Period Three Developing ideas
【课前自主探究】
Task 1: Fast Reading
1.two criteria 2.natural conditions 3.rich and diverse
4.scientists and especially the local people’s
Task 2: Careful Reading
1—4 DBAC
Task 3: Micro-writing
1.on 2.made 3.required 4.apparently 5.areas
6.the 7.to look 8.who 9.highlighting 10.natural
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.(1)with/and/to (2)compared with/to; by/in comparison with
2.(1)①endangered ②dangerous (2)①in danger of ②out of danger
3.(1)①greeting ②with (2)sent greetings to each other
句型透视
①Was it in 2008 that ②It ③It was not until I participated in the activity that ④What was it thatPeriod Three Developing ideas
Ⅰ.1.sessions 2.vast 3.visual 4.Elsewhere
5.nutrients
Ⅱ.1.criteria 2.rarely 3.variation 4.apparently
5.biological 6.security 7.Comparison 8.mysterious
9.prosperity 10.endangered
Ⅲ.1.On behalf of 2.was named after 3.make it to 4.a (wide) variety of 5.In return for 6.in harmony with
Ⅳ.1.it is a challenge to get 2.the way (in which/that)we live 3.What matters is that 4.It was when the car pulled up in front of our house that
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要谈论了科学家多年来一直在辩论是人类还是气候导致了过去几千年大型哺乳动物数量急剧下降。但Aarhus大学的一项新研究证实了气候不可能是原因。
1.C 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“About 100,000 years ago, the first modern humans migrated out of Africa in large numbers.They were very good at adapting to new habitats, and they settled in almost every kind of landscape—from deserts to jungles to the icy taiga in the far north.”(大约10万年前,第一批现代人类大量迁徙出非洲。他们非常善于适应新的生活环境,几乎定居在从沙漠到丛林再到遥远北方冰冷的针叶林的每一种景观中。)以及第三段“With clever hunting techniques and specially built weapons, they perfected the art of killing even the most dangerous mammals.” (凭借巧妙的狩猎技术和特制的武器,他们完善了杀死甚至是最危险的哺乳动物的艺术。)可知,此处画线词the success指的是上文提到的人类迁徙的成就。故选C。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“By studying the DNA of 139 living species of large mammals, scientists have been able to show that the abundance of almost all species fell dramatically about 50,000 years ago.This is according to Jens-Christian Svenning, a professor and head of the Danish National Research Foundation’s Centre for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere at Aarhus University and the initiator of the study.”(通过研究139种现存大型哺乳动物的DNA,科学家们已经能够证明,大约5万年前,几乎所有物种的丰富程度都急剧下降。这是奥胡斯大学丹麦国家研究基金会新生物圈生态动力学中心的教授兼负责人、该研究的发起人Jens-Christian Svenning的说法。)可知,大约5万年前,大型哺乳动物的数量显著减少。故选A。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“By studying the DNA of 139 living species of large mammals, scientists have been able to show that the abundance of almost all species fell dramatically about 50,000 years ago.This is according to Jens-Christian Svenning, a professor and head of the Danish National Research Foundation’s Centre for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere at Aarhus University and the initiator of the study.”(通过研究139种现存大型哺乳动物的DNA,科学家们已经能够证明,大约5万年前,几乎所有物种的丰富程度都急剧下降。这是奥胡斯大学丹麦国家研究基金会新生物圈生态动力学中心的教授兼负责人、该研究的发起人Jens-Christian Svenning的说法。)以及最后一段“‘We’ve studied the evolution of large mammalian populations over the past 750,000 years.For the first 700,000 years, the populations were fairly stable.But 50,000 years ago, the populations fell dramatically and never recovered,’ he says, and continues: ‘For the past 800,000 years, the globe has fluctuated(波动)between ice ages and interglacial periods about every 100,000 years.If the climate was the cause, we should see greater fluctuations when the climate changed 50,000 years earlier. But we don’t. Humans are, therefore, the most likely explanation.’”(“我们研究了过去75万年中大型哺乳动物种群的进化。在最初的70万年里,种群数量相当稳定。但在5万年前,种群数量急剧下降,再也没有恢复,”他说,并继续说道:“在过去的80万年里,全球大约每10万年就在冰河时期和间冰期之间波动一次。如果气候是原因,我们应该会在5万年前气候变化时看到更大的波动。但我们没有。因此,人类是最有可能的解释。”)可知,研究的线索为时间。故选C。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“For years, scientists have debated whether humans or the climate has caused the population of large mammals to decline dramatically over the past several thousand years. A new study from Aarhus University confirms that climate cannot be the explanation.”(科学家们多年来一直在辩论是人类还是气候导致了过去几千年大型哺乳动物数量急剧下降。但Aarhus大学的一项新研究证实了气候不可能是原因。)以及对文章的理解可知D项“人类对巨型哺乳动物的影响”符合文章大意。故选D。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个年轻男子和他的妻子养了一只名叫布鲁托的黑猫。后来男子的妻子离开了他,而且他也失去了工作,所以他开始喝酒。有一天他喝完酒回家后,踢了猫一脚。他后悔并努力弥补自己的错误,最终学会了珍惜身边的人和物。
