Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions 词汇课件(共54张PPT)-2025-2026学年人教版(2019)高中英语必修第一册

(共54张PPT)
Book 1
Unit 4
Words and Expressions
1.slide
vi. & vt. (slid, slid ) (使 ）滑行；滑动
We slid on the ice.
我们在冰上滑行。
slide into（使）滑入; 溜进
The thief slid into the room.
小偷悄悄溜进房间。
landslide land + slide
3. flood
n. 洪水；大量
More than 70 people were killed in the floods.
70多人因洪灾丧生。
vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
Telephone calls flooded in from all over the country.
全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。
The heavy rain flood the village.
大雨淹没了这个村庄。
2. magnitude
n. (地）震级；重大
The Wenchuan earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0.
汶川地震的震级为8.0级。
3. rescue
n.& vt. 营救；救援
rescue workers
What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area
在受灾地区，救援人员和士兵在做什么？
rescue sb./ sth. from… 从……中营救某人/某物
Firefighters rescued a child from a burning building
消防队员从着火的大楼里救出了一个孩子。
救援人员
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
Finally they ______________ (rescue) by helicopter.
(2) It took the firefighters 5 hours to rescue the boy ________ the well.
were rescued
from
4. damage
vt. 损害；破坏
Smoking seriously damages your health.
吸烟严重损害健康。
n.损坏；损失
cause damage to sb/sth 对……引起损害
The earthquake caused serious damage to the house.
地震给这所房子造成了严重的损坏。
do damage to sb/sth 对……造成损害
The storm didn't do much damage to crops.
暴风雨并未对庄稼造成严重损失。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)The accident caused some damage ________ my car, but it's nothing serious.
(2)Smoking seriously ________ (damage) your health.
(3)Several cars ____________ (damage) in the crash which happened last night.
(4)过度日晒会对你的皮肤造成严重损伤。
Too much sun can _____________________ your skin.
to
were damaged
damages
cause serious damage to
5. destroy
vt. 摧毁 ；毁灭
Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.
城里几乎所有的东西都被毁了。
destruction
n. 毁灭；破坏
6. evacuate / v kjue t/
vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离
Almost 88,000 people have been evacuated from the area.
近88, 000人撤离了该地区。
When the forest fires broke out, we were told to evacuate.
当森林大火爆发时，我们被通知撤离。
evacuation
n. 疏散；撤出
7. death
n. 死；死亡
No deaths, and no injuries.
没有人员伤亡。
Two children were burnt to death in the fire.
两个孩子被大火烧死。
die v. 死亡 died, dying
die of/from 死于…
dead adj. 死的；失去生命的
a dead person/animal 死人╱动物
8. affect
vt. 影响；（疾 病 ） 侵袭 ；深深打动
A bad home environment can affect a child's healthy growth.
不良的家庭环境能影响儿童的健康成长。
be affected by...
被……感动/侵袭/影响
effect n. 结果；影响
have a(n)．.. effect on... 对……有……的影响
① She was deeply affected by the news of his death.
他去世的消息使她深感悲痛。
② The quality of education has an effect on the development of society.
教育质量影响社会的发展。
③ Up to now, more than seven million people have been affected by the drought.
截至目前，已有超过700万人受到旱灾的影响。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)In these years, the tax increases ______________ (affect) us all.
(2)We ________________ (affect) by the sufferings of the people in the stricken areas.
(3)他失败的消息让我们十分悲伤。
We ________ deeply ________ by the news that he failed.
(4)这种药对他没有影响。
The medicine ________________ him.
have affected
were
are/were affected
affected
has no effect on
9．shelter
n.避难处；居所；庇护
Shelters were set up by the government.
政府搭建了庇护所。
vt. 保护；掩蔽
shelter sb/sth from sb/sth 保护……免受……
Some parents want to shelter their children from any harm.
有些父母想保护他们的孩子不受任何伤害。
vi. 躲避 （风、雨或危险）
shelter from sth 躲避（风、雨或危险）
We sheltered from the rain in a doorway.
我们在一处门廊里避雨。
10. crack
n.裂纹 ；裂缝
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。
vi. & vt. (使 ）破裂
The little boy failed to crack the walnut.
小男孩没能砸开核桃。
11. ruin
n. 破坏；毁坏；废墟（多用复数）
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.
幸存者无论朝哪里看，除了废墟什么也没有。
be in ruins 成为废墟
vt. 破坏；毁坏
The bad weather ruined our trip.
坏天气毁了我们的旅行。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Heavy smoking ________ (ruin) your health, so you should give up smoking.
(2)Ever since the earthquake, this temple has been ________ ruins.
(3)依我看来，他固执的性格和在工作中的缺点会毁掉他的前途的。
In my opinion, his stubborn character and shortcomings in his work will ________________.
ruins
in
ruin his future
12. shock
n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
The little boy was speechless with shock.
