Period Three Developing ideas
【课前自主探究】
Task 1: Fast Reading
1.Origin 2.conditions 3.achievements 4.Significance/Importance
Task 2: Careful Reading
1—4 CBDD
Task 3: Micro-writing
1.brought 2.To save 3.known 4.an 5.However
6.that 7.worthy 8.scientists 9.physically 10.eightieth
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.(1)①hold down ②be held up ③Hold on (2)①hold on to our dreams ②hold back my excitement ③held out my hand
2.(1)①served ②service (2)serve as a bridge
3.(1)①summary ②are summarized (2)①To sum up
②a large sum of money
4.(1)①broke into ②break away from ③break through
④broke up ⑤broke down ⑥broke out (2)broke through
5.(1)①to ②irrelevant (2)relevant experience
句型透视
(1)①(in) staying ②to worry ③that (2)①No wonder (that)/It is no wonder (that) ②It’s a wonder (that)Period Three Developing ideas
Ⅰ.1.friction 2.academic 3.emerge 4.intellectual 5.Uniforms
Ⅱ.1.stability 2.roughly 3.priceless 4.shortage
5.dedication 6.collective 7.mountainous 8.misty
9.representative 10.Despite
Ⅲ.1.serve as 2.lay the foundation 3.a sense of commitment 4.keep to 5.lit up/lighted up 6.refer to as
Ⅳ.1.no wonder (that) 2.Driven by 3.Tears of joy in her eyes 4.it was Simon who/that was calling my name
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。葵花凤头鹦鹉在澳大利亚西部很常见,它们通常生活在树木繁茂的地区。但随着森林被砍伐,葵花凤头鹦鹉已经习惯了在人类社区附近生活。科学家报告说,澳大利亚悉尼的人们正在与这种鸟类就垃圾箱展开战斗。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段“Last year, scientists at the Max Planck Institute reported that the cockatoos had learned how to open the covers of trash bins. That’s not an easy job. The cockatoos must lift the heavy cover with their beaks (鸟喙) and then walk along, pushing the cover up until it falls over.”(去年,马克斯普朗克研究所的科学家报告说,葵花凤头鹦鹉已经学会了如何打开垃圾箱的盖子。这不是一件容易的事。葵花凤头鹦鹉必须用它们的喙抬起沉重的盖子,然后向前走,把盖子往上推,直到它掉下去。)可知,葵花凤头鹦鹉很聪明。故选D。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段“This time the scientists weren’t just studying cockatoos. They were also studying humans.”(这一次科学家们不仅仅是在研究葵花凤头鹦鹉。他们也在研究人类。)和第四段“The scientists spent weeks studying more than 3,200 trash bins in four different areas of Sydney. They wanted to see how many bins were protected and what methods were used.”(科学家们花了数周时间研究了悉尼四个不同地区的3200多个垃圾箱。他们想知道有多少垃圾箱受到了保护,以及使用了什么方法。)可知,第四段中科学家们想知道人类对这种鸟类的做法有何反应。故选C。
3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers say it’s like a race between humans and cockatoos to learn new ways of doing things. Now many cockatoos have learned how to push heavy items off the bins.”(研究人员说,这就像人类和葵花凤头鹦鹉比赛学习新的做事方式。现在,许多葵花凤头鹦鹉已经学会了如何把重物从垃圾箱上推下来。)可知,研究人员在研究中发现,葵花凤头鹦鹉可以采用新的方式打开垃圾箱。故选C。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But as forests have been cut down, cockatoos have got used to living near people. Scientists report that people in Sydney, Australia are in a battle with these birds.”(但随着森林被砍伐,葵花凤头鹦鹉已经习惯了在人类附近生活。科学家们报告说,澳大利亚悉尼的人们正在与这些鸟类战斗。)和最后一段“The scientists describe the situation as a ‘human-wildlife conflict’. They expect these conflicts will become more common as humans take over more areas that used to be wild.”(科学家们将这种情况描述为“人类与野生动物的冲突”。他们预计,随着人类占领更多曾经是荒野的地区,这些冲突将变得更加普遍。)可知,文章主要介绍了葵花凤头鹦鹉和澳大利亚悉尼的人们就垃圾箱展开的战斗。故选A。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了战争摧毁了作者的学校,作者在离开家园之前,决定去自己的学校打扫教室,并在学校的废墟里弹奏了一首曲子。
1.C 由下文“I put all of my sorrow and pain into the music I played on the piano…”可知,作者把所有的悲伤和痛苦都投入到自己弹奏的钢琴曲中,由此可推知,作者弹奏的音乐应该是令人心碎的,故选C。dull无聊的;delightful令人愉快的;heartbreaking令人心碎的;solemn严肃的。
2.B 由上文miraculously和后文“Only the piano was left behind…”可知,钢琴奇迹般地在空袭中幸存下来,故选B。celebrate庆祝;survive幸存;worsen变坏;reduce减少。
3.D 由上文“…I played on the piano…”可知,作者在弹钢琴,所以此处指轻轻地敲击琴键,故选D。window窗户;wall墙;ball球;key钥匙,(钢琴或其他乐器的)键。
4.A 由下文a bomb crater可知,此处指被爆炸声惊醒,故选A。explosion爆炸;clock时钟;music音乐;nature自然。
5.B 由上文“…my body trembling with…”和下文“I could hear the terrible screams and cries.”可知,作者因害怕而身体颤抖,故选B。thrill兴奋;fear害怕;eagerness渴望;embarrassment尴尬。
6.D 由下文“…my head with my hands.”可知,作者用手护住头,故选D。touch触碰;pat轻拍;push推;cover覆盖,掩护,盖住。
7.A 由下文“…in panic without warm clothes overnight, some still wearing just their pajamas.”和上文提到的空袭可知,许多人惊慌失措地逃离,故选A。flee逃离;walk走路;disrupt扰乱;sleep睡觉。
8.B 由上文the ruins of the school corridor可知,空袭之后,学校成为废墟,故选B。facility设备;ruin废墟;blueprint蓝图;shadow影子。
9.B 由下文“…as I worried that there could be more dangers.”可知,因为担心还会有更多的危险,所以作者刚开始没有准备好去学校,故选B。afraid害怕的;ready准备好的;hesitant犹豫不决的;ambitious 雄心勃勃的。
