that shape our future.
5.Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of (自由)for millions of people.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.We need to support and assist the ethnic (minor) regions to speed up their development.
2.He (mount) the platform and addressed the crowd with a sense of pride.
3.It’s a miracle that only several people disagree on the (join) collaborating.
4.I want to thank you for your (dedicate) and hard work for our government.
5.The (divide) of Europe is the consequence of its complicated history.
6.I’m firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and (harmony) society.
7.I highly expect the experience to be (reward), perfectly mixing learning with fun.
8.The educator (noble) devoted her time and energy to equipping students with knowledge and skills that would lead to their future success.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.The battle was won (付出巨大代价) of declines in many economic indications.
2.I read his article again and again, trying hard to understand what he said but (徒劳无益).
3.We (被分成) three groups and then set out to do our own tasks yesterday.
4. (为了纪念……)the comrades who sacrificed themselves in the civil war, the government held a grand ceremony in the square.
5.A total of more than ten thousand people used to (从事, 参与) such businesses in our city.
6.He is not likely to (带来, 产生) any new suggestions for improving our work.
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1.Contrary to , the assistance came without attached conditions. 与一些人原先以为的相反,援助是没有附加条件的。
2. , he didn’t sense us approaching.(非谓语动词作状语)
因为陷入了沉思, 他没感觉到我们在靠近。
3.Mrs Li, , recently moved to a new country and has been experiencing culture shock. (定语从句)
我曾经的老师李老师最近搬到了一个新的国家,一直在经历文化冲击。
4. you can do this work without thinking is wrong. (同位语从句)
你可以不思考就做此工作的想法是错误的。
5. of our class when the teacher goes out to attend meetings. (形式主语)
当老师出去开会的时候,管理我们班级的事务就成了班长的职责。
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·湖南常德第一中学高二期末]
In late September, 2023, NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission (任务) delivered bits of rock and dust collected from a distant asteroid (小行星) to Earth. The sample, from the asteroid named Bennu, is the first of its kind brought to the United States. Now, the public can see the asteroid’s rocky debris (碎片) on display at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History a few days ago.
Scientists think the 4.5-billion-year-old asteroid is composed of some of the solar system’s oldest materials, formed in dying stars before the planets existed. Examining this ancient matter could hold clues about how organic materials first arrived on Earth, so NASA launched the OSIRIS-REx mission in 2016 to collect samples from Bennu’s surface. The spacecraft arrived at the asteroid in 2018, surveyed the rock for an ideal collection site and ultimately took a sample back to Earth in 2020. Recently, an initial examination of the sample revealed evidence of a high carbon content and water on Bennu.
When the team was unpacking their sample, they found that “bonus” material from the asteroid covered the collector. The presence (存在) of this extra matter delayed NASA’s processing of the sample. “The very best ‘problem’ to have is that there is so much material that it’s taking longer than we expected to collect it,” said Christopher Snead, the OSIRIS-REx deputy sample curator. Next, more of the material from Bennu will go on display at the museum. In the next two years, scientists will continue analysing the sample and will save at least 70 percent of the Bennu rocks for further research.
NASA administrator Bill Nelson believes that studying Bennu samples will advance our understanding of the solar system for generations. It promises to shed light on (揭示) what makes our planet unique. By studying this 4.5-billion-year-old sample and sharing it with the public, NASA aims to inspire future scientists and encourage them to explore new fields.
( )1.What is the mission of OSIRIS-REx
A.To search for alien life on Bennu.
B.To collect a sample from an asteroid.
C.To explore the origin of the solar system.
D.To study the impact of space debris on Earth.
( )2.What can we know from Paragraph 2
A.There is carbon and water on Bennu.
B.Bennu is the oldest star in the solar system.
C.Bennu played a key role in the evolution of life on Earth.
D.It took two years for scientists to locate an ideal collection site.
( )3.Why was the study process delayed
A.The sample was difficult to collect.
B.The spacecraft had technical problems.
C.The collector was covered by additional material.