1.B 根据下文“The black cat was beautiful.”可知,作者和妻子养了几只可爱的宠物,包括一只漂亮的黑猫。故选B。adoptive收养的; adorable可爱的; ambitious雄心勃勃的; adaptable有适应能力的。
2.C 根据空后for several years可知,作者和宠物的友谊持续了好几年。故选C。start启动; appear出现; last持续; pass通过。
3.A 根据下文“I forgot how to smile and laugh.”可知,作者忘记了如何微笑,说明他的妻子离开了他,他也失去了工作。故选A。depart离开; claim声称;beat击败;compensate 补偿。
4.D 根据上文“…however, my wife and my job…me.”以及下文“…eventually quit drinking.”可知,作者失去了工作,而且妻子也离开了他,所以他开始喝酒,酒成了他的新朋友。故选D。regret后悔;silence沉默;music音乐;wine酒。
5.B 根据下文“As I entered, I saw Pluto was trying to stay out of my way to…me, which made me annoyed beyond…”可知,自从作者失去工作,妻子离开了他,酒就成了他的朋友,所以他变得非常易怒。故选B。adjust调整;anger激怒;arrange排列;abandon放弃。
6.D 根据下文“…I made my way with effort into the house.”可知,作者费力地走进了屋子,说明他走路不稳,步履蹒跚。故选D。smooth光滑的; flexible灵活的;stable稳定的;uncertain蹒跚的。
7.A 根据空前“…trying to stay out of my way…”可知,布鲁托看到作者步履蹒跚地走了进来,所以它试图让路来避开作者。故选A。avoid避开;stop停止;bend弯曲;compete 竞争。
8.B 根据空前“…which made me annoyed beyond…”以及下文“I lifted my foot and gave him a heavy kick…”可知,作者看到布鲁托要躲开他时,气得无法用语言表达,抬起脚重重地踢了它一脚。故选B。action行动; word语言; reason原因; reach波及范围。
9.B 根据上文“As I entered, I saw Pluto was trying to stay out of my way to…me, which made me annoyed beyond…”可知,作者当时非常生气,所以故意重重地踢了猫一脚。故选B。constantly不断地;purposely故意地;intently聚精会神地;appropriately适当地。
10.B 根据上文“The cat burst into a tragic scream…”可知,猫的惨叫声就像平静黑夜中的一道雷声。故选B。storm风暴;thunder雷声;rainbow彩虹;lightning闪电。
11.A 根据下文“I followed up the cry, calling ‘Pluto’.”可知,作者因为猫的惨叫声从醉酒中清醒了过来。所以猫的惨叫声就像铃声唤醒了作者。故选A。awaken唤醒;strike打击;knock敲击;uplift提升。
12.C 根据上文“I felt regretful…”可知,作者此时感到了后悔和内疚,试图去安慰他的猫。故选C。stressed有压力的;frightened害怕的;guilty内疚的;delicate精致的。
13.B 根据上文“I lifted my foot and gave him a heavy kick…”以及“No response.”可知,作者因为喝醉酒踢了他的猫,所以他觉得他犯了一个不可原谅的错误。故选B。unforgettable难忘的; unforgivable不可原谅的; unaffordable负担不起的; unforeseeable不可预见的。
14.C 根据下文“…feeding him alone and eventually quit drinking.”可知,作者感到非常后悔和内疚,所以他努力去弥补小猫。故选C。do away with废除;get away with逃脱惩罚;make up with弥补;catch up with赶上。
15.D 根据下文“…and accompanying us in our lives.”可知,作者觉得应该珍惜我们身边陪伴我们的人和物,比如他的宠物猫。故选D。observe观察;assist协助;impress(使)印象深刻;surround围绕。Period Three Developing ideas
Task 1: Fast Reading
Task 2: Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
( )1.Why was Shennongjia included on the UNESCO World Heritage List
A.For it has great forests.
B.For it is named after Shennong.
C.For it owns the most mysterious creature.
D.For it meets two criteria required by the list.
( )2.What allows varied species to grow in Shennongjia
A.The high altitude.
B.The various climate.
C.The protection policy.
D.The complete natural area.
( )3.How is the scientists’ looking after the monkey
A.Tough. B.Interesting.
C.Exciting. D.Complex.
( )4.What’s the author’s attitude to Shennongjia’s inclusion
A.Doubtful. B.Opposing.
C.Approving. D.Uncaring.
Task 3: Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
Good morning, everyone. It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here 1. behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
In 2016, Shennongjia 2. (make) it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List. But there are so many important places not yet on this list. So people might ask: why Shennongjia UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria 3. (require) by the list. For the first criterion, Shennongjia is 4. (apparent) one of the most “complete” natural 5. (area) in the world. For 6. second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity. But it is a challenge 7. (look) after so many species. The most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, 8. take things from nature without causing damage. They manage to live and work in harmony with nature. All of this explains why Shennongjia earned—and deserves—its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as 9. (highlight) how understanding, awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our 10. (nature) world.
That’s all. Thank you for listening. Now, does anyone have any questions
1.comparison n.比较
(教材P74)Data, examples and comparisons are then used to support the main ideas. 然后,数据、例子和比较被用来支持主要观点。
(1)by comparison 相比之下,相较而言
by/in comparison with 与……相比较
(2)compare v. 比较;对比
compare…with/and… 把……和……相比较
compare…to… 把……和……相比较;
把……比作……
compared to/with… 和……相比(通常作
状语)
(3)beyond/without compare
无与伦比;举世无双
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
Many parents like comparing their own children their friends’ children.