10.D 由上文“But thinking of the fact that the place where I had my most vivid childhood memories was a bomb crater, my fear turned into…”中的but可知,前后文是转折关系,上文提到作者没有准备好去学校,此处应该指作者最后去了学校,即作者鼓足勇气去了学校,故选D。loss损失;stress压力;curiosity好奇心;courage勇气。
11.A 由“It was the war that left millions of children without…to education, security and a happy childhood.”可知,战争使数百万儿童无法获得教育、安全和快乐的童年,access to是固定搭配,意为“有机会使用/获得”,故选A。access进入,(使用或见到的)机会;devotion奉献;barrier障碍;analysis 分析。
12.C 由上文“What was supposed to be a place of…”可知,如果没有战争,这里本该是充满安全和希望的地方,故选C。violence暴力;aggression攻击性;safety安全;compassion同情。
13.C 由上文shaky和上文提到的战争爆发使这里的人们连夜逃跑可知,战争使这里成了摇摇欲坠的空壳,故选C。full 满的;tight紧的;empty空的;strong 强壮的。
14.D 由上文the war和下文any hope of celebration可知,战争摧毁了庆祝的希望,故选D。depend on依靠;light up点亮;take in吸收;wipe out彻底消灭,全部摧毁。
15.C 由“How I wish my school could be…soon.”可知,作者希望自己的学校能尽快被重建,故选C。decorate装饰;design设计;reconstruct重建;recommend推荐。Period Three Developing ideas
Task 1: Fast Reading
Task 2: Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
( )1.What does the word “epic” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Brave.
B.Impressive.
C.Long and difficult.
D.Large.
( )2.What drove many students to join the army to resist the Japanese invaders
A.The cruelty of war.
B.A sense of commitment.
C.A desire for survival.
D.A sense of glory.
( )3.What is the theme of Zha Liangzheng’s poem in the passage
A.To call on people to fight with the invaders.
B.To remind people of hardships Chinese people suffered.
C.To advise students to study in Lianda.
D.To describe the contributions his peers made.
( )4.Why has Lianda become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities
A.Because it was a product of the war.
B.Because it was an honour of the nation.
C.Because of its collective memory.
D.Because of its spirit of perseverance.
Task 3: Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
In 1937, the aggression of the Japanese army 1. (bring) disaster to China’s three great universities: Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University. 2. (save) their educational and intellectual heritage, the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University, otherwise 3. (know) as Lianda.
Professors and students alike in the three universities made 4. epic journey over a distance of more than 2,000 kilometres. They experienced a lot of difficulties and dangers. 5. , despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, 6. the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the 7. (worth) academics of Lianda. Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China and many of China’s leading scholars and 8. (scientist) emerged at Lianda.
A product of the war, Lianda is now 9. (physical) gone. But it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities. In 2017, representatives from four universities gathered to celebrate the 10. (eighty) anniversary of its founding.
1.hold down 压住,按住;保住;限制,压制
(教材P43) “On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away,” he said.“在刮风的日子里,我们不得不把桌子上的纸压住,否则它会被吹走,”他说。
hold up 举起;抬起;阻碍;延迟;支撑
hold back (使)犹豫;阻止;隐瞒;抑制
hold out 伸出;(困难环境中)坚持,维持
hold on to 抓紧,不放开;保住(优势);不送(或不卖)某物
hold on 等着,停住;坚持住;等一下,别挂断
【活学活用】
(1)用hold相关短语的适当形式填空
①It was a pity that he failed to a job after his breakdown.
②I do hope my application for leave won’t too long.
③ a minute while I get my breath back.
(2)完成句子
①Each of us should and believe in ourselves.
我们每个人都应该坚持自己的梦想,相信自己。
②Hardly could I when I heard that you would come to China.
听说你要来中国,我几乎无法抑制激动的心情。
③I and shook hands with her.
我伸出手去与她握手。(读后续写之动作描写)
2.serve as… 充当,担任;起……的作用
(教材P44) Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters, one tenth were from Lianda, including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong.
在来自中国各地的数千名担任口译员的大学生中,有十分之一来自联大,包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。
(1)serve sb (with sth) (用某物)招待某人
(2)servant n. 仆人
service n. 服务;兵役
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The food (serve) in some wonderful restaurants in the city is usually cheap and fine.
②[2023·全国乙卷] After she graduated from medical school, she went to volunteer medical (serve) in Africa.
(2)完成句子
From this experience I have learnt that questioning can that helps us to seek the truth.
