Unit 5 Learning from nature
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
【课前自主探究】
Task 1: Fast Reading
1.Examples 2.Singapore 3.Hamburg 4.Nature-inspired
Task 2: Careful Reading
1—4 CBAA
Task 3: Micro-writing
1. their 2.so 3.how 4.of 5.Shaped 6.that/which 7.reducing 8.natural 9.is covered 10.conclusion
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.(1)it (2)①took their health for granted ②to be/for
③take it seriously ④take it easy
2.(1)response (2)①respond to/make responses to the needs of each student ②In response to your letter asking me
句型透视
1.(1)①It was; that ②It was at the gate that ③on the National Day that ④it you (2)what it was in the novel
2.①found their neighbourhood in ruins ②find her father standing ③found herself in a different world ④found the door locked and all windows closedUnit 5 Learning from nature
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.1.to design 2.expecting 3.inspiration 4.be harvested 5.protecting 6.absorbed 7.whose 8.into/to
Ⅱ.1.in the centre of 2.respond to 3.get/be used to
4.in harmony with 5.meet the needs of 6.take;for granted
Ⅲ.1.It was then that 2.was amazed to find 3.found himself lying 4.sets so good
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了物理学家Elisabetta Chicca用像昆虫一样行动的机器人模型让我们深入了解昆虫是如何完成导航工作的,以及它们是如何如此高效地完成任务的。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Understanding the inner workings of an insect’s brain can help us in our search towards energy-efficient computing, physicist Elisabetta Chicca of the University of Groningen demonstrates with her most recent result: a robot that acts like an insect.”(了解昆虫大脑的内部运作原理可以帮助我们探索高效节能计算,格罗宁根大学的物理学家Elisabetta Chicca展示了她的最新成果:一个像昆虫一样行动的机器人。)可知,Chicca研究昆虫大脑的运作原理是为了让电脑更有效率地工作。故选A。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“…towards the area with the least apparent motion.”及下一段“He had his robot drive through a long ‘corridor’—consisting of two walls with a random print on it—and the robot centred in the middle of the corridor, as insects tend to do.”(他让他的机器人驶过一条长长的“走廊”——这条走廊由两面墙组成,上面有一幅随机的版画——机器人就像昆虫一样,以走廊的中间为中心进行活动。)可知,画线词与drive意思相近,意为“行驶,前进”。故选C。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“‘The model is so good,’ Chicca concludes, ‘that once you set it up, it will perform in all kinds of environments. That’s the beauty of this result.’”(Chicca总结道:“这个模型非常好,一旦你把它设置好,它就能在各种环境中运行。这就是这个结果的美妙之处。”)可推知,Chicca对于机器人的表现十分满意。故选D。
4.B 段落大意题。根据文章第五段“Rather, the model gives insights into how insects do the job, and how they manage to do things so efficiently.”(相反,这个模型让我们深入了解昆虫是如何完成这一工作的,以及它们是如何如此高效地完成任务的。)及下一段“Much of robotics is not concerned with efficiency. We humans tend to learn new tasks as we grow up and within robotics. This is reflected in the current trend of machine learning. But insects are able to fly immediately from birth. An efficient way of doing that is hardwired in their brains. In a similar way, you could make computers more efficient.”(很多机器人技术不关注效率。随着我们的成长,我们人类倾向于在机器人技术中学习新的任务。这反映在当前机器学习的趋势中。但昆虫一出生就能飞。一种有效的这样做的方法在它们的大脑中根深蒂固。同样的,你可以使计算机更加高效。)可知,文章最后两段解释了昆虫导航比计算机更有效率的原因,即“为什么昆虫的导航比机器人更有效率”。故选B。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章从生物学的角度解释了种植者是如何让他们的南瓜长得很大的。
1.A 根据前文“How do competitive growers get their pumpkins to grow to massive sizes ”可知,此处承接上文,揭开这个问题的答案,所以选项A(生物学有答案。)切合文意。故选A。
2.D 根据前文“Gienger, who teaches horticulture (园艺学) at Anoka Technical College, begins growing his pumpkins in mid-April, starting with seeds that he grows indoors for the first few weeks, when Minnesota’s soil is too frosty.”和后文“They can absorb sunlight, nutrients from the soil, and water there.”可知,此处是指天暖和起来就把植物移到外面,所以选项D(一旦天气变暖,这些植物就被转移到室外。)切合文意,介绍了先在室内育苗,天气变暖后再将之移到室外的做法。故选D。
3.G 根据前文“But to maximize size, growers remove all but one or two of these pumpkins in order to decrease each individual fruit’s competition for resources.”可知,此处是指为了确保单个果实获得足够的养分,种植者所采取的做法,所以选项G(种植者也出于同样的原因清除该地区的杂草。)切合文意。故选G。
4.E 根据前文“Two factors drive natural growth: cell division and cell expansion. Cell division accounts for most of the growth at the beginning of a fruit’s life. This period lasts for about 20 days in pumpkin plants.”和后文“Pumpkin cells will expand until around 50 or 60 days after pollination (授粉).”可知,此处是指当细胞分裂结束,细胞扩张就开始了,所以选项E(当它停止时,细胞扩张就会开始。)切合文意。故选E。
5.B 根据后文“Some varieties of pumpkins have been bred specifically to maximize their size. Still, there is genetic variation even among pumpkins of the same variety.”可知,此处是指基因的重要性。所以选项B(基因也会影响南瓜的生长。)切合文意。故选B。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了天井在中国南部和东部传统住宅中的特点和传统建筑对它的使用。
1.exposure 考查名词。空格前面有less修饰,使用expose的名词形式exposure作主语。故填exposure。
2.rapidly 考查副词。此处用副词修饰形容词urbanising。故填rapidly。
3.but 考查连词。分析句子可知,设空处使用连词连接前后两个句子,此处构成转折关系。故填but。
4.to be restored 考查非谓语动词。此处用非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语some of historic buildings with skywells和动词restore之间为被动关系,且表示动作还未发生,用不定式的被动形式。故填to be restored。
5.combining 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,被修饰词a method和动词combine之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式。故填combining。
6.on 考查介词。have an effect on…为固定短语,意为“对……有影响”。故填on。
7.needs 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处使用动词作谓语,句子的主语applying these principles为动名词短语,谓语动词应用第三人称单数,根据前文的have以及句意可知,句子表述客观事实,故使用一般现在时。故填needs。
8.which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,修饰先行词shapes, sizes and features,指物,故用which。故填which。
9.sensitive 考查形容词。设空处使用sense的形容词形式sensitive作表语,意为“敏感的”。故填sensitive。
10.a 考查冠词。句中solution为可数名词,意为“解决方式”,此处表示泛指,故使用不定冠词。universal以辅音音素开头。故填a。Unit 5 Learning from nature
Over the years architecture has been influenced by various factors. Various influences that we see are in the way a building has been constructed. Nature has been one of the most evident influences in architecture and in various forms over the years.
