Period Two Using language
语言精讲
1.(1)reference (2)①refer to their language as ②referred to; refers to
2.(1)①不跑题 ②坚守 ③不偏离 (2)①keep off ②keep out of ③was keeping; back (3)①didn’t keep to his promise ②keep up with the pace of change
语法归纳
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.has given 2.is 3.is 4.is 5.was 6.are searching 7.is 8.was 9.are influenced 10.are
●Ⅱ 1.were listening to the teacher attentively 2. What amazed me was 3.is viewed as an advantage 4.that has ever been written 5.Under the tree is sitting/seatedPeriod Two Using language
Ⅰ.1.stands 2.are getting 3.is working 4.was
5.was checked 6.was/were 7.was admitted 8.is
9.was included 10.has 11.is performing 12.suits
Ⅱ.1.is kind and friendly 2.Watching news on TV has become 3.stands a teaching building 4.was that I was followed 5.is this opportunity/chance
Ⅲ.1.operas 2.was listed 3.basis 4.the
5.gradually 6.its 7.which 8.various/varied 9.to 10.Favoured
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了尽管在俄罗斯和乌克兰的冲突中,令人心碎的场景每天都在上演,但作者收养的两个儿子(一个来自俄罗斯,一个来自乌克兰)之间的关系却变得更加紧密。
1.B 根据“This world is not really peaceful. The heartbroken scenes in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine…”可知,在俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的冲突中,令人心碎的场景每天都在发生。故选B。finish完成;unfold发生,打开; decrease减少;boost使增长,推动。
2.D 根据“I am the father of two adopted boys…”可知,此处指作者收养了两个男孩。故选D。dislike不喜欢;attract吸引;arrange安排;adopt收养。
3.C 根据“Young men now…”可知,两个孩子长大了,也有了一些成就。make one’s way in life意为“取得成就”。故选C。block阻碍; abandon放弃;make制作,使得;dominate 支配。
4.C 根据of their origins并结合两个孩子不同的国家背景可知,此处是指他们的身份意识。故选C。offence冒犯;boredom无聊;sense感觉,意识; discrimination歧视。
5.D 根据“…Anton’s feelings for Ukraine run deep.”和表示转折关系的while可知,和安东比起来,阿廖沙不常想起自己出生在俄罗斯。故选D。flee from 从……逃跑;take over接管;deal with处理;think of想起,认为。
6.C 根据“Staring at them, I realize that I am not looking at a Russian and a Ukrainian; I am looking at two people who love each other so much…”可知,两个孩子深爱着对方,因此此处指尽管(两国)有冲突,但他们就像是真正的亲人。故选C。
7.B 根据“…is one of blood.”可知,虽然国籍不同,但他们之间的联系就像是血亲一样。故选B。hair头发;bond联系,纽带;brain大脑;health健康。
8.B 根据“I’m grateful that…”可知,除了感激,作者还想到了另外一个词——缺席。故选B。horror 惊恐;gratitude感激;excitement兴奋;enthusiasm热情。
9.A 根据mothers and children everywhere及语境可知,此处是指很多母亲和孩子聚集在一起。故选A。gathering聚会,聚集;harbour港口;airport飞机场; station站。
10.A 根据“…huddled (蜷缩着的) in dark…”并结合战争背景可知,母亲和孩子挤在黑暗和凌乱的空间里。故选A。messy凌乱的;quiet安静的;clean干净的; graceful优雅的。
11.B 根据“…themselves to wars.”可知,此处是指投身战争的父亲们,即与家人分开。故选B。enjoy喜欢,享受;separate使……分开; express表达;thank感谢。
12.D 根据上文“This world is not really peaceful. The heartbroken scenes in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine are…day by day.”可知,这里指动荡的时期。故选D。ancient古老的;modern现代的;peaceful和平的;troubled动乱的,混乱的。
13.C 根据常识可知,在两国的争端中,人们很容易站队(即表示支持某一方)并划清界限。take sides意为“支持某一方”。故选C。photo照片;seat座位;side一方,一派;post邮件。
14.D 根据“…in these…times, when it is easy to draw battle lines and take…”和表示转折意义的instead可知,与他人不同,战争中发生的事情让作者的两个儿子的关系更加紧密。故选D。farther更远的;higher更高的;longer更长的; closer更近的,更紧密的。
15.A 根据“…two people who love each other so much…”可知,作者的两个儿子感情深厚,他们不会做伤害对方的事情。故选A。harm伤害;good好处; justice公平;honour荣誉。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在寻求和把握机会时面临的情感困难和应对方式,并提出了建立自我认知的方式来更好地寻求和把握机会。
1.D 根据上文“They didn’t have questions about the lecture.”可知,学生并没有问关于讲座的问题。选项D (相反,他们渴望找机会和我一起工作。)承接上文内容,与上文形成转折。故选D。
2.E 空处为段首句,引出本段主要内容。根据下文“We encourage people to earn a college degree. We cheer on people who seek raises. However, emotional difficulties in opportunity-seeking and -taking can lead to our feeling stuck in the process. Because you can’t control how an opportunity will pan out, making your self-worth contingent (依情况而定的) on it creates a ground for anxiety and fear.”可知,社会对追求机会的人们持赞扬态度,但人们在寻求和把握机会的过程中可能会遇到情感上的问题。选项E (追求机会是社会所赞扬的一种健康的行为。)能够引出下文,符合语境。故选E。
