Unit 3 War and peace
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
【课前自主探究】
Task 1: Fast Reading
1.large numbers 2.6 June 3.The fiercest fighting
4.a success 5.memorial ceremonies
Task 2: Careful Reading
1—4 CBCD
Task 3: Micro-writing
1.unusual 2.made 3.largest 4.from 5.was issued
6.to reach 7.dead 8.the 9.Despite 10.beginning
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.(1)objective (2)objected to building
2.(1)barely (2)①her feet were bare ②had barely/hardly/scarcely come out when
3.(1)①传达 ②跨越,穿过 (2)①got down to ②get away from ③get through ④get over
4.(1)①memorial ②memorable ③memorize (2)①in memory of
②The most memorable part
句型透视
1.(1)①accommodating ②discovered (2)①organized by our Students’ Union ②serving a wide variety of ③located in
2.(1)①consisting ②broken ③to do (2)①with the door open; the door open ②with her back towards the door; her back towards the door ③With the girl staring at him; The girl staring at him
3.①exhausted and shocked ②cold and hungry ③Unable to contain my curiosityUnit 3 War and peace
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.1.recall 2.outstanding 3.memorial 4.tide 5.parachute
Ⅱ.1.liberation 2.violence 3.barely 4.drowned/was drowned 5.to 6.objective 7.lowered 8.horrible
Ⅲ.1.was freed from 2.meet up with 3.in large numbers
4.get across 5.objected to
Ⅳ.1.full of apologies 2.forming in your mind 3.the fear inside turning into constant crying 4.bought on the Internet
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者结合身边的例子和亲身经历,指出文化差异可能导致误解和冲突。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段“Freshly arriving in Brazil, and not being able to look up on the Internet, he offended his hosts by making a hand gesture—a circle with the thumb and index finger. He had always understood it to mean ‘OK’, but in Brazil, it meant something different.”及第二段“The incident was quickly forgotten.My father’s colleague understood that he probably wasn’t yet aware of the local meaning of the gesture.”可知,去别人家里吃饭是生活中常见的场景,父亲下意识的“OK”手势导致了误会。由此可推知,父亲的故事表明文化差异很常见。故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段“After I replied to a friend’s WeChat message with a Van Gogh sticker that I thought meant ‘keep fighting’, another friend told me I used it wrong.”可知,作者打算用凡·高的微信表情包来鼓励他的朋友。故选C。
3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段“But when context is absent or simply differently understood—especially in the social media—perhaps it is time we all thought twice before typing or talking, especially when the consequences can be more severe than the misuse of a WeChat sticker.”可知,如果没有语境或对语境有不同的理解,这种情况可能会导致文化冲突。故选C。
4.D 主旨大意题。通读全文,并根据倒数第二段“Yet, many conflicts come from misunderstanding, and history is full of the unfortunate outcomes of cross-cultural communication.”可知,本文作者结合身边的例子和亲身经历,指出文化差异可能导致误解和冲突。故D选项“跨文化交际”最适合当文章标题。故选D。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了美国大沼泽地国家公园的现状。专家认为公园的生态平衡遭到破坏,但保护措施也正在持续实施。
1.C 根据上文“Everglades National Park is the largest subtropical (亚热带的) wilderness in the US.”和下文“It is also the third largest national park in the lower forty-eight states, after Death Valley and Yellowstone.”可知,第一段整段介绍了大沼泽地国家公园的特点。C选项(这个公园是一些稀有和濒危物种的家园。)也是该公园的一个特点。故选C。
2.F 空处为段落主题句。根据下文“The expansive wetlands stretch across more than six hundred thousand hectares. It is a place where plants and animals from the Caribbean Sea share an ecosystem with native North American species.”可知,本段主要介绍了大沼泽地国家公园的生物多样性。F项(大沼泽地国家公园被认为是世界上伟大的生物奇迹之一。)符合语境。故选F。
3.G 根据上文“The Everglades is home to about fifteen species that federal officials say are threatened and endangered.”可知,G项(它们包括佛罗里达豹、美洲鳄鱼和西印度海牛。)符合语境,承接上文,是对上文濒危物种的举例说明。故选G。
4.B 空处为段落主题句。根据本段中mangrove trees(红树林)、Gumbo-limbo trees(裂榄)、strangler figs and royal palms(绞杀榕和王棕)等内容可知,本段介绍了大沼泽地国家公园的奇异植物。B项(到大沼泽地国家公园的游客会看到许多奇异的植物。)符合语境。故选B。
5.A 根据上文“They say the balance of nature there has been destroyed.”以及下文“However, efforts to protect the area are continuing so people from all over the world may continue visiting this biological treasure.”可知,A项(大沼泽地国家公园的未来还不清楚。)符合语境,承接上文,且与下文构成转折。故选A。
Ⅶ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了孙武及其著作《孙子兵法》的一些理念。
1.influential 考查形容词。空格处应用形容词作定语,修饰名词短语military books,influence的形容词是influential,意为“有影响力的”,故填influential。
2.has been read 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据for more than 2,000 years并联系语境可知,空格处应用现在完成时,《孙子兵法》这本书是被读,因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态,主语Sun Zi Bing Fa, or The Art of War是单数,因此空格处是has been read,故填has been read。
3.composed 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是moved和completed,空格处应用非谓语动词,be composed of “由……组成”,故填composed。
4.where 考查定语从句。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,先行词work表示抽象地点,因此空格处应用关系副词where,故填where。
5.analysing 考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth是固定短语,意为“建议做某事”,因此空格处应用动名词analysing作宾语,故填analysing。
6.with 考查介词。根据句意可知,句子表示“他强调得胜的将军必须像熟悉自己一样熟悉敌人”,空格处应是“he is familiar with”,为了避免重复,省去he is familiar,保留介词with,故填with。
7.effectiveness 考查名词。根据the和of可知,空格处应填名词,effective的名词是effectiveness,是不可数名词。故填effectiveness。
8.the 考查冠词。空格处应用定冠词the,特指战争的本质。故填the。
9.to defeat 考查非谓语动词。根据空前的the supreme art and goal可知,空格处应用不定式作表语,故填to defeat。
10.uniquely 考查副词。空格处应用副词uniquely修饰动词remind。故填uniquely。Unit 3 War and peace
Two people, father and son, who had lived in total isolation (隔离) from society for 40 years in a remote jungle in central Vietnam, have been brought back to normal life. To survive, they ate fruits, corn and only had clothes made of tree bark. They even built a tree house.
