Period Three Developing ideas
【课前自主探究】
Task 1: Fast Reading
1.a robot pet 2.another family 3.refuses to accept 4.a real friend
Task 2: Careful Reading
1—4 CBCD
Task 3: Micro-writing
1.why 2.thicker 3. weight 4. racing 5.who
6.With 7.was told 8.Holding 9.what 10.happily
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.(1)①to take ②desperately ③for (2)①in desperate need of these supplies ②in desperation
2.(1)off (2)①flashed/flashes through或crossed/crosses his mind ②makes up his mind to study hard; change his mind
③What you should keep/bear in mind ④will stick in my mind
3.(1)consistently (2)①is not consistent with ②consists of three parts
句型透视
1.①so that it is cheaper ②so that/in order that she could see ③so that I could find a solution
2.(1) though/as (2)①Young as he is ②Much as I liked this new type of car ③Try as he might (3)Late as/though it wasPeriod Three Developing ideas
Ⅰ.1.mechanical 2.clients 3.cycled 4.desperate
5.clue 6.cite
Ⅱ.1.tripping 2.existence 3.assessment 4.demanding
5.to achieve 6.imitation 7.tightly 8.on
Ⅲ.1.change his mind 2.went wrong 3.held out 4.bank on/depend on/lean on 5.went through 6.resulted in/led to
Ⅳ.1.so that it could fly again 2.Strange though/as 3.it was becoming increasingly difficult to breathe 4.how I left my hometown 5.that’s why they are called
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现在机器学习研究表明,如果要从最少的数据中快速获取词汇的含义,预编的假设并非是必要的。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Now, however, machine-learning research is showing that preprogrammed assumptions aren’t necessary to swiftly pick up word meanings from minimal data.”(然而,现在机器学习研究表明,如果要从最少的数据中快速获取词汇的含义,预编的假设并非是必要的。)可知,机器学习研究的一个重要发现是词汇可以从最小的数据中获得。故选B。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据上文“A team of scientists has successfully trained a basic artificial intelligence model to match images to words using just 61 hours of naturalistic footage (镜头) and sound—previously collected from a child named Sam in 2013 and 2014.”(一组科学家已经成功地训练出一个基础的人工智能模型,只需使用61个小时的自然镜头和声音,就能将图像与文字匹配起来——这些镜头和声音之前是在2013年和2014年从一个名叫萨姆的孩子身上收集的。)可知,虽然只是孩子生活中的一小部分,但显然足以促使人工智能弄清楚某些单词的意思。prompt意为“促使”。故选A。
3.A 段落大意题。根据文章第五段“Yet additional study is necessary in certain aspects of the new research. For one, the scientists acknowledge that their findings don’t prove how children acquire words. Moreover, the study only focuses on recognizing the words for physical objects.”(然而,这项新研究的某些方面还需要进一步的研究。举例来说,科学家们承认,他们的发现并不能证明儿童是如何习得词汇的。此外,这项研究只关注于识别实物的词汇。)可知,第五段主要指出了这项新研究的局限性。故选A。
4.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“She notes that AI research can also bring clarity to long-unanswered questions about ourselves. ‘We can use these models in a good way, to benefit science and society,’ Portelance adds.”(她指出,人工智能研究也可以让有关我们自己的长期未解之谜变清楚。“我们可以很好地利用这些模型,造福科学和社会,”Portelance补充说。)可推知,Eva Portelance对人工智能研究的态度是积极的。故选D。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了随着数字技术的兴起,人们通过手机来完成生活中的各种事情,从而失去了和陌生人说话的能力。
1.C 根据下文through a smart phone可知,在餐馆中顾客通过智能手机点餐。故选C项。regulate 控制;call呼叫;order点(酒、菜等);deliver传送。
2.D 根据下文“…they were so close that the staff member took a quick…at his screen to get a head start on picking the right vegetables…”可知,工作人员能看到顾客的手机屏幕,故他们相距只有几厘米远。故选D项。metre米; millimetre毫米;kilometre千米;centimetre厘米。
3.C 根据上文“…they were so close…”及下文at his screen可知,工作人员可以看到顾客的手机屏幕。故选C项。chance机会;turn转动;look看;test测验。
4.A 根据下文“…we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.”可知,这一切是在一句话也没有说的情况下进行的。故选A项。speak说;write写; type打字;mention提到。
5.A 根据下文“…one can’t help but pay the…for modern efficiency…”可知,现代技术使我们更加高效。故选A项。efficient高效的; enthusiastic热情的; effective有效的; energetic精力充沛的。
6.B 根据上文“…we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.”可知,这里是说上一次和陌生人进行交谈的时候。故选B项。end up最终; engage in从事,参与; make up组成;go on继续。
7.C 根据上文“When was the last time…”可知,这里是指不记得上次和陌生人说话是什么时候了。故选C项。hear听;believe相信;remember记得; understand理解。
8.C 根据上文“busy”和下文的with a smart phone可知,人们在忙着玩手机。故选C项。 record记录;study研究;play玩;calculate计算。
9.D 根据下文modern efficiency可知,正是随着数字技术的兴起,人们的现代化效率得以提高。故选D项。idea想法;objective目标; problem问题;rise兴起,提高。
10.B pay the price for“为……付出代价”为固定短语。故选B项。cash现金;price代价;debt债务;tax税。
11.B 根据下文all via an app可知,我们通过应用程序预订酒店。故选B项。decorate装饰;book预订;build建造;repair修理。
12.A 根据上文“We shop…a hotel, or order a taxi, all via an app.”可知,人们通过手机完成生活中的各种事情,故和陌生人的接触少了。故选A项。contact接触;work工作;quarrel争吵;reunion重聚。
13.B 根据下文“You might learn something…and beyond doubt, it has the power to enrich your understanding of others and…a special bond in our modern world.”可知,和陌生人交谈有很多好处。故选B项。interest利益; benefit好处; defect缺点; influence影响。
14.D 根据上文“…having even a short and simple conversation with strangers.”可知,和陌生人交谈可能让你学到意想不到的东西。故选D项。unrealistic不切实际的; unsuitable不合适的; unreasonable不合理的; unexpected意想不到的。
15.A 根据下文a special bond in our modern world可知,和陌生人交谈可以充当现代生活中的纽带。故选A项。serve as充当;refer to指的是;account for解释;consist of由……组成。Period Three Developing ideas
Task 1: Fast Reading
Task 2: Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
( )1.What does “one” refer to in the first paragraph
A.Jimmy.