Since ancient times, nature has inspired various aspects of our life. The humbleness and beauty of nature has been one of the most inspirational ideas for humans. Small dwellings (住所) and the pattern of their arrangements have been inspired by nature.
Nature is an important part of our lives. Natural forms are not created by a single force or event, nor by the simple coexistence of many parts. It is the interaction of each part with its immediate surroundings.
Architecture is not far behind when it comes to being inspired by nature. The examples of the same are quite popular all over the world, and over the centuries, from the prehistoric times to the present day, architecture and nature go hand in hand.
In conclusion, nature has inspired architects and their buildings in the following ways:
Form and surface of the building
Lotus Temple and the Gherkin take inspiration from nature by imitating the form, the surface and the structure of the species, which becomes the main visual surface of the built form.
Engravings (雕版)
Ancient Greek temples have columns which have frescos(湿壁画). Also, Sagrada Familia has the facade (正面) which has been heavily engraved with nature-inspired frescos.
Structural stability
In Sagrada Familia by Gaudi, we see that the inside columns are tree-like, and leaves on the ceiling also act as the roof and a support system.
【主题词句背诵】
1.evident adj.显而易见的;显然的
2.interaction n.相互影响
3.when it comes to…当提到……的时候
4.go hand in hand紧密联系,息息相关
5.in conclusion 总之
6.take inspiration from… 从……中获得灵感
7.stability n. 稳定(性),稳固(性)
8.act as 充当,担当
9.Various influences that we see are in the way a building has been constructed.
我们看到的各种影响体现在建筑物的建筑方式上。
10.Architecture is not far behind when it comes to being inspired by nature.
在受到大自然的启发方面,建筑丝毫不会落后。
11.Lotus Temple and the Gherkin take inspiration from nature by imitating the form, the surface and the structure of the species, which becomes the main visual surface of the built form.
莲花寺和“小黄瓜”以模仿物种的外形、表面及结构的方式从大自然中获取灵感,成为建筑形式的主要视觉外观。
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
Task 1: Fast Reading
Task 2: Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
( )1.Why don’t we feel the inspiration from nature
A.Because it is around us.
B.Because we are not close to it.
C.Because we are accustomed to it.
D.Because we tend to ignore its importance.
( )2.What were designs of tiles on a roof inspired by
A.An open flower.
B.A pine cone.
C.Trees and plants.
D.Rainwater.
( )3.Why was the Eastgate Centre designed
A.To imitate the way nature works.
B.To capture the beauty of natural forms.
C.To make natural organisms part of a building.
D.To generate its own renewable energy.
( )4.Which of the following was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment
A.ArtScience Museum.
B.The Eastgate Centre.
C.The Algae House.
D.Sagrada Familia.
Task 3: Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy 1. (they) beauty every day. In fact, we are 2. used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising 3. much inspiration they have given us.
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. Today, architects continue to explore ways to take advantage 4. nature.
5. (shape) to resemble a lotus flower 6. seems to float above the water, ArtScience Museum collects rainwater and recycles it through the building’s plumbing system.
Harare’s Eastgate Centre has little holes in the wall to mimic the way nature works, allowing air to move freely in and out of the building, thus 7. (reduce) the need for air conditioning and heating systems.
To make 8. (nature) organisms part of a building, the Algae House 9. (cover)in panels containing algae. The panels provide shade, capture heat from the sun, convert it into energy and produce renewable energy.
In 10. (conclude), buildings that are inspired by nature enable us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
1.take…for granted 认为……理所当然
(教材P66) In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. 事实上,我们对它们已经如此习惯,以至于甚至可能把它们视为理所当然,却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
take…for granted中take表示“认为”
take it for granted that… 想当然地认为……
take sth/sb to be/for (尤指错误地)以为,把……看作;误认为
take sth seriously 认真对待某事
take it easy 不着急;放松
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
We take for granted that we see the world as it actually is.
(2)完成句子
①The laughing people who walked past him , just as he used to.
那些走过他身边的谈笑风生的人,就像他以前一样,将他们的健康视为理所当然。
②I naturally took him the owner of the estate.
我自然而然地把他当成了庄园的主人。
③If we , we will certainly accomplish it soon.