3.B 根据上文“Opportunity-avoiders are too hesitant to follow through with pursuing opportunities. Since they are afraid of failure, they avoid having a try at the opportunity.”可知,机会逃避者因为害怕失败而避免尝试机会,由此可推知,空处应介绍他们可能有的其他表现或心态。选项B (他们犹豫着是否寻求帮助,有时是因为羞耻。)中的描述与上文提到的机会逃避者的特征接近,符合语境。故选B。
4.G 根据上文“They find it painful to pass up opportunities even when they don’t have time for them and might say ‘yes’ to thankless tasks.”可知,无法自控的机会寻求者会因为机会本身而感到兴奋,他们甚至在没有时间的情况下也难以拒绝机会。选项G (可以想象,过度安排日程并不会对提高自我价值有多大帮助。)与上文介绍的机会寻求者的行为相关,即他们过度安排日程,导致自我价值难以提高。故选G。
5.C 根据上文“These two ways are well-intentioned but they are also self-defeating. The healthiest way to go about opportunity-seeking and -taking is building self-awareness.”可知,寻找和把握机会最健康的方式是建立自我意识。选项C (弄清楚你的行为是否被情绪所影响。)与建立自我意识的概念相符。了解自己的行为是否受到情绪的影响是建立自我意识的一个重要方面,因为它能帮助我们更客观地看待自己的选择和决策。故选C。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了珍珠港事件。
1.As 考查介词。as usual意为“照旧,像往常一样”。句首单词的首字母要大写。故填As。
2.violently 考查副词。设空处需用副词作状语,修饰谓语动词shook,violent的副词是violently,意为“剧烈地”。故填violently。
3.the 考查冠词。设空处后的nation特指美国,所以设空处需用定冠词the,表示特指。故填the。
4.asking 考查非谓语动词。谓语动词是made,设空处需填非谓语动词作伴随状语, Roosevelt与ask是逻辑上的主动关系,因此设空处应用现在分词表主动,故填asking。
5.response 考查名词。in response to意为“响应……,对……做出回应”。故填response。
6.joined 考查动词时态。美国加入二战发生在过去,此处需用一般过去时。join的过去式为joined。故填joined。
7.where 考查状语从句。设空处引导地点状语从句,引导词需用where。故填where。
8.is marked 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是描述事实情况,故从句“which crosses the ship’s sunken…”和主句需用一般现在时。location和mark是被动关系,应用被动语态。此处主句主语its location为单数,所以主句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is marked。
9.remains 考查名词。设空处需填名词充当crosses的宾语。remains意为“遗迹”,符合句意。故填remains。
10.darkest 考查形容词最高级。 此处为“one of +the +形容词最高级+名词复数”结构。dark的最高级为darkest。故填darkest。Period Two Using language
1.refer to…as… 称……为……
(教材P39) Among the many horrors inflicted on humanity by the Second World War was the massive bombing of civilians, often referred to as “terror bombing”.
对平民的大规模轰炸,通常被称为“恐怖轰炸”,是第二次世界大战给人类造成的诸多恐怖经历之一。
(1)refer to 提及,说起;查阅,参考;涉及,与……有关
refer…to… 把……交给……
(2)reference n. 查看,查阅
in/with reference to 关于
reference book 参考书
[温馨提示] refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都需要双写“r”。类似的词还有prefer,occur等。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
Even from his hospital bed, he continued his work, writing letters of (refer) for his colleagues and replying to questions from his students.
(2)完成句子
①The Chinese Han, as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty.
中国人称他们的语言为汉语,因为它是在汉代的时候在人们之间变得流行的。(话题写作之语言学习)
②The student just now often his dictionary to teach himself.
刚才提到的那个学生经常查阅词典自学。
2.keep to … 不偏离;不跑题;遵守,信守,履行;坚守,不离开
(教材P41)Peacekeepers monitor the peace process in areas that have experienced friction and civil wars,making sure that previously warring parties keep to their agreements.
维和人员在经历过冲突和内战的地区监督和平进程,确保之前的交战各方遵守协议。
(1)keep to the point/subject
紧扣要点/主题
keep to an agreement/a plan
遵守协议/计划
(2)keep sth back (from sb)
隐瞒(某人)某事
keep off (使)不靠近,(使)远离
keep out (of) 不进入;不卷入
keep up 保持,维持,继续
keep up with… 跟上,与……同步前进
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①Nothing is more irritating than people who do not keep to the point.
②We must keep to our posts and shoulder the responsibility of guarding people’s safety.
③Keep to the track, so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants.
(2)用keep相关短语的适当形式填空
①I managed to stick to the diet and sweet foods.
②You this(=do not get involved), Mum. It’s none of your concern.
③I got the feeling that now he something to avoid letting us know it.
(3)完成句子
①He , which let everyone down.
他没有遵守诺言,这使大家都很失望。
②The world is changing rapidly, and we should .