从这次经历中我明白了,提问可以作为桥梁,帮助我们寻找真相。(读后续写之总结句)
3.sum n. 金额,款项;总数 v. 总计;总结,概括
(教材P46) In 1938, the Japanese army offered a large sum of money for Yang’s head and a large number of troops surrounded his men. 1938年,日军重金悬赏杨靖宇的头颅,大量士兵包围了他的军队。
(1)a large sum of 一大笔
(2)sum up 总结,概括
to sum up 总之,概括地说
(3)summary n. 总结,概括,概要
summarize v. 总结,概述
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It can be useful to write a short (summarize) of your argument first.
②As we can see, the results of the latest research (summarize) by the author at the end of his paper.
(2)完成句子
① , the project was a success due to effective teamwork and careful planning.
总之,由于有效的团队合作和周密的计划,该项目取得了成功。
②As she opened the envelope and saw , tears welled up in her eyes, and she was overwhelmed by gratitude.
当她打开信封,看到一大笔钱时,她热泪盈眶,感激之情溢于言表。(读后续写之情感描写)
4.break through 突破,突围,冲破;从云层后露出;克服,战胜
(教材P46)In early 1940, facing a critical lack of supplies, Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups, but his own section of 60 men was betrayed to the Japanese. 1940年初,面对严重的物资短缺,杨靖宇决定让他的部下以小队突围,但他自己的60人小分队却被人出卖给了日军。
break into 强行闯入
break away from 逃走,逃脱
break down 出故障, 坏掉; 垮掉, 崩
溃; 失败; 分解
break out 突然发生
break up 粉碎, 分裂; (婚姻等)结束
【活学活用】
(1)用break相关短语的适当形式填空
①Someone her house while she was away on business.
②The thief tried to the policeman who was holding him but failed.
③Scientists think they are beginning to in the fight against cancer.
④The band in 1970, but the Beatles’ impact on pop culture is still great today.
⑤Our car on the way home, which made us very frustrated.
⑥I was in a nightclub in Brixton and a fight .
(2)完成句子
The sun at last yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午太阳终于拨云而出。(读后续写之自然环境描写)
5.relevant adj. 有关的,切题的;有价值的,有意义的
(教材P48) Prepare a short presentation on one of the topics from Activity 2 or think of another relevant topic. 就活动2中的一个主题准备一个简短的展示,或者考虑另一个相关的主题。
(1)be relevant to… 与……有关
(2)irrelevant adj. 无关紧要的;不相关的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Data and statistics relevant this topic should be presented to people present at the meeting to make informed choices.
②In an era of information explosion, people can easily be distracted by (relevant)information.
(2)完成句子
The reason why I can apply for the job is that I have .
我之所以能申请这份工作,是因为我有相关的经验。(应用文写作之申请信)
(教材P43) It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.难怪许多——如果不是大多数的话——中国顶尖的学者和科学家都是联大出身,其中就包括两位获得诺贝尔奖的物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
It is no wonder that…
句型公式
【句式点拨】
“It’s no wonder that…”表示“难怪,怪不得”,在it is no wonder中it为形式主语,后面的that从句是真正的主语,有时it is 可以省略,变成“No wonder that+从句”。
【归纳拓展】
(1)(It’s) no/little/small wonder (that)…
……不足为奇/并不奇怪。
It’s a wonder (that)…
令人惊奇的是……;莫名其妙的是……
(2)It is no use/good doing sth.做某事无益。
There is no doubt that…毫无疑问……
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.
做某事无意义。
There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Now that we have finished our work,there is no point (stay) any longer; we may as well go home.
②There is no need (worry); everything will be all right.
③He is the best student in the school. There is no doubt he can get the first prize.
(2)完成句子
① some tai chi moves are named after animals—Chinese martial arts have a long-standing practice of imitating animals.
难怪有些太极拳招式是以动物命名的——中国武术有模仿动物的悠久惯例。(话题写作之传统文化)
② he was just a little hurt falling off the tall tree.
令人惊奇的是他从那棵高树上掉下来只受了一点伤。Period Three Developing ideas
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.A smile shows you are attentive to the issues you are discussing, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or cause (冲突).
2.The ambitious students constantly pushed themselves to achieve top grades and (学术的) success.
3.However, when I got a bit closer to my objective , problems began to (出现).
4.The app attracted many Mandarin learners, whose primary motivation to try the language was for (智力的)development.
5.U , while necessary for many professions, are not typically considered “in fashion ” in everyday wear.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.Li Bai grew up in the most prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty, a time of economic boom and social (stable).
2.“That sort of thing makes me sick,” he said (rough).
3.The museum is known for a (price) collection of antiques .
4.For sure, there is little (short) of fascinating scenery around here.
5.She worked with great (dedicate) to find a cure for the disease.
6.Do you have any excuses to offer for frequent absence from (collect) practice
7.We left the rough track and bumped our way over a rugged (mountain) region.
8.Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see (mist) clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.
9.He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a (represent).
10. immense hardships, she persevered in her pursuits, determined to excel and constantly pushing the boundaries of her capabilities.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.He volunteered to (担任) our travel guide while we were travelling.
2.We can only (奠定基础) and it won’t necessarily go as we plan.
3.And I said, you know, we need to get every young person to really get (奉献精神) and to work hard.
4.Nothing is more annoying than people who do not (不跑题,切题) the point during the course of discussion.
5.He overlooked all the “No Smoking” signs and (点燃) a cigarette.
6.In this passage, we’ll explore what I (称作) the “slow-carb diet”.
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1.He has won first prize. It is he becomes ambitious and confident again.