(2)一句多译
我最喜欢的季节是秋天,因为与夏天相比,秋天的天气更加宜人。
→My favourite season is autumn because the weather is more agreeable summer.(v.)
→My favourite season is autumn because the weather is more agreeable summer.(n.)
2.endangered adj.濒临灭绝的
(教材P76)Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries. 尽管由于外来物种的入侵,这种蜜蜂在中国其他地方濒临灭绝,但神农架的蜜蜂与当地人共存了几个世纪。
(1)endanger v. 使……遭受危害,危及
(2)danger n. 危险
in danger (of…) 处于(……的)危险中
out of danger 脱离危险
(3)dangerous adj. 危险的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The organization was set up to preserve (endanger) species from extinction.
②Being in (danger) situations and feeling helpless may have a lasting influence on people’s mental health.
(2)完成句子
①As the impact of human activities continues to grow, the list of species extinction becomes longer.
随着人类活动的影响持续增长,濒临灭绝的物种名单变得越来越长。(话题写作之动植物保护)
②The operation is a success and now the patient is .
手术成功了,病人现在已脱离危险。
3.greeting n. 问候,招呼,致意
(1)send (one’s) greetings to sb
(某人)向某人问好
(2)greet v. 和(某人)打招呼(或问好),迎接; 映入……的眼帘;传入……的耳中(或鼻中)
greet sb (with sth) (用某种方式)和某人打招呼(或问好)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Li Jiang and Su Hua don’t agree on what to wear when (greet) the British students.
②In countries of Latin America, people not only shake hands, but they also greet each other a kiss.
(2)完成句子
Sometimes, we though we were busy with our work.
有时,尽管我们忙于工作,我们还是互相问候。(话题
写作之人际关系)
(教材P74) Or is it the mysterious creature called “Yeren” (wild man) that has captured the imagination of the world
还是被称为“野人”的神秘生物引发了全世界的想象力
强调句
句型公式
【归纳拓展】
强调句:
1.基本结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其余部分.
2.注意要点:(1)被强调的部分是谓语以外的其他成分,可以是主语、宾语、状语等;
(2)被强调的部分指人时,用that或who, 其余情况用that。
3.其他强调句式:(1)一般疑问句:Is/Was+it+被强调部分+that/who+其余部分
(2)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其余部分
4.判断强调句的依据:去掉it is/was和that/who后,句子结构依然完整。
5.难点:对not…until…的强调,如:
We didn’t know the truth until they returned.
直到他们回来我们才知道真相。
强调句:It was not until they returned that we knew the truth.(not 提到until之前)
【活学活用】
完成句子
① our Chinese team won the first place in the gold medal list in the Olympics
是在2008年我们中国队名列奥运会金牌榜第一名吗
② is through cultural communication that we learn from each other and grow closer.
正是通过文化交流我们才得以互相学习,增进关系。(话题写作之文化交流)
③ I had a good understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
直到我参加了这个活动,我才对中国传统文化有了很好的了解。(话题写作之活动介绍)
④ prevented him from attending our party over the weekend
是什么使他没来参加我们的周末聚会 Period Three Developing ideas
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.During the intense study (一段时间), he felt overwhelmed but refused to throw in the towel, determined to conquer the challenging material.
2.There are probably (巨大的) quantities of resources under the sea and ice, not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals.
3.Owing to the boost in advertising, people are used to seeing a high standard of (视觉的) design.
4. (在别处), people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
5.The Amazon rainforest is home to varied plant life; however, its soil is surprisingly poor in (营养物).
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.What (criterion) are used for assessing a student’s ability
2.He (rare) communicates with his families about office affairs.
3.The Galapagos penguin exhibits a unique (vary) in its physical characteristics compared to other penguin species inhabiting colder regions.
4.He showed a satisfied smile, (apparent) glad to accept the comics his classmate offered.
5.As well as doing these (biology) experiments, we carry out experiments in other research fields.
6.They are now under a great deal of pressure to improve their airport (secure).
7. (compare) and contrast is a method that is often used by writers to tell the similarities and differences between two subjects.
8.Cats can be friendly and affectionate towards mankind, but they lead (mystery) lives of their own as well.
9.Du lived under the governing of the Tang Emperor Xuanzong, a time marked by extraordinary (prosper), inclusiveness and cultural accomplishment.
10.Engineers who worked on the project made an attempt to renew the (endanger) habitats and protect local wildlife.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1. (代表) the Students’ Union, I’m writing to invite you to join in the 12-km hiking trip to be held next week.
2.This museum (以……命名) the donor who donated money to build it.
3.It takes about a day until these pills (到达) your aching muscles.
4.The “Riverside” restaurant serves (各种各样的) food that never stops to amaze you!
5. (为了报答) his generosity, people advised that the school be named Harvard College.
6.Economic development should be progressing (与……和谐) protecting natural environment.
