Unit3 Environmental Protection一轮复习 导学案（含答案）-2026届高三英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册
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| 名称 | Unit3 Environmental Protection一轮复习 导学案（含答案）-2026届高三英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册 |  | |
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选择性必修第三册 UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
【词句积累】
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.graph n. 图;图表;曲线图
2.seal n. 海豹
3.methane n. 甲烷;沼气
4.carbon n. 碳
5.dioxide n. 二氧化物
6.habitable adj. 适合居住的
7.fossil n. 化石
8.footprint n. 足迹;(某物所占的)空间量;面积
9.basin n. 流域;盆地;盆
10.penguin n. 企鹅
11.implement vt. 使生效;贯彻;执行
12.tropical adj. 热带的;来自热带的
13.nuclear adj. 原子能的;核能的;原子核的
14.jungle n. (热带)丛林;密林
15.smog n. 烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
16.originate vi.& vt. 起源;发源;创立
17.enterprise n. 公司;企业;事业
18.waterway n. 水道;航道
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.melting ice 正融化的冰
2.global ecology 全球生态
3.release heat 释放热量
4.solid fuels 固体燃料
5.comprehensive evidence 全面的证据
6.economic trends 经济趋势
7.an increase in worldwide sales 全球销售额的增长
8.a live broadcast 现场直播
9.make policies 制定政策
10.seize every opportunity 抓住每一个机会
11.restore the river’s original beauty 恢复这条河昔日的美丽
12.undergo tests 经受考验
13.a moderate lifestyle 适度的生活方式
14.in chaos 处于混乱之中
15.garbage disposal 垃圾处理
16.the volume of homework 作业量
17.safety regulations 安全规章
18.reform and opening-up 改革开放
19.dozens of books 很多书
20.a parking fine 违规停车罚款
21.launch a campaign 发起一场运动
22.a built-in agenda 既定日程
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.emission n. 排放物;散发物;排放
emit vt. 散发;发出
2.starve vi.& vt. (使)挨饿;饿死
starvation n. 饥饿;饿死
3.sustain vt. 维持;遭受;承受住
sustainable adj. 可持续的;合理利用的
4.frequently adv. 频繁地;经常
frequent adj. 频繁的
frequency n. 频繁;频率
5.restrict vt. 限制;限定;束缚
restriction n. 限制规定;限制法规;约束
restrictive adj. 限制性的;约束性的
6.harmonious adj. 和谐的
harmony n. 和谐
harmoniously adv. 和谐地
7.submit vt.& vi. 提交;呈递;屈服
submission n. 提交(物);呈递(书);屈服
8.annual adj. 每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴
annually adv. 每年;一年一次地
9.sensitive adj. 敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
sensible adj. 明智的;合理的
sense n. 意识;感官 vt.感觉到;察觉到
10.conservation n. (对环境、文物等)保护;保持
conservative adj. 保守的;守旧的
conserve vt. 保护;保存;节省;节约
11.inspection n. 检查;查看;视察
inspect vt. 检查;视察;检阅
inspector n. 检察员;督察员
12.tolerate vt. 忍受;包容;容许
tolerant adj. 宽容的;容忍的
tolerance n. 容忍
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.have an impact on 对……产生影响
2.end up 最终
3.contribute to 有助于;导致
4.set up 建立;开业;设置
5.carry out 执行,实行;贯彻
6.dozens of 许多;很多
7.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
8.fossil fuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油)
9.on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).(There is little doubt that...)
毫无疑问,地球正变得越来越暖(如图)。
2.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,such as methane and carbon dioxide,trap some of the heat,keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable.(keep+宾语+宾语补足语)
大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体令捕获一些热量,从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。
3.Water pollution levels increased,with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.(with复合结构)
越来越多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中,加重了水污染程度。
4.With these measures,it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.(it+be+过去分词+that)
有了这些举措,相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
5.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide,not only causing serious damage,but also costing human lives.(环境保护)
有确凿、全面的证据表明,温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多,不仅造成严重破坏,而且还使人丧命。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀-ology表示“……科学”
-ology ecology生态学 biology生物学 archaeology考古学 geology地理学 psychology心理学 zoology动物学
【考点突破】
一、热考词汇
1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死(starvation n.饥饿;饿死)
【佳句背诵】
Penniless and starving,the child stood near the road and begged for a meal,otherwise he would starve to death.
(动作描写)这个孩子身无分文又饥肠辘辘,站在路边要饭,否则就会饿死。
starve to death 饿死
be starving for sth/to do sth 渴望某物/做某事
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①After playing soccer for two hours,Jack was starving a big meal and rushed home to eat.
② , because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.(语言学习)
我渴望学好英语,因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。
【教考衔接】
单句语法填空
③But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from (starve) in the wild.(全国Ⅰ卷)
[点津] “渴望某物/做某事”的同义短语:be thirsty/hungry/eager/desperate for sth/to do sth
2.seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制
【佳句背诵】
I seized her by the arm tightly and gazed deep into her eyes,trying to give her courage.(动作描写)
我紧紧地抓住她的胳膊,深深地凝视着她的眼睛,试图给她勇气。
seize sb by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会
·表情感的名词+seize sb=sb be seized with/by+表情感的名词,表示“某人感到……”
【以练促学】
单句写作
①I strongly recommend that .(建议信)
我强烈建议你抓住这个宝贵的机会提高你的英语口语。
②The moment I saw my father’s cloudy face, .(心理描写)
我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸,就感到恐惧。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③To conduct the exercise,all you need is a 2-metre long rope and 3-square-metre standing area. , and jump.(短文投稿;2024·浙江1月卷)
为了进行这种锻炼,你只需要一根两米长的绳子和一个三平方米的站立区域。抓住绳子的两端,然后跳起来。
3.submit vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服[submission n.提交(物);呈递(书);屈服]
【佳句背诵】
After weeks,Lily was excited to submit her final piece to her teacher.(情绪+动作描写)
几周后,莉莉兴奋地将她的最终作品提交给老师。
submit sth to sb 将某物提交给某人
submit (oneself) to 屈从于……
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The name,address,and telephone number of the cartoonist must be included in the (submit).