They are Ho Van Thanh, 82, and his son, Ho Van Lang, 42, who were found by some local people while they were travelling in a deep forest. Very surprised by abnormal appearances, gestures and manners of the “jungle men”, these people reported their finding to the local government, who set up a team to look for them, and after five hours of search in the forest, they caught the father and son staying in a small hut built on some branches of a large tree.
Due to being isolated from social contact for a long time, both the father and the son could only speak a little of the language of the local place.
After carrying out an investigation into the men’s identity, they found that Thanh once lived a normal life with his family at a local village 40 years ago. But one day at that time, a bombing happened in the village, killing Thanh’s wife and two of his three children on the spot. It is suspected that due to the shock, Thanh took his remaining son, two years old at the time, and ran away into this jungle. He and the son, Ho Van Lang, had since lived their lonely life, without contact with anyone. Their daily foods were fruits and manioc(木薯) they found in the forest. It is believed that they also planted corn for food.
The district government has asked the local health agency to make medical check-ups for the father and the son, the first step in a process to get them back to society.
【主题词句背诵】
1.remote adj. 偏远的,偏僻的
2.abnormal adj. 不正常的
3.carry out 执行,实施
4.on the spot 当场
5.Two people, father and son, who had lived in total isolation(隔离) from society for 40 years in a remote jungle in central Vietnam, have been brought back to normal life.
一对父子在越南中部一片偏远的丛林里与世隔绝地生活了40年后,恢复了正常的生活。
6.But one day at that time, a bombing happened in the village, killing Thanh’s wife and two of his three children on the spot.
但在那个时候的一天,村子里发生了轰炸,当场炸死了Thanh的妻子和他三个孩子中的两个。
7.It is suspected that due to the shock, Thanh took his remaining son, two years old at the time, and ran away into this jungle.
人们猜测,由于受到惊吓,Thanh带着他剩下的、当时两岁的儿子,跑进了这片丛林。
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
Task 1: Fast Reading
Task 2: Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
( )1.How did thousands of soldiers land behind enemy lines in northern France
A.By boat.
B.By riding tanks.
C.By parachute.
D.On foot.
( )2.By saying “But this is the year 1944…The tide has turned!”, Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower meant .
A.the weather was getting worse
B.the war situation was changing for the better
C.the war was going to be over
D.the battle was becoming tougher to win
( )3.Which one can replace the phrase “made it”in Paragraph 4
A.Arrived in time.
B.Successfully arrived.
C.Survived.
D.Set time.
( )4.Where did the Allied forces meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east
A.France. B.Britain.
C.Russia. D.Germany.
Task 3: Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years. But along the south coast of England, something 1. (usual) was happening: masses of allied troops 2. (make) up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering. Code-named “Operation Overlord”, it was the 3. (large) combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north-west Europe 4. German occupation.
An order 5. (issue) by Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower to the troops. At dawn, thousands landed behind enemy lines in northern France. Meanwhile,thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy. Their objective was 6. (reach) the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline. By mid-morning, hundreds lay 7. (die) in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach. By the end of August 1944, the Allies had reached the River Seine, Paris was liberated and 8. Germans had been removed from north-west France.
9. the high cost in human life, the D-Day landings were seen widely as the 10. (begin) of the end of the Second World War.
Seventy years later, survivors of the D-Day landings continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day.
1.objective n. 目的,目标 adj. 客观的;基于事实的;宾格的
(教材P35) Their objective was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline. 他们的目标很明确:沿着大约80公里的法国海岸线到达诺曼底海滩。
(1)with the objective of…
带有……的目标
(2)object n. 物体,东西;目的;对象
v. 不同意,不赞成,反对
object to (doing) sth 反对/不同意(做)某事
(3)objectively adv. 客观地
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the (object) of discovering a new treatment for malaria.
(2)完成句子
Many local people the new airport, which led to the failure of the plan.
许多当地人反对修建新机场,这导致了计划的失败。
2.barely adv.勉强才能;几乎不,几乎没有;刚好;刚才,刚刚
(教材P35) One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him… 一名士兵回忆起炸弹落在他的周围时,他如何勉强存活下来……
(1)had barely/scarcely/hardly done when…
刚刚做完……这时……
(2)bare adj.
裸体的,裸露的;(树木)光秃秃的;空的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[2023·浙江1月考] She was covered in spider-webs and was (bare) able to move her wings.
(2)完成句子
①She was wearing only a thin robe, and .
她只穿了件薄袍子,还光着双脚。(读后续写之人物外貌描写)
②The mouse the cat caught it.
老鼠刚一出来就被猫逮住了。
3.get across 穿过(马路、河等);被传达;被理解;把……讲清楚
(教材P35) The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit.
第七个人是下一个穿过海滩而没被击中的人。
get around 四处走动;(新闻或消息等)传开
get away (from) 离开,摆脱
get over 克服,战胜
get through 做完;接通电话
get (sb) through (sth) (帮助某人)渡过难关,熬过困难时期;(使某人)通过(考试等)
get down to 开始认真做(to为介词)
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①What is the message that you want to get across on earth
②The frontier is so well guarded that no one can get across.
(2)用get相关短语的适当形式填空
①The moment they arrived at the office, they preparing for the meeting on promoting new products.
②I need to the pressure of work and relax myself properly.
③I tried calling you several times but I couldn’t .
④It took me a very long time to the shock of her death.
4.memorial adj. 纪念的,追悼的 n. 纪念碑(或像等);纪念物
(教材P36) Seventy years later, men who had fought on D-Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel, where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.七十年后,那些在诺曼底登陆战役中作战的人聚集在英吉利海峡的两边,在那里人们聚集在一起举行纪念仪式。
(1)memory n. 记忆力;记性;回忆;记忆
in memory of sb 作为对某人的纪念
(2)memorize vt. 记住,记忆
(3)memorable adj. 值得纪念的,难忘的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The museum will serve as a (memory) to the millions who passed through Ellis Island.