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1.I think two former rivals to collaborate together. (get)
我认为让两个昔日的竞争对手合作是一个挑战。
2.Science and technology have made major changes to .(定语从句)
科学和技术极大地改变了我们的生活方式。
3. the hidden meaning can get across to people present. (主语从句)
重要的是在场的人能理解隐藏的意义。
4. we saw Lily in the passenger seat. (强调句)
当汽车停在了我们的房子前时, 我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座上。
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·四川南充高二期末]
For years, scientists have debated whether humans or the climate has caused the population of large mammals to decline dramatically over the past several thousand years. A new study from Aarhus University confirms that climate cannot be the explanation.
About 100,000 years ago, the first modern humans migrated out of Africa in large numbers. They were very good at adapting to new habitats, and they settled in almost every kind of landscape—from deserts to jungles to the icy taiga in the far north.
Part of the success was human’s ability to hunt large animals. With clever hunting techniques and specially built weapons, they perfected the art of killing even the most dangerous mammals.
But unfortunately, the great success of our ancestors came at the expense of the other large mammals.
It is well-known that numerous large species went extinct during the time of worldwide colonization by modern humans. Now, new research from Aarhus University reveals that those large mammals that survived also experienced a dramatic decline.
By studying the DNA of 139 living species of large mammals, scientists have been able to show that the abundance of almost all species fell dramatically about 50,000 years ago. This is according to Jens-Christian Svenning, a professor and head of the Danish National Research Foundation’s Centre for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere at Aarhus University and the initiator of the study.
“We’ve studied the evolution of large mammalian populations over the past 750,000 years. For the first 700,000 years, the populations were fairly stable. But 50,000 years ago, the populations fell dramatically and never recovered,” he says, and continues: “For the past 800,000 years, the globe has fluctuated (波动) between ice ages and interglacial periods about every 100,000 years. If the climate was the cause, we should see greater fluctuations when the climate changed 50,000 years earlier.But we don’t. Humans are, therefore, the most likely explanation.”
( )1.What do the underlined words “the success” refer to in Paragraph 3
A.The evolution of large mammals.
B.The prosperity of various habitats.
C.The achievement of human migration.
D.The progress in hunting techniques.
( )2.According to Svenning, what happened 50,000 years ago
A.Populations of large mammals significantly dropped.
B.Living conditions of large mammals remained stable.
C.Global climate dramatically changed.
D.A large number of glaciers suddenly melt.
( )3.What’s used as a clue of the research according to the last two paragraphs
A.Species. B.Place.
C.Time. D.Climate.
( )4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Climate impact on animals
B.Changes of prehistoric environment
C.Evolution of large mammal populations
D.Human influence on giant mammals
●Ⅵ 完形填空
[2024·江苏南通海安高二期末]
I was quite young when I married. My wife shared with me my love for animals and she got several 1 pets, including one cat.
The black cat was beautiful. We named him Pluto. I liked him best so that I often fed him alone. Our friendships 2 for several years, during which, however, my wife and my job 3 me. Gradually, 4 became my new friend; I became quick to 5 ; I forgot how to smile and laugh.
One night I came home quite late from the inn. Walking with 6 steps, I made my way with effort into the house. As I entered, I saw Pluto was trying to stay out of my way to 7 me, which made me annoyed beyond 8 . I lifted my foot and gave him a heavy kick 9 . The cat burst into a tragic scream, like a 10 cutting through the peaceful dark sky.
It seemed a ring 11 me. I followed up the cry, calling “Pluto”. No response. Turn on the light, and I found him, curled up below a chair. I felt regretful and 12 , attempting to comfort it. No response. I knew I had made an 13 mistake.
I made my efforts to 14 him in my manner, feeding him alone and eventually quit drinking. Maybe sometimes some evil things inside ourselves pushed us to do wrong, but we must bear in mind that we ought to treasure what is 15 and accompanying us in our lives.
( )1.A.adoptive B.adorable
C.ambitious D.adaptable
( )2.A.started B.appeared
C.lasted D.passed
( )3.A.departed B.claimed
C.beat D.compensated
( )4.A.regret B.silence
C.music D.wine
( )5.A.adjust B.anger
C.arrange D.abandon
( )6.A.smooth B.flexible
C.stable D.uncertain
( )7.A.avoid B.stop
C.bend D.compete
( )8.A.actions B.words
C.reason D.reach
( )9.A.constantly B.purposely
C.intently D.appropriately
( )10.A.storm B.thunder
C.rainbow D.lightning
( )11.A.awakening B.striking
C.knocking D.uplifting
( )12.A.stressed B.frightened
C.guilty D.delicate
( )13.A.unforgettable B.unforgivable
C.unaffordable D.unforeseeable
( )14.A.do away with B.get away with
C.make up with D.catch up with
( )15.A.observing B.assisting
C.impressing D.surrounding(共56张PPT)
Period Three
Developing ideas
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
练习册
Task 1: Fast Reading
two criteria
natural conditions
rich and diverse
scientists and especially the local people's
Task 2: Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the
text.
( ) 1.Why was Shennongjia included on the UNESCO World
Heritage List
D
A.For it has great forests.
B.For it is named after Shennong.
C.For it owns the most mysterious creature.
D.For it meets two criteria required by the list.
( ) 2.What allows varied species to grow in Shennongjia
B
A.The high altitude. B.The various climate.
C.The protection policy. D.The complete natural area.
( ) 3.How is the scientists' looking after the monkey
A
A.Tough. B.Interesting. C.Exciting. D.Complex.