D.The examination of the material took lots of time.
( )4.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The significance of studying the Bennu sample.
B.The purpose of displaying samples at the museum.
C.NASA’s further plans for the research on Bennu rocks.
D.NASA’s efforts to inspire scientists to explore new fields.
●Ⅵ 完形填空
[2024·四川达州高二期末]
6-year-old Cao Qixian set the new women’s world record for solving a 3×3×3 Rubik’s cube (魔方) in 5.97 seconds (average). 1 by a cousin, a Rubik’s cube player, the Chinese girl started 2 a Rubik’s cube only at 3. Her cousin taught her the art of “speed-cubing”, solving the world-famous puzzle as 3 as possible. However, after about a year, the girl was so 4 it that her cousin couldn’t teach her anymore and her parents got her a speed-cubing 5 . Under the professional guidance she kept 6 for two to three hours every day, and her time was getting better and better. However, there was a point where she hit a wall and needed all of her family’s help to 7 it.
“She was 8 at 12 seconds when she tried to speed to 10 seconds for three months,” Qixian’s mother 9 . “She practised a lot but made no 10 and almost gave up.”
To motivate her, the entire family took up the game and even participated in adult 11 . However, no one dared to dream that the 12 speed-cuber could set a new world record at the tender age of six.
Cao’s average time of 5.97 seconds after five 13 of speed-cubing won her the title of world record holder. Encouraged by her recent 14 , Qixian has no plans of slowing down and is now 15 the women’s single-time record, which currently stands at 4.44 seconds.
( )1.A.Invited B.Inspired
C.Praised D.Fascinated
( )2.A.playing with B.making up
C.participating in D.researching on
( )3.A.easily B.urgently
C.accurately D.quickly
( )4.A.crazy about B.tired of
C.expert in D.addicted to
( )5.A.journalist B.machine
C.toy D.coach
( )6.A.sitting B.thinking
C.practising D.sleeping
( )7.A.overcome B.push
C.remove D.break
( )8.A.leveled B.limited
C.left D.stuck
( )9.A.reported B.recalled
C.complained D.tackled
( )10.A.progress B.difference
C.money D.promise
( )11.A.parties B.activities
C.competitions D.clubs
( )12.A.devoted B.gifted
C.stressed D.disheartened
( )13.A.turns B.rounds
C.periods D.minutes
( )14.A.idea B.decision
C.failure D.performance
( )15.A.challenging B.making
C.keeping D.renewing(共60张PPT)
Period Three
Developing ideas
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
练习册
Task 1: Fast Reading
were killed or wounded
to look to the future
could endure
struggles
a new birth
Task 2: Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the
text.
( ) 1.What was Lincoln's purpose in giving the speech
A
A.To inspire people and give them hope and belief.
B.To show his excellent speech art.
C.To run for the next president.
D.To show his kindness to the people.
( ) 2.What was the US like before slavery was abolished
A
A.It had been deep in a civil war between the South and the
North.
B.It had been under British colonial rule.
C.The American people were united and fighting for independence.
D.It was involved in World War Ⅰ and made great sacrifices.
( ) 3.What can we know from “The Gettysburg Address”
D
A.Any nation conceived in liberty will long endure.
B.Only dead brave men can consecrate this land.
C.This speech will always be remembered by the world.
D.Lincon called on the living to continue the unfinished task.
( ) 4.What are the characteristics of Lincoln's Gettysburg
speech
C
A.Boring and tiresome. B.Lengthy and interminable.
C.Short and concise. D.Unreadable and obscure.
Task 3: Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man
1.____________(mount) a platform in a field in Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania and began to speak. The place was the site of a
recent battle 2._________ thousands of soldiers had died. This is the
famous “The Gettysburg Address” and the man is Abraham
Lincoln, President of the United States of America.
mounted
where
“The Gettysburg Address” was a short speech and
3.__________________(deliver) in the 4._________(high) of the
American Civil War to commemorate the massive numbers of
deaths and casualties at the bloody Battle of Gettysburg.