如果我们认真对待它,我们肯定会很快完成。
④If you for a while, you will get better more quickly.
如果你放松一段时间,你会更快好起来。(应用文写作之建议信)
2.respond to 回答,回应;响应,对……做出反应
(教材P68)The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
因此,该建筑不仅能够适应环境,减少能耗,而且自身产生可再生能源,减少了对环境的危害。
response n. 回答,答复;反应,响应
in response to 作为对……的回应,作为
对……的答复
make responses to 对……做出回应
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
I received an encouraging (respond) to my advertisement.
(2)完成句子
①This modest group size allows our teachers to .
这个适中的小组规模使我们的老师可以应对每个学生的需求。
②
how to get along with your roommates, I’m writing this letter to offer my advice.
你来信问我如何与你的室友相处,我写这封信作为回复来提供我的建议。(应用文写作之建议信)
1.(教材P66)It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是伞给了花灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
强调句型
句型公式
【句式点拨】
本句由but连接的两个并列句构成,第一个句子为含形式主语it,不定式作真正的主语的单句,第二个句子为强调句。强调句中为否定并列结构,被强调内容为the umbrella 和 the roof。
【归纳拓展】
英语中用“It is/was…that/who…”句型表示强调。
被强调的部分(通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语)放在is/was的后面,如被强调的是人,则可用who替代that。
强调句的否定句形式:It is/was not+被强调部分+that/who…
强调句的一般疑问句形式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who…
强调句的特殊疑问句形式:疑问词+is/was it+that/who…
[温馨提示]
强调句型的判断:
把it, be, that/who去掉,如果剩余部分句子的结构仍然完整(被强调部分要还原到原位置),那么这个句子就是强调句;如果句子不完整,则不是强调句。如:
①It is he who/that often helps me with my English.
②It is on the hillside that we plant trees every year.
③It was because of bad weather that the football match had to be put off.
分析:去掉it, is/was和that/who后上述三个句子的结构仍然完整,句意仍然明确,所以它们都是强调句。
④It was 9 o’clock when we came back.
我们回来时已经九点了。
⑤It was 3 hours since we had come back.
我们回来已有三个小时了。
分析:在上面两个例句中,若去掉it, was和when/since,句子的结构就会不完整,所以它们不是强调句。
【活学活用】
(1)完成句子
① not until his wife came back he went to bed.
直到他妻子回来他才去睡觉。
② he told me the news.
他是在大门口把消息告诉我的。
③It wasn’t she met an old friend.
她不是在国庆节遇到一个老朋友的。
④—Was that I saw last night at the concert
—No, it wasn’t.
“我昨晚在音乐会上看到的人是你吗 ”
“不,不是我。”
(2)句式改写
I don’t know what in the novel made him burst into tears.
→I don’t know that made him burst into tears. (用强调句改写)
2.(教材P67)Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
当发现自己置身于这样一座如此真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时,参观者常常叹为观止。
find+宾语+宾补
句型公式
【句式点拨】
“find+宾语+宾补”的结构表示“发现某人或某物……”,当该结构中宾语是oneself时,常表示主语“不知不觉发现自己……”。
【归纳拓展】
作宾补的可以是形容词、名词、介词短语、现在分词和过去分词等。find后面跟不定式作宾补时一般是“to be+adj./n.”结构, to be往往省略, 普通的实义动词不能用于该结构。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they .
第二天回到洛克威时,他们发现他们的街区已成为废墟。(读后续写之场景描写)
②She woke to by her bed and watching her with concern.
她醒来时发现她的爸爸正站在她的床边,关切地看着她。(读后续写之动作描写)
③When she opened her eyes, she
.
当她睁开眼睛的时候,她发现自己在一个不同的世界里。
④But when they arrived at home, they
.
但当他们到家时,他们发现门锁着,所有的窗户都关着。(读后续写之状态描写)Unit 5 Learning from nature
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.His biggest dream was (design) equipment that would fit a number of breeds.
2.One of my clients is always helping people without (expect) anything in return.
3.Instead of being jealous, we can take some (inspire) from their closets!
4.It is hoped that more vegetables can (harvest) by machines.
5.We know that this objective can be done while (protect) the world’s remaining tropical forests.
6.The heat (absorb) by bodies of water during the day will be released at night.
7.The little girl, uniform was neatly pressed and clean, proudly walked to her first day of school.
8.Recently many large old houses have been converted flats.
●Ⅱ 短语填空
1.His theory was that there was a sort of hole (在……的中央) a black hole.
2.I am sure you are bound to have several ways to (对……做出反应) this intricate case.
3.It took her a long time to (习惯于) living in the nursing home.
4.To live (与……和谐) nature is a must for humanity in modern society.
5.How can we best (满足……的需要) all the different groups
6.We should the importance of thorough analysis (认为……理所当然) when making decisions, as it can greatly influence the outcomes and consequences.
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1. I noticed a small grey monkey sitting on a tree a few metres away and eating a banana intently .
就是在那时我才注意到一只灰色的小猴子坐在几米外的树上,专心地吃着香蕉。
2.He that she was fascinated by the exquisite beauty of these antiques .
他很惊讶地发现她被这些古董的精致美丽深深地迷住了。
3.When he came to himself, he in hospital.
当他苏醒过来时,他发现自己躺在医院里。
4.He an example for us students that we all should learn from him.