②Those interested must by May 15.(通知)
感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③David wiped his tears and held his head high,remarking determinedly,“ .”
(语言+动作描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫擦掉眼泪,昂起头,坚定地说道:“我不会屈从于其他人的看法。”
4.tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许(tolerance n.宽恕;忍耐;容忍 tolerant adj.忍耐的;宽容的)
【佳句背诵】
The new teacher tolerated her students’ mistakes because she knew they were trying their best.(心理描写)
新来的老师包容了学生们的错误,因为她知道他们在尽力而为。
tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing sth 忍受(某人)做某事
be tolerant of/towards sb/sth 容忍/宽容某人/某事
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The teacher tolerated the students (chat) during free time,but not when she was giving a lesson.
②She her neighbor’s barking dog because she understood it was just a puppy.
她对邻居吠叫的狗很宽容,因为她知道那只是只小狗。
【教考衔接】
单句语法填空
③Each person,no matter who they are,has psychological imbalances.People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset (tolerate) are much more likely to get angry.Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state,where anger is in the background of your mind.(北京卷)
【片段巩固】
用starve;seize;submit;tolerate完成动作描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:Tom觉得快饿坏了→几乎无法忍受饥饿→知道必须先完成学校的项目→迅速抓紧时间在最后期限前提交了项目→终于享用了一顿丰盛的晚餐→感到很满足
二、一词多义
1.fine /fa n/ vt.对……处以罚款(生义) n.罚款(生义) adj.晴朗的;健康的
①He had to pay a fine for parking his car in a no-parking zone,even though he was only there for a few minutes.
②It was a fine day,with clear skies and warm sunlight,perfect for a walk in the park with friends.
③After a few days of rest,she felt fine again and was ready to return to school.
④After being fined for littering in the park,she realized how important it is to keep public places clean.
2.moderate / m d r t/ adj.适度的;中等的;温和的 / m d reIt/vi.& vt.缓和;使适中(生义)
①He was an easy-going man of very moderate views.
②They are hoping that once in office he can be persuaded to moderate his views.
③Contrary to popular belief,moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite.
3.volume / v lju m/ n. 量;音量;体积;(成套书籍中的)一卷
①The volume of the container measures 10,000 cubic metres.
②The volume of traffic on the roads has increased dramatically in recent years.
③Can you turn the volume up a little,please
④While still an undergraduate,his first slim volume Fighting Terms enjoyed a considerable success.
4.enterprise / ent pra z/ n. 公司;企业;事业;事业心,进取心(生义)
①There are plenty of small industrial enterprises.
②He devoted his entire life to the enterprise of protecting endangered species,hoping to make a lasting impact on the environment.
③Success came quickly,thanks to a mixture of talent,enterprise and luck.
5.release /r li s/ vt.排放;释放;发行,上映(生义) n.发布
①The new film will be released on July 16 in the downtown cinema.
②The kind girl decides to release the bird from the cage.
③The new software is planned for release in April.
④The factory keeps releasing smoke,making the air dirty.
6.fuel / fju l/ n.燃料;刺激性言行(生义) vt.激发
Jack’s dad asked him to help refill the wood stove with fuel① to keep the house warm.Jack’s dad lectured his younger brother,whose remarks added fuel② to the flames of Jack’s father’s rage.Tired and annoyed,Jack struggled to focus on his homework.His mother,noticing his mood,gave him encouragement,which fueled③ his determination to finish his assignments and prove that he could succeed despite the disturbance.
三、写作迁移
句型公式:There is no/little doubt that...“毫无疑问……”
课本原句:There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
毫无疑问,地球正在变得越来越暖(如图)。
【佳句背诵】
There is no doubt that your professional and profound knowledge of English will benefit the students greatly.(邀请信;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
毫无疑问,您专业和深厚的英语知识将使学生受益匪浅。
There is no/little doubt that... 毫无疑问……(that在句中引导同位语从句)
There is some doubt whether... 有……疑问
Sb have/has no doubt that... 某人毫无疑问……
Sb have/has some doubt whether... 某人有……疑问
I don’t/never doubt that... 我确信……
I doubt whether/if... 我怀疑……
【以练促学】
单句写作
① the new student will fit in with the group since he seems quite shy and reserved.
新来的学生是否能融入这个群体还有些疑问,因为他看起来很害羞和内向。
②The coach the team is prepared for the final game.(心理描写)
教练有些怀疑球队是否为决赛做好了准备。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③We it is very meaningful to work with our own hands rather than depend on others.(活动介绍;2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
毫无疑问,用我们自己的双手劳动而不是依靠别人是非常有意义的。
【能力突破练】
维度一 单元知识运用
1.After hours of sitting in class,I was starving (go) outside and play soccer with my friends.
2.As I was about to cross the street without looking,my friend seized me the arm and pulled me back just in time.
3.I had to submit my science project the teacher by the end of the day,so I worked hard to finish it on time.