( ) 4.What's the author's attitude to Shennongjia's inclusion
C
A.Doubtful. B.Opposing. C.Approving. D.Uncaring.
Task 3: Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
Good morning, everyone. It is my great pleasure to give a
lecture here 1._____ behalf of the Be at One with Nature
Association.
on
In 2016, Shennongjia 2.________ (make) it onto the UNESCO
World Heritage List. But there are so many important places not
yet on this list. So people might ask: why Shennongjia UNESCO
awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria
3.___________ (require) by the list. For the first criterion,
Shennongjia is 4.______________ (apparent) one of the most
“complete” natural 5.________ (area) in the world. For 6.______
second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible
biodiversity. But it is a challenge 7.__________ (look) after so many
made
required
apparently
areas
the
to look
species. The most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local
people, 8._______ take things from nature without causing damage.
They manage to live and work in harmony with nature. All of this
explains why Shennongjia earned—and deserves—its place on the
UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as 9.________________
(highlight) how understanding, awareness and hard work have
contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our
10.__________ (nature) world.
That's all. Thank you for listening. Now, does anyone have any
questions
who
highlighting
natural
1.comparison n.比较
(教材P74)Data, examples and comparisons are then used to
support the main ideas. 然后,数据、例子和比较被用来支持主要观点。
(1)by comparison 相比之下,相较而言
by/in comparison with 与……相比较
(2)compare v. 比较;对比
compare…with/and… 把……和……相比较
compare…to… 把……和……相比较；把……比作……
compared to/with… 和……相比(通常作状语)
(3)beyond/without compare 无与伦比;举世无双
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
Many parents like comparing their own children _______________
their friends' children.
with/and/to
(2)一句多译
我最喜欢的季节是秋天,因为与夏天相比,秋天的天气更加宜人。
→My favourite season is autumn because the weather is more
agreeable _______________________ summer.(v.)
→My favourite season is autumn because the weather is more
agreeable _____________________________ summer.(n.)
compared with/to
by/in comparison with
2.endangered adj.濒临灭绝的
(教材P76)Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the
invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted
with the local people for centuries. 尽管由于外来物种的入侵,这种蜜蜂
在中国其他地方濒临灭绝,但神农架的蜜蜂与当地人共存了几个世纪。
(1)endanger v. 使……遭受危害,危及
(2)danger n. 危险
in danger (of…) 处于(……的)危险中
out of danger 脱离危险
(3)dangerous adj. 危险的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The organization was set up to preserve ________________
(endanger) species from extinction.
②Being in ______________ (danger) situations and feeling helpless
may have a lasting influence on people's mental health.
endangered
dangerous
(2)完成句子
①As the impact of human activities continues to grow, the list of
species _________________ extinction becomes longer.
随着人类活动的影响持续增长,濒临灭绝的物种名单变得越来越长。
(话题写作之动植物保护)
in danger of
②The operation is a success and now the patient is
___________________.
手术成功了,病人现在已脱离危险。
out of danger
3.greeting n. 问候,招呼,致意
(1)send (one's) greetings to sb (某人)向某人问好
(2)greet v. 和(某人)打招呼(或问好),迎接;
映入……的眼帘;传入……的耳中(或鼻中)
greet sb (with sth) (用某种方式)和某人打招呼(或问好)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Li Jiang and Su Hua don't agree on what to wear when
___________ (greet) the British students.
②In countries of Latin America, people not only shake hands, but
they also greet each other _______ a kiss.
greeting
with
(2)完成句子
Sometimes, we ____________________________________ though we
were busy with our work.
有时，尽管我们忙于工作，我们还是互相问候。(话题写作之人际关系)
sent greetings to each other
(教材P74) Or is it the mysterious creature called “Yeren”
(wild man) that has captured the imagination of the world？
还是被称为“野人”的神秘生物引发了全世界的想象力
句型公式
强调句
【归纳拓展】
强调句:
1.基本结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其余部分.
2.注意要点:(1)被强调的部分是谓语以外的其他成分,可以是主语、宾语、状语等;
(2)被强调的部分指人时,用that或who, 其余情况用that。
3.其他强调句式:(1)一般疑问句:Is/Was+it+被强调部分+that/who+其余部分
(2)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其余部分
4.判断强调句的依据:去掉it is/was和that/who后,句子结构依然完整。
5.难点:对not…until…的强调,如:
We didn't know the truth until they returned.
直到他们回来我们才知道真相。
强调句:It was not until they returned that we knew the truth.
(not 提到until之前)
【活学活用】
完成句子
①_________________________ our Chinese team won the first place in
the gold medal list in the Olympics
是在2008年我们中国队名列奥运会金牌榜第一名吗
Was it in 2008 that
②___is through cultural communication that we learn from each
other and grow closer.