他获得了一等奖。难怪他再次变得雄心勃勃、充满自信。
2. heaven-knows-what motives , he determines to write a book. (非谓语)
不知出于什么动机,他决定要写一本书。
3. , she saw her daughter married. (独立主格)
她眼含喜悦的泪水,看着女儿嫁了出去。
4.As I was walking to the door of the dormitory , .(强调句)
当我正朝着宿舍门口走去时,是西蒙(Simon)在叫我的名字。
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
Sulphur-crested cockatoos (葵花凤头鹦鹉) are common in western Australia, where they normally live in wooded areas. But as forests have been cut down, cockatoos have got used to living near people. Scientists report that people in Sydney, Australia are in a battle with these birds.
Last year, scientists at the Max Planck Institute reported that the cockatoos had learned how to open the covers of trash bins. That’s not an easy job. The cockatoos must lift the heavy cover with their beaks (鸟喙) and then walk along, pushing the cover up until it falls over.
When scientists first began studying the cockatoos in 2018, only three areas near Sydney had cover-opening cockatoos. A year and a half later, cockatoos in 44 different areas knew the trick. This time the scientists weren’t just studying cockatoos. They were also studying humans.
The scientists spent weeks studying more than 3,200 trash bins in four different areas of Sydney. They wanted to see how many bins were protected and what methods were used.
In one area, over half the bins were protected. The most common way of protecting the bins was to put a brick or some other heavy objects on the cover. Some people put things like rubber snakes on the top of their bins. The scientists discovered that the humans were teaching each other tricks, too. In most neighbourhoods, many people used the same cockatoo-stopping methods as their neighbours.
The researchers say it’s like a race between humans and cockatoos to learn new ways of doing things. Now many cockatoos have learned how to push heavy items off the bins. As a result, humans have figured out ways to attach the items to the top of their bins. The scientists describe the situation as a “human-wildlife conflict”. They expect these conflicts will become more common as humans take over more areas that used to be wild.
( )1.What can we infer about the cockatoos from the text
A.They like copying humans’ behaviour.
B.They are newly found in Australia.
C.They don’t like living with people.
D.They are very clever birds.
( )2.What did the scientists want to know in Paragraph 4
A.How the cockatoos learned the trick.
B.Why the birds in more areas did the trick.
C.How humans responded to the birds’ trick.
D.Why humans taught the birds to do the trick.
( )3.What did the researchers find about cockatoos in their research
A.They wanted their habitat back.
B.They intended to make humans angry.
C.They could adopt new ways to open bins.
D.They disliked looking for food themselves.
( )4.What is the best title for the text
A.A battle over trash bins between cockatoos and humans
B.A human-wildlife conflict all over Australia
C.A problem caused by cockatoos to humans
D.A big problem of “homeless” cockatoos
●Ⅵ 完形填空
The sound of the music floated through the ruins of the school corridor. Its 1 melody filled the empty classrooms. I put all of my sorrow and pain into the music I played on the piano, which miraculously 2 the air attack. As I gently struck the 3 , horrible scenes kept flashing through my mind.
Like millions across the city, I woke up to the sound of the 4 last night. I remembered waking up, my body trembling with 5 . I just hid behind the couch and 6 my head with my hands. I could hear the terrible screams and cries. On the street, many 7 in panic without warm clothes overnight, some still wearing just their pajamas.
The next morning, I looked out of the window and saw the 8 of my school. Although my family had already packed necessary belongings for evacuation (撤离), I decided to help clean the classrooms where I had studied for the last 10 years before leaving. I wasn’t 9 to come to the school at first, as I worried that there could be more dangers. But thinking of the fact that the place where I had my most vivid childhood memories was a bomb crater, my fear turned into 10 .
It was the war that left millions of children without 11 to education, security and a happy childhood. What was supposed to be a place of 12 and hope became a shaky and 13 shell. Only the piano was left behind, which I had planned to play at my graduation ceremony. But the war 14 any hope of celebration.
How I wish my school could be 15 soon.
( )1.A.dull B.delightful
C.heartbreaking D.solemn
( )2.A.celebrated B.survived
C.worsened D.reduced
( )3.A.windows B.walls
C.balls D.keys
( )4.A.explosion B.clock
C.music D.nature
( )5.A.thrill B.fear
C.eagerness D.embarrassment
( )6.A.touched B.patted
C.pushed D.covered
( )7.A.fled B.walked
C.disrupted D.slept
( )8.A.facilities B.ruins
C.blueprints D.shadows
( )9.A.afraid B.ready
C.hesitant D.ambitious
( )10.A.loss B.stress
C.curiosity D.courage
( )11.A.access B.devotion
C.barriers D.analysis
( )12.A.violence B.aggression
C.safety D.compassion
( )13.A.full B.tight
C.empty D.strong
( )14.A.depended on B.lit up
C.took in D.wiped out
( )15.A.decorated B.designed
C.reconstructed D.recommended(共67张PPT)
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
练习册
Task 1：Fast Reading
Origin
conditions
achievements
Significance/
Importance
Task 2：Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to
the text.
( ) 1.What does the word “epic” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Brave. B.Impressive.
C.Long and difficult. D.Large.
( ) 2.What drove many students to join the army to resist
the Japanese invaders
A.The cruelty of war. B.A sense of commitment.
C.A desire for survival. D.A sense of glory.
√
√
( ) 3.What is the theme of Zha Liangzheng's poem in the
passage
A.To call on people to fight with the invaders.
B.To remind people of hardships Chinese people suffered.