那小男孩惊得说不出话来。
Don't touch that wire or you'll get a shock .
别碰那根电线，不然会触电休克的。
be in shock 震惊/吃惊
vt. (使 ）震惊
The news of his death shocked all of us.
他死亡的消息我们所有的人都感到震惊。
【拓展】
（1）shocked (at) adj. （人感到）惊愕的；受震惊的
（2）shocking adj. 令人震惊的；触目惊心的
I was shocked to hear the shocking news.
听到这个令人震惊的消息，我感到很震惊。
surprised/surprising
amazed/amazing
13. electricity
n.电；电能
The electricity have been cut off.
停电了。
We can use the power of the wind to make electricity．
我们可以使用风力来发电。
electric adj. 用电的；电动的；发电的
electronic adj. 电子的
14. trap
n. 险境；陷阱
A fox was caught in a trap.
一只狐狸掉进了陷阱里。
vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套
be trapped in 困在…中；陷在…中
Some of the workers were trapped in the ruins. 有些工人被困在废墟中。
trap sb into（doing）sth 诱使某人（做）某事
They trapped her into marrying their son.
他们诱使她嫁给他们的儿子。
trick sb into doing sth.
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(1)There was a power failure, they _____________ (trap) in the lift.
(2) By clever questioning they trapped him ________ telling the truth.
were trapped
into
15. bury
vt. 埋葬；安葬
He died at the age of 80 and was buried in his homeland.
他80岁去世了，被安葬在他的家乡。
掩埋；隐藏
①The house was buried under ten feet of snow.
这座房子被埋在十英尺厚的雪中。
②She had learnt to bury her feelings.
她已经学会了感情不外露
bury oneself in… 专心致志于……
I buried myself in my book, I didn't realize it was raining.
我专心致志地看书，没注意到下雨了。
17. breathe
vi.& vt.呼吸
It's good for the health to breathe deeply.
做深呼吸对身体有益。
【拓展】
breath n. 气息；呼吸；一口气
hold one's breath 屏住气
out of breath 上气不接下气
She took a deep breath.
她做了一次深呼吸。
18.revive
vt.& vi复活；（使 ）苏醒
The flowers soon revived in water.
这些花见了水很快就活过来了。
12.revival / r va vl/ n. 振兴；复苏
World trade is showing signs of revival.
世界贸易正显示出复苏的征兆
经济复苏
经济发展
economic revival
economic development
19. effort
n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
You should put more effort into your work.
你应该更加努力地工作。
make an effort 作出努力
He was making an effort to control himself.
他努力控制自己的情绪。
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(低频词汇)If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance, I will try my best to finish the task.
(高频词汇)If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance, I will _________________to finish the task.(升级加黑词汇)
spare no effort
20. wisdom n. 智慧；才智
People must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
人们必须团结一致, 展现智慧，保持积极的心态，重建更光明的未来。
【拓展】
wise adj. 聪明的；有智慧的
She is a wise woman.
她是一个才女。
21. context
n. 上下文；语境；背景
You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the context.
你应该能从上下文语境猜出这个词的含义。
22. suffer
vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. ( 因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
The company suffered heavy losses last year.
公司去年出现巨额亏损。
suffer from 因……而痛苦；患有（疾病等）
Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terrible injuries.
有些人被发现还活着，尽管他们受到了严重的伤。
He appears to be strong and healthy , but he suffers from heart disease.
他看上去强健, 其实他患有心脏病。
23. survive
vt. 幸存；艰难度过 vi.生存；存活
survive sth 从……中幸存下来
She's feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.
她正在喂养地震中幸存的婴儿。
【拓展】
（1）survivor n. 幸存者；生还者
There was only one survivor of the accident.
这次事故中只有一名幸存者。
（2）survival n. 存活；幸存
I think life is a struggle for survival.
我认为生活就是一场奋力求生的斗争。
24. supply
n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品
Our water supply has been cut off.
我们断水了。
Prices change according to supply and demand.
价格受供求关系的影响。
vt. 供应；供给
supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb
向某人提供某物
Cows supply us with milk.
=Cows supply milk to us.
奶牛给我们提供牛奶。
25. power
n.电力供应；力量；控制力
There was no power at school last night. It was so dark.
昨天晚上学校停电了，漆黑一片。
As is known to us, knowledge is power.
众所周知，知识就是力量。
have the power to do sth.
有做某事的能力
beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力
【拓展】
powerful adj. 反义：powerless
（指人）有权势的；有影响力的；（指物）强有力的
China is wealthier and more powerful than ever before.
中国比以往任何时候更加富有和强大。
27. tap / t p/
vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
He tapped me on the shoulder.
他轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀。
n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
Turn the tap on./Turn the tap off.
打开 / 关上龙头。
He never drinks tap water.
他从不喝自来水。
He felt a tap on his shoulder and turned round.