②Her speech was so (memory) that her words often rang in my ears.
③He studied his map, trying to (memory) the way to Rose’s street.
(2)完成句子
①He founded the charity his late wife.
他创办了这一慈善机构以纪念他已故的妻子。(应用文写作之新闻报道)
② of our trip was a visit to the magnificent Potala Palace.
我们旅行中最难忘的部分是参观宏伟的布达拉宫。(话题写作之旅行)
1.(教材P34)But along the south coast of England, something unusual was happening: Allied troops made up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers.但在英国南部海岸,一些不寻常的事情正在发生:主要由英国、加拿大和美国士兵组成的盟军正在大量集结。
(教材P36)The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany, where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east.盟军随后准备进入德国,在那里他们将与从东面进入的苏联军队会师。
过去分词/现在分词作定语
句型公式
【句式点拨】
made up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers和moving in from the east分别是过去分词短语和现在分词短语作定语修饰前面的名词,相当于定语从句that/which were made up mainly of…和that/which were moving in from the east。
【归纳拓展】
当名词与非谓语是逻辑上的被动关系,且表示已经完成或者没有时间意义,要用过去分词作定语。如果名词与非谓语是逻辑上的主动关系,则要用现在分词作定语。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The newly-built hotel is a place with modern style (accommodate) 300 people at once.
②So far nobody has claimed the mobile phone (discover) in the library.
(2)完成句子
①[2023·浙江1月考应用文写作] Last weekend, I participated in a “Getting to know the plants around us” activity .
上周末,我参加了学生会组织的“了解我们身边的植物”活动。(应用文写作之新闻报道)
②This is a restaurant ethnic foods.
这是一家供应各种民族风味食品的餐馆。(话题写作之饮食文化)
③Fanjing Mountain, Tongren City,Guizhou Province,has made it on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
位于贵州省铜仁市的梵净山已被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。(话题写作之遗产保护)
2.(教材P34)Code-named “Operation Overlord”, it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation.代号为“霸王行动”,这是历史上规模最大的海陆空联合行动,目的是将欧洲西北部从德国占领中解放出来。
独立主格结构
句型公式
【句式点拨】
the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation是独立主格结构,the aim 与being是逻辑上的主动关系。
【归纳拓展】
独立主格结构在句中常作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。独立主格结构多用于书面语,较为正式,平时多以with的复合结构代替。
独立主格结构:
名词/代词+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/to do/doing/done
[温馨提示] (1)①当名词/代词与其后的动词构成逻辑上的主动关系,且动作尚未发生时,用to do;
②当名词/代词与其后的动词构成逻辑上的主动关系,且动作正在进行时,用doing;
③当名词/代词与其后的动词构成逻辑上的被动关系,且动作已经发生时,用done。
(2)独立主格结构前面加上with就变成with的复合结构。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Unlike most of the Netherlands,Hilversum is actually in a hilly area, the soil mostly (consist) of sand.
②Her glasses (break), she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard clearly.
③With lots of homework (do), I can’t go to the cinema tonight.
(2)一句多译
①→He fell asleep on the sofa, .(with复合结构)
→He fell asleep on the sofa, .(独立主格结构)
门开着,他在沙发上睡着了。(读后续写之动作描写)
②→Mary was sitting near the fire, .(with复合结构)
→Mary was sitting near the fire, .(独立主格结构)
玛丽在炉火旁坐着,背对着门。(读后续写之动作描写)
③→ , he was so shy and nervous that he was at a loss about what to say.(with复合结构)
→ , he was so shy and nervous that he was at a loss about what to say.(独立主格结构)
这个姑娘盯着他,他如此害羞和紧张以致他不知道说些什么。(读后续写之情感描写)
3.(教材P35)The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.敌军隐藏着,准备袭击那些甚至还没有到达陆地的盟军士兵。
形容词(短语)作状语
句型公式
【归纳拓展】
(1)形容词(短语)作状语,说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态,也可以表示方式、原因或伴随状态等。
(2)形容词(短语)作状语,可位于句首、句中或句末,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
(3)副词作状语常修饰动词或整个句子。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①The survivors lay on the beach, .
幸存者们躺在海滩上,疲惫不堪,心有余悸。(读后续写之心理描写)
②He spent seven days in the wind and snow, .
他在风雪中度过了七天,又冷又饿。
③ any longer, I opened the gift from my uncle.
再也无法抑制我的好奇心,我打开了叔叔送的礼物。Unit 3 War and peace
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.Even now I often (回忆起) the nights when Professor Wang polished my essays .
2.Painstaking efforts and perseverance have made him an (杰出的) novelist .
3.A 71-year-old survivor of the earthquake visited the (纪念的) park early on Wednesday morning.
4.The ship struggled against the immense power of the (潮水)as it tried to navigate the narrow channel.
5.A (降落伞)is comprised of a canopy, suspension lines, and a harness to ensure a safe landing during skydiving.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.The two painters sought (liberate) from the old stereotype .
2.Sometimes, amazing ancient clay sculptures and buildings are accidentally destroyed by missile attacks during periods of (violent).
3.He was (bare) 20 years old and already running his own company.
4.The pilot (drown) in his plane when it crashed into the North Sea.
5.Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs (幼兽) in zoos don’t make it adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
6.Setting an (object) allows you to shorten the distance between what you are and what you want to be.
7.Being late for school again, he came into the classroom in embarrassment with his head (lower).
8.One of the presenters in this programme, Kathy Hezlep, had lost her son in a (horror) car crash the year before.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.At last the country (使……摆脱) allied nations and obtained independence.
2.When I (与……见面) friends (both old and new), I like having a whole day dedicated to them.
3.Workers gathered (大量地)at the workshop to learn about new technology advancements in the field.
4.This is the message the government wants to (传达) to the public.
5.They (反对) teenagers’ pursuing fashion and copying celebrities , which I think was reasonable.