B.Robutt.
C.A live dog from Earth.
D.A human being from Earth.
( )2.What does the sentence “Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around…” mean
A.Jimmy wouldn’t make a mistake while Robutt was present.
B.Robutt could ensure Jimmy’s safety when they were together.
C.Jimmy got on well with Robutt and didn’t want to leave him.
D.Jimmy still couldn’t adapt to the Moon environment.
( )3.What can we infer about Jimmy’s final decision according to the foreshadowing
A.He will accept the pet.
B.He will give up Robutt.
C.He will insist on keeping Robutt.
D.He will keep both Robutt and the pet.
( )4.What can you conclude from the last sentence of the passage
A.Robutt was concerned that he would say goodbye to Jimmy.
B.Robutt was glad because Jimmy would have a new friend.
C.Robutt was sighing over his unfortunate fate.
D.Robutt understood Jimmy’s great affection for him.
Task 3: Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
Jimmy had never seen a real dog, because he was Moon-born and couldn’t visit Earth. That was 1. Mr Anderson brought one from Earth to the Moon. Jimmy’s arms and legs were long and agile. With his spacesuit on, he looked 2. (thick) and stubbier.
Born on the Moon, he could handle the lunar gravity. Even the 3. (weigh) of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy from 4. (race) up the slope in a floating hop. Jimmy couldn’t outrace his best friend Robutt, 5. didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel. 6. Robutt around, Jimmy couldn’t go wrong, and all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was. When Jimmy 7. (tell) he would have a real dog from Earth and that he couldn’t have Robutt any more, he frowned. 8. (hold) Robutt tightly, he thought he loved Robutt and that was 9. counted. And the little robot-mutt, which had never been held so tightly, squeaked 10. (happy).
1.desperate adj. 拼命的,绝望的
(教材P60) He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind.
他也皱着眉头,且脸上坚定的表情意味着他不愿改变主意。
(1) be desperate to do sth 极想做某事
be desperate for sth 渴望得到某物
in desperate need of 急需……
(2)desperately adv. 绝望地;拼命地;非
常地
(3)desperation n. 不顾一切,拼命;绝望
in desperation 绝望
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①After ten years of hard work, he is desperate (take) the college entrance examination and enter an ideal university.
②[2023·浙江1月考] It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟), (desperate) trying to escape.
③He is so deep in debt and desperate money that he has to do many part-time jobs in his spare time.
(2)完成句子
①Troops are needed to help get food and pure water into the disaster area where people are .
需要军队帮助将食品和纯净水送到灾区,那里的人们急需这些物资。(话题写作之灾害预防)
②The man was after he was laid off by the company which he had worked in over thirty years.
那个男人被工作了30多年的公司解雇后,陷入了绝望之中。
2.change one’s mind 改变主意
(教材P60) He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind. 他也皱着眉头,且脸上坚定的表情意味着他不愿改变主意。
make up one’s mind (to do sth)
某人下定决心(做某事)
bear/keep sb/sth in mind 将某人/某物记在心中
bear/keep in mind that… 记住……
come/spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
cross one’s mind 掠过某人的脑海
flash through sb’s mind 闪过某人的脑海
take one’s mind off sth 转移某人的注意力;
某人暂时将某事忘记
stick in one’s mind 某人铭记在心,难以忘怀
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
I hope going to the movies will take your mind the problem for a while.
(2)完成句子
①All of a sudden, the image of a brave soldier .
突然,他脑海中闪现出一个英勇的战士的形象。(读后续写之心理活动描写)
②He from now on, and wouldn’t easily.
他下定决心从此努力学习,而且他不会轻易改变主意。(读后续写之心理活动描写)
③ is that you have to apply for membership before the deadline.
你应该记住的是你必须在截止日期前申请成为会员。
④Today’s trip to the City Museum is really a memorable experience,which forever.