C.To advise students to study in Lianda.
D.To describe the contributions his peers made.
√
( ) 4.Why has Lianda become the crowning glory of China's
modern universities
A.Because it was a product of the war.
B.Because it was an honour of the nation.
C.Because of its collective memory.
D.Because of its spirit of perseverance.
√
Task 3：Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
In 1937, the aggression of the Japanese army
1._________(bring) disaster to China's three great universities:
Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University.
2._________(save) their educational and intellectual heritage, the
three universities joined together in Kunming as National
Southwest Associated University, otherwise 3._______ (know) as
Lianda.
brought
To save
known
Professors and students alike in the three universities made
4.____ epic journey over a distance of more than 2,000
kilometres. They experienced a lot of difficulties and dangers.
5._________, despite the immense hardships and the daunting
challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight
long years, 6._____ the nation's intellectual heritage was not
only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the
7.________(worth) academics of Lianda. Lianda provided the
largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China
an
However
that
worthy
and many of China's leading scholars and 8._________ (scientist)
emerged at Lianda.
A product of the war, Lianda is now 9.__________ (physical)
gone. But it has become the crowning glory of China's modern
universities. In 2017, representatives from four universities
gathered to celebrate the 10._________ (eighty) anniversary of
its founding.
scientists
physically
eightieth
1.hold down 压住,按住;保住;限制,压制
(教材P43) “On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on
the desk, which would otherwise be blown away,” he said.“在刮
风的日子里,我们不得不把桌子上的纸压住,否则它会被吹走,”他说。
hold up 举起;抬起;阻碍;延迟;支撑
hold back (使)犹豫;阻止;隐瞒;抑制
hold out 伸出;(困难环境中)坚持，维持
hold on to 抓紧，不放开;保住(优势);不送(或不卖)某物
hold on 等着，停住;坚持住;等一下，别挂断
【活学活用】
(1)用hold相关短语的适当形式填空
①It was a pity that he failed to ___________ a job after his
breakdown.
②I do hope my application for leave won't ____________ too
long.
③_________ a minute while I get my breath back.
hold down
be held up
Hold on
(2)完成句子
①Each of us should _______________________ and believe in
ourselves.
我们每个人都应该坚持自己的梦想，相信自己。
hold on to our dreams
②Hardly could I _________________________ when I heard that
you would come to China.
听说你要来中国，我几乎无法抑制激动的心情。
hold back my excitement
③I __________________ and shook hands with her.
我伸出手去与她握手。(读后续写之动作描写)
held out my hand
2.serve as… 充当,担任；起……的作用
(教材P44) Of the thousands of college students from all over
China who served as interpreters, one tenth were from Lianda,
including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu
Yuanchong.
在来自中国各地的数千名担任口译员的大学生中,有十分之一来自联
大,包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。
(1)serve sb (with sth) (用某物)招待某人
(2)servant n. 仆人
service n. 服务;兵役
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The food _______(serve) in some wonderful restaurants in the
city is usually cheap and fine.
②[2023·全国乙卷] After she graduated from medical school, she
went to volunteer medical ________ (serve) in Africa.
served
service
(2)完成句子
From this experience I have learnt that questioning can
__________________ that helps us to seek the truth.
从这次经历中我明白了,提问可以作为桥梁,帮助我们寻找真相。
(读后续写之总结句)
serve as a bridge
3.sum n. 金额,款项;总数 v. 总计;总结,概括
(教材P46) In 1938, the Japanese army offered a large sum of
money for Yang's head and a large number of troops
surrounded his men. 1938年,日军重金悬赏杨靖宇的头颅,大量士兵
包围了他的军队。
(1)a large sum of 一大笔
(2)sum up 总结，概括
to sum up 总之，概括地说
(3)summary n. 总结，概括，概要
summarize v. 总结,概述
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It can be useful to write a short __________ (summarize) of
your argument first.
②As we can see, the results of the latest research ______
___________(summarize) by the author at the end of his paper.
summary
are summarized
(2)完成句子
①____________, the project was a success due to effective
teamwork and careful planning.
总之，由于有效的团队合作和周密的计划，该项目取得了成功。
To sum up
②As she opened the envelope and saw ________________
______, tears welled up in her eyes, and she was overwhelmed
by gratitude.
当她打开信封，看到一大笔钱时，她热泪盈眶，感激之情溢于言表。
(读后续写之情感描写)
a large sum of money
4.break through 突破,突围,冲破;从云层后露出；克服，战胜
(教材P46)In early 1940, facing a critical lack of supplies, Yang
decided to let his men break through in small groups, but his
own section of 60 men was betrayed to the Japanese. 1940年初,
面对严重的物资短缺,杨靖宇决定让他的部下以小队突围,但他自己的
60人小分队却被人出卖给了日军。
break into 强行闯入
break away from 逃走，逃脱
break down 出故障, 坏掉; 垮掉, 崩溃; 失败; 分解
break out 突然发生
break up 粉碎, 分裂; (婚姻等)结束
【活学活用】
(1)用break相关短语的适当形式填空
①Someone ___________ her house while she was away on
business.
②The thief tried to _________________ the policeman who was
holding him but failed.
③Scientists think they are beginning to ______________ in the
fight against cancer.
broke into
break away from
break through
④The band __________ in 1970, but the Beatles' impact on pop
culture is still great today.
⑤Our car ____________ on the way home, which made us very
frustrated.