世界正在迅速变化,我们应该跟上变化的步伐。
主谓一致(1)
主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上保持一致。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
集体名词的主谓一致
集体名词表示由个体组成的集体,指一群人或某一事物的总称。集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数情况比较复杂,可以归纳为以下三类。
集体名词作主语
1.police,people,cattle(牛)等集体名词,总是表示复数意义,用作主语时,其谓语动词要用复数形式。 The police were after him. 警察正在追捕他。 People are beginning to talk about her. 人们开始议论她。 Some cattle were drinking at the pool. 有几头牛正在池塘边饮水。
2.某些表示类别的总称的集体名词通常只用作不可数名词,表示单数意义,用作主语时,其后谓语动词用单数形式,如:clothing, machinery(机械), furniture(家具),equipment(设备),poetry(诗歌),baggage/luggage(行李), scenery(景色),jewellery(珠宝)。 His luggage was sent by air. 他的行李是空运来的。 The equipment of our factory is ready. 我们工厂的设备已经准备好了。
3.有些集体名词如family, team, class, committee(委员会), government, group, crowd,audience,public,crew(全体工作人员,全体船员)等作主语时,若视为整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若视为个体,谓语动词则用复数形式。但是,在有些特定语境下,集体名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式和复数形式均可。 The family has moved to Spain. 这家人已搬去西班牙。 His family are all important persons. 他的家人都是些重要人物。 The audience was/were very excited by the show. 观众对演出感到非常兴奋。 The public has/have a right to know what is in the report. 公众有权知道报告的内容。
主谓一致之语法一致
语法一致指在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词也用复数形式,主要可以归纳为以下四类:
1.主语是可数名词单数、单个不可数名词、动名词短语、不定式或主语从句时,谓语动词则用单数形式;主语是复数名词或是由and连接的并列的两个或两个以上的可数名词单数、不可数名词、动名词短语、不定式或主语从句时,谓语动词则用复数形式。 When to go to China hasn’t been decided. 什么时候去中国还没决定。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是危险的。
2.定语从句中如果关系代词作主语,定语从句中的谓语动词要和定语从句所修饰的先行词在人称和数上保持一致。 Anyone who has questions to ask, please come to my office this afternoon. 有问题要问的人,请今天下午到我办公室来。
3.主语后有with,together with,along with,like,in addition to,as well as,rather than, except, but, besides, including等词语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。 The singer,along with his partner,was rushed away from the theatre. 那位歌手和他的同伴被匆匆地从剧院里接走了。 No one but your parents was there then. 那时只有你父母在那里。 Tom, together with Alice, is going to the cinema this night.汤姆和艾丽斯今晚要去看电影。
4.在倒装句中,不管是完全倒装还是部分倒装,谓语动词的单复数都与句子的主语保持一致,因此找准主语是关键。 On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。 On the wall hangs a world map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。 Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 我朋友来后电脑才修好了。
【特例】
1.“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语,虽然语义是复数,但遵循形式一致原则,谓语动词使用单数形式。如:
Many a student fails to pass the examination.
许多学生未能通过考试。
2.trousers, shoes, glasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,但这些词前面若有a pair of,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The shoes are worn out of shape.
这双鞋穿得变形了。
This pair of shoes is worn out of shape.
这双鞋穿得变形了。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The musician along with his band members (give) ten performances in the last three months.
2.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.
3.Many a professor (be) looking forward to visiting Germany now.
4.One of the questions (be):Who will you turn to in times of trouble
5.She told us that the news (be) very important to us.
6.It is reported that the police now (search) for a tall, fat man with a beard.
7.If the type of the task used to improve motor skills (be) intensive, repetitive and gets the hands and arms moving, it will help those recovering from a stroke.
8.Her family (be) much larger than mine four years ago.
9.I think that our choices (influence) by our parents sometimes.
10.You’d better keep to the paths. The bushes (be) dangerous.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.He was late again and when he entered the classroom, the whole class .
他又迟到了,当他进入教室时,全班同学正在聚精会神地听老师讲课。
2. that he gave all his money to the Project Hope.
使我惊讶的是他把所有的钱都捐给了希望工程。
3.Globally, knowing more than one language and even a necessity in many areas. (view)
从全球来看,掌握一门以上的语言在许多领域被视为一种优势,甚至是必要的。
4.This is the deepest book about philosophy.(定语从句)
这是有史以来所著的关于哲学的最深奥的书。
5. a boy of about ten, with a book in his hand. (倒装句)
一个大约10岁、手里拿着一本书的男孩正坐在树下。Period Two Using language
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The building I have visited (stand) at the end of the street.
2.In those countries where the shawls are sold, police (get) tough with the dealers now.
3.Look! The teacher with his students, (work) in the lab now.
4.It (be) because of the strong support of the government and the painstaking efforts of the citizens that Tangshan began to revive itself.
5.Yesterday, our luggage (check) all the way through to our final destination.
6.It was a great relief to know that my family (be) all safe.
7.The college student as well as his two roommates in his dormitory (admit) as doctors into the famous hospital a few days ago.
8.We use search and rescue vehicles and trained dogs to look for anyone who (be) still alive and try our best to save them.
9.In 2010, acupuncture (include) in the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
10.How one treats his parents (have) a great influence on his children.
11.Many a famous celebrity (perform) in the concert tonight, so I’m looking forward to it very much.
12.This pair of shoes (suit) me very well, and I like them very much.
●Ⅱ 语法+写作
1.I suggest you choose someone who you think .
我建议你选择一个你认为善良和友好的人。
2.
a routine for me while I am having lunch.
看电视新闻对我来说已经成为我吃午饭时的例行公事。
3.As far as the eye can see,between the two rows of trees .
目之所及,两排树之间耸立着一座教学楼。
4.The first thing I remember by a tall guy.
我记得的第一件事是我被一个高个子男人跟踪了。
5.So rare and precious that I don’t want to throw it away.
这个机会是如此难得和珍贵,我不想把它丢掉。
●Ⅲ 语篇型语法填空
Muju Opera is one of many existing traditional 1. (opera) in China. As one of the only two local operas in Chun’an County, the opera boasts a history of more than 100 years. It 2. (list) as a national intangible cultural heritage item in 2011.
Muju Opera was developed on the 3. (base) of folk literature, songs and dances, and contains the essence (精华) of many folk performing arts such as the tea-picking opera, the flower drum opera and Huangmei opera, as well as the Chun’an local bamboo horse dance.
Muju Opera originated in 4. late Qing Dynasty in Muzhou City. Later, it 5. (gradual) evolved into a popular artistic style.Muju Opera reached 6. (it) peak between 1928 and 1934. A county-level Muju Opera troupe (剧团), 7. was founded in 1954, carried out 8. (vary) in-depth research and brave adaptations on the repertory, tunes, and performances of the opera. The troupe was reformed after its disbanding in 1989.
Chun’an county is currently home 9. 10 professional Muju Opera troupes and more than 30 performing teams. 10. (favour) by local residents, Muju Opera features a tone similar to folk songs sung in the fields during or after work.