今天的城市博物馆之旅真是一次难忘的经历,这将永远留在我的脑海里。(应用文写作之日记)
3.consistent adj.始终如一的;连续的
(教材P63) Now make comments on your partner’s story and see whether the language style is consistent.
现在对你的伙伴的故事进行评论,看看语言风格是否一致。
(1)be consistent with 与……一致或吻合
(2)consistently adv. 一贯地;一致地;坚持地
(3)consist v. 组成
consist of 由……组成
consist in 在于
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
China (consistent) holds the view that economic development should be coordinated with environmental protection.
(2)完成句子
①What you say now what you said last week.
你现在说的话与你上星期说过的话不相符。
②The lecture mainly , the first of which is a brief introduction to the history.
讲座主要由三个部分组成,第一部分是历史的简短的序言。(应用文写作之通知)
1.(教材P58)The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit.
环形山外侧向南倾斜,南面天空下方的地球几乎全部显现出来,因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。
so that引导的结果状语从句
句型公式
【相关拓展】
(1)主句+so that…(结果状语从句)
(2)主句+so that…can/could/may/might/will/would…(目的状语从句)
【归纳比较】
(1)so that引导的目的状语从句中常含有情态动词can, could, may, might, will, would等, 可与in order that 互换; 而so that引导的结果状语从句中一般不含情态动词, 有时可以和so…that…互换。
(2)so that引导的目的状语从句前不用逗号, 而so that引导的结果状语从句与主句之间往往用逗号隔开,即略作停顿。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms, than ever to own one, and better road conditions have also attracted more drivers.
如今,新汽车的成本实际上已经降低,因此购买汽车比原来更便宜了,道路状况的改善也吸引了更多的司机。
②I stood the little girl on a chair .
我让小女孩站到椅子上,好让她看得见。(读后续写之动作描写)
③It was my grandson that taught me to use technology, on the Internet by myself.
正是我的孙子教会了我使用技术,这样我就可以自己在互联网上找到解决方案。
2.(教材P59)Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn’t outrace Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel.
论速度,吉米虽然是个能手,但他比不过罗布特,因为它不用穿宇航服,还有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱。
though引导让步状语从句的倒装句式
句型公式
【句式点拨】
though引导的让步状语从句可以用正常的语序,也可以采用倒装的形式,此时等同于as引导让步状语从句的倒装用法。
【相关拓展】
as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装,正常语序的让步状语从句则可用though, although来引导。although 引导让步状语从句时不能倒装,而though 引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。具体的倒装方法是把从句中作表语或者状语的名词(注意冠词要省略)/形容词/副词/动词提到句首,形成倒装结构。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
Teacher he is, he can’t know everything.
(2)完成句子
① , he is capable of dealing with various difficult situations.(as)
尽管他很年轻,但可以应对各种困难的情况。
② , I couldn’t afford it for the moment. (as)
尽管我很喜欢这款新车,但是我暂时买不起。
③ , he still couldn’t solve the tough problem. (as)
尽管他也许努力了,但依然解决不了那个棘手的问题。
(3)句式改写
Although/Though it was late, we still went on working.
→ , we still went on working. (用倒装句式改写) Period Three Developing ideas
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.What bothered us was that the train had stopped because of a (机械的) problem.
2.Most (客户) wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
3.She lost her balance and fell off the bicycle when she (骑车) round the corner.
4.He frowned and the (绝望的) look on his face meant that he would back down .
5.They stared back, their blank faces giving no (提示) as to what they would say next.
6.It is important to (引用) examples to support your argument.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.He stretched out his leg, (trip) the thief trying to slip away.
2.Would thinking machines work alongside humanity or threaten the (exist) of humanity
3.Scientists analysed data from 60,298 individuals from the UK Biobank, including individuals from across the UK, who had completed a dietary (assess).
4.She is very strict and (demand) because she wants us to be better learners.
5.I hold the belief that the commander is bound (achieve) his dream sooner or later.
6.Her (imitate) of the agile cheetah’s movements was both graceful and precise.
7.Seeing the bright smile on Paul’s face, I hugged him (tight) with tears in my eyes.
8.Business is good now, but there are a few problems the horizon .
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.It was no easy matter getting him to (改变他的主意).
2.I thought I’d done this correctly. I just can’t understand where I (出错) just now.
3.She (伸出) a hand to the bird, which approached cautiously.
4.According to the latest market data, we should (依靠) our team’s capacity to thoroughly analyse and make informed decisions.
5.As with many other great people, he (经历) lots of difficulties and hardships before he eventually succeeded.
6.There was no doubt that your hard work (导致) your success.
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1.Ben decided to take the bird home and fix its broken wing .
本决定把这只鸟带回家,修复它折断的翅膀,这样它就可以再次飞行了。
2. it may seem, it’s a fact.(倒装句)
尽管这好像很奇怪, 但这是事实。
3.The room was filled with smoke, and . (形式主语)
房间里烟雾弥漫,呼吸变得越来越困难。
4.I still remember for the first time.(宾语从句)
我仍然记得我第一次离开家乡的情形。
5.Young people born in the 2000s are very familiar with computers and the Internet, and “the digital generation”.