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1.The shy girl stood in the corner, for breaking the vase. (形容词短语作状语)
那个害羞的女孩站在角落里,因打破花瓶而满怀歉意。
2.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures instead of before your eyes. (非谓语)
阅读是一种与看电视截然不同的体验;有图片在你的脑海中形成,而不是在你的眼前形成。
3.The moment he saw his mother, he ran into her arms, .(独立主格结构)
他一见到妈妈,就奔向她的怀抱,内心的恐惧变成了持续的大哭。
4.Prices of daily goods can be lower than those in grocery stores . (非谓语)
在网上购买的日常用品的价格可能比超市中的价格更低。
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·四川绵阳南山中学高二期中]
I still remember my father’s embarrassment the day when he was invited to have dinner at a colleague’s house. Freshly arriving in Brazil, and not being able to look up on the Internet, he offended his hosts by making a hand gesture—a circle with the thumb and index finger. He had always understood it to mean “OK”, but in Brazil, it meant something different.
The incident was quickly forgotten. My father’s colleague understood that he probably wasn’t yet aware of the local meaning of the gesture. He gently explained it meant something rude, and then it was kept in mind under “things not to be done in Rio”.
I was reminded myself when touring China. After I replied to a friend’s WeChat message with a Van Gogh sticker that I thought meant “keep fighting”, another friend told me I used it wrong.
“The Chinese version is a bit different,” she said, taking out her phone and showing me. “See these characters They mean ‘I will hit you!’”
Life is full of crossed meanings. In India, you sign to someone to come over with your palm down, not up. And in the Middle East, you never use your left hand for anything public.
As adults, we understand that even if it hurts, a mistake is only an insult (侮辱) when it is made on purpose. Yet, many conflicts come from misunderstanding, and history is full of the unfortunate outcomes of cross-cultural communication.
My father’s pre-Internet Brazilian mistake was forgiven because of context—he had just arrived and he didn’t know its local meaning. But when context is absent or simply differently understood—especially in the social media—perhaps it is time we all thought twice before typing or talking, especially when the consequences can be more severe than the misuse of a WeChat sticker.
( )1.What can be inferred from the author’s father’s story
A.Cultural differences are common.
B.The Internet helps to avoid mistakes.
C.Misunderstandings lead to bad results.
D.The OK sign means differently in Brazil.
( )2.What did the author mean to do by using the Van Gogh sticker
A.To greet his friend.
B.To threaten his friend.
C.To encourage his friend.
D.To make fun of his friend.
( )3.What might be caused if there is no context
A.Forgiveness.
B.Cultural gaps.
C.Cultural conflicts.
D.Mutual (相互的) respect.
( )4.What could be the best title for the text
A.Tourism and culture
B.Language and culture
C.Verbal communication
D.Cross-cultural communication
●Ⅵ 阅读七选五
[2024·福建福州高二期中]
Everglades National Park is the largest subtropical (亚热带的) wilderness in the US. 1. It is also the third largest national park in the lower forty-eight states, after Death Valley and Yellowstone. Each year, more than one million people visit the Everglades.
2. The expansive wetlands stretch across more than six hundred thousand hectares. It is a place where plants and animals from the Caribbean Sea share an ecosystem with native North American species.
Unlike most other national parks, Everglades National Park was created to protect an ecosystem from damage. The Everglades is home to about fifteen species that federal officials say are threatened and endangered. 3.
In addition, more than three hundred fifty bird species and three hundred species of freshwater and saltwater fish live within the park. The Everglades is also home to forty species of mammals and fifty reptile species.
4. They include what is said to be the largest growth of mangrove trees in the western world. Gumbo-limbo trees, known for their peeling red skin, strangler figs and royal palms, are also among the area’s plant life. The country’s largest living mahogany tree also lives in the Everglades.
In recent years, environmental experts have learned about the damage to the Everglades. They say the balance of nature there has been destroyed. 5. However, efforts to protect the area are continuing so people from all over the world may continue visiting this biological treasure.
A.The future of the Everglades is not clear.
B.Visitors to the Everglades will see many exotic plants.
C.The park is home to several rare and endangered species.
D.Experts believe that the Everglades has a very bright future.
E.The park is very beautiful and attracts millions of tourists every year.
F.The Everglades is considered one of the great biological wonders of the world.
G.They include the Florida panther, the American crocodile and the West Indian manatee.
●Ⅶ 语法填空
[2024·浙江G5联盟高二期中]
Sun Zi Bing Fa, or The Art of War, is one of the most 1. (influence) military books in the whole history of humankind and 2. (read) for more than 2,000 years. Sun Tzu, a legendary Chinese military strategist during the Spring and Autumn Period, is regarded as the ultimate master of war.
Sun Tzu moved to the State of Wu in 532 BC, and later completed the great military work 3. (compose) of 13 articles altogether, 4. he fully demonstrated his insight into warfare. He suggested 5. (analyse) the conditions between one side and the rival before drawing the war plan. He emphasized the victorious general must be familiar with his enemies just as 6. himself. He also explained two types of decisive factors: the objective and stable one, like the 7. (effective) of the army, and the subjective and changeable one, like the spirit of the soldiers. He believed that competition of the economy between states is 8. nature of war. Meanwhile, the supreme art and goal of war is 9. (defeat) the enemy with strategies instead of only force. His spirit and wisdom 10. (unique) remind us that peace is the common objective we should pursue. (共78张PPT)
Two people, father and son, who had lived in total
isolation (隔离) from society for 40 years in a remote jungle
in central Vietnam, have been brought back to normal life.
To survive, they ate fruits, corn and only had clothes made of
tree bark. They even built a tree house.
They are Ho Van Thanh, 82, and his son, Ho Van Lang, 42,
who were found by some local people while they were
travelling in a deep forest. Very surprised by abnormal
appearances, gestures and manners of the “jungle men”, these
people reported their finding to the local government, who set
up a team to look for them, and after five hours of search in
the forest, they caught the father and son staying in a small
hut built on some branches of a large tree.
Due to being isolated from social contact for a long time,
both the father and the son could only speak a little of the
language of the local place.