The president spoke for two minutes. His speech contained just
268 words, 5.____________(include)the sentence “The world will
little note, nor long remember,6._______we say here…” But this
address to the crowd changed the 7._________(mind) of his people
and helped shape a nation.
was delivered
height
including
what
minds
At that time, America was 8.__________(bitter) divided. For two
years, its people had been deep in a civil war between the slave-
owning Confederate Southern States and the “free” Northern
States of the Union.
bitterly
“The Gettysburg Address” is considered a pivotal moment in
the way Americans viewed 9._______________(they) and their
government. His speech gave people hope, belief and a reason to
look to the future. He gave them a new vision of what the United
States of America should be. It was up to the living to remove not
only the divisions between North and South, 10.______ the
boundaries between black and white, and work step by step
towards the equality of humankind.
themselves
but
1.division n.分歧,分裂
(教材P58)Now it was up to the living to remove not only the
divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between
black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of
humankind.
现在,责任落到了生者身上,不仅要消除南北方之间的分歧,还要打破黑人与白人
之间的分界线,一步步朝着人类平等而努力。
(1) divide v. (使)分开,分散,分割
divide…(up/out)between/among… 在……之间分配……
divide…(up) into… 把……分成……
be divided into 被分成……;被划分成……
(2)divided adj. 分裂的；有分歧的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
The park, __________(divide) into two sections along a stream, has
several bridges built over the stream.
divided
(2)完成句子
①England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience
it _____________________________ three zones.
在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为了方便起见，它大致被划分为三个地区。
is divided roughly into
②There is no doubt that education is reducing
___________________________________________________________________.
毫无疑问，教育正在减少发达国家和发展中国家之间的分歧。
divisions between developed and developing countries
2.bring forth 使产生,使出现;提出(建议、证据等)
(教材P59)Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth,
upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and
dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
八十七年前,我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新的国家,它孕育于自由之
中,并致力于人人生而平等的主张。
bring about 导致,引起,带来
bring back 再次使用,恢复(某事物);使想起,使回忆起
bring down 降低;减少
bring in 引进;赚得,挣;请……做
bring up 提出(议题等);抚养;呕吐
bring out 出版；呈现
【活学活用】
用bring相关短语的适当形式填空
①We believe that technological revolution _________________________
______________ great changes in all aspects of our life in the future.
②The firm decided to ___________a new management team to
develop the project.
③He has ________________ two new books at the same time.
will bring about/
forth
bring in
brought out
④Every time I see these pictures, they will ______________ some
great memories of my childhood.
⑤He put forward a practical plan in the meeting, which greatly
___________________ the cost of production.
⑥It was amazing that my mother was able to ____________ three
children on less than three pounds a week.
bring back
brought down
bring up
3.dedicate v.致力于,献身于
(教材P59) Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth,
upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and
dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
八十七年前,我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新的国家,它孕育于自由之
中,并致力于人人生而平等的主张。
(1)dedicate oneself/one's life to (doing) sth
致力于(做)某事,献身于(做)某事
(2)dedicated adj. 专注的,献身的
be dedicated to (doing) sth = be devoted to (doing) sth=be
committed to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事,献身于(做)某事
(3)dedication n. 奉献,献身,献词
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Her great-grandfather had clearly been a _____________
(dedicate) and determined traveller.
dedicated
②The teacher's ______________ (dedicate) to teaching gained the
respect of all his students.
dedication
(2)完成句子
Fan Jinshi,the former director of Dunhuang Academy,
____________________________________________________________________
____________ the Dunhuang Caves for more than 50 years. (dedicate)
50多年来,前敦煌研究院院长樊锦诗一直致力于保护敦煌石窟。(话题写作之文
化遗产保护)
has dedicated herself to/has been dedicated to protecting
4.influential adj.有很大影响的,有支配力的
(教材P62) Edgar Snow was an American journalist who wrote
influential books and articles about China in the 1930s. 埃德加·斯诺
是一名美国记者, 他写了一些有关中国20世纪30年代的有影响力的书籍和文章。
influence n. 影响,作用;支配力,控制力,影响力
v. 影响,对……起作用
have an influence on/upon…=have an effect on/upon=have an
impact on/upon 对……产生影响
under the influence of… 在……的影响之下
be influenced by… 受……的影响
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①So powerful are advertisements that no one can avoid
______________________ (influence) by them in modern society.
②Lifestyle has become an _____________ (influence) factor in
determining an individual's health.