⑥I was in a nightclub in Brixton and a fight ___________.
broke up
broke down
broke out
(2)完成句子
The sun _______________ at last yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午太阳终于拨云而出。(读后续写之自然环境描写)
broke through
5.relevant adj. 有关的,切题的;有价值的，有意义的
(教材P48) Prepare a short presentation on one of the topics
from Activity 2 or think of another relevant topic. 就活动2中的
一个主题准备一个简短的展示,或者考虑另一个相关的主题。
(1)be relevant to… 与……有关
(2)irrelevant adj. 无关紧要的;不相关的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Data and statistics relevant ____this topic should be presented
to people present at the meeting to make informed choices.
②In an era of information explosion, people can easily be
distracted by __________ (relevant) information.
to
irrelevant
(2)完成句子
The reason why I can apply for the job is that I have
___________________.
我之所以能申请这份工作,是因为我有相关的经验。(应用文写作之申
请信)
relevant experience
(教材P43) It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's
leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including
the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and
Li Zhengdao.难怪许多——如果不是大多数的话——中国顶尖的学
者和科学家都是联大出身,其中就包括两位获得诺贝尔奖的物理学家
杨振宁和李政道。
句型公式
It is no wonder that…
【句式点拨】
“It's no wonder that…”表示“难怪,怪不得”,在it is no wonder中it为
形式主语,后面的that从句是真正的主语,有时it is 可以省略,变成“No
wonder that+从句”。
【归纳拓展】
(1)(It's) no/little/small wonder (that)…
……不足为奇/并不奇怪。
It's a wonder (that)…
令人惊奇的是……;莫名其妙的是……
(2)It is no use/good doing sth. 做某事无益。
There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问……
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth. 做某事无意义。
There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Now that we have finished our work,there is no point
____________ (stay) any longer; we may as well go home.
②There is no need _________ (worry); everything will be all
right.
③He is the best student in the school. There is no doubt _____
he can get the first prize.
(in) staying
to worry
that
(2)完成句子
①______________________________________some tai chi moves
are named after animals—Chinese martial arts have a long-
standing practice of imitating animals.
难怪有些太极拳招式是以动物命名的——中国武术有模仿动物的悠
久惯例。(话题写作之传统文化)
No wonder (that)/It is no wonder (that)
②___________________ he was just a little hurt falling off the
tall tree.
令人惊奇的是他从那棵高树上掉下来只受了一点伤。
It's a wonder (that)
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.A smile shows you are attentive to the issues you are
discussing, while looking away with your arms folded can
indicate disinterest and create distrust or cause ________ (冲突).
friction
2.The ambitious students constantly pushed themselves to
achieve top grades and __________ (学术的) success.
academic
1
2
3
4
5
3.However, when I got a bit closer to my objective, problems
began to ________(出现).
emerge
4.The app attracted many Mandarin learners, whose primary
motivation to try the language was for ___________(智力的)
development.
intellectual
5.U________, while necessary for many professions, are not
typically considered “in fashion” in everyday wear.
niforms
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅱ 单句填空
1.Li Bai grew up in the most prosperous period of the Tang
Dynasty, a time of economic boom and social ________ (stable).
stability
2.“That sort of thing makes me sick,” he said ________ (rough).
roughly
3.The museum is known for a _________ (price) collection of
antiques.
priceless
4.For sure, there is little _________ (short) of fascinating scenery
around here.
shortage
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.She worked with great ___________ (dedicate) to find a cure
for the disease.
dedication
6.Do you have any excuses to offer for frequent absence from
__________ (collect) practice
collective
7.We left the rough track and bumped our way over a rugged
_____________ (mountain) region.
mountainous
8.Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see
______(mist) clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is
on the south side of the lake.
misty
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a
______________ (represent).
representative
10.________ immense hardships, she persevered in her pursuits,
determined to excel and constantly pushing the boundaries of
her capabilities.
Despite
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅲ 短语填空
1.He volunteered to _________ (担任) our travel guide while we
were travelling.
serve as
2.We can only __________________ (奠定基础) and it won't
necessarily go as we plan.
lay the foundation
3.And I said, you know, we need to get every young person to
really get _______________________ (奉献精神) and to work
hard.
a sense of commitment
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.Nothing is more annoying than people who do not _________
(不跑题,切题) the point during the course of discussion.
keep to
5.He overlooked all the “No Smoking” signs and _____________
___(点燃) a cigarette.
lit up/lighted up
6.In this passage, we'll explore what I ___________ (称作) the
“slow-carb diet”.
refer to as
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ 句型训练
1.He has won first prize. It is _________________ he becomes
ambitious and confident again.
他获得了一等奖。难怪他再次变得雄心勃勃、充满自信。
no wonder (that)
2.__________ heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to
write a book. (非谓语)
不知出于什么动机,他决定要写一本书。
Driven by
1
2
3
4
3.________________________ , she saw her daughter married.
(独立主格)
她眼含喜悦的泪水，看着女儿嫁了出去。
Tears of joy in her eyes
4.As I was walking to the door of the dormitory, ________
___________________________________.(强调句)
当我正朝着宿舍门口走去时,是西蒙(Simon)在叫我的名字。
it was Simon who/that was calling my name
1
2
3
4
Ⅴ 阅读理解
Sulphur-crested cockatoos (葵花凤头鹦鹉) are common in
western Australia, where they normally live in wooded areas. But
as forests have been cut down, cockatoos have got used to
living near people. Scientists report that people in Sydney,
Australia are in a battle with these birds.