●Ⅳ 完形填空
[2024·江苏扬州中学高二期中]
This world is not really peaceful. The heartbroken scenes in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine are 1 day by day. I cannot help thinking about my unique family situation. I am the father of two adopted boys, one from Russia and the other from Ukraine, and I 2 them when they were very little.
Young men now, each 3 his way in life, but they still carry a strong 4 of their origins, although Alyosha less so than Anton. While Alyosha does not often 5 the land of his Russian birth, Anton’s feelings for Ukraine run deep. When Crimea (克里米亚) joined Russia in 2014, Anton was 17.
I’m grateful that 6 the conflict, they behave as if their 7 is one of blood.
In addition to 8 , another word comes to mind: absence. I often see crowded 9 of mothers and children everywhere, huddled (蜷缩着的) in dark and 10 spaces on the news now. But my boys aren’t there. I also often see children crying as they hug tightly fathers who must 11 themselves to wars. But my sons are here, and I am available to them.
Especially, in these 12 times, when it is easy to draw battle lines and take 13 , events have, instead, pushed my sons 14 together. Staring at them, I realize that I am not looking at a Russian and a Ukrainian; I am looking at two people who love each other so much that doing the other 15 is unthinkable.
( )1.A.finishing B.unfolding
C.decreasing D.boosting
( )2.A.disliked B.attracted
C.arranged D.adopted
( )3.A.blocks B.abandons
C.makes D.dominates
( )4.A.offence B.boredom
C.sense D.discrimination
( )5.A.flee from B.take over
C.deal with D.think of
( )6.A.before B.until
C.despite D.without
( )7.A.hair B.bond
C.brain D.health
( )8.A.horror B.gratitude
C.excitement D.enthusiasm
( )9.A.gatherings B.harbours
C.airports D.stations
( )10.A.messy B.quiet
C.clean D.graceful
( )11.A.enjoy B.separate
C.express D.thank
( )12.A.ancient B.modern
C.peaceful D.troubled
( )13.A.photos B.seats
C.sides D.posts
( )14.A.farther B.higher
C.longer D.closer
( )15.A.harm B.good
C.justice D.honour
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
In one of my teaching experiences, a colleague invited me to talk to his undergraduate class about being a clinical psychologist. Afterward, a line of students stopped me before I could go out. They didn’t have questions about the lecture.1. The students’ enthusiasm showed the anxiety about navigating (正确处理) opportunity-seeking.
2. We encourage people to earn a college degree. We cheer on people who seek raises. However, emotional difficulties in opportunity-seeking and -taking can lead to our feeling stuck in the process. Because you can’t control how an opportunity will pan out, making your self-worth contingent (依情况而定的) on it creates a ground for anxiety and fear.
There are two ways that people try to deal with these feelings: avoiding opportunities and seeking them excessively. Opportunity-avoiders are too hesitant to follow through with pursuing opportunities. Since they are afraid of failure, they avoid having a try at the opportunity.3. They might also turn down opportunities that come their way because they don’t feel confident enough to pursue them.
Compulsive (无法控制行为的) opportunity-seekers get excited by the idea of an opportunity itself rather than identifying what the opportunity will mean for their quality of life. They find it painful to pass up opportunities even when they don’t have time for them and might say “yes” to thankless tasks. 4.
These two ways are well-intentioned but they are also self-defeating. The healthiest way to go about opportunity-seeking and -taking is building self-awareness.5. Additionally, have a sense of what you want, which will help you choose opportunities more purposely and carefully.
A.But I didn’t have any opportunities for them.
B.They hesitate to ask for help, sometimes out of shame.
C.Figure out whether your behaviour is clouded by emotion.
D.Rather, they were eager to seek a chance to work with me.
E.Pursuing opportunities is healthy behaviour that society celebrates.
F.It could also mean being patient for a better time to start a new opportunity.
G.As can be imagined, overloading one’s schedule does not do much to improve self-worth.
●Ⅵ 语法填空
It was Sunday, December 7, 1941. 1. usual, the wake-up call came at 5:45 am. It looked like it was going to be a normal day on board the ship. Just then there was a huge crashing sound from above. The ship shook 2. (violent) and the men looked at each other in horror. Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles. They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbour. Moments later, a bomb hit the USS Arizona.
The surprise attack came as a great shock to 3. whole nation. The next day, Roosevelt made his famous Pearl Harbour Speech, 4. (ask) the US Congress to declare war on Japan. In 5. (respond) to the attack and the address, the US 6. (join) World War Ⅱ. Today, the USS Arizona lies 7. it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Its location 8. (mark) with a memorial shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ship’s sunken 9. (remain). Although about eight decades has passed, the attack on Pearl Harbour, one of the 10. (dark) episodes in American history, will never be forgotten. (共68张PPT)
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
1.refer to…as… 称……为……
(教材P39) Among the many horrors inflicted on humanity by the
Second World War was the massive bombing of civilians, often
referred to as “terror bombing”.
对平民的大规模轰炸,通常被称为“恐怖轰炸”，是第二次世界大战给
人类造成的诸多恐怖经历之一。
(1)refer to 提及，说起;查阅,参考;涉及,与……有关
refer…to… 把……交给……
(2)reference n. 查看,查阅
in/with reference to 关于
reference book 参考书
［温馨提示］refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都需要双写“r”。
类似的词还有prefer,occur等。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
Even from his hospital bed, he continued his work, writing
letters of __________ (refer) for his colleagues and replying to
questions from his students.
reference
(2)完成句子
①The Chinese _________________________ Han, as it became
popular among the people during the Han Dynasty.