4.My father doesn’t tolerate (leave) things unfinished;he always makes sure to complete his tasks on time.
5.There is little doubt Tom will be elected class president,as most students seem to support him.
6.It (believe) that students who read regularly perform better in school than those who don’t.
维度二 单元知识拾遗
1. when he saw the kind expression on his friend’s face,and they soon made up.
当他看到朋友脸上善意的表情时,怒气逐渐消散,他们很快就和好了。
2.After moving to a new city,Tom had to ,including adapting to a new school and making new friends.
搬到新城市后,汤姆不得不经历许多变化,包括适应新学校和结交新朋友。
3. , the class monitor thanked the teacher for her hard work and dedication throughout the school year.班长代表全班同学感谢老师在整个学年里的辛勤付出和奉献。
4.Some people , so it’s important to keep the volume down in public places.
有些人对噪音很敏感,因此在公共场所降低音量非常重要。
5. , creating a beautiful and lively scene.
许多鸟儿飞过天空,形成了一幅美丽而生动的景象。
6.The school to encourage students to recycle,hoping to reduce waste and protect the environment.
学校发起了一场鼓励学生回收利用的运动,希望减少浪费、保护环境。
7. so that her cat could come in and out of the house freely.
她让门开着,这样她的猫就可以自由进出屋子。
维度三 单元话题写作(倡议书——环境保护)
假定你是李华,你校学生会即将举办一次以“Earth Guardian”为主题的环境保护运动,请你代表学生会写一封倡议书,倡导大家积极参与该活动,内容包括:1.地球环境的现状;2.该运动的目的和要求;3.号召大家积极参加。
第一步 根据单元知识写美句
1.毫无疑问,许多人类活动对我们的地球母亲造成了巨大的伤害。(There is little doubt that...)
2.我代表学生会提出建议,我们学生应该为环境保护做出一些贡献。(on behalf of;that引导的同位语从句;conservation)
3.为了建设一个更加和谐和可持续的社会,我们发起了一项名为“地球卫士”的运动,旨在采取有效和切实可行的措施来保护环境。(harmonious;sustainable;campaign;which引导的定语从句)
4.对该活动感兴趣的人必须在10月1日之前提交你的申请和相关材料。(submit;定语从句)
5.我真诚地希望你能抓住这个宝贵的机会,立即加入我们。(seize)
第二步 连句成篇创佳作
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ 续写能力提升
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:作者和她最好的朋友Karina是在一次夏令营时认识的,因为她们都喜欢吃植蕉片而成为了好朋友。作者发现她和Karina有很多相同的爱好,她认为她们会成为永远的好朋友。但是有一次,她们两个却产生了分歧。在营地旁边有一片美丽的土地,那里有很多的树,也有很多的动物,她们两个都喜欢去那里玩。但是为了建购物中心,这些树要被砍伐。作者认为这会让动物们失去家园,而Karina却认为建购物中心很好。
场景续写1:
我们意见不合,发生了激烈的争论→我脑海中浮现出倒下的树木和无家可归的松鼠的画面→Karina坚持认为购物中心意味着新的工作机会→我们谁也说服不了谁→也许两个观点相反的人注定不能成为朋友
We disagreed with each other and had a heated argument.
场景续写2:
几天后,我们再次被要求选择一个搭档→我朝Karina看去→当目光相遇时,一种释然和快乐的感觉在我们心中涌起→我们在夏令营中度过了欢乐时光→几个月后,仍然会互相发送我们的猫和烘焙作品的疯狂照片→我明白,没有两个人是完全相同的,即使是最好的朋友有时也会意见不合→重要的是我们尊重彼此并同意保持不同意见
Several days later,again we were asked to pick a partner.
Part Ⅱ 高考同源研探
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D)
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,”said Barnabas Daru,who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable ”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover,these data are biased and favor certain regions,time periods,and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot,”Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
32.What do we know about the records of species collected now
A.They are becoming outdated.
B.They are mostly in electronic form.
C.They are limited in number.
D.They are used for public exhibition.
33.What does Daru’s study focus on
A.Threatened species.
B.Physical specimens.
C.Observational data.
D.Mobile applications.
34.What has led to the biases according to the study
A.Mistakes in data analysis.
B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C.Improper way of sampling.
D.Unreliable data collection devices.
35.What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps
A.Review data from certain areas.
B.Hire experts to check the records.
C.Confirm the identity of the users.
D.Give guidance to citizen scientists.