being influenced
influential
(2)完成句子
_____________________________________________________, I have grown
increasingly interested in physics. In other words, my physics
teacher is my role model, who ____________________________________
_______________.
在我的物理老师的影响下,我对物理越来越感兴趣。换句话说,我的物理老师是
我的榜样,他对我有很大的影响。(话题写作之记人叙事)
Under the influence of my physics teacher
has a great influence on/upon me
(教材P60) The world will little note, nor long remember, what we
say here, but can never forget what they did here. 世人既不会注
意到也不会长久地记住我们在这里说了什么,但是永远也不会忘记他们在这里做
过什么。
句型公式
what引导的名词性从句
【相关拓展】
what 常用来引导名词性从句,即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点:
(1)what在相应的名词性从句中有一定的意义,常表示“什么”、“所……的”、
“……的样子”、“……的事/话”等；
(2)what在相应的名词性从句中常作主语、宾语或表语。
［温馨提示］ that也可以引导名词性从句,但that引导名词性从句时仅起连接
作用,无实际意义,在从句中不作任何句子成分。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①________ surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very
indifferent to her.
②After months of voyage, Columbus arrived in _______ later proved
to be a new continent.
What
what
(2)完成句子
①_________________________________________ is that never give up,
look ahead, stay positive and do all you can.
我们可以从蚂蚁身上学到的是，永远不要放弃，向前看，保持积极，尽你所能。
(读后续写之升华主旨句)
What we can learn from the ant
②She waited anxiously for her turn. Finally, _______________________
_____________, the hostess announced “Lily”.
她焦急地等待轮到她。最后，在好像过了好几天后，女主持人宣布了“莉莉”
的名字。(读后续写之场景描写)
after what seemed like days
练 习 册
Ⅰ单词拼写
1.It is all very ________(悲惨的) and I am afraid I just cannot bring
myself to talk about it at the moment.
tragic
2.The two men jumped the queue when they bought something,
so I ______ (投以)an angry glance at them.
cast
1
2
3
4
5
3.The train went slower and slower until it stopped
______________(完全).
altogether
4.Scientific discoveries made by ____________(人类)pave the way for
technological advancements that shape our future.
mankind
5.Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of
_________ (自由)for millions of people.
liberty
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅱ单句填空
1.We need to support and assist the ethnic ___________(minor)
regions to speed up their development.
minority
2.He ____________(mount) the platform and addressed the crowd
with a sense of pride.
mounted
3.It's a miracle that only several people disagree on the
_______(join) collaborating.
joint
4.I want to thank you for your ______________ (dedicate) and hard
work for our government.
dedication
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5.The___________ (divide) of Europe is the consequence of its
complicated history.
division
6.I'm firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will
contribute to building a warm and _______________ (harmony)
society.
harmonious
7.I highly expect the experience to be _____________(reward),
perfectly mixing learning with fun.
rewarding
8.The educator _________ (noble) devoted her time and energy to
equipping students with knowledge and skills that would lead to
their future success.
nobly
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅲ短语填空
1.The battle was won ____________________ (付出巨大代价) of
declines in many economic indications.
at a great cost
2.I read his article again and again, trying hard to understand what
he said but__________ (徒劳无益).
in vain
3.We _______________________ (被分成) three groups and then set
out to do our own tasks yesterday.
were divided into
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.____________________________ (为了纪念……)the comrades who
sacrificed themselves in the civil war, the government held a grand
ceremony in the square.