他为我们学生树立了好榜样,我们都应该向他学习。
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
[2024·广东梅州部分学校高二期中]
With a brain the size of a pinhead, insects perform fantastic navigational (导航的) abilities. They avoid obstacles and move through small openings. How do they do this, with their limited brainpower Understanding the inner workings of an insect’s brain can help us in our search towards energy-efficient computing, physicist Elisabetta Chicca of the University of Groningen demonstrates with her most recent result: a robot that acts like an insect.
In search of the neural (神经的) mechanism that drives insects’ behaviour, PhD student Thorben Schoepe developed a model of its neuronal activity and a small robot that uses this model to navigate. Schoepe’s model is based on one main principle: always steer towards the area with the least apparent motion.
He had his robot drive through a long “corridor”—consisting of two walls with a random print on it—and the robot centred in the middle of the corridor, as insects tend to do. In other virtual environments, such as a space with obstacles or small openings, Schoepe’s model also showed similar behaviour to insects.
“The model is so good,” Chicca concludes, “that once you set it up, it will perform in all kinds of environments. That’s the beauty of this result.”
The fact that a robot can navigate in a realistic environment is not new. Rather, the model gives insights into how insects do the job, and how they manage to do things so efficiently.
Chicca explains, “Much of robotics is not concerned with efficiency. We humans tend to learn new tasks as we grow up and within robotics. This is reflected in the current trend of machine learning. But insects are able to fly immediately from birth. An efficient way of doing that is hardwired in their brains. In a similar way, you could make computers more efficient.”
( )1.Why does Chicca want to study how the insect’s brain works
A.To make computers more efficient.
B.To make use of insects’ brainpower.
C.To understand the habit of insects.
D.To reveal the inner part of insects’ brain.
( )2.What does the underlined word “steer” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Stretch. B.Stare.
C.Drive. D.Work.
( )3.How did Chicca feel at the performance of her robot
A.Regretful. B.Shocked.
C.Confused. D.Satisfied.
( )4.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A.How to make a robot that acts like an insect.
B.Why insects navigate more efficiently than robots.
C.Why a robot can navigate in a realistic environment.
D.How humans tend to learn new tasks as they grow up.
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
In early October, Travis Gienger transported an enormous pumpkin (南瓜) from his home in Minnesota to the World Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off in California. His pumpkin set the record for the biggest one ever grown in North America. How do competitive growers get their pumpkins to grow to massive sizes 1.
Gienger, who teaches horticulture (园艺学) at Anoka Technical College, begins growing his pumpkins in mid-April, starting with seeds that he grows indoors for the first few weeks, when Minnesota’s soil is too frosty. 2. They can absorb sunlight, nutrients from the soil, and water there. “At their peak, you’re watering them with at least 600 litres a day,” he says.
Depending on the variety, pumpkin plants can grow up to a dozen fruits on a single vine (藤蔓). But to maximize size, growers remove all but one or two of these pumpkins in order to decrease each individual fruit’s competition for resources. 3.
But what exactly happens inside a pumpkin as it grows Two factors drive natural growth: cell division and cell expansion. Cell division accounts for most of the growth at the beginning of a fruit’s life. This period lasts for about 20 days in pumpkin plants. 4. Pumpkin cells will expand until around 50 or 60 days after pollination (授粉).
5. Some varieties of pumpkins have been bred specifically to maximize their size. Still, there is genetic variation even among pumpkins of the same variety. This has led to competition for the best seeds. Following each harvest, many growers auction off (拍卖掉) the seeds from their biggest pumpkins, which will then be used for the following year’s plantings.
A.Biology has the answers.
B.Genetics also influences pumpkin growth.
C.The following tips will give you a head start.
D.Once it warms up, the plants are transferred outside.
E.When it stops, cell expansion will then come into play.
F.Growers extend the growth period for as long as possible.
G.Growers also remove the weeds in the area for the same reason.
●Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·江苏徐州第一中学高二期中]
A skywell, or tian jing in Mandarin, is a typical feature of a traditional home in southern and eastern China. Less 1. (expose) to the outdoor environment makes a skywell different from a northern Chinese courtyard. Skywells are relatively common in historic residences in large areas of southern and eastern China.
In today’s 2. (rapid) urbanising China, fewer and fewer people live in skywell dwellings, 3. a revival(复兴) of interest in traditional Chinese architecture is leading some of historic buildings with skywells 4. (restore) for modern times. Meanwhile, some architects are drawing inspiration from skywells to help keep new buildings cooler, which is a method 5. (combine) design and technology to cool a building without the use of power.
However, there are some challenges for bringing skywells into modern designs. The effect that the mechanisms (构造) of courtyards have 6. natural lighting, ventilation(通风) and rain collection is well known, but applying these principles 7. (need) to be site-specific. Because traditional skywells have different shapes, sizes and features, 8. are highly dependent on their natural surroundings. Adding skywells into modern buildings requires designers to be 9. (sense) to their project’s context and situation, making it difficult to apply them as 10. universal solution. (共72张PPT)
Over the years architecture has been influenced by various
factors. Various influences that we see are in the way a
building has been constructed. Nature has been one of the
most evident influences in architecture and in various forms
over the years.
Since ancient times, nature has inspired various aspects of
our life. The humbleness and beauty of nature has been one of
the most inspirational ideas for humans. Small dwellings (住所)
and the pattern of their arrangements have been inspired by
nature.
Nature is an important part of our lives. Natural forms are
not created by a single force or event， nor by the simple
coexistence of many parts. It is the interaction of each part
with its immediate surroundings.
Architecture is not far behind when it comes to being
inspired by nature. The examples of the same are quite
popular all over the world, and over the centuries, from the
prehistoric times to the present day， architecture and nature
go hand in hand.