21世纪初出生的年轻人对计算机和互联网非常熟悉,这就是为什么他们被称为“数字一代”。
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
Our species’ incredible capacity to quickly acquire words from 300 by age 2 to over 1,000 by age 4 isn’t fully understood. Some cognitive scientists and linguists have theorized that people are born with built-in expectations and logical constraints (约束) that make this possible. Now, however, machine-learning research is showing that preprogrammed assumptions aren’t necessary to swiftly pick up word meanings from minimal data.
A team of scientists has successfully trained a basic artificial intelligence model to match images to words using just 61 hours of naturalistic footage (镜头) and sound—previously collected from a child named Sam in 2013 and 2014. Although it’s a small slice of a child’s life, it is apparently enough to prompt the AI to figure out what certain words mean.
The findings suggest that language acquisition could be simpler than previously thought. Maybe children “don’t need a custom-built, high-class language-specific mechanism” to efficiently grasp word meanings, says Jessica Sullivan, an associate professor of psychology at Skidmore College. “This is a really beautiful study,” she says, because it offers evidence that simple information from a child’s world view is rich enough to kick-start pattern recognition and word comprehension.
The new study also demonstrates that it’s possible for machines to learn similarly to the way that humans do. Large language models are trained on enormous amounts of data that can include billions and sometimes trillions of word combinations. Humans get by on orders of magnitude less information, says the paper’s lead author Wai Keen Vong. With the right type of data, that gap between machine and human learning could narrow dramatically.
Yet additional study is necessary in certain aspects of the new research. For one, the scientists acknowledge that their findings don’t prove how children acquire words. Moreover, the study only focuses on recognizing the words for physical objects.
Still, it’s a step towards a deeper understanding of our own mind, which can ultimately help us improve human education, says Eva Portelance, a computational linguistics researcher. She notes that AI research can also bring clarity to long-unanswered questions about ourselves. “We can use these models in a good way, to benefit science and society,” Portelance adds.
( )1.What is a significant finding of machine-learning research
A.Vocabulary increases gradually with age.
B.Vocabulary can be acquired from minimal data.
C.Language acquisition is tied to built-in expectations.
D.Language acquisition is as complex as formerly assumed.
( )2.What does the underlined word “prompt” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Facilitate. B.Persuade.
C.Advise. D.Expect.
( )3.What is discussed about the new research in Paragraph 5
A.Its limitations. B.Its strengths.
C.Its uniqueness. D.Its process.
( )4.What is Eva Portelance’s attitude to the AI research
A.Doubtful. B.Cautious.
C.Dismissive. D.Positive.
●Ⅵ 完形填空
[2024·江苏盐城高二期中]
While enjoying my fresh lunch in a restaurant in Amsterdam, I noticed something odd. Customers coming in for something to eat ignored the person standing behind the counter (柜台), preferring to 1 through a smart phone.
What was the crazy thing about this They were just several 2 apart! In fact, they were so close that the staff member took a quick 3 at his screen to get a head start on picking the right vegetables—all without any words 4 . Now, I get it: modern technology allows us to be more 5 , but I might be witnessing something deeper—we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.
Think about it for a moment. When was the last time you naturally 6 a conversation with somebody you didn’t know The chances are that you don’t even 7 ! Likely either you or the other person was “busy” with other things like 8 with a smart phone. Now, with the 9 of digital technologies, one can’t help but pay the 10 for modern efficiency: our ability to talk to strangers.
We shop, 11 a hotel, or order a taxi, all via an app. 12 with random strangers is becoming rarer and rarer. Yet there are surprising 13 of having even a short and simple conversation with strangers. You might learn something 14 , and beyond doubt, it has the power to enrich your understanding of others and 15 a special bond in our modern world.
( )1.A.regulate B.call
C.order D.deliver
( )2.A.metres B.millimetres
C.kilometres D.centimetres
( )3.A.chance B.turn
C.look D.test
( )4.A.spoken B.written
C.typed D.mentioned
( )5.A.efficient B.enthusiastic
C.effective D.energetic
( )6.A.ended up B.engaged in
C.made up D.went on
( )7.A.hear B.believe
C.remember D.understand
( )8.A.recording B.studying
C.playing D.calculating
( )9.A.idea B.objective
C.problem D.rise
( )10.A.cash B.price
C.debt D.tax
( )11.A.decorate B.book
C.build D.repair
( )12.A.Contact B.Work
C.Quarrel D.Reunion
( )13.A.interests B.benefits
C.defects D.influences
( )14.A.unrealistic B.unsuitable
C.unreasonable D.unexpected
( )15.A.serves as B.refers to
C.accounts for D.consists of(共64张PPT)
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
练习册
Task 1：Fast Reading
a robot pet
another family
refuses to accept
a real friend
Task 2：Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to
the text.
( ) 1.What does “one” refer to in the first paragraph
A.Jimmy.
B.Robutt.
C.A live dog from Earth.
D.A human being from Earth.
√
( ) 2.What does the sentence “Jimmy couldn't go wrong
while Robutt was around…” mean
A.Jimmy wouldn't make a mistake while Robutt was present.
B.Robutt could ensure Jimmy's safety when they were together.
C.Jimmy got on well with Robutt and didn't want to leave him.
D.Jimmy still couldn't adapt to the Moon environment.