思维建模
说明文文体特点下的命题偏好
说明文中,命题者通常会坚持以主旨大意和细节理解为主、推理判断和词义猜测为辅的原则。
1.主旨大意题
说明文中的主旨大意题通常会体现文章的标题、文章主题思想、段落大意及阅读人群等。
2.细节理解题
说明文通常突出介绍事件的过程、步骤和方法,同时通过具体的事例、数字、定义或图表等加以说明,所以该文体中的细节理解题常常和这些过程、步骤、方法、事例、数字、定义、图表等相关。
3.推理判断题
为了考查考生的逻辑推理判断能力,说明文中的推理判断题通常要求考生推断出事件发展过程和步骤的重要环节以及作者使用举例和对比等写作手法的具体目的等。
4.词义猜测题
说明文中的词义猜测题的设置通常和定义、概念等有关,这种情况下,说明文中的解释有助于对词汇的理解,解题时考生要注意捕捉这些信息,正确理解相关词汇的意思。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:detect v.发现;shift n.改变; Para.2:application n.应用程序;primary adj.原始的,最初的;investigate v.研究;Para.5:reveal v.揭示;encounter n.相遇;feature n.特征 Para.1:go extinct灭绝;in the form of以……的形式;Para.2:with the rise of随着……的兴起;with the aid of借助于……;respond to对……作出反应;Para.4:tend to do sth易于做某事;Para.5:make sense说得通,有道理; Para.7:inform sb of sth告知某人某事
析 长 难 语 句 Para.2:These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens,and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable [句式分析] 本句是一个并列复合句,前半句中的that作关系代词引导定语从句,修饰先行词the primary data;后半句中的since引导原因状语从句,how引导宾语从句作investigate的宾语。 [尝试翻译] [语言赏析] 这句话通过清晰的因果逻辑、对比和设问等修辞手法,成功地引出文章的核心问题,增强了论证的连贯性和说服力,同时有效地吸引读者的注意力和思考兴趣。
参考答案
【考点突破】
No.1 热考词汇
1.①for ②I am starving to study English well ③starvation
2.①you (should) seize the precious chance to improve your oral English ②panic seized me ③Seize the two ends of the rope
3.①submission ②submit the applications and relevant materials ③I won’t submit (myself) to others’ thoughts
4.①chatting ②was tolerant towards/of ③tolerance
片段巩固
After soccer practice,Tom felt like he was starving.He could hardly tolerate the hunger,but he knew he had to finish his school project first.He quickly seized the time to submit his project before the deadline.Once that was done,he finally treated himself to a big dinner and felt satisfied.
No.2 一词多义/熟词生义
1.①n.罚款 ②adj.晴朗的 ③adj.健康的 ④vt.对……处以罚款
2.①adj.温和的 ②vt.缓和 ③adj.适度的
3.①n.体积 ②n.量 ③n.音量 ④n.(成套书籍中的)一卷
4.①n.公司;企业 ②n.事业 ③n.事业心,进取心
5.①vt.发行 ②vt.释放 ③n.发布 ④vt.排放
6.①n. 燃料 ②n. 刺激性言行 ③vt.激发
No.3 写作迁移
①There is some doubt whether ②has some doubt whether
③don’t doubt that/have no doubt that
【能力突破练】
维度一 1.to go 2.by 3.to 4.leaving 5.that
6.is believed
维度二 1.His anger melted away 2.undergo a lot of changes
3.On behalf of the whole class 4.are sensitive to loud noises 5.There were dozens of birds flying across the sky
6.launched a campaign 7.She kept the door open
维度三 第一步
1.There is little doubt that a great many human activities have caused great damage to our earth mother.
2.On behalf of the students’ council,I make a suggestion that we students should make some contributions to environmental conservation.
3.To build a more harmonious and sustainable society,we have launched a campaign named “Earth Guardian”,which is aimed at taking effective and practical measures to protect the environment.
4.Those who are interested in the campaign must submit your application and relevant materials before October 1st.
5.I sincerely hope that you can seize the precious chance and join us immediately.
第二步
Dear fellow students,
There is little doubt that a great many human activities have caused great damage to our earth mother.Here,on behalf of the students’ council,I make a suggestion that we students should make some contributions to environmental conservation.
To build a more harmonious and sustainable society,we have launched a campaign named “Earth Guardian”,which is aimed at taking effective and practical measures to protect the environment.Those who are interested in the campaign must submit your application and relevant materials before October 1st.
I sincerely hope that you can seize the precious chance and join us immediately.
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ 续写能力提升
【参考范文】
We disagreed with each other and had a heated argument.“That’s terrible! We have to stop that,” I said,with images of fallen trees and homeless squirrels springing to mind.Hearing what I said,Karina,looking at me in the eye,insisted that a shopping center meant new jobs and that people were more important than trees.Neither of us could convince the other.“You know,” Karina said super seriously,“maybe we’re not quite as alike as we thought.” I sighed sadly.Maybe two people with opposite points of view just were not meant to be friends,I was thinking.
Several days later,again we were asked to pick a partner.I cast a look towards Karina,naturally and unconsciously.When our eyes met,a feeling of relief and happiness welled up inside our hearts.We ended up having more fun at the camp.And even a couple of months later,we still send each other crazy pictures of our cats or our baking creations.Now I understand that no two people are exactly alike,and even best friends can sometimes disagree.What’s important is that we respect each other and agree to disagree.Unless a friend does things that are hurtful or mean,a friendship is almost always worth keeping.