In conclusion, nature has inspired architects and their
buildings in the following ways:
Form and surface of the building
Lotus Temple and the Gherkin take inspiration from
nature by imitating the form, the surface and the structure
of the species, which becomes the main visual surface of the
built form.
Engravings (雕版)
Ancient Greek temples have columns which have frescos
(湿壁画). Also, Sagrada Familia has the facade (正面) which has
been heavily engraved with nature-inspired frescos.
Structural stability
In Sagrada Familia by Gaudi, we see that the inside
columns are tree-like, and leaves on the ceiling also act as the
roof and a support system.
【主题词句背诵】
1.evident adj.显而易见的;显然的
2.interaction n.相互影响
3.when it comes to…当提到……的时候
4.go hand in hand紧密联系,息息相关
5.in conclusion 总之
6.take inspiration from… 从……中获得灵感
7.stability n. 稳定(性),稳固(性)
8.act as 充当,担当
9.Various influences that we see are in the way a building has
been constructed.
我们看到的各种影响体现在建筑物的建筑方式上。
10.Architecture is not far behind when it comes to being
inspired by nature.
在受到大自然的启发方面,建筑丝毫不会落后。
11.Lotus Temple and the Gherkin take inspiration from nature
by imitating the form, the surface and the structure of the
species, which becomes the main visual surface of the built form.
莲花寺和“小黄瓜”以模仿物种的外形、表面及结构的方式从大自然中
获取灵感,成为建筑形式的主要视觉外观。
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
练习册
Task 1：Fast Reading
Examples
Singapore
Hamburg
Nature-inspired
Task 2：Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to
the text.
( ) 1.Why don't we feel the inspiration from nature
A.Because it is around us.
B.Because we are not close to it.
C.Because we are accustomed to it.
D.Because we tend to ignore its importance.
√
( ) 2.What were designs of tiles on a roof inspired by
A.An open flower. B.A pine cone.
C.Trees and plants. D.Rainwater.
( ) 3.Why was the Eastgate Centre designed
A.To imitate the way nature works.
B.To capture the beauty of natural forms.
C.To make natural organisms part of a building.
D.To generate its own renewable energy.
√
√
( ) 4.Which of the following was designed to show the
connection between nature and the modern city environment
A.ArtScience Museum. B.The Eastgate Centre.
C.The Algae House. D.Sagrada Familia.
√
Task 3：Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy
1.______(they) beauty every day. In fact, we are 2.____ used to
them that we may even take them for granted without realising
3._____ much inspiration they have given us.
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs
around us, including those in architecture. Today, architects
continue to explore ways to take advantage 4.___ nature.
their
so
how
of
5.________ (shape) to resemble a lotus flower 6.___________
seems to float above the water, ArtScience Museum collects
rainwater and recycles it through the building's plumbing system.
Harare's Eastgate Centre has little holes in the wall to
mimic the way nature works, allowing air to move freely in and
out of the building, thus 7._________ (reduce) the need for air
conditioning and heating systems.
Shaped
that/which
reducing
To make 8.________(nature) organisms part of a building,
the Algae House 9.___________ (cover)in panels containing algae.
The panels provide shade, capture heat from the sun, convert it
into energy and produce renewable energy.
In 10.___________ (conclude), buildings that are inspired by
nature enable us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
natural
is covered
conclusion
1.take…for granted 认为……理所当然
(教材P66) In fact, we are so used to them that we may even
take them for granted without realising how much inspiration
they have given us. 事实上,我们对它们已经如此习惯,以至于甚至
可能把它们视为理所当然,却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
take…for granted中take表示“认为”
take it for granted that… 想当然地认为……
take sth/sb to be/for (尤指错误地)以为,把……看作;误认为
take sth seriously 认真对待某事
take it easy 不着急;放松
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
We take ___for granted that we see the world as it actually is.
it
(2)完成句子
①The laughing people who walked past him _________________
___________, just as he used to.
那些走过他身边的谈笑风生的人,就像他以前一样,将他们的健康视为
理所当然。
took their health for granted
②I naturally took him __________ the owner of the estate.
我自然而然地把他当成了庄园的主人。
to be/for
③If we ________________, we will certainly accomplish it soon.
如果我们认真对待它,我们肯定会很快完成。
take it seriously
④If you ____________ for a while, you will get better more
quickly.
如果你放松一段时间,你会更快好起来。(应用文写作之建议信)
take it easy
2.respond to 回答,回应;响应,对……做出反应
(教材P68)The building therefore not only responds to its
environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to
the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
因此,该建筑不仅能够适应环境,减少能耗,而且自身产生可再生能源,
减少了对环境的危害。
response n. 回答,答复;反应,响应
in response to 作为对……的回应,作为对……的答复
make responses to 对……做出回应
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
I received an encouraging _________ (respond) to my
advertisement.
response
(2)完成句子
①This modest group size allows our teachers to __________
_____________________________________________.
这个适中的小组规模使我们的老师可以应对每个学生的需求。
respond to/make responses to the needs of each student
②___________________________________how to get along with
your roommates, I'm writing this letter to offer my advice.
你来信问我如何与你的室友相处，我写这封信作为回复来提供我的
建议。(应用文写作之建议信)
In response to your letter asking me
1.(教材P66)It is natural to think in this way, but of course it
wasn't the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that
inspired the pine cone.