中国人称他们的语言为汉语,因为它是在汉代的时候在人们之间变得
流行的。(话题写作之语言学习)
refer to their language as
②The student ___________just now often _________ his
dictionary to teach himself.
刚才提到的那个学生经常查阅词典自学。
referred to
refers to
2.keep to … 不偏离;不跑题;遵守,信守,履行;坚守,不离开
(教材P41)Peacekeepers monitor the peace process in areas that
have experienced friction and civil wars,making sure that
previously warring parties keep to their agreements.
维和人员在经历过冲突和内战的地区监督和平进程,确保之前的交战
各方遵守协议。
(1)keep to the point/subject 紧扣要点/主题
keep to an agreement/a plan 遵守协议/计划
(2)keep sth back (from sb) 隐瞒(某人)某事
keep off (使)不靠近,(使)远离
keep out (of) 不进入;不卷入
keep up 保持,维持,继续
keep up with… 跟上,与……同步前进
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①Nothing is more irritating than people who do not keep to
the point. ________
②We must keep to our posts and shoulder the responsibility of
guarding people's safety.______
③Keep to the track, so you lessen the chance of damaging
fragile plants. ________
不跑题
坚守
不偏离
(2)用keep相关短语的适当形式填空
①I managed to stick to the diet and _________ sweet foods.
②You ____________this(=do not get involved), Mum. It's none
of your concern.
③I got the feeling that now he _____________ something
______ to avoid letting us know it.
keep off
keep out of
was keeping
back
(3)完成句子
①He __________________________, which let everyone down.
他没有遵守诺言，这使大家都很失望。
didn't keep to his promise
②The world is changing rapidly, and we should ______________
___________________.
世界正在迅速变化，我们应该跟上变化的步伐。
keep up with the pace of change
主谓一致(1)
主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上保持一致。英
语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和
就近一致原则。
集体名词的主谓一致
集体名词表示由个体组成的集体,指一群人或某一事物的总称。集
体名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数情况比较复杂,可以归纳为以下三类。
集体名词作主语
1.police,people,cattle(牛)等 集体名词,总是表示复数意 义,用作主语时,其谓语动词 要用复数形式。 The police were after him.
警察正在追捕他。
People are beginning to talk about her.
人们开始议论她。
Some cattle were drinking at the pool.
有几头牛正在池塘边饮水。
集体名词作主语
2.某些表示类别的总称的集体名词 通常只用作不可数名词,表示单数意 义,用作主语时,其后谓语动词用单数 形式,如:clothing, machinery(机械), furniture(家具),equipment (设备),poetry(诗歌),baggage/ luggage(行李), scenery(景色), jewellery(珠宝)。 His luggage was sent by air.
他的行李是空运来的。
The equipment of our factory is
ready.
我们工厂的设备已经准备好了。
续表
集体名词作主语
3.有些集体名词如family, team, class, committee(委员会), government, group,crowd, audience,public,crew(全体工作人员,全体船员)等作主语时,若视为整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若视为个体,谓语动词则用复数形式。 The family has moved to Spain.
这家人已搬去西班牙。
His family are all important
persons.
他的家人都是些重要人物。
The audience was/were very
excited by the show.
观众对演出感到非常兴奋。
续表
集体名词作主语
但是,在有些特定语境下,集体名词作 主语时谓语动词用单数形式和复数 形式均可。 The public has/have a right to
know what is in the report.
公众有权知道报告的内容。
续表
主谓一致之语法一致
语法一致指在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数,谓语动词也采用
单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词也用复数形式,主要可以归纳为以下四类:
1.主语是可数名词单数、单个不可数名 词、动名词短语、不定式或主语从句时, 谓语动词则用单数形式;主语是复数名词 或是由and连接的并列的两个或两个以上 的可数名词单数、不可数名词、动名词短 语、不定式或主语从句时,谓语动词则用 复数形式。 When to go to China
hasn't been decided.
什么时候去中国还没决定。
Playing with fire is
dangerous.
玩火是危险的。
2.定语从句中如果关系代词作主语,定语从 句中的谓语动词要和定语从句所修饰的先 行词在人称和数上保持一致。 Anyone who has questions
to ask, please come to my
office this afternoon.
有问题要问的人,请今天下午
到我办公室来。
续表
3.主语后有with,together with,along with,like,in addition to, as well as, rather than, except, but, besides, including等 词语时,谓语动词的单复数 与主语的单复数保持一 致。 The singer,along with his partner,was
rushed away from the theatre.
那位歌手和他的同伴被匆匆地从剧院里接走
了。
No one but your parents was there then.
那时只有你父母在那里。
Tom, together with Alice, is going to the
cinema this night.
汤姆和艾丽斯今晚要去看电影。
续表
4.在倒装句中,不管是完全 倒装还是部分倒装,谓语动 词的单复数都与句子的主 语保持一致,因此找准主语 是关键。 On the wall hang two maps.
墙上挂着两张地图。
On the wall hangs a world map.
墙上挂着一张世界地图。
Only after my friend came was the
computer repaired.
我朋友来后电脑才修好了。
续表
【特例】
1.“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语,虽然语义是复数,但遵
循形式一致原则,谓语动词使用单数形式。如:
Many a student fails to pass the examination.
许多学生未能通过考试。
2.trousers, shoes, glasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,但这些词
前面若有a pair of,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The shoes are worn out of shape.
这双鞋穿得变形了。
This pair of shoes is worn out of shape.
这双鞋穿得变形了。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The musician along with his band members __________ (give)
ten performances in the last three months.
2.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ___(be) often
acceptable.
3.Many a professor ___ (be) looking forward to visiting Germany
now.
has given
is
is
4.One of the questions ___ (be):Who will you turn to in times
of trouble
5.She told us that the news _____(be) very important to us.