After carrying out an investigation into the men's identity,
they found that Thanh once lived a normal life with his family
at a local village 40 years ago. But one day at that time, a
bombing happened in the village, killing Thanh's wife and
two of his three children on the spot. It is suspected that
due to the shock, Thanh took his remaining son, two years
old at the time, and ran away into this jungle. He and the
son, Ho Van Lang, had since lived their lonely life, without
contact with anyone. Their daily foods were fruits and manioc
(木薯) they found in the forest. It is believed that they also
planted corn for food.
The district government has asked the local health agency
to make medical check-ups for the father and the son, the first
step in a process to get them back to society.
【主题词句背诵】
1.remote adj. 偏远的，偏僻的
2.abnormal adj. 不正常的
3.carry out 执行，实施
4.on the spot 当场
5.Two people, father and son, who had lived in total isolation
(隔离) from society for 40 years in a remote jungle in central
Vietnam, have been brought back to normal life.
一对父子在越南中部一片偏远的丛林里与世隔绝地生活了40年后,恢
复了正常的生活。
6.But one day at that time, a bombing happened in the village,
killing Thanh's wife and two of his three children on the spot.
但在那个时候的一天,村子里发生了轰炸,当场炸死了Thanh的妻子和
他三个孩子中的两个。
7.It is suspected that due to the shock, Thanh took his
remaining son, two years old at the time, and ran away into
this jungle.
人们猜测,由于受到惊吓,Thanh带着他剩下的、当时两岁的儿子,跑进
了这片丛林。
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
练习册
Task 1：Fast Reading
large numbers
6 June
The fiercest fighting
a success
memorial ceremonies
Task 2：Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to
the text.
( ) 1.How did thousands of soldiers land behind enemy
lines in northern France
A.By boat. B.By riding tanks.
C.By parachute. D.On foot.
√
( ) 2.By saying “But this is the year 1944…The tide has
turned!”, Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower meant
________.
A.the weather was getting worse
B.the war situation was changing for the better
C.the war was going to be over
D.the battle was becoming tougher to win
√
( ) 3.Which one can replace the phrase “made it”in
Paragraph 4
A.Arrived in time. B.Successfully arrived.
C.Survived. D.Set time.
( ) 4.Where did the Allied forces meet up with the Soviet
military moving in from the east
A.France. B.Britain. C.Russia. D.Germany.
√
√
Task 3：Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging
across the globe for about five years. But along the south coast
of England, something 1.________ (usual) was happening: masses
of allied troops 2._______(make) up mainly of British, Canadian
and American soldiers were gathering. Code-named “Operation
Overlord”, it was the 3._______(large) combined sea, air and
land operation in history, the aim being to free north-west
Europe 4.______ German occupation.
unusual
made
largest
from
An order 5.___________ (issue) by Supreme Allied
Commander General Eisenhower to the troops. At dawn,
thousands landed behind enemy lines in northern France.
Meanwhile,thousands more were journeying across the English
Channel to Normandy. Their objective was 6._________ (reach)
the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French
coastline. By mid-morning, hundreds lay 7.______(die) in the
water and amongst the tanks on the beach. By the end of
August 1944, the Allies had reached the River Seine, Paris was
liberated and 8.____Germans had been removed from north-
west France.
was issued
to reach
dead
the
9.________ the high cost in human life, the D-Day landings
were seen widely as the 10.__________(begin) of the end of the
Second World War.
Seventy years later, survivors of the D-Day landings
continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends
they lost that day.
Despite
beginning
1.objective n. 目的,目标 adj. 客观的;基于事实的;宾格的
(教材P35) Their objective was clear: to reach the Normandy
beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline. 他们的目
标很明确:沿着大约80公里的法国海岸线到达诺曼底海滩。
(1)with the objective of… 带有……的目标
(2)object n. 物体，东西;目的;对象
v. 不同意，不赞成，反对
object to (doing) sth 反对/不同意(做)某事
(3)objectively adv. 客观地
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists
with the _________ (object) of discovering a new treatment for
malaria.
objective
(2)完成句子
Many local people ____________________the new airport, which
led to the failure of the plan.
许多当地人反对修建新机场,这导致了计划的失败。
objected to building
2.barely adv.勉强才能;几乎不,几乎没有;刚好;刚才,刚刚
(教材P35) One soldier recalled how he barely made it with
bombs falling all around him… 一名士兵回忆起炸弹落在他的周围
时,他如何勉强存活下来……
(1)had barely/scarcely/hardly done when…
刚刚做完……这时……
(2)bare adj. 裸体的，裸露的;(树木)光秃秃的;空的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[2023·浙江1月考] She was covered in spider-webs and was
_______ (bare) able to move her wings.
barely
(2)完成句子
①She was wearing only a thin robe, and ___________________.
她只穿了件薄袍子，还光着双脚。(读后续写之人物外貌描写)
her feet were bare
②The mouse ________________________________________ the
cat caught it.
老鼠刚一出来就被猫逮住了。
had barely/hardly/scarcely come out when
3.get across 穿过(马路、河等);被传达;被理解;把……讲清楚
(教材P35) The seventh man was the next one to get across the
beach without being hit.
第七个人是下一个穿过海滩而没被击中的人。
get around 四处走动;(新闻或消息等)传开
get away (from) 离开,摆脱
get over 克服，战胜
get through 做完;接通电话
get (sb) through (sth) (帮助某人)渡过难关,熬过困难时期;
(使某人)通过(考试等)
get down to 开始认真做(to为介词)
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①What is the message that you want to get across on earth
______
②The frontier is so well guarded that no one can get
across.__________
传达
跨越,穿过
(2)用get相关短语的适当形式填空
①The moment they arrived at the office, they _____________
preparing for the meeting on promoting new products.
②I need to _______________ the pressure of work and relax
myself properly.
③I tried calling you several times but I couldn't ____________.
④It took me a very long time to _________ the shock of her
death.
got down to
get away from
get through
get over
4.memorial adj. 纪念的,追悼的 n. 纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物
(教材P36) Seventy years later, men who had fought on D-Day
gathered on both sides of the English Channel, where people
were coming together for memorial ceremonies.七十年后,那些在
诺曼底登陆战役中作战的人聚集在英吉利海峡的两边,在那里人们聚
集在一起举行纪念仪式。
(1)memory n. 记忆力;记性;回忆;记忆
in memory of sb 作为对某人的纪念
(2)memorize vt. 记住,记忆
(3)memorable adj. 值得纪念的,难忘的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The museum will serve as a __________ (memory) to the
millions who passed through Ellis Island.