√
( ) 3.What can we infer about Jimmy's final decision
according to the foreshadowing
A.He will accept the pet.
B.He will give up Robutt.
C.He will insist on keeping Robutt.
D.He will keep both Robutt and the pet.
√
( ) 4.What can you conclude from the last sentence of the
passage
A.Robutt was concerned that he would say goodbye to Jimmy.
B.Robutt was glad because Jimmy would have a new friend.
C.Robutt was sighing over his unfortunate fate.
D.Robutt understood Jimmy's great affection for him.
√
Task 3：Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
Jimmy had never seen a real dog, because he was Moon-
born and couldn't visit Earth. That was 1._____Mr Anderson
brought one from Earth to the Moon. Jimmy's arms and legs
were long and agile. With his spacesuit on, he looked
2._______(thick) and stubbier.
why
thicker
Born on the Moon, he could handle the lunar gravity. Even
the 3._______(weigh) of the spacesuit couldn't keep Jimmy from
4._______(race) up the slope in a floating hop. Jimmy couldn't
outrace his best friend Robutt, 5._____didn't need a spacesuit,
and had four legs and tendons of steel. 6.______ Robutt around,
Jimmy couldn't go wrong, and all the time Robutt knew well
enough where he was. When Jimmy 7._________ (tell) he would
have a real dog from Earth and that he couldn't have Robutt
any more, he frowned. 8._________ (hold) Robutt tightly, he
thought he loved Robutt and that was 9.______ counted. And
the little robot-mutt, which had never been held so tightly,
squeaked 10.________(happy).
weight
racing
who
With
was told
Holding
what
happily
1.desperate adj. 拼命的，绝望的
(教材P60) He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his
face meant that he wouldn't change his mind.
他也皱着眉头,且脸上坚定的表情意味着他不愿改变主意。
(1) be desperate to do sth 极想做某事
be desperate for sth 渴望得到某物
in desperate need of 急需……
(2)desperately adv. 绝望地;拼命地;非常地
(3)desperation n. 不顾一切,拼命;绝望
in desperation 绝望
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①After ten years of hard work, he is desperate ________ (take)
the college entrance examination and enter an ideal university.
②[2023·浙江1月考] It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟), ____________
(desperate) trying to escape.
③He is so deep in debt and desperate ____ money that he
has to do many part-time jobs in his spare time.
to take
desperately
for
(2)完成句子
①Troops are needed to help get food and pure water into the
disaster area where people are ______________________________
_______.
需要军队帮助将食品和纯净水送到灾区,那里的人们急需这些物资。
(话题写作之灾害预防)
in desperate need of these supplies
②The man was ______________ after he was laid off by the
company which he had worked in over thirty years.
那个男人被工作了30多年的公司解雇后,陷入了绝望之中。
in desperation
2.change one's mind 改变主意
(教材P60) He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his
face meant that he wouldn't change his mind. 他也皱着眉头,且
脸上坚定的表情意味着他不愿改变主意。
make up one's mind (to do sth) 某人下定决心(做某事)
bear/keep sb/sth in mind 将某人/某物记在心中
bear/keep in mind that… 记住……
come/spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
cross one's mind 掠过某人的脑海
flash through sb's mind 闪过某人的脑海
take one's mind off sth 转移某人的注意力;某人暂时将某事
忘记
stick in one's mind 某人铭记在心，难以忘怀
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
I hope going to the movies will take your mind ____ the
problem for a while.
off
(2)完成句子
①All of a sudden, the image of a brave soldier ______________
________________________________.
突然，他脑海中闪现出一个英勇的战士的形象。(读后续写之心理活
动描写)
flashed/flashes through或crossed/crosses his mind
②He ________________________________from now on, and
wouldn't _________________ easily.
他下定决心从此努力学习,而且他不会轻易改变主意。(读后续写之心
理活动描写)
makes up his mind to study hard
change his mind
③___________________________________ is that you have to
apply for membership before the deadline.
你应该记住的是你必须在截止日期前申请成为会员。
What you should keep/bear in mind
④Today's trip to the City Museum is really a memorable
experience,which _____________________ forever.
今天的城市博物馆之旅真是一次难忘的经历，这将永远留在我的脑
海里。(应用文写作之日记)
will stick in my mind
3.consistent adj.始终如一的;连续的
(教材P63) Now make comments on your partner's story and see
whether the language style is consistent.
现在对你的伙伴的故事进行评论，看看语言风格是否一致。
(1)be consistent with 与……一致或吻合
(2)consistently adv. 一贯地;一致地;坚持地
(3)consist v. 组成
consist of 由……组成
consist in 在于
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
China ____________ (consistent) holds the view that economic
development should be coordinated with environmental
protection.
consistently
(2)完成句子
①What you say now _____________________ what you said last
week.
你现在说的话与你上星期说过的话不相符。
is not consistent with
②The lecture mainly ______________________, the first of which
is a brief introduction to the history.
讲座主要由三个部分组成，第一部分是历史的简短的序言。
(应用文写作之通知)
consists of three parts
1.(教材P58)The outer side of the crater sloped southward and
the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full,
so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit.