Last year, scientists at the Max Planck Institute reported that
the cockatoos had learned how to open the covers of trash
1
2
3
4
bins. That's not an easy job. The cockatoos must lift the heavy
cover with their beaks (鸟喙) and then walk along, pushing the
cover up until it falls over.
When scientists first began studying the cockatoos in 2018,
only three areas near Sydney had cover-opening cockatoos. A
year and a half later, cockatoos in 44 different areas knew the
trick. This time the scientists weren't just studying cockatoos.
They were also studying humans.
1
2
3
4
The scientists spent weeks studying more than 3,200 trash
bins in four different areas of Sydney. They wanted to see how
many bins were protected and what methods were used.
In one area, over half the bins were protected. The most
common way of protecting the bins was to put a brick or some
other heavy objects on the cover. Some people put things like
rubber snakes on the top of their bins. The scientists discovered
that the humans were teaching each other tricks, too. In most
neighbourhoods, many people used the same cockatoo-stopping
methods as their neighbours.
1
2
3
4
The researchers say it's like a race between humans and
cockatoos to learn new ways of doing things. Now many
cockatoos have learned how to push heavy items off the bins.
As a result, humans have figured out ways to attach the items
to the top of their bins. The scientists describe the situation as
a “human-wildlife conflict”. They expect these conflicts will
become more common as humans take over more areas that
used to be wild.
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。葵花凤头鹦鹉在澳大利亚西部很常
见,它们通常生活在树木繁茂的地区。但随着森林被砍伐,葵花凤头鹦
鹉已经习惯了在人类社区附近生活。科学家报告说,澳大利亚悉尼的
人们正在与这种鸟类就垃圾箱展开战斗。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.What can we infer about the cockatoos from the text
A.They like copying humans' behaviour.
B.They are newly found in Australia.
C.They don't like living with people.
D.They are very clever birds.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段“Last year, scientists at the Max
Planck Institute reported that the cockatoos had learned how to
open the covers of trash bins. That's not an easy job. The
cockatoos must lift the heavy cover with their beaks (鸟喙) and
then walk along, pushing the cover up until it falls over.”
(去年,马克斯普朗克研究所的科学家报告说,葵花凤头鹦鹉已经学会了
如何打开垃圾箱的盖子。这不是一件容易的事。葵花凤头鹦鹉必须
用它们的喙抬起沉重的盖子,然后向前走,把盖子往上推,直到它掉下
去。)可知,葵花凤头鹦鹉很聪明。故选D。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.What did the scientists want to know in Paragraph 4
A.How the cockatoos learned the trick.
B.Why the birds in more areas did the trick.
C.How humans responded to the birds' trick.
D.Why humans taught the birds to do the trick.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段“This time the scientists weren't
just studying cockatoos. They were also studying humans.”
(这一次科学家们不仅仅是在研究葵花凤头鹦鹉。他们也在研究人
类。)和第四段“The scientists spent weeks studying more than
3,200 trash bins in four different areas of Sydney. They wanted
to see how many bins were protected and what methods were
used.”(科学家们花了数周时间研究了悉尼四个不同地区的3200多个
垃圾箱。他们想知道有多少垃圾箱受到了保护,以及使用了什么方
法。)可知,第四段中科学家们想知道人类对这种鸟类的做法有何反应。
故选C。
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What did the researchers find about cockatoos in their
research
A.They wanted their habitat back.
B.They intended to make humans angry.
C.They could adopt new ways to open bins.
D.They disliked looking for food themselves.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers say it's like a
race between humans and cockatoos to learn new ways of
doing things. Now many cockatoos have learned how to push
heavy items off the bins.”(研究人员说,这就像人类和葵花凤头鹦鹉
比赛学习新的做事方式。现在,许多葵花凤头鹦鹉已经学会了如何把
重物从垃圾箱上推下来。)可知,研究人员在研究中发现，葵花凤头鹦
鹉可以采用新的方式打开垃圾箱。故选C。
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.What is the best title for the text
A.A battle over trash bins between cockatoos and humans
B.A human-wildlife conflict all over Australia
C.A problem caused by cockatoos to humans
D.A big problem of “homeless” cockatoos
[解析] 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But as forests have been cut
down, cockatoos have got used to living near people. Scientists
report that people in Sydney, Australia are in a battle with these
birds.”(但随着森林被砍伐,葵花凤头鹦鹉已经习惯了在人类附近生活。
√
1
2
3
4
科学家们报告说,澳大利亚悉尼的人们正在与这些鸟类战斗。)和最后
一段“The scientists describe the situation as a ‘human-wildlife
conflict’. They expect these conflicts will become more common
as humans take over more areas that used to be wild.”
(科学家们将这种情况描述为“人类与野生动物的冲突”。他们预计,随
着人类占领更多曾经是荒野的地区,这些冲突将变得更加普遍。)可知,
文章主要介绍了葵花凤头鹦鹉和澳大利亚悉尼的人们就垃圾箱展开
的战斗。故选A。
1
2
3
4
Ⅵ 完形填空
The sound of the music floated through the ruins of the
school corridor. Its . .1. . melody filled the empty classrooms. I
put all of my sorrow and pain into the music I played on the
piano, which miraculously . .2. . the air attack. As I gently struck
the . .3. ., horrible scenes kept flashing through my mind.
Like millions across the city, I woke up to the sound of
the . .4. . last night. I remembered waking up, my body trembling
with . .5. .. I just hid behind the couch and . .6. . my head with
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
my hands. I could hear the terrible screams and cries. On the
street, many . .7. . in panic without warm clothes overnight, some
still wearing just their pajamas.