In memory/honour of
5.A total of more than ten thousand people used to
___________________ (从事, 参与) such businesses in our city.
be engaged in
6.He is not likely to _______________ (带来, 产生) any new
suggestions for improving our work.
bring forth
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ句型训练
1.Contrary to ________________________________________, the
assistance came without attached conditions. 与一些人原先以为的相反，
援助是没有附加条件的。
what some people had thought
2.________________________________________, he didn't sense us
approaching.(非谓语动词作状语)
因为陷入了沉思, 他没感觉到我们在靠近。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought
1
2
3
4
5
3.Mrs Li, ____________________________________, recently moved to a
new country and has been experiencing culture shock. (定语从句)
我曾经的老师李老师最近搬到了一个新的国家，一直在经历文化冲击。
who was my former teacher
4.__________________ you can do this work without thinking is
wrong. (同位语从句)
你可以不思考就做此工作的想法是错误的。
The idea that
5._________________________________________________________ of our
class when the teacher goes out to attend meetings. (形式主语)
当老师出去开会的时候,管理我们班级的事务就成了班长的职责。
It is up to the monitor to manage the affairs
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅴ阅读理解
[2024·湖南常德第一中学高二期末]
In late September, 2023, NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission (任务)
delivered bits of rock and dust collected from a distant asteroid
(小行星) to Earth. The sample, from the asteroid named Bennu, is
the first of its kind brought to the United States. Now, the public
can see the asteroid's rocky debris (碎片) on display at the
Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History a few days ago.
1
2
3
4
Scientists think the 4.5-billion-year-old asteroid is composed of
some of the solar system's oldest materials, formed in dying stars
before the planets existed. Examining this ancient matter could
hold clues about how organic materials first arrived on Earth, so
NASA launched the OSIRIS-REx mission in 2016 to collect samples
from Bennu's surface. The spacecraft arrived at the asteroid in 2018,
surveyed the rock for an ideal collection site and ultimately took a
sample back to Earth in 2020. Recently, an initial examination of
the sample revealed evidence of a high carbon content and water
on Bennu.
1
2
3
4
When the team was unpacking their sample, they found that
“bonus” material from the asteroid covered the collector. The
presence (存在) of this extra matter delayed NASA's processing of
the sample. “The very best ‘problem’ to have is that there is
so much material that it's taking longer than we expected to
collect it,” said Christopher Snead, the OSIRIS-REx deputy sample
curator. Next, more of the material from Bennu will go on display
at the museum. In the next two years, scientists will continue
analysing the sample and will save at least 70 percent of the
Bennu rocks for further research.
1
2
3
4
NASA administrator Bill Nelson believes that studying Bennu
samples will advance our understanding of the solar system for
generations. It promises to shed light on (揭示) what makes our
planet unique. By studying this 4.5-billion-year-old sample and
sharing it with the public, NASA aims to inspire future scientists
and encourage them to explore new fields.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是2023年9月下旬，美国宇航局
的OSIRIS-REx任务将从一颗遥远的小行星收集的岩石和尘埃带回到地球。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.What is the mission of OSIRIS-REx
B
A.To search for alien life on Bennu.
B.To collect a sample from an asteroid.
C.To explore the origin of the solar system.
D.To study the impact of space debris on Earth.
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段“The sample, from the asteroid
named Bennu, is the first of its kind brought to the United
States.”(该样本来自名为Bennu的小行星，是第一个被带到美国的此类样
本。)和第二段“Examining this ancient matter could hold clues about
how organic materials first arrived on Earth, so NASA launched the
OSIRIS-REx mission in 2016 to collect samples from Bennu's
surface.”(研究这种古老的物质可以提供有机物质如何首次到达地球的线索，
因此美国宇航局于2016年启动了OSIRIS-REx任务，从Bennu表面收集样本。)
可知，OSIRIS-REx的任务是从小行星上采集样本。故选B。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.What can we know from Paragraph 2
A
A.There is carbon and water on Bennu.
B.Bennu is the oldest star in the solar system.
C.Bennu played a key role in the evolution of life on Earth.