环形山外侧向南倾斜,南面天空下方的地球几乎全部显现出来,因此整
个环形山山坡明亮了起来。
句型公式
so that引导的结果状语从句
【相关拓展】
(1)主句+so that…(结果状语从句)
(2)主句+so that…can/could/may/might/will/would…(目的状语从句)
【归纳比较】
(1)so that引导的目的状语从句中常含有情态动词can, could, may,
might, will, would等, 可与in order that 互换; 而so that引导的结
果状语从句中一般不含情态动词, 有时可以和so…that…互换。
(2)so that引导的目的状语从句前不用逗号, 而so that引导的结果状
语从句与主句之间往往用逗号隔开,即略作停顿。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms,
____________________ than ever to own one, and better road
conditions have also attracted more drivers.
如今,新汽车的成本实际上已经降低,因此购买汽车比原来更便宜了,道
路状况的改善也吸引了更多的司机。
so that it is cheaper
②I stood the little girl on a chair ___________________________
_________.
我让小女孩站到椅子上,好让她看得见。(读后续写之动作描写)
so that/in order that she could see
③It was my grandson that taught me to use technology，
_____________________________ on the Internet by myself.
正是我的孙子教会了我使用技术,这样我就可以自己在互联网上找到
解决方案。
so that I could find a solution
2.(教材P59)Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn't outrace
Robutt, who didn't need a spacesuit, and had four legs and
tendons of steel.
论速度,吉米虽然是个能手,但他比不过罗布特,因为它不用穿宇航服,
还有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱。
句型公式
though引导让步状语从句的倒装句式
【句式点拨】
though引导的让步状语从句可以用正常的语序,也可以采用倒装的形
式,此时等同于as引导让步状语从句的倒装用法。
【相关拓展】
as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装,正常语序的让步状语从句则可用
though, although来引导。although 引导让步状语从句时不能倒装,
而though 引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。具体的倒装
方法是把从句中作表语或者状语的名词(注意冠词要省略)/形容词/副
词/动词提到句首,形成倒装结构。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
Teacher ___________ he is, he can't know everything.
though/as
(2)完成句子
①_______________, he is capable of dealing with various
difficult situations.(as)
尽管他很年轻,但可以应对各种困难的情况。
Young as he is
②___________________________________, I couldn't afford it for
the moment. (as)
尽管我很喜欢这款新车,但是我暂时买不起。
Much as I liked this new type of car
③________________, he still couldn't solve the tough problem. (as)
尽管他也许努力了,但依然解决不了那个棘手的问题。
Try as he might
(3)句式改写
Although/Though it was late, we still went on working.
→_____________________, we still went on working. (用倒装句式
改写)
Late as/though it was
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.What bothered us was that the train had stopped because of
a ___________ (机械的) problem.
mechanical
2.Most _______ (客户) wanted paintings that were beautiful and
interesting to look at.
clients
3.She lost her balance and fell off the bicycle when she _______
(骑车) round the corner.
cycled
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4.He frowned and the __________ (绝望的) look on his face
meant that he would back down.
desperate
5.They stared back, their blank faces giving no _____ (提示) as
to what they would say next.
clue
6.It is important to_____ (引用) examples to support your
argument.
cite
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Ⅱ 单句填空
1.He stretched out his leg， ________ (trip) the thief trying to
slip away.
tripping
2.Would thinking machines work alongside humanity or threaten
the __________ (exist) of humanity
existence
3.Scientists analysed data from 60,298 individuals from the UK
Biobank, including individuals from across the UK, who had
completed a dietary ___________(assess).
assessment
4.She is very strict and ____________ (demand) because she
wants us to be better learners.
demanding
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5.I hold the belief that the commander is bound
___________(achieve) his dream sooner or later.
to achieve
6.Her _________ (imitate) of the agile cheetah's movements was
both graceful and precise.
imitation
7.Seeing the bright smile on Paul's face, I hugged him _______
(tight) with tears in my eyes.
tightly
8.Business is good now, but there are a few problems____ the
horizon.
on
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Ⅲ 短语填空
1.It was no easy matter getting him to _________________
(改变他的主意).
change his mind
2.I thought I'd done this correctly. I just can't understand where
I ____________(出错) just now.
went wrong
3.She _________ (伸出) a hand to the bird, which approached
cautiously.
held out
4.According to the latest market data, we should ___________
___________________ (依靠) our team's capacity to thoroughly
analyse and make informed decisions.
bank on/ depend on/lean on
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5.As with many other great people, he ______________ (经历)
lots of difficulties and hardships before he eventually succeeded.
went through
6.There was no doubt that your hard work _________________
(导致) your success.
resulted in/led to
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Ⅳ 句型训练
1.Ben decided to take the bird home and fix its broken wing
_________________________.
本决定把这只鸟带回家,修复它折断的翅膀,这样它就可以再次飞行了。
so that it could fly again
2.__________________ it may seem, it's a fact.(倒装句)
尽管这好像很奇怪, 但这是事实。
Strange though/as
3.The room was filled with smoke, and __________________
____________________________. (形式主语)
房间里烟雾弥漫,呼吸变得越来越困难。
it was becoming increasingly difficult to breathe
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4.I still remember ________________________ for the first
time.(宾语从句)
我仍然记得我第一次离开家乡的情形。
how I left my hometown
5.Young people born in the 2000s are very familiar with
computers and the Internet, and _________________________“the
digital generation”.