The next morning, I looked out of the window and saw
the . .8. . of my school. Although my family had already packed
necessary belongings for evacuation (撤离), I decided to help
clean the classrooms where I had studied for the last 10 years
before leaving. I wasn't . .9. . to come to the school at first, as I
worried that there could be more dangers.
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But thinking of the fact that the place where I had my most
vivid childhood memories was a bomb crater, my fear turned
into . .10. ..
It was the war that left millions of children without . .11. . to
education, security and a happy childhood. What was supposed
to be a place of . .12. . and hope became a shaky and . .13. .
shell. Only the piano was left behind, which I had planned to
play at my graduation ceremony. But the war . .14. . any hope of
celebration.
How I wish my school could be . .15. . soon.
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【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了战争摧毁了作者的
学校,作者在离开家园之前,决定去自己的学校打扫教室,并在学校的废
墟里弹奏了一首曲子。
( ) 1.A.dull B.delightful
C.heartbreaking D.solemn
[解析] 由下文“I put all of my sorrow and pain into the music I
played on the piano…”可知,作者把所有的悲伤和痛苦都投入到自己
弹奏的钢琴曲中,由此可推知,作者弹奏的音乐应该是令人心碎的,故选
C。dull无聊的;delightful令人愉快的;heartbreaking令人心碎的;
solemn严肃的。
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( ) 2.A.celebrated B.survived C.worsened D.reduced
[解析] 由上文miraculously和后文“Only the piano was left
behind…”可知，钢琴奇迹般地在空袭中幸存下来,故选B。celebrate
庆祝;survive幸存;worsen变坏;reduce减少。
( ) 3.A.windows B.walls C.balls D.keys
[解析] 由上文“…I played on the piano…”可知,作者在弹钢琴,所以
此处指轻轻地敲击琴键,故选D。window窗户;wall墙;ball球;key钥匙,
(钢琴或其他乐器的)键。
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( ) 4.A.explosion B.clock C.music D.nature
[解析] 由下文a bomb crater可知,此处指被爆炸声惊醒,故选A。
explosion爆炸;clock时钟;music音乐;nature自然。
( ) 5.A.thrill B.fear
C.eagerness D.embarrassment
[解析] 由上文“…my body trembling with…”和下文“I could hear
the terrible screams and cries.”可知,作者因害怕而身体颤抖,故选B。
thrill兴奋;fear害怕;eagerness渴望;embarrassment尴尬。
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( ) 6.A.touched B.patted C.pushed D.covered
[解析] 由下文“…my head with my hands.”可知,作者用手护住头,故
选D。touch触碰;pat轻拍;push推;cover覆盖,掩护,盖住。
( ) 7.A.fled B.walked C.disrupted D.slept
[解析] 由下文“…in panic without warm clothes overnight, some
still wearing just their pajamas.”和上文提到的空袭可知,许多人惊慌
失措地逃离,故选A。flee逃离;walk走路;disrupt扰乱;sleep睡觉。
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( ) 8.A.facilities B.ruins C.blueprints D.shadows
[解析] 由上文the ruins of the school corridor可知,空袭之后，学
校成为废墟,故选B。facility设备;ruin废墟;blueprint蓝图;shadow影子。
( ) 9.A.afraid B.ready C.hesitant D.ambitious
[解析] 由下文“…as I worried that there could be more dangers.”
可知,因为担心还会有更多的危险,所以作者刚开始没有准备好去学校,
故选B。afraid害怕的;ready准备好的;hesitant犹豫不决的;ambitious
雄心勃勃的。
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( ) 10.A.loss B.stress C.curiosity D.courage
[解析] 由上文“But thinking of the fact that the place where I
had my most vivid childhood memories was a bomb crater, my
fear turned into…”中的but可知,前后文是转折关系,上文提到作者没
有准备好去学校,此处应该指作者最后去了学校,即作者鼓足勇气去了
学校,故选D。loss损失;stress压力;curiosity好奇心;courage勇气。
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( ) 11.A.access B.devotion C.barriers D.analysis
[解析] 由“It was the war that left millions of children without…to
education, security and a happy childhood.”可知,战争使数百万儿
童无法获得教育、安全和快乐的童年,access to是固定搭配,意为“有
机会使用/获得”,故选A。access进入,(使用或见到的)机会;devotion奉
献;barrier障碍;analysis 分析。
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( ) 12.A.violence B.aggression
C.safety D.compassion
[解析] 由上文“What was supposed to be a place of…”可知,如果
没有战争,这里本该是充满安全和希望的地方,故选C。violence暴
力;aggression攻击性;safety安全;compassion同情。
( ) 13.A.full B.tight C.empty D.strong
[解析] 由上文shaky和上文提到的战争爆发使这里的人们连夜逃跑可
知,战争使这里成了摇摇欲坠的空壳,故选C。full 满的;tight紧的;
empty空的;strong 强壮的。
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( ) 14.A.depended on B.lit up C.took in D.wiped out
[解析] 由上文the war和下文any hope of celebration可知,战争摧毁
了庆祝的希望,故选D。depend on依靠;light up点亮;take in吸收;
wipe out彻底消灭,全部摧毁。
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( ) 15.A.decorated B.designed
C.reconstructed D.recommended
[解析] 由“How I wish my school could be…soon.”可知,作者希望自
己的学校能尽快被重建,故选C。decorate装饰;design设计;reconstruct
重建;recommend推荐。
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