Part Ⅱ 高考同源研探
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关生物样本数据的研究。研究人员发现,当前利用技术手段进行生物采样的过程可能存在偏差。文章分析了造成这些偏差的原因,并在最后说明如何完善生物采样数据的科学性。
32.B [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.”可知,现在大多数生物多样性的记录都是以照片、视频和其他电子形式存在的,故选B项。]
33.C [推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“These observations now outnumber...Are they usable ”和第三段可知,Daru的研究重点是这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。所以他的研究聚焦的是“样本(观测)数据”,故选C项。]
34.C [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...like the greater likelihood...right next to it”和第五段可知,收集生物采样数据的人,对于采样区域、采样时段以及采样物种的选择有一定的主观性,这些不当的采样方式会导致收集到的数据产生偏差,故选C项。]
35.D [推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Daru认为biodiversity apps可以根据研究结果引导采样人员关注样本采集不足的地区和物种,鼓励他们让专家确认上传样本图片中的物种名称。因此,Daru建议biodiversity apps给采样人员一些指导意见,结合第五段的“the people who get observational biodiversity data...are often citizen scientists”可知,这里的采样人员指的是公民科学家,故选D项。]
析长难语句
现在,这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据,而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化,我想知道:这些观察数据可靠吗
【词句积累】
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.graph n. 图;图表;曲线图
2.seal n. 海豹
3.methane n. 甲烷;沼气
4.carbon n. 碳
5.dioxide n. 二氧化物
6.habitable adj. 适合居住的
7.fossil n. 化石
8.footprint n. 足迹;(某物所占的)空间量;面积
9.basin n. 流域;盆地;盆
10.penguin n. 企鹅
11.implement vt. 使生效;贯彻;执行
12.tropical adj. 热带的;来自热带的
13.nuclear adj. 原子能的;核能的;原子核的
14.jungle n. (热带)丛林;密林
15.smog n. 烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
16.originate vi.& vt. 起源;发源;创立
17.enterprise n. 公司;企业;事业
18.waterway n. 水道;航道
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.melting ice 正融化的冰
2.global ecology 全球生态
3.release heat 释放热量
4.solid fuels 固体燃料
5.comprehensive evidence 全面的证据
6.economic trends 经济趋势
7.an increase in worldwide sales 全球销售额的增长
8.a live broadcast 现场直播
9.make policies 制定政策
10.seize every opportunity 抓住每一个机会
11.restore the river’s original beauty 恢复这条河昔日的美丽
12.undergo tests 经受考验
13.a moderate lifestyle 适度的生活方式
14.in chaos 处于混乱之中
15.garbage disposal 垃圾处理
16.the volume of homework 作业量
17.safety regulations 安全规章
18.reform and opening-up 改革开放
19.dozens of books 很多书
20.a parking fine 违规停车罚款
21.launch a campaign 发起一场运动
22.a built-in agenda 既定日程
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.emission n. 排放物;散发物;排放
emit vt. 散发;发出
2.starve vi.& vt. (使)挨饿;饿死
starvation n. 饥饿;饿死
3.sustain vt. 维持;遭受;承受住
sustainable adj. 可持续的;合理利用的
4.frequently adv. 频繁地;经常
frequent adj. 频繁的
frequency n. 频繁;频率
5.restrict vt. 限制;限定;束缚
restriction n. 限制规定;限制法规;约束
restrictive adj. 限制性的;约束性的
6.harmonious adj. 和谐的
harmony n. 和谐
harmoniously adv. 和谐地
7.submit vt.& vi. 提交;呈递;屈服
submission n. 提交(物);呈递(书);屈服
8.annual adj. 每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴
annually adv. 每年;一年一次地
9.sensitive adj. 敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
sensible adj. 明智的;合理的
sense n. 意识;感官 vt.感觉到;察觉到
10.conservation n. (对环境、文物等)保护;保持
conservative adj. 保守的;守旧的
conserve vt. 保护;保存;节省;节约
11.inspection n. 检查;查看;视察
inspect vt. 检查;视察;检阅
inspector n. 检察员;督察员
12.tolerate vt. 忍受;包容;容许
tolerant adj. 宽容的;容忍的
tolerance n. 容忍
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.have an impact on 对……产生影响
2.end up 最终
3.contribute to 有助于;导致
4.set up 建立;开业;设置
5.carry out 执行,实行;贯彻
6.dozens of 许多;很多
7.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
8.fossil fuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油)
9.on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).(There is little doubt that...)
毫无疑问,地球正变得越来越暖(如图)。
2.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,such as methane and carbon dioxide,trap some of the heat,keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable.(keep+宾语+宾语补足语)
大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体令捕获一些热量,从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。
3.Water pollution levels increased,with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.(with复合结构)
越来越多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中,加重了水污染程度。
4.With these measures,it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.(it+be+过去分词+that)
有了这些举措,相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
5.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide,not only causing serious damage,but also costing human lives.(环境保护)
有确凿、全面的证据表明,温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多,不仅造成严重破坏,而且还使人丧命。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀-ology表示“……科学”
-ology ecology生态学 biology生物学 archaeology考古学 geology地理学 psychology心理学 zoology动物学
【考点突破】
一、热考词汇
1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死(starvation n.饥饿;饿死)
【佳句背诵】
Penniless and starving,the child stood near the road and begged for a meal,otherwise he would starve to death.
(动作描写)这个孩子身无分文又饥肠辘辘,站在路边要饭,否则就会饿死。
starve to death 饿死
be starving for sth/to do sth 渴望某物/做某事
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①After playing soccer for two hours,Jack was starving a big meal and rushed home to eat.
② , because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.(语言学习)
我渴望学好英语,因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。
【教考衔接】
单句语法填空
③But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from (starve) in the wild.(全国Ⅰ卷)
[点津] “渴望某物/做某事”的同义短语:be thirsty/hungry/eager/desperate for sth/to do sth
2.seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制
【佳句背诵】
I seized her by the arm tightly and gazed deep into her eyes,trying to give her courage.(动作描写)
我紧紧地抓住她的胳膊,深深地凝视着她的眼睛,试图给她勇气。
seize sb by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会
·表情感的名词+seize sb=sb be seized with/by+表情感的名词,表示“某人感到……”
【以练促学】
单句写作
①I strongly recommend that .(建议信)
我强烈建议你抓住这个宝贵的机会提高你的英语口语。
②The moment I saw my father’s cloudy face, .(心理描写)
我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸,就感到恐惧。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③To conduct the exercise,all you need is a 2-metre long rope and 3-square-metre standing area. , and jump.(短文投稿;2024·浙江1月卷)
为了进行这种锻炼,你只需要一根两米长的绳子和一个三平方米的站立区域。抓住绳子的两端,然后跳起来。
3.submit vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服[submission n.提交(物);呈递(书);屈服]
【佳句背诵】
After weeks,Lily was excited to submit her final piece to her teacher.(情绪+动作描写)
几周后,莉莉兴奋地将她的最终作品提交给老师。
submit sth to sb 将某物提交给某人
submit (oneself) to 屈从于……
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The name,address,and telephone number of the cartoonist must be included in the (submit).