21世纪初出生的年轻人对计算机和互联网非常熟悉，这就是为什么
他们被称为“数字一代”。
that's why they are called
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Ⅴ 阅读理解
Our species' incredible capacity to quickly acquire words
from 300 by age 2 to over 1,000 by age 4 isn't fully
understood. Some cognitive scientists and linguists have
theorized that people are born with built-in expectations and
logical constraints (约束) that make this possible. Now, however,
machine-learning research is showing that preprogrammed
assumptions aren't necessary to swiftly pick up word meanings
from minimal data.
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A team of scientists has successfully trained a basic artificial
intelligence model to match images to words using just 61
hours of naturalistic footage (镜头) and sound—previously
collected from a child named Sam in 2013 and 2014. Although
it's a small slice of a child's life, it is apparently enough to
prompt the AI to figure out what certain words mean.
The findings suggest that language acquisition could be
simpler than previously thought. Maybe children “don't need a
custom-built, high-class language-specific mechanism” to
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efficiently grasp word meanings, says Jessica Sullivan, an
associate professor of psychology at Skidmore College. “This is a
really beautiful study,” she says, because it offers evidence that
simple information from a child's world view is rich enough to
kick-start pattern recognition and word comprehension.
The new study also demonstrates that it's possible for
machines to learn similarly to the way that humans do. Large
language models are trained on enormous amounts of data that
can include billions and sometimes trillions of word combinations.
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Humans get by on orders of magnitude less information, says
the paper's lead author Wai Keen Vong. With the right type of
data, that gap between machine and human learning could
narrow dramatically.
Yet additional study is necessary in certain aspects of the
new research. For one, the scientists acknowledge that their
findings don't prove how children acquire words. Moreover, the
study only focuses on recognizing the words for physical objects.
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Still, it's a step towards a deeper understanding of our own
mind, which can ultimately help us improve human education,
says Eva Portelance, a computational linguistics researcher. She
notes that AI research can also bring clarity to long-unanswered
questions about ourselves. “We can use these models in a good
way, to benefit science and society,” Portelance adds.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现在机器学习研究表
明，如果要从最少的数据中快速获取词汇的含义，预编的假设并非
是必要的。
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( ) 1.What is a significant finding of machine-learning
research
A.Vocabulary increases gradually with age.
B.Vocabulary can be acquired from minimal data.
C.Language acquisition is tied to built-in expectations.
D.Language acquisition is as complex as formerly assumed.
√
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Now, however, machine-
learning research is showing that preprogrammed assumptions
aren't necessary to swiftly pick up word meanings from minimal
data.”(然而，现在机器学习研究表明，如果要从最少的数据中快速
获取词汇的含义，预编的假设并非是必要的。)可知，机器学习研究
的一个重要发现是词汇可以从最小的数据中获得。故选B。
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( ) 2.What does the underlined word “prompt” in Paragraph
2 mean
A.Facilitate. B.Persuade. C.Advise. D.Expect.
√
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[解析] 词义猜测题。根据上文“A team of scientists has
successfully trained a basic artificial intelligence model to match
images to words using just 61 hours of naturalistic footage
(镜头) and sound—previously collected from a child named Sam
in 2013 and 2014.”(一组科学家已经成功地训练出一个基础的人工
智能模型，只需使用61个小时的自然镜头和声音，就能将图像与文
字匹配起来——这些镜头和声音之前是在2013年和2014年从一个名
叫萨姆的孩子身上收集的。)可知，虽然只是孩子生活中的一小部分，
但显然足以促使人工智能弄清楚某些单词的意思。prompt意为“促
使”。故选A。
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( ) 3.What is discussed about the new research in
Paragraph 5
A.Its limitations. B.Its strengths.
C.Its uniqueness. D.Its process.
√
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[解析] 段落大意题。根据文章第五段“Yet additional study is
necessary in certain aspects of the new research. For one, the
scientists acknowledge that their findings don't prove how
children acquire words. Moreover, the study only focuses on
recognizing the words for physical objects.”(然而，这项新研究的
某些方面还需要进一步的研究。举例来说，科学家们承认，他们的
发现并不能证明儿童是如何习得词汇的。此外，这项研究只关注于
识别实物的词汇。)可知，第五段主要指出了这项新研究的局限性。
故选A。
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( ) 4.What is Eva Portelance's attitude to the AI research
A.Doubtful. B.Cautious. C.Dismissive. D.Positive.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“She notes that AI research
can also bring clarity to long-unanswered questions about
ourselves. ‘We can use these models in a good way, to benefit
science and society,’ Portelance adds.”(她指出，人工智能研究也可
以让有关我们自己的长期未解之谜变清楚。“我们可以很好地利用这
些模型，造福科学和社会，”Portelance补充说。)可推知，Eva
Portelance对人工智能研究的态度是积极的。故选D。
√
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Ⅵ 完形填空
[2024·江苏盐城高二期中]
While enjoying my fresh lunch in a restaurant in Amsterdam,
I noticed something odd. Customers coming in for something to
eat ignored the person standing behind the counter (柜台),
preferring to . .1. . through a smart phone.