正是通过文化交流我们才得以互相学习，增进关系。(话题写作之文化交流)
It
③_____________________________________________________________I had
a good understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
直到我参加了这个活动，我才对中国传统文化有了很好的了解。(话题写作之
活动介绍)
It was not until I participated in the activity that
④______________________prevented him from attending our party
over the weekend
是什么使他没来参加我们的周末聚会
What was it that
练 习 册
Ⅰ单词拼写
1.During the intense study ___________(一段时间), he felt
overwhelmed but refused to throw in the towel, determined to
conquer the challenging material.
sessions
2.There are probably ______(巨大的) quantities of resources under
the sea and ice, not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals.
vast
1
2
3
4
5
3.Owing to the boost in advertising, people are used to seeing a
high standard of ________(视觉的) design.
visual
4._____________(在别处), people favour shaking hands, bowing from
the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
Elsewhere
5.The Amazon rainforest is home to varied plant life; however, its
soil is surprisingly poor in ____________ (营养物).
nutrients
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅱ单句填空
1.What __________(criterion) are used for assessing a student's
ability
criteria
2.He ________ (rare) communicates with his families about office
affairs.
rarely
3.The Galapagos penguin exhibits a unique ____________ (vary) in
its physical characteristics compared to other penguin species
inhabiting colder regions.
variation
4.He showed a satisfied smile, ______________ (apparent) glad to
accept the comics his classmate offered.
apparently
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.As well as doing these _____________ (biology) experiments, we
carry out experiments in other research fields.
biological
6.They are now under a great deal of pressure to improve their
airport ___________ (secure).
security
7.________________ (compare) and contrast is a method that is often
used by writers to tell the similarities and differences between two
subjects.
Comparison
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.Cats can be friendly and affectionate towards mankind, but they
lead ______________ (mystery) lives of their own as well.
mysterious
9.Du lived under the governing of the Tang Emperor Xuanzong, a
time marked by extraordinary _____________ (prosper), inclusiveness
and cultural accomplishment.
prosperity
10.Engineers who worked on the project made an attempt to
renew the ________________ (endanger) habitats and protect local
wildlife.
endangered
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅲ短语填空
1._________________ (代表) the Students' Union, I'm writing to invite
you to join in the 12-km hiking trip to be held next week.
On behalf of
2.This museum ______________________ (以……命名) the donor who
donated money to build it.
was named after
3.It takes about a day until these pills ______________ (到达) your
aching muscles.
make it to
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.The “Riverside” restaurant serves ________________________
(各种各样的) food that never stops to amaze you!
a (wide) variety of
5._________________(为了报答) his generosity, people advised that the
school be named Harvard College.
In return for
6.Economic development should be progressing
_____________________ (与……和谐) protecting natural environment.
in harmony with
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ句型训练
1.I think ______________________________ two former rivals to
collaborate together. (get)
我认为让两个昔日的竞争对手合作是一个挑战。
it is a challenge to get
2.Science and technology have made major changes to
______________________________________.(定语从句)
科学和技术极大地改变了我们的生活方式。
the way (in which/that)we live
1
2
3
4
3.___________________________ the hidden meaning can get across to
people present. (主语从句)
重要的是在场的人能理解隐藏的意义。
What matters is that
4.__________________________________________________________________
_____we saw Lily in the passenger seat. (强调句)
当汽车停在了我们的房子前时, 我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座上。
It was when the car pulled up in front of our house that
1
2
3
4
Ⅴ阅读理解
[2024·四川南充高二期末]
For years, scientists have debated whether humans or the
climate has caused the population of large mammals to decline
dramatically over the past several thousand years. A new study
from Aarhus University confirms that climate cannot be the
explanation.
1
2
3
4
About 100,000 years ago, the first modern humans migrated
out of Africa in large numbers. They were very good at adapting
to new habitats, and they settled in almost every kind of
landscape—from deserts to jungles to the icy taiga in the far north.
Part of the success was human's ability to hunt large animals.
With clever hunting techniques and specially built weapons, they
perfected the art of killing even the most dangerous mammals.
1
2
3
4
But unfortunately, the great success of our ancestors came at
the expense of the other large mammals.
It is well-known that numerous large species went extinct
during the time of worldwide colonization by modern humans.
Now, new research from Aarhus University reveals that those large
mammals that survived also experienced a dramatic decline.
1
2
3
4
By studying the DNA of 139 living species of large mammals,
scientists have been able to show that the abundance of almost all
species fell dramatically about 50,000 years ago. This is according
to Jens-Christian Svenning, a professor and head of the Danish
National Research Foundation's Centre for Ecological Dynamics in a
Novel Biosphere at Aarhus University and the initiator of the study.
1
2
3
4
“We've studied the evolution of large mammalian populations
over the past 750,000 years. For the first 700,000 years, the
populations were fairly stable. But 50,000 years ago, the
populations fell dramatically and never recovered,” he says, and
continues: “For the past 800,000 years, the globe has fluctuated
(波动) between ice ages and interglacial periods about every
100,000 years. If the climate was the cause, we should see greater
fluctuations when the climate changed 50,000 years earlier. But we
don't. Humans are, therefore, the most likely explanation.”
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要谈论了科学家多年来一直在辩论是
人类还是气候导致了过去几千年大型哺乳动物数量急剧下降。但Aarhus大学
的一项新研究证实了气候不可能是原因。
( ) 1.What do the underlined words “the success” refer to
in Paragraph 3
C
A.The evolution of large mammals.
B.The prosperity of various habitats.
C.The achievement of human migration.
D.The progress in hunting techniques.