②Those interested must by May 15.(通知)
感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③David wiped his tears and held his head high,remarking determinedly,“ .”
(语言+动作描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫擦掉眼泪,昂起头,坚定地说道:“我不会屈从于其他人的看法。”
4.tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许(tolerance n.宽恕;忍耐;容忍 tolerant adj.忍耐的;宽容的)
【佳句背诵】
The new teacher tolerated her students’ mistakes because she knew they were trying their best.(心理描写)
新来的老师包容了学生们的错误,因为她知道他们在尽力而为。
tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing sth 忍受(某人)做某事
be tolerant of/towards sb/sth 容忍/宽容某人/某事
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The teacher tolerated the students (chat) during free time,but not when she was giving a lesson.
②She her neighbor’s barking dog because she understood it was just a puppy.
她对邻居吠叫的狗很宽容,因为她知道那只是只小狗。
【教考衔接】
单句语法填空
③Each person,no matter who they are,has psychological imbalances.People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset (tolerate) are much more likely to get angry.Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state,where anger is in the background of your mind.(北京卷)
【片段巩固】
用starve;seize;submit;tolerate完成动作描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:Tom觉得快饿坏了→几乎无法忍受饥饿→知道必须先完成学校的项目→迅速抓紧时间在最后期限前提交了项目→终于享用了一顿丰盛的晚餐→感到很满足
二、一词多义
1.fine /fa n/ vt.对……处以罚款(生义) n.罚款(生义) adj.晴朗的;健康的
①He had to pay a fine for parking his car in a no-parking zone,even though he was only there for a few minutes.
②It was a fine day,with clear skies and warm sunlight,perfect for a walk in the park with friends.
③After a few days of rest,she felt fine again and was ready to return to school.
④After being fined for littering in the park,she realized how important it is to keep public places clean.
2.moderate / m d r t/ adj.适度的;中等的;温和的 / m d reIt/vi.& vt.缓和;使适中(生义)
①He was an easy-going man of very moderate views.
②They are hoping that once in office he can be persuaded to moderate his views.
③Contrary to popular belief,moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite.
3.volume / v lju m/ n. 量;音量;体积;(成套书籍中的)一卷
①The volume of the container measures 10,000 cubic metres.
②The volume of traffic on the roads has increased dramatically in recent years.
③Can you turn the volume up a little,please
④While still an undergraduate,his first slim volume Fighting Terms enjoyed a considerable success.
4.enterprise / ent pra z/ n. 公司;企业;事业;事业心,进取心(生义)
①There are plenty of small industrial enterprises.
②He devoted his entire life to the enterprise of protecting endangered species,hoping to make a lasting impact on the environment.
③Success came quickly,thanks to a mixture of talent,enterprise and luck.
5.release /r li s/ vt.排放;释放;发行,上映(生义) n.发布
①The new film will be released on July 16 in the downtown cinema.
②The kind girl decides to release the bird from the cage.
③The new software is planned for release in April.
④The factory keeps releasing smoke,making the air dirty.
6.fuel / fju l/ n.燃料;刺激性言行(生义) vt.激发
Jack’s dad asked him to help refill the wood stove with fuel① to keep the house warm.Jack’s dad lectured his younger brother,whose remarks added fuel② to the flames of Jack’s father’s rage.Tired and annoyed,Jack struggled to focus on his homework.His mother,noticing his mood,gave him encouragement,which fueled③ his determination to finish his assignments and prove that he could succeed despite the disturbance.
三、写作迁移
句型公式:There is no/little doubt that...“毫无疑问……”
课本原句:There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
毫无疑问,地球正在变得越来越暖(如图)。
【佳句背诵】
There is no doubt that your professional and profound knowledge of English will benefit the students greatly.(邀请信;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
毫无疑问,您专业和深厚的英语知识将使学生受益匪浅。
There is no/little doubt that... 毫无疑问……(that在句中引导同位语从句)
There is some doubt whether... 有……疑问
Sb have/has no doubt that... 某人毫无疑问……
Sb have/has some doubt whether... 某人有……疑问
I don’t/never doubt that... 我确信……
I doubt whether/if... 我怀疑……
【以练促学】
单句写作
① the new student will fit in with the group since he seems quite shy and reserved.
新来的学生是否能融入这个群体还有些疑问,因为他看起来很害羞和内向。
②The coach the team is prepared for the final game.(心理描写)
教练有些怀疑球队是否为决赛做好了准备。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③We it is very meaningful to work with our own hands rather than depend on others.(活动介绍;2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
毫无疑问,用我们自己的双手劳动而不是依靠别人是非常有意义的。
【能力突破练】
维度一 单元知识运用
1.After hours of sitting in class,I was starving (go) outside and play soccer with my friends.
2.As I was about to cross the street without looking,my friend seized me the arm and pulled me back just in time.
3.I had to submit my science project the teacher by the end of the day,so I worked hard to finish it on time.
4.My father doesn’t tolerate (leave) things unfinished;he always makes sure to complete his tasks on time.