②Her speech was so ____________ (memory) that her words
often rang in my ears.
③He studied his map, trying to __________ (memory) the way
to Rose's street.
memorial
memorable
memorize
(2)完成句子
①He founded the charity ______________ his late wife.
他创办了这一慈善机构以纪念他已故的妻子。(应用文写作之新闻报道)
in memory of
②_________________________of our trip was a visit to the
magnificent Potala Palace.
我们旅行中最难忘的部分是参观宏伟的布达拉宫。(话题写作之旅行)
The most memorable part
1.(教材P34)But along the south coast of England, something
unusual was happening: Allied troops made up mainly of
British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in
large numbers.但在英国南部海岸,一些不寻常的事情正在发生:主要
由英国、加拿大和美国士兵组成的盟军正在大量集结。
(教材P36)The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany,
where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving
in from the east.盟军随后准备进入德国,在那里他们将与从东面进
入的苏联军队会师。
句型公式
过去分词/现在分词作定语
【句式点拨】
made up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers和
moving in from the east分别是过去分词短语和现在分词短语作定
语修饰前面的名词,相当于定语从句that/which were made up
mainly of…和that/which were moving in from the east。
【归纳拓展】
当名词与非谓语是逻辑上的被动关系,且表示已经完成或者没有时间
意义,要用过去分词作定语。如果名词与非谓语是逻辑上的主动关系,
则要用现在分词作定语。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The newly-built hotel is a place with modern style
________________ (accommodate) 300 people at once.
②So far nobody has claimed the mobile phone ___________
(discover) in the library.
accommodating
discovered
(2)完成句子
①[2023·浙江1月考应用文写作] Last weekend, I participated in a
“Getting to know the plants around us” activity _______________
__________________.
上周末，我参加了学生会组织的“了解我们身边的植物”活动。
(应用文写作之新闻报道)
organized by our Students' Union
②This is a restaurant ________________________ ethnic foods.
这是一家供应各种民族风味食品的餐馆。(话题写作之饮食文化)
serving a wide variety of
③Fanjing Mountain， ___________ Tongren City，Guizhou
Province，has made it on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
位于贵州省铜仁市的梵净山已被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名
录。(话题写作之遗产保护)
located in
2.(教材P34)Code-named “Operation Overlord”, it was the
largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the
aim being to free north-west Europe from German
occupation.代号为“霸王行动”,这是历史上规模最大的海陆空联合行
动,目的是将欧洲西北部从德国占领中解放出来。
句型公式
独立主格结构
【句式点拨】
the aim being to free north-west Europe from German
occupation是独立主格结构,the aim 与being是逻辑上的主动关系。
【归纳拓展】
独立主格结构在句中常作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
独立主格结构多用于书面语,较为正式,平时多以with的复合结构代替。
独立主格结构:
名词/代词+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/to do/doing/done
［温馨提示］(1)①当名词/代词与其后的动词构成逻辑上的主动关系,
且动作尚未发生时,用to do;
②当名词/代词与其后的动词构成逻辑上的主动关系,且动作正在进行
时,用doing;
③当名词/代词与其后的动词构成逻辑上的被动关系,且动作已经发生
时,用done。
(2)独立主格结构前面加上with就变成with的复合结构。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Unlike most of the Netherlands,Hilversum is actually in a hilly
area, the soil mostly __________ (consist) of sand.
②Her glasses ________ (break), she couldn't see the words on
the blackboard clearly.
③With lots of homework _______(do), I can't go to the cinema
tonight.
consisting
broken
to do
(2)一句多译
①→He fell asleep on the sofa, ____________________.
(with复合结构)
→He fell asleep on the sofa, _______________.(独立主格结构)
门开着,他在沙发上睡着了。(读后续写之动作描写)
with the door open
the door open
②→Mary was sitting near the fire, __________________________
_____.(with复合结构)
→Mary was sitting near the fire,__________________________.
(独立主格结构)
玛丽在炉火旁坐着,背对着门。(读后续写之动作描写)
with her back towards the door
her back towards the door
③→___________________________, he was so shy and nervous
that he was at a loss about what to say.(with复合结构)
→______________________, he was so shy and nervous that he
was at a loss about what to say.(独立主格结构)
这个姑娘盯着他,他如此害羞和紧张以致他不知道说些什么。
(读后续写之情感描写)
With the girl staring at him
The girl staring at him
3.(教材P35)The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied
soldiers even before they reached land.敌军隐藏着,准备袭击那
些甚至还没有到达陆地的盟军士兵。
句型公式
形容词(短语)作状语
【归纳拓展】
(1)形容词(短语)作状语,说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态,也可以
表示方式、原因或伴随状态等。
(2)形容词(短语)作状语,可位于句首、句中或句末,常用逗号与句子其
他成分隔开。
(3)副词作状语常修饰动词或整个句子。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①The survivors lay on the beach, _______________________.
幸存者们躺在海滩上,疲惫不堪,心有余悸。(读后续写之心理描写)
exhausted and shocked
②He spent seven days in the wind and snow, ________________
_______.
他在风雪中度过了七天,又冷又饿。
cold and hungry
③______________________________ any longer, I opened the
gift from my uncle.