1
2
3
4
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“About 100,000 years ago, the
first modern humans migrated out of Africa in large numbers. They
were very good at adapting to new habitats, and they settled in
almost every kind of landscape—from deserts to jungles to the icy
taiga in the far north.”(大约10万年前，第一批现代人类大量迁徙出非洲。
他们非常善于适应新的生活环境，几乎定居在从沙漠到丛林再到遥远北方冰冷
的针叶林的每一种景观中。)以及第三段“With clever hunting techniques
and specially built weapons, they perfected the art of killing even
the most dangerous mammals.” (凭借巧妙的狩猎技术和特制的武器，他
们完善了杀死甚至是最危险的哺乳动物的艺术。)可知，此处画线词the
success指的是上文提到的人类迁徙的成就。故选C。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.According to Svenning, what happened 50,000 years ago
A
A.Populations of large mammals significantly dropped.
B.Living conditions of large mammals remained stable.
C.Global climate dramatically changed.
D.A large number of glaciers suddenly melt.
1
2
3
4
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“By studying the DNA of 139
living species of large mammals, scientists have been able to show
that the abundance of almost all species fell dramatically about
50,000 years ago. This is according to Jens-Christian Svenning, a
professor and head of the Danish National Research Foundation's
Centre for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere at Aarhus
University and the initiator of the study.”(通过研究139种现存大型哺乳
动物的DNA，科学家们已经能够证明，大约5万年前，几乎所有物种的丰富程
度都急剧下降。这是奥胡斯大学丹麦国家研究基金会新生物圈生态动力学中心
的教授兼负责人、该研究的发起人Jens-Christian Svenning的说法。)可知，
大约5万年前，大型哺乳动物的数量显著减少。故选A。
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What's used as a clue of the research according to the
last two paragraphs
C
A.Species. B.Place. C.Time. D.Climate.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“By studying the DNA of 139
living species of large mammals, scientists have been able to show
that the abundance of almost all species fell dramatically about
50,000 years ago. This is according to Jens-Christian Svenning, a
professor and head of the Danish National Research Foundation's
Centre for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere at Aarhus
1
2
3
4
University and the initiator of the study.”(通过研究139种现存大型哺乳
动物的DNA，科学家们已经能够证明，大约5万年前，几乎所有物种的丰富程
度都急剧下降。这是奥胡斯大学丹麦国家研究基金会新生物圈生态动力学中心
的教授兼负责人、该研究的发起人Jens-Christian Svenning的说法。)以及最
后一段“‘We've studied the evolution of large mammalian
populations over the past 750,000 years. For the first 700,000 years,
the populations were fairly stable. But 50,000 years ago, the
populations fell dramatically and never recovered,’ he says, and
continues: ‘For the past 800,000 years, the globe has fluctuated
(波动)between ice ages and interglacial periods about every 100,000
1
2
3
4
years. If the climate was the cause, we should see greater
fluctuations when the climate changed 50,000 years earlier. But we
don't. Humans are, therefore, the most likely explanation.’”
(“我们研究了过去75万年中大型哺乳动物种群的进化。在最初的70万年里，
种群数量相当稳定。但在5万年前，种群数量急剧下降，再也没有恢复，”他
说，并继续说道：“在过去的80万年里，全球大约每10万年就在冰河时期和
间冰期之间波动一次。如果气候是原因，我们应该会在5万年前气候变化时看
到更大的波动。但我们没有。因此，人类是最有可能的解释。”)可知，研究
的线索为时间。故选C。
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
D
A.Climate impact on animals
B.Changes of prehistoric environment
C.Evolution of large mammal populations
D.Human influence on giant mammals
1
2
3
4
[解析] 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“For years, scientists have debated
whether humans or the climate has caused the population of large
mammals to decline dramatically over the past several thousand
years. A new study from Aarhus University confirms that climate
cannot be the explanation.”(科学家们多年来一直在辩论是人类还是气候
导致了过去几千年大型哺乳动物数量急剧下降。但Aarhus大学的一项新研究
证实了气候不可能是原因。)以及对文章的理解可知D项“人类对巨型哺乳动物
的影响”符合文章大意。故选D。
1
2
3
4
Ⅵ完形填空
[2024·江苏南通海安高二期末]
I was quite young when I married. My wife shared with me my
love for animals and she got several . .1. . pets, including one cat.
The black cat was beautiful. We named him Pluto. I liked him
best so that I often fed him alone. Our friendships . .2. . for several
years, during which, however, my wife and my job . .3. . me.
Gradually, . .4. . became my new friend; I became quick to . .5. .; I
forgot how to smile and laugh.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
One night I came home quite late from the inn. Walking
with . .6. . steps, I made my way with effort into the house. As I
entered, I saw Pluto was trying to stay out of my way to . .7. . me,
which made me annoyed beyond . .8. .. I lifted my foot and gave
him a heavy kick . .9. .. The cat burst into a tragic scream, like
a . .10. . cutting through the peaceful dark sky.
It seemed a ring . .11. . me. I followed up the cry, calling
“Pluto”. No response. Turn on the light, and I found him, curled
up below a chair. I felt regretful and . .12. ., attempting to comfort it.