5.There is little doubt Tom will be elected class president,as most students seem to support him.
6.It (believe) that students who read regularly perform better in school than those who don’t.
维度二 单元知识拾遗
1. when he saw the kind expression on his friend’s face,and they soon made up.
当他看到朋友脸上善意的表情时,怒气逐渐消散,他们很快就和好了。
2.After moving to a new city,Tom had to ,including adapting to a new school and making new friends.
搬到新城市后,汤姆不得不经历许多变化,包括适应新学校和结交新朋友。
3. , the class monitor thanked the teacher for her hard work and dedication throughout the school year.班长代表全班同学感谢老师在整个学年里的辛勤付出和奉献。
4.Some people , so it’s important to keep the volume down in public places.
有些人对噪音很敏感,因此在公共场所降低音量非常重要。
5. , creating a beautiful and lively scene.
许多鸟儿飞过天空,形成了一幅美丽而生动的景象。
6.The school to encourage students to recycle,hoping to reduce waste and protect the environment.
学校发起了一场鼓励学生回收利用的运动,希望减少浪费、保护环境。
7. so that her cat could come in and out of the house freely.
她让门开着,这样她的猫就可以自由进出屋子。
维度三 单元话题写作(倡议书——环境保护)
假定你是李华,你校学生会即将举办一次以“Earth Guardian”为主题的环境保护运动,请你代表学生会写一封倡议书,倡导大家积极参与该活动,内容包括:1.地球环境的现状;2.该运动的目的和要求;3.号召大家积极参加。
第一步 根据单元知识写美句
1.毫无疑问,许多人类活动对我们的地球母亲造成了巨大的伤害。(There is little doubt that...)
2.我代表学生会提出建议,我们学生应该为环境保护做出一些贡献。(on behalf of;that引导的同位语从句;conservation)
3.为了建设一个更加和谐和可持续的社会,我们发起了一项名为“地球卫士”的运动,旨在采取有效和切实可行的措施来保护环境。(harmonious;sustainable;campaign;which引导的定语从句)
4.对该活动感兴趣的人必须在10月1日之前提交你的申请和相关材料。(submit;定语从句)
5.我真诚地希望你能抓住这个宝贵的机会,立即加入我们。(seize)
第二步 连句成篇创佳作
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ 续写能力提升
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:作者和她最好的朋友Karina是在一次夏令营时认识的,因为她们都喜欢吃植蕉片而成为了好朋友。作者发现她和Karina有很多相同的爱好,她认为她们会成为永远的好朋友。但是有一次,她们两个却产生了分歧。在营地旁边有一片美丽的土地,那里有很多的树,也有很多的动物,她们两个都喜欢去那里玩。但是为了建购物中心,这些树要被砍伐。作者认为这会让动物们失去家园,而Karina却认为建购物中心很好。
场景续写1:
我们意见不合,发生了激烈的争论→我脑海中浮现出倒下的树木和无家可归的松鼠的画面→Karina坚持认为购物中心意味着新的工作机会→我们谁也说服不了谁→也许两个观点相反的人注定不能成为朋友
We disagreed with each other and had a heated argument.
场景续写2:
几天后,我们再次被要求选择一个搭档→我朝Karina看去→当目光相遇时,一种释然和快乐的感觉在我们心中涌起→我们在夏令营中度过了欢乐时光→几个月后,仍然会互相发送我们的猫和烘焙作品的疯狂照片→我明白,没有两个人是完全相同的,即使是最好的朋友有时也会意见不合→重要的是我们尊重彼此并同意保持不同意见
Several days later,again we were asked to pick a partner.
Part Ⅱ 高考同源研探
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D)
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,”said Barnabas Daru,who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable ”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover,these data are biased and favor certain regions,time periods,and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot,”Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
32.What do we know about the records of species collected now
A.They are becoming outdated.
B.They are mostly in electronic form.
C.They are limited in number.
D.They are used for public exhibition.
33.What does Daru’s study focus on
A.Threatened species.
B.Physical specimens.
C.Observational data.
D.Mobile applications.
34.What has led to the biases according to the study
A.Mistakes in data analysis.
B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C.Improper way of sampling.
D.Unreliable data collection devices.
35.What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps
A.Review data from certain areas.
B.Hire experts to check the records.
C.Confirm the identity of the users.
D.Give guidance to citizen scientists.