What was the crazy thing about this They were just
several . .2. . apart! In fact, they were so close that the staff
member took a quick . .3. . at his screen to get a head start on
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picking the right vegetables—all without any words . .4. .. Now, I
get it: modern technology allows us to be more . .5. ., but I
might be witnessing something deeper—we prefer not to talk to
each other anymore.
Think about it for a moment. When was the last time you
naturally . .6. . a conversation with somebody you didn't know
The chances are that you don't even . .7. .! Likely either you or
the other person was “busy” with other things like . .8. . with a
smart phone. Now, with the . .9. . of digital technologies, one
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can't help but pay the . .10. . for modern efficiency: our ability to
talk to strangers.
We shop, . .11. . a hotel, or order a taxi, all via an app.. .12. .
with random strangers is becoming rarer and rarer. Yet there
are surprising . .13. . of having even a short and simple
conversation with strangers. You might learn something . .14. .,
and beyond doubt, it has the power to enrich your
understanding of others and . .15. . a special bond in our modern
world.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了随着数字技
术的兴起，人们通过手机来完成生活中的各种事情，从而失去了和
陌生人说话的能力。
( ) 1.A.regulate B.call C.order D.deliver
[解析] 根据下文through a smart phone可知，在餐馆中顾客通过
智能手机点餐。故选C项。regulate 控制；call呼叫；order点(酒、
菜等)；deliver传送。
√
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( ) 2.A.metres B.millimetres
C.kilometres D.centimetres
[解析] 根据下文“…they were so close that the staff member
took a quick…at his screen to get a head start on picking the
right vegetables…”可知，工作人员能看到顾客的手机屏幕，故他们
相距只有几厘米远。故选D项。metre米； millimetre毫米；
kilometre千米；centimetre厘米。
√
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( ) 3.A.chance B.turn C.look D.test
[解析] 根据上文“…they were so close…”及下文at his screen可知，
工作人员可以看到顾客的手机屏幕。故选C项。chance机会；turn转
动；look看；test测验。
( ) 4.A.spoken B.written C.typed D.mentioned
[解析] 根据下文“…we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.”
可知，这一切是在一句话也没有说的情况下进行的。故选A项。
speak说；write写； type打字；mention提到。
√
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( ) 5.A.efficient B.enthusiastic C.effective D.energetic
[解析] 根据下文“…one can't help but pay the…for modern
efficiency…”可知，现代技术使我们更加高效。故选A项。efficient高
效的； enthusiastic热情的； effective有效的； energetic精力充沛的。
( ) 6.A.ended up B.engaged in C.made up D.went on
[解析] 根据上文“…we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.”
可知，这里是说上一次和陌生人进行交谈的时候。故选B项。end
up最终； engage in从事，参与； make up组成；go on继续。
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( ) 7.A.hear B.believe C.remember D.understand
[解析] 根据上文“When was the last time…”可知，这里是指不记得
上次和陌生人说话是什么时候了。故选C项。hear听；believe相信；
remember记得； understand理解。
( ) 8.A.recording B.studying C.playing D.calculating
[解析] 根据上文“busy”和下文的with a smart phone可知，人们在
忙着玩手机。故选C项。 record记录；study研究；play玩；calculate
计算。
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( ) 9.A.idea B.objective C.problem D.rise
[解析] 根据下文modern efficiency可知，正是随着数字技术的兴起，
人们的现代化效率得以提高。故选D项。idea想法；objective目标；
problem问题；rise兴起，提高。
( ) 10.A.cash B.price C.debt D.tax
[解析] pay the price for“为……付出代价”为固定短语。故选B项。
cash现金；price代价；debt债务；tax税。
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( ) 11.A.decorate B.book C.build D.repair
[解析] 根据下文all via an app可知，我们通过应用程序预订酒店。
故选B项。decorate装饰；book预订；build建造；repair修理。
( ) 12.A.Contact B.Work C.Quarrel D.Reunion
[解析] 根据上文“We shop…a hotel, or order a taxi, all via an
app.”可知，人们通过手机完成生活中的各种事情，故和陌生人的接
触少了。故选A项。contact接触；work工作；quarrel争吵；reunion
重聚。
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( ) 13.A.interests B.benefits C.defects D.influences
[解析] 根据下文“You might learn something…and beyond doubt,
it has the power to enrich your understanding of others and…a
special bond in our modern world.”可知，和陌生人交谈有很多好
处。故选B项。interest利益； benefit好处； defect缺点； influence
影响。
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( ) 14.A.unrealistic B.unsuitable
C.unreasonable D.unexpected
[解析] 根据上文“…having even a short and simple conversation
with strangers.”可知，和陌生人交谈可能让你学到意想不到的东西。
故选D项。unrealistic不切实际的； unsuitable不合适的；
unreasonable不合理的； unexpected意想不到的。
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( ) 15.A.serves as B.refers to
C.accounts for D.consists of
[解析] 根据下文a special bond in our modern world可知，和陌
生人交谈可以充当现代生活中的纽带。故选A项。serve as充当；
refer to指的是；account for解释；consist of由……组成。
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