6.It is reported that the police now ______________ (search) for
a tall， fat man with a beard.
is
was
are searching
7.If the type of the task used to improve motor skills ___(be)
intensive, repetitive and gets the hands and arms moving, it will
help those recovering from a stroke.
is
8.Her family _____(be) much larger than mine four years ago.
9.I think that our choices ______________ (influence) by our
parents sometimes.
10.You'd better keep to the paths. The bushes ____(be)
dangerous.
was
are influenced
are
Ⅱ 句型训练
1.He was late again and when he entered the classroom, the
whole class ______________________________________.
他又迟到了,当他进入教室时,全班同学正在聚精会神地听老师讲课。
were listening to the teacher attentively
2.______________________ that he gave all his money to the
Project Hope．
使我惊讶的是他把所有的钱都捐给了希望工程。
What amazed me was
3.Globally, knowing more than one language _________________
_________ and even a necessity in many areas. (view)
从全球来看,掌握一门以上的语言在许多领域被视为一种优势,甚至是
必要的。
is viewed as an advantage
4.This is the deepest book __________________________ about
philosophy.(定语从句)
这是有史以来所著的关于哲学的最深奥的书。
that has ever been written
5.______________________________ a boy of about ten, with a
book in his hand. (倒装句)
一个大约10岁、手里拿着一本书的男孩正坐在树下。
Under the tree is sitting/seated
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The building I have visited _______ (stand) at the end of the
street.
stands
2.In those countries where the shawls are sold, police
____________(get) tough with the dealers now.
are getting
3.Look! The teacher with his students, ___________ (work) in the
lab now.
is working
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4.It_____ (be) because of the strong support of the government
and the painstaking efforts of the citizens that Tangshan began
to revive itself.
was
5.Yesterday, our luggage _____________(check) all the way
through to our final destination.
was checked
6.It was a great relief to know that my family __________(be) all
safe.
was/were
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
7.The college student as well as his two roommates in his
dormitory ______________ (admit) as doctors into the famous
hospital a few days ago.
was admitted
8.We use search and rescue vehicles and trained dogs to look
for anyone who ___ (be) still alive and try our best to save
them.
is
9.In 2010, acupuncture _____________(include) in the UNESCO
List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
was included
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
10.How one treats his parents _____(have) a great influence on
his children.
has
11.Many a famous celebrity ______________ (perform) in the
concert tonight, so I'm looking forward to it very much.
is performing
12.This pair of shoes ______ (suit) me very well, and I like them
very much.
suits
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Ⅱ 语法+写作
1.I suggest you choose someone who you think ______________
_______.
我建议你选择一个你认为善良和友好的人。
is kind and friendly
2.__________________________________a routine for me while I
am having lunch.
看电视新闻对我来说已经成为我吃午饭时的例行公事。
Watching news on TV has become
3.As far as the eye can see,between the two rows of trees
__________________________.
目之所及,两排树之间耸立着一座教学楼。
stands a teaching building
1
2
3
4
5
4.The first thing I remember _______________________ by a tall
guy.
我记得的第一件事是我被一个高个子男人跟踪了。
was that I was followed
5.So rare and precious _________________________that I don't
want to throw it away.
这个机会是如此难得和珍贵，我不想把它丢掉。
is this opportunity/chance
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ 语篇型语法填空
Muju Opera is one of many existing traditional 1.________
(opera) in China. As one of the only two local operas in
Chun'an County, the opera boasts a history of more than 100
years. It 2.__________ (list) as a national intangible cultural
heritage item in 2011.
Muju Opera was developed on the 3.______ (base) of folk
literature, songs and dances, and contains the essence (精华) of
many folk performing arts such as the tea-picking opera, the
flower drum opera and Huangmei opera, as well as the Chun'an
local bamboo horse dance.
operas
was listed
basis
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Muju Opera originated in 4.____ late Qing Dynasty in
Muzhou City. Later, it 5.__________ (gradual) evolved into a
popular artistic style. Muju Opera reached 6.____ (it) peak
between 1928 and 1934. A county-level Muju Opera troupe
(剧团), 7._______ was founded in 1954, carried out
8.______________ (vary) in-depth research and brave adaptations
on the repertory, tunes, and performances of the opera. The
troupe was reformed after its disbanding in 1989.
the
gradually
its
which
various/varied
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Chun'an county is currently home 9.____ 10 professional
Muju Opera troupes and more than 30 performing teams.
10.__________(favour) by local residents, Muju Opera features a
tone similar to folk songs sung in the fields during or after
work.
to
Favoured
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅳ 完形填空
[2024·江苏扬州中学高二期中]
This world is not really peaceful. The heartbroken scenes in
the conflict between Russia and Ukraine are . .1. . day by day. I
cannot help thinking about my unique family situation. I am the
father of two adopted boys, one from Russia and the other
from Ukraine, and I . .2. . them when they were very little.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Young men now, each . .3. . his way in life, but they still
carry a strong . .4. . of their origins, although Alyosha less so
than Anton. While Alyosha does not often . .5. . the land of his
Russian birth, Anton's feelings for Ukraine run deep. When
Crimea (克里米亚) joined Russia in 2014, Anton was 17.
I'm grateful that . .6. . the conflict, they behave as if
their . .7. . is one of blood.
In addition to . .8. ., another word comes to mind: absence. I
often see crowded . .9. . of mothers and children everywhere,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
huddled (蜷缩着的) in dark and . .10. . spaces on the news now.
But my boys aren't there. I also often see children crying as
they hug tightly fathers who must . .11. . themselves to wars. But
my sons are here, and I am available to them.