D.It took two years for scientists to locate an ideal collection site.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段“Recently, an initial examination of the
sample revealed evidence of a high carbon content and water on
Bennu.”(最近，对样本的初步检查表明，Bennu上存在高含量的碳和水。)可
知，Bennu上有碳和水。故选A。
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.Why was the study process delayed
C
A.The sample was difficult to collect.
B.The spacecraft had technical problems.
C.The collector was covered by additional material.
D.The examination of the material took lots of time.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段“When the team was unpacking their
sample, they found that ‘bonus’ material from the asteroid
covered the collector. The presence (存在) of this extra matter
delayed NASA's processing of the sample.”(当团队打开样本时，他们
发现来自小行星的“额外”物质覆盖了收集器。这种额外物质的存在推迟了
NASA对样品的处理。)可知，研究过程被推迟了是因为收集器被额外物质覆盖
着。故选C。
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A
A.The significance of studying the Bennu sample.
B.The purpose of displaying samples at the museum.
C.NASA's further plans for the research on Bennu rocks.
D.NASA's efforts to inspire scientists to explore new fields.
1
2
3
4
[解析] 段落大意题。根据最后一段“NASA administrator Bill Nelson
believes that studying Bennu samples will advance our
understanding of the solar system for generations. It promises to
shed light on (揭示) what makes our planet unique. By studying
this 4.5-billion-year-old sample and sharing it with the public,
NASA aims to inspire future scientists and encourage them to
explore new fields.”(美国宇航局局长Bill Nelson认为，研究Bennu的样本
将在未来几代人里推进我们对太阳系的了解。它有望揭示是什么让我们的星球
与众不同。通过研究这个45亿年前的样本并与公众分享，美国宇航局旨在激励
未来的科学家，鼓励他们探索新的领域。)可知，最后一段主要讲的是Bennu
样本研究的意义。故选A。
1
2
3
4
Ⅵ完形填空
[2024·四川达州高二期末]
6-year-old Cao Qixian set the new women's world record for
solving a 3×3×3 Rubik's cube (魔方) in 5.97 seconds (average). . .1. .
by a cousin, a Rubik's cube player, the Chinese girl started . .2. . a
Rubik's cube only at 3. Her cousin taught her the art of “speed-
cubing”, solving the world-famous puzzle as . .3. . as possible.
However, after about a year, the girl was so . .4. . it that her cousin
couldn't teach her anymore and her parents got her a speed-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
cubing . .5. .. Under the professional guidance she kept . .6. . for two
to three hours every day, and her time was getting better and
better. However, there was a point where she hit a wall and
needed all of her family's help to . .7. . it.
“She was . .8. . at 12 seconds when she tried to speed to 10
seconds for three months,” Qixian's mother . .9. .. “She practised a
lot but made no . .10. . and almost gave up.”
To motivate her, the entire family took up the game and even
participated in adult . .11. .. However, no one dared to dream that
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
the . .12. . speed-cuber could set a new world record at the tender
age of six.
Cao's average time of 5.97 seconds after five . .13. . of speed-
cubing won her the title of world record holder. Encouraged by her
recent . .14. ., Qixian has no plans of slowing down and is now . .15. .