No response. I knew I had made an . .13. . mistake.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
I made my efforts to . .14. . him in my manner, feeding him
alone and eventually quit drinking. Maybe sometimes some evil
things inside ourselves pushed us to do wrong, but we must bear
in mind that we ought to treasure what is . .15. . and accompanying
us in our lives.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个年轻男子和他的妻子养了
一只名叫布鲁托的黑猫。后来男子的妻子离开了他，而且他也失去了工作，所
以他开始喝酒。有一天他喝完酒回家后，踢了猫一脚。他后悔并努力弥补自己
的错误，最终学会了珍惜身边的人和物。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 1.A.adoptive B.adorable C.ambitious D.adaptable
B
[解析] 根据下文“The black cat was beautiful.”可知，作者和妻子养了几
只可爱的宠物，包括一只漂亮的黑猫。故选B。adoptive收养的； adorable
可爱的； ambitious雄心勃勃的； adaptable有适应能力的。
( ) 2.A.started B.appeared C.lasted D.passed
C
[解析] 根据空后for several years可知，作者和宠物的友谊持续了好几年。
故选C。start启动； appear出现； last持续； pass通过。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 3.A.departed B.claimed
C.beat D.compensated
A
[解析] 根据下文“I forgot how to smile and laugh.”可知，作者忘记了
如何微笑，说明他的妻子离开了他，他也失去了工作。故选A。depart离开；
claim声称；beat击败；compensate 补偿。
( ) 4.A.regret B.silence C.music D.wine
D
[解析] 根据上文“…however, my wife and my job…me.”以及下文
“…eventually quit drinking.”可知，作者失去了工作，而且妻子也离开了
他，所以他开始喝酒，酒成了他的新朋友。故选D。regret后悔；silence沉默；
music音乐；wine酒。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 5.A.adjust B.anger C.arrange D.abandon
B
[解析] 根据下文“As I entered, I saw Pluto was trying to stay out of
my way to…me, which made me annoyed beyond…”可知，自从作者
失去工作，妻子离开了他，酒就成了他的朋友，所以他变得非常易怒。故选B。
adjust调整；anger激怒；arrange排列；abandon放弃。
( ) 6.A.smooth B.flexible C.stable D.uncertain
D
[解析] 根据下文“…I made my way with effort into the house.”可知，
作者费力地走进了屋子，说明他走路不稳，步履蹒跚。故选D。smooth光滑
的； flexible灵活的；stable稳定的；uncertain蹒跚的。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 7.A.avoid B.stop C.bend D.compete
A
[解析] 根据空前“…trying to stay out of my way…”可知，布鲁托看到
作者步履蹒跚地走了进来，所以它试图让路来避开作者。故选A。avoid避开；
stop停止；bend弯曲；compete 竞争。
( ) 8.A.actions B.words C.reason D.reach
B
[解析] 根据空前“…which made me annoyed beyond…”以及下文“I
lifted my foot and gave him a heavy kick…”可知，作者看到布鲁托要
躲开他时，气得无法用语言表达，抬起脚重重地踢了它一脚。故选B。action
行动； word语言； reason原因； reach波及范围。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
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( ) 9.A.constantly B.purposely C.intently D.appropriately
B
[解析] 根据上文“As I entered, I saw Pluto was trying to stay out of
my way to…me, which made me annoyed beyond…”可知，作者当时
非常生气，所以故意重重地踢了猫一脚。故选B。constantly不断地；
purposely故意地；intently聚精会神地；appropriately适当地。
( ) 10.A.storm B.thunder C.rainbow D.lightning
B
[解析] 根据上文“The cat burst into a tragic scream…”可知，猫的惨叫
声就像平静黑夜中的一道雷声。故选B。storm风暴；thunder雷声；rainbow
彩虹；lightning闪电。
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( ) 11.A.awakening B.striking C.knocking D.uplifting
A
[解析] 根据下文“I followed up the cry, calling ‘Pluto’.”可知，作者
因为猫的惨叫声从醉酒中清醒了过来。所以猫的惨叫声就像铃声唤醒了作者。
故选A。awaken唤醒；strike打击；knock敲击；uplift提升。
( ) 12.A.stressed B.frightened C.guilty D.delicate
C
[解析] 根据上文“I felt regretful…”可知，作者此时感到了后悔和内疚，试
图去安慰他的猫。故选C。stressed有压力的；frightened害怕的；guilty内
疚的；delicate精致的。
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( ) 13.A.unforgettable B.unforgivable
C.unaffordable D.unforeseeable
B
[解析] 根据上文“I lifted my foot and gave him a heavy kick…”以及
“No response.”可知，作者因为喝醉酒踢了他的猫，所以他觉得他犯了一
个不可原谅的错误。故选B。unforgettable难忘的； unforgivable不可原谅
的； unaffordable负担不起的； unforeseeable不可预见的。
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( ) 14.A.do away with B.get away with
C.make up with D.catch up with
C
[解析] 根据下文“…feeding him alone and eventually quit drinking.”
可知，作者感到非常后悔和内疚，所以他努力去弥补小猫。故选C。do away
with废除；get away with逃脱惩罚；make up with弥补；catch up with
赶上。
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( ) 15.A.observing B.assisting C.impressing D.surrounding
D
[解析] 根据下文“…and accompanying us in our lives.”可知，作者觉
得应该珍惜我们身边陪伴我们的人和物，比如他的宠物猫。故选D。observe
观察；assist协助；impress(使)印象深刻；surround围绕。
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