Especially, in these . .12. . times, when it is easy to draw
battle lines and take . .13. ., events have, instead, pushed my
sons . .14. . together. Staring at them, I realize that I am not
looking at a Russian and a Ukrainian; I am looking at two
people who love each other so much that doing the other . .15. .
is unthinkable.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了尽管在俄罗斯和乌
克兰的冲突中，令人心碎的场景每天都在上演，但作者收养的两个
儿子(一个来自俄罗斯，一个来自乌克兰)之间的关系却变得更加紧密。
( ) 1.A.finishing B.unfolding C.decreasing D.boosting
[解析] 根据“This world is not really peaceful. The heartbroken
scenes in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine…”可知，在俄
罗斯和乌克兰之间的冲突中，令人心碎的场景每天都在发生。故选B。
finish完成；unfold发生，打开； decrease减少；boost使增长，推动。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 2.A.disliked B.attracted C.arranged D.adopted
[解析] 根据“I am the father of two adopted boys…”可知，此处指
作者收养了两个男孩。故选D。dislike不喜欢；attract吸引；arrange
安排；adopt收养。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 3.A.blocks B.abandons C.makes D.dominates
[解析] 根据“Young men now…”可知，两个孩子长大了，也有了一
些成就。make one's way in life意为“取得成就”。故选C。block阻
碍； abandon放弃；make制作，使得；dominate 支配。
( ) 4.A.offence B.boredom
C.sense D.discrimination
[解析] 根据of their origins并结合两个孩子不同的国家背景可知，
此处是指他们的身份意识。故选C。offence冒犯；boredom无聊；
sense感觉，意识； discrimination歧视。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 5.A.flee from B.take over C.deal with D.think of
[解析] 根据“…Anton's feelings for Ukraine run deep.”和表示转折
关系的while可知，和安东比起来，阿廖沙不常想起自己出生在俄罗
斯。故选D。flee from 从……逃跑；take over接管；deal with处理；
think of想起，认为。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 6.A.before B.until C.despite D.without
[解析] 根据“Staring at them, I realize that I am not looking at a
Russian and a Ukrainian; I am looking at two people who love
each other so much…”可知，两个孩子深爱着对方，因此此处指尽
管(两国)有冲突，但他们就像是真正的亲人。故选C。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 7.A.hair B.bond C.brain D.health
[解析] 根据“…is one of blood.”可知，虽然国籍不同，但他们之间
的联系就像是血亲一样。故选B。hair头发；bond联系，纽带；brain
大脑；health健康。
( ) 8.A.horror B.gratitude C.excitement D.enthusiasm
[解析] 根据“I'm grateful that…”可知，除了感激，作者还想到了另
外一个词——缺席。故选B。horror 惊恐；gratitude感激；
excitement兴奋；enthusiasm热情。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 9.A.gatherings B.harbours C.airports D.stations
[解析] 根据mothers and children everywhere及语境可知，此处是
指很多母亲和孩子聚集在一起。故选A。gathering聚会，聚集；
harbour港口；airport飞机场； station站。
( ) 10.A.messy B.quiet C.clean D.graceful
[解析] 根据“…huddled (蜷缩着的) in dark…”并结合战争背景可知，
母亲和孩子挤在黑暗和凌乱的空间里。故选A。messy凌乱的；quiet
安静的；clean干净的； graceful优雅的。
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( ) 11.A.enjoy B.separate C.express D.thank
[解析] 根据“…themselves to wars.”可知，此处是指投身战争的父亲
们，即与家人分开。故选B。enjoy喜欢，享受；separate使……分开；
express表达；thank感谢。
( ) 12.A.ancient B.modern C.peaceful D.troubled
[解析] 根据上文“This world is not really peaceful. The
heartbroken scenes in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine
are…day by day.”可知，这里指动荡的时期。故选D。ancient古老的；
modern现代的；peaceful和平的；troubled动乱的，混乱的。
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( ) 13.A.photos B.seats C.sides D.posts
[解析] 根据常识可知，在两国的争端中，人们很容易站队
(即表示支持某一方)并划清界限。take sides意为“支持某一方”。故选
C。photo照片；seat座位；side一方，一派；post邮件。
( ) 14.A.farther B.higher C.longer D.closer
[解析] 根据“…in these…times, when it is easy to draw battle
lines and take…”和表示转折意义的instead可知，与他人不同，战争
中发生的事情让作者的两个儿子的关系更加紧密。故选D。farther更
远的；higher更高的；longer更长的； closer更近的，更紧密的。
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( ) 15.A.harm B.good C.justice D.honour
[解析] 根据“…two people who love each other so much…”可知，
作者的两个儿子感情深厚，他们不会做伤害对方的事情。故选A。
harm伤害；good好处； justice公平；honour荣誉。
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Ⅴ 阅读七选五
In one of my teaching experiences, a colleague invited me
to talk to his undergraduate class about being a clinical
psychologist. Afterward, a line of students stopped me before I
could go out. They didn't have questions about the lecture.1.___
The students' enthusiasm showed the anxiety about navigating
(正确处理) opportunity-seeking.
D
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2
3
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5
2.___ We encourage people to earn a college degree. We
cheer on people who seek raises. However, emotional difficulties
in opportunity-seeking and -taking can lead to our feeling stuck
in the process. Because you can't control how an opportunity
will pan out, making your self-worth contingent (依情况而定的)
on it creates a ground for anxiety and fear.
There are two ways that people try to deal with these feelings:
avoiding opportunities and seeking them excessively.
Opportunity-avoiders are too hesitant to follow through with
E
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2
3
4
5
pursuing opportunities. Since they are afraid of failure, they
avoid having a try at the opportunity.3.___ They might also turn
down opportunities that come their way because they don't feel
confident enough to pursue them.