the women's single-time record, which currently stands at 4.44
seconds.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国6岁女孩曹岂娴以5.97秒
的成绩打破了3×3×3魔方的女子世界纪录。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 1.A.Invited B.Inspired C.Praised D.Fascinated
B
[解析] 根据句中的“…the Chinese girl started…a Rubik's cube only at
3.”可知，她受到表姐的启发开始玩魔方。故选B。invite邀请；inspire激励，
鼓舞，启发；praise表扬； fascinate迷住。
( ) 2.A.playing with B.making up
C.participating in D.researching on
A
[解析] 根据句中的a cousin, a Rubik's cube player可知，此处指她开始玩
魔方。故选A。play with玩；make up编造，构成；participate in参加；
research on研究，调查。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 3.A.easily B.urgently C.accurately D.quickly
D
[解析] 根据句中的the art of “speed-cubing”可知，速解魔方的艺术是以
最快的速度拼好魔方。故选D。easily容易地；urgently 紧急地； accurately
精确地； quickly迅速地。
( ) 4.A.crazy about B.tired of C.expert in D.addicted to
C
[解析] 根据句中的“…her cousin couldn't teach her anymore…”可知，
她变得非常擅长解魔方，所以表姐教不了她了。故选C。be crazy about
对……疯狂； be tired of厌烦；be expert in擅长； be addicted to
对……入迷，对……上瘾。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 5.A.journalist B.machine C.toy D.coach
D
[解析] 根据下文中的under the professional guidance可知，父母为她请
了一位教练，给予她专业指导。故选D。journalist 记者；machine机器；
toy玩具；coach教练。
( ) 6.A.sitting B.thinking C.practising D.sleeping
C
[解析] 根据下文中的“She practised a lot…”可知，她保持每天练习两到
三个小时。故选C。sit坐；think思考；practise练习；sleep睡觉。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 7.A.overcome B.push C.remove D.break
A
[解析] 根据句中的“…there was a point where she hit a wall…”可知，
她遇到了瓶颈，需要所有家人的帮助才能克服。故选A。overcome克服，战
胜；push推动，推进；remove移开，去除；break打破。
( ) 8.A.leveled B.limited C.left D.stuck
D
[解析] 根据句中的“…at 12 seconds when she tried to speed to 10
seconds…”可知，她的魔方成绩卡在了12秒。故选D。level使平坦；limited
有限的；leave离开(某人或某处)；stuck卡住的。
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( ) 9.A.reported B.recalled C.complained D.tackled
B
[解析] 根据“She was…at 12 seconds when she tried to speed to 10
seconds for three months…”可知，这里是她的妈妈回忆的事情。故选B。
report汇报；recall回忆起； complain抱怨；tackle 处理。
( ) 10.A.progress B.difference C.money D.promise
A
[解析] 根据but前的practised a lot可知，这里与前面形成转折，她练习很多
但没有任何进步。故选A。progress进步，进展；difference区别；money钱；
promise承诺。
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( ) 11.A.parties B.activities C.competitions D.clubs
C
[解析] 根据句中的even可知，全家人为了激励她都玩起了魔方，甚至参加成
人比赛。故选C。party派对；activity活动；competition比赛；club俱乐部。
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( ) 12.A.devoted B.gifted
C.stressed D.disheartened
B
[解析] 根据上文中的“…the Chinese girl started…a Rubik's cube only
at 3.”和“However, after about a year, the girl was so…it that her
cousin couldn't teach her anymore…”可知，曹岂娴3岁开始玩魔方，4岁
时就非常擅长解魔方，由此可知，她是一个非常有天赋的魔方玩家。故选B。
devoted忠诚的；gifted有天才的，有天赋的；stressed焦虑不安的；
disheartened灰心的，丧气的。
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( ) 13.A.turns B.rounds C.periods D.minutes
B
[解析] 根据句中的Cao's average time of 5.97 seconds和空前的five可知，
曹岂娴在5轮比赛中的平均成绩是5.97秒。故选B。turn转动，旋动；round轮
次，局；period 一段时间；minute分钟。
( ) 14.A.idea B.decision C.failure D.performance
D
[解析] 根据第一段中的“6-year-old Cao Qixian set the new women's
world record for solving a 3×3×3 Rubik's cube(魔方) in 5.97
seconds (average).”可知，她最近以平均5.97秒的成绩打破了3×3×3魔方的
女子世界纪录，这是她的表现。故选D。idea想法；decision决定；failure失
败；performance表演，表现。
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( ) 15.A.challenging B.making C.keeping D.renewing
A
[解析] 根据空后的“…the women's single-time record, which currently
stands at 4.44 seconds.”可知，女子单次计时纪录是4.44秒，而她目前的
成绩是平均5.97秒，所以她现在想要挑战这个纪录。故选A。challenge挑战；
make制作；keep保持；renew重新开始。
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