他觉得有人轻轻拍他的肩膀便转过身来。
28. whistle
vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨
The crowd whistled as the player came onto the field.
那队员上场时，人群吹口哨。
n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声
He listened to the whistle of a train.
他听着火车呼啸而过。
blow the whistle
whistle-blower 吹哨人；检举者；揭发者
29. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
emergency room 急诊室
emergency exit 紧急出口
This door should only be used in an emergency.
这道门只能在紧急情况下使用。
emergent adj. 紧急的
29. calm
adj.镇静的；沉着的
keep/stay calm保持镇静
We should stay calm in the face of danger.
我们在危险面前要保持镇静.
vt. 使平静；使镇静
calm sb/sth down 使……平静、安静或镇定下来
He took a deep breath to calm himself down．
他深吸了一口气使自己平静下来。
calmness n. 冷静；平静
[即学即练]　完成句子/用calm, quiet, silent, still填空
(1)在面临危险时，保持镇静是重要的。
It is important ________________ in face of danger.
(2)When he faced difficulties, he stayed ________.
(3)We'll have to be ________ so as not to wake the baby.
(4)You should stand ________ while I take a photo of you.
(5)He kept ________ about the matter and no one else knew it.
to keep clam
clam
quiet
still
silent
30. aid
n.援助；帮助；救援物资
give first aid to sb 对某人急救
with the aid of 在…的帮助下
He succeeded with the aid of a new method.
借助于一种新的方法，他获得了成功。
with the help/assistance of 在…的帮助下
vi.& vt. (正式) 帮助；援助
To aid the poor farmers, the government provided them with a lot of money.
为了帮助贫穷的农民，政府给他们提供了很多钱。
aid sb.in (doing) sth.　 帮助某人做某事
aid sb.with sth.　 以某事/物帮助某人
aid sb.to do sth.　 帮助某人做某事
翻译句子
在政府的帮助下，经济开始复苏。
在医生的帮助下，我成功减肥了。
With the aid/help of the government, the economy starts to revive.
With the aid of the doctor, I managed to lose weight.
31. crash
vi.& vt. 碰撞；撞击
A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus.
货车失控撞上了一辆公共汽车的尾部。
The plane crashed near the island.
那架飞机在岛附近坠毁了。
n. 撞车；碰撞
a car crash 汽车撞车事故
a plane crash 飞机失事
It is said that there were no survivors of the plane crash.
据说这次飞机失事无一人生还。
It is said that there was no one surviving in the plane crash.
32. wave
n.海浪；波浪
Children were playing
in the waves.
孩子们在海浪中嬉戏。
vi.& vt. 挥手；招手
They came to the front door to wave goodbye.
他们来到前门挥手告别。
wave to/at sb.
give sb a wave
向某人招手
33. strike
vi.& vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭;突击;击打
Strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁
They struck the village at night.
他们在晚上对那个村庄发起了攻击。
n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
an air strike 空袭
go on a strike 举行罢工
They went on strike for more money.
他们为了得到更多的钱而罢工。
34. deliver
vt. & vi.递送；传达
The little boy made a living by delivering milk.
这个小男孩通过送牛奶谋生。
deliver sth. to sb.
投递/运送某物给…
vt. 发表
The president will deliver a speech about the economic development.
总统将就经济发展发表讲话。
delivery n.传送；递送；
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(1) The speech ________ (deliver) by the headmaster at the meeting yesterday left a deep impression on his students.
(2) I wonder why you refused to deliver my letters _______ my home last week.
delivered
to
35. summary
n. 总结；概括；概要
There is a summary at the end of each chapter.
每一章节后均附有小结。
in summary 总的来说
In summary, this was an excellent performance.
总的来说，这场演出很精彩。
总的来说，这场比赛对我来说没有任何影响。
（compete）
In summary, the competition makes no difference to me.
all in all; in a word; in general
36. effect
n.影响；结果；效果
have a great/ good/bad/positive / negative effect on
对……产生很大的/好的/坏的/积极的/消极的影响
What parents say or do will have a great effect on their children.
父母所说或所做的一切都会对孩子产生很大的影响。
side effect（药物等起到的）副作用
Headaches are one of the side effects of the drug.
头痛是这种药物的副作用之一。
38. length
n.长；长度
The river is 300 miles in length .
这条河长300英里。
【拓展】
long adj. 长的；长时间的
The river is 300 miles long .
这条河长300英里。
long 长的 length 长度
strong 强壮的 strength 力量
wide 宽的 width 宽度
重点短语
1. as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！
世界似乎要到末日！
2. in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。
3. in shock 震惊；吃惊
People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.
人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。
4. in the open air 露天；在户外
People put up shelters in the open air.
人们在户外搭建庇护所。
5. on hand 现有（尤指帮助）
He has too much work on hand.
他手头的工作太多了。
6. sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge wave.
渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被巨浪冲走了。