以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是伞给了花灵感,也不是屋顶给
了松果灵感。
句型公式
强调句型
【句式点拨】
本句由but连接的两个并列句构成,第一个句子为含形式主语it，不定
式作真正的主语的单句,第二个句子为强调句。强调句中为否定并列
结构,被强调内容为the umbrella 和 the roof。
【归纳拓展】
英语中用“It is/was…that/who…”句型表示强调。
被强调的部分(通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语)放在
is/was的后面,如被强调的是人,则可用who替代that。
强调句的否定句形式:It is/was not+被强调部分+that/who…
强调句的一般疑问句形式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who…
强调句的特殊疑问句形式:疑问词+is/was it+that/who…
［温馨提示］
强调句型的判断:
把it, be, that/who去掉,如果剩余部分句子的结构仍然完整(被强调
部分要还原到原位置),那么这个句子就是强调句;如果句子不完整,
则不是强调句。如:
①It is he who/that often helps me with my English.
②It is on the hillside that we plant trees every year.
③It was because of bad weather that the football match had to
be put off.
分析:去掉it, is/was和that/who后上述三个句子的结构仍然完整,句意
仍然明确,所以它们都是强调句。
④It was 9 o'clock when we came back.
我们回来时已经九点了。
⑤It was 3 hours since we had come back.
我们回来已有三个小时了。
分析:在上面两个例句中,若去掉it, was和when/since,句子的结构就会
不完整,所以它们不是强调句。
【活学活用】
(1)完成句子
①_______ not until his wife came back _____ he went to bed.
直到他妻子回来他才去睡觉。
It was
that
②_______________________ he told me the news.
他是在大门口把消息告诉我的。
It was at the gate that
③It wasn't _________________________ she met an old friend.
她不是在国庆节遇到一个老朋友的。
on the National Day that
④—Was _______ that I saw last night at the concert
—No, it wasn't.
“我昨晚在音乐会上看到的人是你吗 ”
“不,不是我。”
it you
(2)句式改写
I don't know what in the novel made him burst into tears.
→I don't know ________________________ that made him burst
into tears. (用强调句改写)
what it was in the novel
2.(教材P67)Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an
urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural
forms.
当发现自己置身于这样一座如此真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市
建筑中时,参观者常常叹为观止。
句型公式
find+宾语+宾补
【句式点拨】
“find+宾语+宾补”的结构表示“发现某人或某物……”,当该结构中宾语
是oneself时,常表示主语“不知不觉发现自己……”。
【归纳拓展】
作宾补的可以是形容词、名词、介词短语、现在分词和过去分词等。
find后面跟不定式作宾补时一般是“to be+adj./n.”结构, to be往往省
略, 普通的实义动词不能用于该结构。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they
__________________________________.
第二天回到洛克威时,他们发现他们的街区已成为废墟。(读后续写之
场景描写)
found their neighbourhood in ruins
②She woke to _______________________ by her bed and
watching her with concern.
她醒来时发现她的爸爸正站在她的床边,关切地看着她。(读后续写之
动作描写)
find her father standing
③When she opened her eyes, she __________________________
______.
当她睁开眼睛的时候,她发现自己在一个不同的世界里。
found herself in a different world
④But when they arrived at home, they ______________________
______________________.
但当他们到家时,他们发现门锁着,所有的窗户都关着。(读后续写之
状态描写)
found the door locked and all windows closed
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.His biggest dream was __________ (design) equipment that
would fit a number of breeds.
to design
2.One of my clients is always helping people without
__________ (expect) anything in return.
expecting
3.Instead of being jealous, we can take some ___________
(inspire) from their closets!
inspiration
4.It is hoped that more vegetables can _____________ (harvest)
by machines.
be harvested
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5.We know that this objective can be done while
___________(protect) the world's remaining tropical forests.
protecting
6.The heat __________ (absorb) by bodies of water during the
day will be released at night.
absorbed
7.The little girl, _______ uniform was neatly pressed and clean,
proudly walked to her first day of school.
whose
8.Recently many large old houses have been converted
________ flats.
into/to
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.His theory was that there was a sort of hole _______________
(在……的中央) a black hole.
in the centre of
2.I am sure you are bound to have several ways to
____________(对……做出反应) this intricate case.
respond to
3.It took her a long time to _______________ (习惯于) living in
the nursing home.
get/be used to
4.To live ________________ (与……和谐) nature is a must for
humanity in modern society.
in harmony with
1
2
3
4
5
6
5.How can we best ___________________(满足……的需要) all the
different groups
meet the needs of
6.We should_____ the importance of thorough analysis
____________ (认为……理所当然) when making decisions, as it
can greatly influence the outcomes and consequences.
take
for granted
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.________________ I noticed a small grey monkey sitting on a
tree a few metres away and eating a banana intently.
就是在那时我才注意到一只灰色的小猴子坐在几米外的树上,专心地
吃着香蕉。
It was then that
2.He ____________________ that she was fascinated by the
exquisite beauty of these antiques.
他很惊讶地发现她被这些古董的精致美丽深深地迷住了。
was amazed to find
1
2
3
4
3.When he came to himself, he ___________________ in hospital.
当他苏醒过来时,他发现自己躺在医院里。
found himself lying
4.He ______________an example for us students that we all
should learn from him.
他为我们学生树立了好榜样，我们都应该向他学习。
sets so good
1
2
3
4
Ⅳ 阅读理解
[2024·广东梅州部分学校高二期中]
With a brain the size of a pinhead, insects perform fantastic
navigational (导航的) abilities. They avoid obstacles and move
through small openings. How do they do this, with their limited
brainpower Understanding the inner workings of an insect's
brain can help us in our search towards energy-efficient
computing, physicist Elisabetta Chicca of the University of
1
2
3
4
Groningen demonstrates with her most recent result: a robot
that acts like an insect.