再也无法抑制我的好奇心,我打开了叔叔送的礼物。
Unable to contain my curiosity
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.Even now I often ______(回忆起) the nights when Professor
Wang polished my essays.
recall
2.Painstaking efforts and perseverance have made him an
____________ (杰出的) novelist.
outstanding
1
2
3
4
5
3.A 71-year-old survivor of the earthquake visited the
__________ (纪念的) park early on Wednesday morning.
memorial
4.The ship struggled against the immense power of the_____
(潮水)as it tried to navigate the narrow channel.
tide
5.A __________ (降落伞)is comprised of a canopy, suspension
lines, and a harness to ensure a safe landing during skydiving.
parachute
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅱ 单句填空
1.The two painters sought __________ (liberate) from the old
stereotype.
liberation
2.Sometimes, amazing ancient clay sculptures and buildings are
accidentally destroyed by missile attacks during periods of
_________ (violent).
violence
3.He was _______ (bare) 20 years old and already running his
own company.
barely
4.The pilot ______________________ (drown) in his plane when
it crashed into the North Sea.
drowned/was drowned
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5.Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs (幼兽) in zoos don't make
it____adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care
at home.
to
6.Setting an _________ (object) allows you to shorten the
distance between what you are and what you want to be.
objective
7.Being late for school again, he came into the classroom in
embarrassment with his head _________(lower).
lowered
8.One of the presenters in this programme, Kathy Hezlep, had
lost her son in a ________ (horror) car crash the year before.
horrible
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅲ 短语填空
1.At last the country _______________ (使……摆脱) allied
nations and obtained independence.
was freed from
2.When I ______________ (与……见面) friends (both old and
new), I like having a whole day dedicated to them.
meet up with
3.Workers gathered _________________ (大量地)at the workshop
to learn about new technology advancements in the field.
in large numbers
1
2
3
4
5
4.This is the message the government wants to ___________
(传达) to the public.
get across
5.They ____________ (反对) teenagers' pursuing fashion and
copying celebrities, which I think was reasonable.
objected to
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅳ 句型训练
1.The shy girl stood in the corner, ________________ for
breaking the vase. (形容词短语作状语)
那个害羞的女孩站在角落里,因打破花瓶而满怀歉意。
full of apologies
2.Reading is an experience quite different from watching
TV;there are pictures _____________________ instead of before
your eyes. (非谓语)
阅读是一种与看电视截然不同的体验;有图片在你的脑海中形成,而不
是在你的眼前形成。
forming in your mind
1
2
3
4
3.The moment he saw his mother, he ran into her arms,
_________________________________________.(独立主格结构)
他一见到妈妈,就奔向她的怀抱,内心的恐惧变成了持续的大哭。
the fear inside turning into constant crying
4.Prices of daily goods _______________________ can be lower
than those in grocery stores. (非谓语)
在网上购买的日常用品的价格可能比超市中的价格更低。
bought on the Internet
1
2
3
4
Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·四川绵阳南山中学高二期中]
I still remember my father's embarrassment the day when
he was invited to have dinner at a colleague's house. Freshly
arriving in Brazil, and not being able to look up on the Internet,
he offended his hosts by making a hand gesture—a circle with
the thumb and index finger. He had always understood it to
mean “OK”, but in Brazil, it meant something different.
1
2
3
4
The incident was quickly forgotten. My father's colleague
understood that he probably wasn't yet aware of the local
meaning of the gesture. He gently explained it meant something
rude, and then it was kept in mind under “things not to be
done in Rio”.
I was reminded myself when touring China. After I replied
to a friend's WeChat message with a Van Gogh sticker that I
thought meant “keep fighting”, another friend told me I used it
wrong.
1
2
3
4
“The Chinese version is a bit different,” she said, taking out
her phone and showing me. “See these characters They mean
‘I will hit you!’”
Life is full of crossed meanings. In India, you sign to
someone to come over with your palm down, not up. And in
the Middle East, you never use your left hand for anything
public.
As adults, we understand that even if it hurts, a mistake is
only an insult (侮辱) when it is made on purpose.
1
2
3
4
Yet, many conflicts come from misunderstanding, and history is
full of the unfortunate outcomes of cross-cultural communication.
My father's pre-Internet Brazilian mistake was forgiven
because of context—he had just arrived and he didn't know its
local meaning. But when context is absent or simply differently
understood—especially in the social media—perhaps it is time
we all thought twice before typing or talking, especially when
the consequences can be more severe than the misuse of a
WeChat sticker.
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者结合身边的
例子和亲身经历，指出文化差异可能导致误解和冲突。
( ) 1.What can be inferred from the author's father's story
A.Cultural differences are common.
B.The Internet helps to avoid mistakes.
C.Misunderstandings lead to bad results.
D.The OK sign means differently in Brazil.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段“Freshly arriving in Brazil, and not
being able to look up on the Internet, he offended his hosts by
making a hand gesture—a circle with the thumb and index
finger. He had always understood it to mean ‘OK’, but in Brazil,
it meant something different.”及第二段“The incident was quickly
forgotten. My father's colleague understood that he probably
wasn't yet aware of the local meaning of the gesture.”可知，去
别人家里吃饭是生活中常见的场景，父亲下意识的“OK”手势导致了
误会。由此可推知，父亲的故事表明文化差异很常见。故选A。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.What did the author mean to do by using the Van
Gogh sticker
A.To greet his friend.
B.To threaten his friend.
C.To encourage his friend.
D.To make fun of his friend.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段“After I replied to a friend's
WeChat message with a Van Gogh sticker that I thought meant
‘keep fighting’, another friend told me I used it wrong.”可知，作
者打算用凡·高的微信表情包来鼓励他的朋友。故选C。
√
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What might be caused if there is no context
A.Forgiveness. B.Cultural gaps.
C.Cultural conflicts. D.Mutual (相互的) respect.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段“But when context is absent or
simply differently understood—especially in the social media—
perhaps it is time we all thought twice before typing or talking,
especially when the consequences can be more severe than the
misuse of a WeChat sticker.”可知，如果没有语境或对语境有不同
的理解，这种情况可能会导致文化冲突。故选C。
√
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.What could be the best title for the text
A.Tourism and culture
B.Language and culture
C.Verbal communication
D.Cross-cultural communication
[解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据倒数第二段“Yet, many
conflicts come from misunderstanding, and history is full of the
unfortunate outcomes of cross-cultural communication.”可知，本
文作者结合身边的例子和亲身经历，指出文化差异可能导致误解和
冲突。故D选项“跨文化交际”最适合当文章标题。故选D。
√
1
2
3
4
Ⅵ 阅读七选五
[2024·福建福州高二期中]
Everglades National Park is the largest subtropical (亚热带的)
wilderness in the US. 1.___ It is also the third largest national
park in the lower forty-eight states, after Death Valley and
Yellowstone. Each year, more than one million people visit the
Everglades.
C
1
2
3
4
5
2.___ The expansive wetlands stretch across more than six
hundred thousand hectares. It is a place where plants and
animals from the Caribbean Sea share an ecosystem with native
North American species.