思维建模
说明文文体特点下的命题偏好
说明文中,命题者通常会坚持以主旨大意和细节理解为主、推理判断和词义猜测为辅的原则。
1.主旨大意题
说明文中的主旨大意题通常会体现文章的标题、文章主题思想、段落大意及阅读人群等。
2.细节理解题
说明文通常突出介绍事件的过程、步骤和方法,同时通过具体的事例、数字、定义或图表等加以说明,所以该文体中的细节理解题常常和这些过程、步骤、方法、事例、数字、定义、图表等相关。
3.推理判断题
为了考查考生的逻辑推理判断能力,说明文中的推理判断题通常要求考生推断出事件发展过程和步骤的重要环节以及作者使用举例和对比等写作手法的具体目的等。
4.词义猜测题
说明文中的词义猜测题的设置通常和定义、概念等有关,这种情况下,说明文中的解释有助于对词汇的理解,解题时考生要注意捕捉这些信息,正确理解相关词汇的意思。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:detect v.发现;shift n.改变; Para.2:application n.应用程序;primary adj.原始的,最初的;investigate v.研究;Para.5:reveal v.揭示;encounter n.相遇;feature n.特征 Para.1:go extinct灭绝;in the form of以……的形式;Para.2:with the rise of随着……的兴起;with the aid of借助于……;respond to对……作出反应;Para.4:tend to do sth易于做某事;Para.5:make sense说得通,有道理; Para.7:inform sb of sth告知某人某事
析 长 难 语 句 Para.2:These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens,and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable [句式分析] 本句是一个并列复合句,前半句中的that作关系代词引导定语从句,修饰先行词the primary data;后半句中的since引导原因状语从句,how引导宾语从句作investigate的宾语。 [尝试翻译] [语言赏析] 这句话通过清晰的因果逻辑、对比和设问等修辞手法,成功地引出文章的核心问题,增强了论证的连贯性和说服力,同时有效地吸引读者的注意力和思考兴趣。
参考答案
【考点突破】
No.1 热考词汇
1.①for ②I am starving to study English well ③starvation
2.①you (should) seize the precious chance to improve your oral English ②panic seized me ③Seize the two ends of the rope
3.①submission ②submit the applications and relevant materials ③I won’t submit (myself) to others’ thoughts
4.①chatting ②was tolerant towards/of ③tolerance
片段巩固
After soccer practice,Tom felt like he was starving.He could hardly tolerate the hunger,but he knew he had to finish his school project first.He quickly seized the time to submit his project before the deadline.Once that was done,he finally treated himself to a big dinner and felt satisfied.
No.2 一词多义/熟词生义
1.①n.罚款 ②adj.晴朗的 ③adj.健康的 ④vt.对……处以罚款
2.①adj.温和的 ②vt.缓和 ③adj.适度的
3.①n.体积 ②n.量 ③n.音量 ④n.(成套书籍中的)一卷
4.①n.公司;企业 ②n.事业 ③n.事业心,进取心
5.①vt.发行 ②vt.释放 ③n.发布 ④vt.排放
6.①n. 燃料 ②n. 刺激性言行 ③vt.激发
No.3 写作迁移
①There is some doubt whether ②has some doubt whether
③don’t doubt that/have no doubt that
【能力突破练】
维度一 1.to go 2.by 3.to 4.leaving 5.that
6.is believed
维度二 1.His anger melted away 2.undergo a lot of changes
3.On behalf of the whole class 4.are sensitive to loud noises 5.There were dozens of birds flying across the sky
6.launched a campaign 7.She kept the door open
维度三 第一步
1.There is little doubt that a great many human activities have caused great damage to our earth mother.
2.On behalf of the students’ council,I make a suggestion that we students should make some contributions to environmental conservation.
3.To build a more harmonious and sustainable society,we have launched a campaign named “Earth Guardian”,which is aimed at taking effective and practical measures to protect the environment.
4.Those who are interested in the campaign must submit your application and relevant materials before October 1st.
5.I sincerely hope that you can seize the precious chance and join us immediately.
第二步
Dear fellow students,
There is little doubt that a great many human activities have caused great damage to our earth mother.Here,on behalf of the students’ council,I make a suggestion that we students should make some contributions to environmental conservation.
To build a more harmonious and sustainable society,we have launched a campaign named “Earth Guardian”,which is aimed at taking effective and practical measures to protect the environment.Those who are interested in the campaign must submit your application and relevant materials before October 1st.
I sincerely hope that you can seize the precious chance and join us immediately.
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ 续写能力提升
【参考范文】
We disagreed with each other and had a heated argument.“That’s terrible! We have to stop that,” I said,with images of fallen trees and homeless squirrels springing to mind.Hearing what I said,Karina,looking at me in the eye,insisted that a shopping center meant new jobs and that people were more important than trees.Neither of us could convince the other.“You know,” Karina said super seriously,“maybe we’re not quite as alike as we thought.” I sighed sadly.Maybe two people with opposite points of view just were not meant to be friends,I was thinking.
Several days later,again we were asked to pick a partner.I cast a look towards Karina,naturally and unconsciously.When our eyes met,a feeling of relief and happiness welled up inside our hearts.We ended up having more fun at the camp.And even a couple of months later,we still send each other crazy pictures of our cats or our baking creations.Now I understand that no two people are exactly alike,and even best friends can sometimes disagree.What’s important is that we respect each other and agree to disagree.Unless a friend does things that are hurtful or mean,a friendship is almost always worth keeping.
Part Ⅱ 高考同源研探
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关生物样本数据的研究。研究人员发现,当前利用技术手段进行生物采样的过程可能存在偏差。文章分析了造成这些偏差的原因,并在最后说明如何完善生物采样数据的科学性。
32.B [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.”可知,现在大多数生物多样性的记录都是以照片、视频和其他电子形式存在的,故选B项。]
33.C [推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“These observations now outnumber...Are they usable ”和第三段可知,Daru的研究重点是这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。所以他的研究聚焦的是“样本(观测)数据”,故选C项。]
34.C [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...like the greater likelihood...right next to it”和第五段可知,收集生物采样数据的人,对于采样区域、采样时段以及采样物种的选择有一定的主观性,这些不当的采样方式会导致收集到的数据产生偏差,故选C项。]
35.D [推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Daru认为biodiversity apps可以根据研究结果引导采样人员关注样本采集不足的地区和物种,鼓励他们让专家确认上传样本图片中的物种名称。因此,Daru建议biodiversity apps给采样人员一些指导意见,结合第五段的“the people who get observational biodiversity data...are often citizen scientists”可知,这里的采样人员指的是公民科学家,故选D项。]
析长难语句
现在,这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据,而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化,我想知道:这些观察数据可靠吗