Compulsive (无法控制行为的) opportunity-seekers get excited
by the idea of an opportunity itself rather than identifying what
the opportunity will mean for their quality of life. They find it
painful to pass up opportunities even when they don't have
time for them and might say “yes” to thankless tasks. 4.___
B
G
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2
3
4
5
These two ways are well-intentioned but they are also self-
defeating. The healthiest way to go about opportunity-seeking
and -taking is building self-awareness.5.___ Additionally, have a
sense of what you want, which will help you choose
opportunities more purposely and carefully.
C
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4
5
A.But I didn't have any opportunities for them.
B.They hesitate to ask for help, sometimes out of shame.
C.Figure out whether your behaviour is clouded by emotion.
D.Rather, they were eager to seek a chance to work with me.
E.Pursuing opportunities is healthy behaviour that society
celebrates.
F.It could also mean being patient for a better time to start a
new opportunity.
G.As can be imagined, overloading one's schedule does not do
much to improve self-worth.
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2
3
4
5
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在寻求和把
握机会时面临的情感困难和应对方式，并提出了建立自我认知的方
式来更好地寻求和把握机会。
1.___
D
[解析] 根据上文“They didn't have questions about the lecture.”可
知，学生并没有问关于讲座的问题。选项D (相反，他们渴望找机会
和我一起工作。)承接上文内容，与上文形成转折。故选D。
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2.___
E
[解析] 空处为段首句，引出本段主要内容。根据下文“We
encourage people to earn a college degree. We cheer on
people who seek raises. However, emotional difficulties in
opportunity-seeking and -taking can lead to our feeling stuck in
the process. Because you can't control how an opportunity will
pan out, making your self-worth contingent (依情况而定的) on it
creates a ground for anxiety and fear.”可知，社会对追求机会的
人们持赞扬态度，但人们在寻求和把握机会的过程中可能会遇到情
感上的问题。选项E (追求机会是社会所赞扬的一种健康的行为。)能
够引出下文，符合语境。故选E。
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3.___
B
[解析] 根据上文“Opportunity-avoiders are too hesitant to follow
through with pursuing opportunities. Since they are afraid of
failure, they avoid having a try at the opportunity.”可知，机会逃
避者因为害怕失败而避免尝试机会，由此可推知，空处应介绍他们
可能有的其他表现或心态。选项B (他们犹豫着是否寻求帮助，有时
是因为羞耻。)中的描述与上文提到的机会逃避者的特征接近，符合
语境。故选B。
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4.___
G
[解析] 根据上文“They find it painful to pass up opportunities
even when they don't have time for them and might say ‘yes’
to thankless tasks.”可知，无法自控的机会寻求者会因为机会本身而
感到兴奋，他们甚至在没有时间的情况下也难以拒绝机会。选项G
(可以想象，过度安排日程并不会对提高自我价值有多大帮助。)与上
文介绍的机会寻求者的行为相关，即他们过度安排日程，导致自我
价值难以提高。故选G。
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5.___
C
[解析] 根据上文“These two ways are well-intentioned but they
are also self-defeating. The healthiest way to go about
opportunity-seeking and -taking is building self-awareness.”可知，
寻找和把握机会最健康的方式是建立自我意识。选项C (弄清楚你的
行为是否被情绪所影响。)与建立自我意识的概念相符。了解自己的
行为是否受到情绪的影响是建立自我意识的一个重要方面，因为它
能帮助我们更客观地看待自己的选择和决策。故选C。
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Ⅵ 语法填空
It was Sunday, December 7, 1941. 1.____ usual, the wake-
up call came at 5:45 am. It looked like it was going to be a
normal day on board the ship. Just then there was a huge
crashing sound from above. The ship shook 2._________ (violent)
and the men looked at each other in horror. Above their heads,
hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles. They were
diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbour. Moments later, a
bomb hit the USS Arizona.
As
violently
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The surprise attack came as a great shock to 3.____ whole
nation. The next day, Roosevelt made his famous Pearl Harbour
Speech, 4._______ (ask) the US Congress to declare war on
Japan. In 5._________ (respond) to the attack and the address,
the US 6._______ (join) World War Ⅱ. Today, the USS Arizona
lies 7._______ it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Its
location 8.__________ (mark) with a memorial shaped like a
bridge, which crosses the ship's sunken 9.________ (remain).
Although about eight decades has passed, the attack on Pearl
the
asking
response
joined
where
is marked
remains
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6
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Harbour, one of the 10.________(dark) episodes in American
history, will never be forgotten.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了珍珠港事件。
1.____
[解析] 考查介词。as usual意为“照旧,像往常一样”。句首单词的首字
母要大写。故填As。
2._________
[解析] 考查副词。设空处需用副词作状语,修饰谓语动词
shook,violent的副词是violently,意为“剧烈地”。故填violently。
darkest
As
violently
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3.____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。设空处后的nation特指美国,所以设空处需用定冠
词the，表示特指。故填the。
4._______
asking
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。谓语动词是made,设空处需填非谓语动词
作伴随状语, Roosevelt与ask是逻辑上的主动关系,因此设空处应用现
在分词表主动,故填asking。
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5._________
response
[解析] 考查名词。in response to意为“响应……,对……做出回应”。
故填response。
6._______
joined
[解析] 考查动词时态。美国加入二战发生在过去,此处需用一般过去
时。join的过去式为joined。故填joined。
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7._______
where
[解析] 考查状语从句。设空处引导地点状语从句,引导词需用where。
故填where。
8.__________
is marked
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是描述事实情况,故从
句“which crosses the ship's sunken…”和主句需用一般现在时。
location和mark是被动关系,应用被动语态。此处主句主语its location
为单数,所以主句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is marked。
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9.________
remains
[解析] 考查名词。设空处需填名词充当crosses的宾语。remains意为
“遗迹”,符合句意。故填remains。
10.________
darkest
[解析] 考查形容词最高级。 此处为“one of +the +形容词最高级+
名词复数”结构。dark的最高级为darkest。故填darkest。
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