Unlike most other national parks, Everglades National Park
was created to protect an ecosystem from damage. The
Everglades is home to about fifteen species that federal officials
say are threatened and endangered. 3.___
F
G
1
2
3
4
5
In addition, more than three hundred fifty bird species and
three hundred species of freshwater and saltwater fish live within
the park. The Everglades is also home to forty species of
mammals and fifty reptile species.
4.___ They include what is said to be the largest growth of
mangrove trees in the western world. Gumbo-limbo trees,
known for their peeling red skin, strangler figs and royal palms，
are also among the area's plant life. The country's largest living
mahogany tree also lives in the Everglades.
B
1
2
3
4
5
In recent years, environmental experts have learned about
the damage to the Everglades. They say the balance of nature
there has been destroyed. 5.___ However, efforts to protect the
area are continuing so people from all over the world may
continue visiting this biological treasure.
A
1
2
3
4
5
A.The future of the Everglades is not clear.
B.Visitors to the Everglades will see many exotic plants.
C.The park is home to several rare and endangered species.
D.Experts believe that the Everglades has a very bright future.
E.The park is very beautiful and attracts millions of tourists every
year.
F.The Everglades is considered one of the great biological
wonders of the world.
G.They include the Florida panther, the American crocodile and
the West Indian manatee.
1
2
3
4
5
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了美国大沼泽地国家公园
的现状。专家认为公园的生态平衡遭到破坏，但保护措施也正在持
续实施。
1.___
C
[解析] 根据上文“Everglades National Park is the largest
subtropical (亚热带的) wilderness in the US.”和下文“It is also the
third largest national park in the lower forty-eight states, after
Death Valley and Yellowstone.”可知，第一段整段介绍了大沼泽地
国家公园的特点。C选项(这个公园是一些稀有和濒危物种的家园。)
也是该公园的一个特点。故选C。
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
F
[解析] 空处为段落主题句。根据下文“The expansive wetlands
stretch across more than six hundred thousand hectares. It is a
place where plants and animals from the Caribbean Sea share
an ecosystem with native North American species.”可知，本段主
要介绍了大沼泽地国家公园的生物多样性。F项(大沼泽地国家公园
被认为是世界上伟大的生物奇迹之一。)符合语境。故选F。
1
2
3
4
5
3.___
G
[解析] 根据上文“The Everglades is home to about fifteen species
that federal officials say are threatened and endangered.”可知，
G项(它们包括佛罗里达豹、美洲鳄鱼和西印度海牛。)符合语境，承
接上文，是对上文濒危物种的举例说明。故选G。
1
2
3
4
5
4.___
B
[解析] 空处为段落主题句。根据本段中mangrove trees(红树林)、
Gumbo-limbo trees(裂榄)、strangler figs and royal palms
(绞杀榕和王棕)等内容可知，本段介绍了大沼泽地国家公园的奇异植
物。B项(到大沼泽地国家公园的游客会看到许多奇异的植物。)符合
语境。故选B。
1
2
3
4
5
5.___
A
[解析] 根据上文“They say the balance of nature there has been
destroyed.”以及下文“However, efforts to protect the area are
continuing so people from all over the world may continue
visiting this biological treasure.”可知，A项(大沼泽地国家公园的未
来还不清楚。)符合语境，承接上文，且与下文构成转折。故选A。
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅶ 语法填空
[2024·浙江G5联盟高二期中]
Sun Zi Bing Fa, or The Art of War, is one of the most
1.__________ (influence) military books in the whole history of
humankind and 2._______________ (read) for more than 2,000
years. Sun Tzu, a legendary Chinese military strategist during the
Spring and Autumn Period, is regarded as the ultimate master
of war.
influential
has been read
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Sun Tzu moved to the State of Wu in 532 BC, and later
completed the great military work 3.___________ (compose) of
13 articles altogether, 4._______ he fully demonstrated his
insight into warfare. He suggested 5.__________ (analyse) the
conditions between one side and the rival before drawing the
war plan. He emphasized the victorious general must be familiar
with his enemies just as 6._____ himself. He also explained two
types of decisive factors: the objective and stable one, like the
7._____________ (effective) of the army, and the subjective and
composed
where
analysing
with
effectiveness
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
changeable one, like the spirit of the soldiers. He believed that
competition of the economy between states is 8.____ nature of
war. Meanwhile, the supreme art and goal of war is
9.__________ (defeat) the enemy with strategies instead of only
force. His spirit and wisdom 10._________ (unique) remind us
that peace is the common objective we should pursue.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了孙武及其著作《孙子
兵法》的一些理念。
the
to defeat
uniquely
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.__________
influential
[解析] 考查形容词。空格处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语
military books，influence的形容词是influential，意为“有影响力的”，
故填influential。
2._______________
has been read
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据for more than 2,000
years并联系语境可知，空格处应用现在完成时，《孙子兵法》这本
书是被读，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，主语Sun Zi Bing
Fa, or The Art of War是单数，因此空格处是has been read，故填
has been read。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.___________
composed
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是moved和completed，空格处应
用非谓语动词，be composed of “由……组成”，故填composed。
4._______
where
[解析] 考查定语从句。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词
work表示抽象地点，因此空格处应用关系副词where，故填where。
5.__________
analysing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth是固定短语，意为“建议
做某事”，因此空格处应用动名词analysing作宾语，故填analysing。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6._____
with
[解析] 考查介词。根据句意可知，句子表示“他强调得胜的将军必须
像熟悉自己一样熟悉敌人”，空格处应是“he is familiar with”，为了
避免重复，省去he is familiar，保留介词with，故填with。
7._____________
effectiveness
[解析] 考查名词。根据the和of可知，空格处应填名词，effective的
名词是effectiveness，是不可数名词。故填effectiveness。
8.____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。空格处应用定冠词the，特指战争的本质。故填
the。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.__________
to defeat
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。根据空前的the supreme art and goal可
知，空格处应用不定式作表语，故填to defeat。
10._________
uniquely
[解析] 考查副词。空格处应用副词uniquely修饰动词remind。故填
uniquely。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