In search of the neural (神经的) mechanism that drives
insects' behaviour, PhD student Thorben Schoepe developed a
model of its neuronal activity and a small robot that uses this
model to navigate. Schoepe's model is based on one main
principle: always steer towards the area with the least apparent
motion.
1
2
3
4
He had his robot drive through a long “corridor”—
consisting of two walls with a random print on it—and the
robot centred in the middle of the corridor, as insects tend to
do. In other virtual environments, such as a space with obstacles
or small openings, Schoepe's model also showed similar
behaviour to insects.
“The model is so good,” Chicca concludes, “that once you
set it up, it will perform in all kinds of environments. That's the
beauty of this result.”
1
2
3
4
The fact that a robot can navigate in a realistic environment
is not new. Rather, the model gives insights into how insects do
the job, and how they manage to do things so efficiently.
Chicca explains, “Much of robotics is not concerned with
efficiency. We humans tend to learn new tasks as we grow up
and within robotics. This is reflected in the current trend of
machine learning. But insects are able to fly immediately from
birth. An efficient way of doing that is hardwired in their brains.
In a similar way, you could make computers more efficient.”
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了物理学家Elisabetta
Chicca用像昆虫一样行动的机器人模型让我们深入了解昆虫是如何
完成导航工作的，以及它们是如何如此高效地完成任务的。
( ) 1.Why does Chicca want to study how the insect's brain
works
A.To make computers more efficient.
B.To make use of insects' brainpower.
C.To understand the habit of insects.
D.To reveal the inner part of insects' brain.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Understanding the inner
workings of an insect's brain can help us in our search towards
energy-efficient computing, physicist Elisabetta Chicca of the
University of Groningen demonstrates with her most recent
result: a robot that acts like an insect.”(了解昆虫大脑的内部运作
原理可以帮助我们探索高效节能计算，格罗宁根大学的物理学家
Elisabetta Chicca展示了她的最新成果：一个像昆虫一样行动的机器
人。)可知，Chicca研究昆虫大脑的运作原理是为了让电脑更有效率
地工作。故选A。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.What does the underlined word “steer” in Paragraph 2
mean
A.Stretch. B.Stare. C.Drive. D.Work.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“…towards the area with the
least apparent motion.”及下一段“He had his robot drive through
a long ‘corridor’—consisting of two walls with a random print
on it—and the robot centred in the middle of the corridor, as
insects tend to do.”(他让他的机器人驶过一条长长的“走廊”——这
条走廊由两面墙组成，上面有一幅随机的版画——机器人就像昆虫
一样，以走廊的中间为中心进行活动。)可知，画线词与drive意思相
近，意为“行驶，前进”。故选C。
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.How did Chicca feel at the performance of her robot
A.Regretful. B.Shocked. C.Confused. D.Satisfied.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“‘The model is so good,’
Chicca concludes, ‘that once you set it up, it will perform in all
kinds of environments. That's the beauty of this result.’”
(Chicca总结道：“这个模型非常好，一旦你把它设置好，它就能在各
种环境中运行。这就是这个结果的美妙之处。”)可推知，Chicca对于
机器人的表现十分满意。故选D。
√
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A.How to make a robot that acts like an insect.
B.Why insects navigate more efficiently than robots.
C.Why a robot can navigate in a realistic environment.
D.How humans tend to learn new tasks as they grow up.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 段落大意题。根据文章第五段“Rather, the model gives
insights into how insects do the job, and how they manage to
do things so efficiently.”(相反，这个模型让我们深入了解昆虫是如
何完成这一工作的，以及它们是如何如此高效地完成任务的。)及下
一段“Much of robotics is not concerned with efficiency. We
humans tend to learn new tasks as we grow up and within
robotics. This is reflected in the current trend of machine
learning. But insects are able to fly immediately from birth. An
efficient way of doing that is hardwired in their brains.
1
2
3
4
In a similar way, you could make computers more efficient.”
(很多机器人技术不关注效率。随着我们的成长，我们人类倾向于在
机器人技术中学习新的任务。这反映在当前机器学习的趋势中。但
昆虫一出生就能飞。一种有效的这样做的方法在它们的大脑中根深
蒂固。同样的，你可以使计算机更加高效。)可知，文章最后两段解
释了昆虫导航比计算机更有效率的原因，即“为什么昆虫的导航比机
器人更有效率”。故选B。
1
2
3
4
Ⅴ 阅读七选五
In early October, Travis Gienger transported an enormous
pumpkin (南瓜) from his home in Minnesota to the World
Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off in California. His pumpkin set
the record for the biggest one ever grown in North America.
How do competitive growers get their pumpkins to grow to
massive sizes 1.___
Gienger, who teaches horticulture (园艺学) at Anoka
Technical College, begins growing his pumpkins in mid-April,
A
1
2
3
4
5
starting with seeds that he grows indoors for the first few
weeks, when Minnesota's soil is too frosty. 2.___ They can
absorb sunlight, nutrients from the soil, and water there. “At
their peak, you're watering them with at least 600 litres a day,”
he says.
Depending on the variety, pumpkin plants can grow up to
a dozen fruits on a single vine (藤蔓). But to maximize size,
growers remove all but one or two of these pumpkins in order
to decrease each individual fruit's competition for resources. 3.___
D
1
2
3
4
5
G
But what exactly happens inside a pumpkin as it grows
Two factors drive natural growth: cell division and cell expansion.
Cell division accounts for most of the growth at the beginning
of a fruit's life. This period lasts for about 20 days in pumpkin
plants. 4.___ Pumpkin cells will expand until around 50 or 60
days after pollination (授粉).
E
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5.___ Some varieties of pumpkins have been bred
specifically to maximize their size. Still, there is genetic variation
even among pumpkins of the same variety. This has led to
competition for the best seeds. Following each harvest, many
growers auction off (拍卖掉) the seeds from their biggest
pumpkins, which will then be used for the following year's
plantings.
A.Biology has the answers.
B.Genetics also influences pumpkin growth.
C.The following tips will give you a head start.
B
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D.Once it warms up, the plants are transferred outside.
E.When it stops, cell expansion will then come into play.
F.Growers extend the growth period for as long as possible.
G.Growers also remove the weeds in the area for the same
reason.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章从生物学的角度解释了种植
者是如何让他们的南瓜长得很大的。
1.___
A
[解析] 根据前文“How do competitive growers get their pumpkins
to grow to massive sizes ”可知，此处承接上文，揭开这个问题的
答案，所以选项A(生物学有答案。)切合文意。故选A。
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2.___
D
[解析] 根据前文“Gienger, who teaches horticulture (园艺学) at
Anoka Technical College, begins growing his pumpkins in mid-
April, starting with seeds that he grows indoors for the first few
weeks, when Minnesota's soil is too frosty.”和后文“They can
absorb sunlight, nutrients from the soil, and water there.”可知，
此处是指天暖和起来就把植物移到外面，所以选项D(一旦天气变暖，
这些植物就被转移到室外。)切合文意，介绍了先在室内育苗，天气
变暖后再将之移到室外的做法。故选D。
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3.___
G
[解析] 根据前文“But to maximize size, growers remove all but
one or two of these pumpkins in order to decrease each
individual fruit's competition for resources.”可知，此处是指为了确
保单个果实获得足够的养分，种植者所采取的做法，所以选项G
(种植者也出于同样的原因清除该地区的杂草。)切合文意。故选G。
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4.___
E
[解析] 根据前文“Two factors drive natural growth: cell division
and cell expansion. Cell division accounts for most of the
growth at the beginning of a fruit's life. This period lasts for
about 20 days in pumpkin plants.”和后文“Pumpkin cells will
expand until around 50 or 60 days after pollination (授粉).”可知，
此处是指当细胞分裂结束，细胞扩张就开始了，所以选项E
(当它停止时，细胞扩张就会开始。)切合文意。故选E。
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5.___
B
[解析] 根据后文“Some varieties of pumpkins have been bred
specifically to maximize their size. Still, there is genetic variation
even among pumpkins of the same variety.”可知，此处是指基因
的重要性。所以选项B(基因也会影响南瓜的生长。)切合文意。故选B。
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Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·江苏徐州第一中学高二期中]
A skywell, or tian jing in Mandarin, is a typical feature of a
traditional home in southern and eastern China. Less
1.__________ (expose) to the outdoor environment makes a
skywell different from a northern Chinese courtyard. Skywells are
relatively common in historic residences in large areas of
southern and eastern China.
exposure
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4
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6
7
8
9
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In today's 2.________ (rapid) urbanising China, fewer and
fewer people live in skywell dwellings, 3._____ a revival(复兴) of
interest in traditional Chinese architecture is leading some of
historic buildings with skywells 4._______________ (restore) for
modern times. Meanwhile, some architects are drawing
inspiration from skywells to help keep new buildings cooler,
which is a method 5.___________ (combine) design and
technology to cool a building without the use of power.
rapidly
but
to be restored
combining
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However, there are some challenges for bringing skywells
into modern designs. The effect that the mechanisms (构造) of
courtyards have 6.____ natural lighting, ventilation(通风) and rain
collection is well known, but applying these principles 7._______
(need) to be site-specific. Because traditional skywells have
different shapes, sizes and features, 8._______ are highly
dependent on their natural surroundings. Adding skywells into
modern buildings requires designers to be 9._________ (sense)
to their project's context and situation, making it difficult to
apply them as 10.___ universal solution.
on
needs
which
sensitive
a
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3
4
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6
7
8
9
10
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了天井在中国南部
和东部传统住宅中的特点和传统建筑对它的使用。
1.__________
exposure
[解析] 考查名词。空格前面有less修饰，使用expose的名词形式
exposure作主语。故填exposure。
2.________
rapidly
[解析] 考查副词。此处用副词修饰形容词urbanising。故填rapidly。
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3._____
but
[解析] 考查连词。分析句子可知，设空处使用连词连接前后两个句
子，此处构成转折关系。故填but。
4._______________
to be restored
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语
some of historic buildings with skywells和动词restore之间为被动
关系，且表示动作还未发生，用不定式的被动形式。故填to be
restored。
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5.___________
combining
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，被修饰词a
method和动词combine之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填
combining。
6.____
on
[解析] 考查介词。have an effect on…为固定短语，意为“对……有
影响”。故填on。
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7._______
needs
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，设空处使用动词
作谓语，句子的主语applying these principles为动名词短语，谓语
动词应用第三人称单数，根据前文的have以及句意可知，句子表述
客观事实，故使用一般现在时。故填needs。
8._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从
句中作主语，修饰先行词shapes, sizes and features，指物，故用
which。故填which。
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9._________
sensitive
[解析] 考查形容词。设空处使用sense的形容词形式sensitive作表语，
意为“敏感的”。故填sensitive。
10.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。句中solution为可数名词，意为“解决方式”，此处
表示泛指，故使用不定冠词。universal以辅音音素开头。故填a。
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