Period Two Using language
语言精讲
(1)①employment ②employer (2)v. 使用 (3)was engaged/employed in taking
语法归纳
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.Knowing 2.to do 3.sending 4.to be updated
5.encouraging 6.to take 7.complaining 8.doing/to be done 9.studying 10.To see 11.climbing 12.puzzled
●Ⅱ 1.Walking after supper 2.agreed to meet 3.eating burgers and chips 4.polite to laugh at the weak 5.to clean the rooms for the oldPeriod Two Using language
Ⅰ.1.avoiding 2.seated 3.changed 4.Collecting
5.solving/to be solved 6.to become 7.staying 8.to have
9.visiting 10.To see
Ⅱ.1.Reading English aloud 2.waiting for an hour 3.to see them living so well 4.imagine living without running water
5. not to know what was happening
Ⅲ.1.has been 2.to say 3.realizing 4.herself
5.when 6.frequently 7.kinds 8.a 9.from 10.unable
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了农夫通过种植蕨类植物和竹子的经历,向一个感到沮丧的男人解释了成功的真谛。尽管竹子长时间内没有表现出明显的生长,但最终在第五年迅速成长,这暗示了成功需要耐心、坚持和努力。
1.B 根据上文的“A man got depressed about life.”和下文的“…he got nothing but failure.”可知,这位男子很压抑,原因在于尽管彵很努力,但他还是失败了。故选B项。advice建议;effort努力;fear恐惧;evidence证据。
2.C 根据上文的“In spite of all his…he got nothing but failure.”可知,尽管这位男子非常努力,但还是失败了,因此他会有挫败感。故选C项。surprised惊讶的;motivated有动力的;defeated受挫的;relieved宽慰的。
3.B 根据上文的“Feeling…he left everything and relaxed himself in the woods, where he met a farmer.”可知,该男子感受到了挫败感,他来到树林放松并和遇见的农夫分享自己的失败。故选B项。excitement兴奋;failure失败;knowledge知识;food食物。
4.D 根据本句中的fern (蕨类植物) and bamboo there可知,农夫指着这两棵植物问该男子。故选D项。farm农场;seed种子;garden园子;plant植物。
5.A 根据下文的“However…the bamboo seed had been watered for years, it did not outwardly grow as much as an inch.”可知,相比之下,那棵蕨类植物要比竹子长得快。故选A项。quickly快速地; immediately立即地;hardly几乎不;potentially潜在地。
6.D 根据本句中的“…the bamboo seed had been watered for years, it did not outwardly grow as much as an inch.”可知,逗号前后两部分的内容为让步关系,使用although引导让步状语从句。故选D项。
7.C 根据上文的“…the bamboo seed had been watered for years, it did not outwardly grow as much as an inch.”及but表示转折可知,虽然竹子的种子已经浇水多年也没有向外长出一英寸,但是农夫没有放弃它。故选C项。get down to着手做;look forward to期待;give up on对……不抱希望;go away with 带走。
8.D 根据上文的“…the bamboo seed had been watered for years, it did not outwardly grow as much as an inch. But the farmer did not…the bamboo seed…”可知,虽然竹子的种子已经浇水多年也没有向外长出一英寸,但是农夫没有放弃它,继续给它浇水。故选D项。show展示; regulate 控制;cut切割;water浇水。
9.A 根据上文的“But the farmer did not…the bamboo seed and continued to…it.”可知,农夫没有放弃它,继续给它浇水,因此竹子终于破土而出。故选A项。ground地面; imbalance 不平衡;tree树;disorder混乱。
10.C 根据上文的“By the fifth year, a tiny sprout (嫩芽) grew out of the…And within six months, the tree grew a hundred feet tall.”可知,到了第五年,竹子终于破土而出,长出了一个小嫩芽。故选C项。
11.A 根据下文的“The little tree was growing underground, developing a root system which was…enough to support its potential for outward…in the fifth year and beyond.”可知,答案很明显,这粒竹子种子安静地躺了四年,就是为了打好根基,在第五个年头迅速生长。故选A项。obvious明显的;right正确的;wrong错误的; intricate复杂的。
12.B 根据下文的“…enough to support its potential for outward…”可知,为了获得向外生长的潜力,根部要足够强壮才能做好支撑。故选B项。clear清晰的;strong强壮的; early早期的;close靠近的。
13.D 根据上文的“‘So, did the bamboo tree lie quietly for four years only to grow rapidly in the… ’ the farmer asked. The answer is quite…”可知,竹子积蓄力量,打好根基,是为了以后的生长。故选D项。information信息;calmness冷静;success成功; growth 生长。
14.C 根据上文的“In spite of all his…he got nothing but failure.”可知,农夫教导这位男子要明白过去的奋斗是在打下稳固的基础,虽然失败了,但是依然有意义。故选C项。rest休息;wait等待;struggle奋斗;smile 微笑。
15.B 根据上文的“‘Did you know that you had been…all the time and that you were growing strong roots ’ said the farmer.”可知,农夫教导这位男子要明白过去的奋斗是在打下稳固的基础,虽然失败了,但是依然有意义,因此他会意识到努力的价值。故选B项。report报告;realize意识到; overlook忽视;assess评估。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者对于人类城市与野生动物之间的关系的思考。
1.D 根据空前的“…cities are built for humans.”和后文“…we destroy natural habitats.”可知,城市建造以人为主要因素,并不总是为野生动物提供栖息地,故选D。
2.B 根据后文“This made a good home for bats…”可知,我们人类的行为有时是可以帮助到野生动物的,故选B。
3.F 根据空后句的时间标志词now可以判断,空处与后文内容存在对照关系,选项F中的at first与now相呼应,故选F。
4.E 根据上文“The park used native plants and created open, natural spaces for wildlife.”可知,野生动物在这里可以自由活动,故E项符合语境,故选E。
5.C 上文谈及人类与野生动物共享城市空间的好处,空后句子的内容与空前句形成对照关系,再由空后句的标志词too可确定答案为C。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个竹制艺术品将传统工艺与自然艺术完美地结合在一起。此外,文章还介绍了这一项技术的传承和发展。
1.combining 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,combine与逻辑主语it构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,故填combining。
2.after 考查介词。短语model…after…表示“模仿……塑造……”,应用介词after,构成“介词+关系代词”结构。故填after。
3.a 考查冠词。period在此处为泛指,且considerable是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
4.and 考查连词。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系,应用连词and。故填and。
5.touches 考查名词复数。touch在此处为可数名词,前文没有限定词,应用复数形式。故填touches。
6.innovation 考查名词。形容词artistic修饰名词,且后面的谓语动词centres为第三人称单数形式,故此处名词用单数形式。故填innovation。
7.diverse 考查形容词。修饰range应用形容词diverse,故填diverse。
8.Bamboo’s 考查名词所有格。此处bamboo与后文combination构成所属关系,应用名词所有格形式。空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填Bamboo’s。
9.positions/will position 考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处作谓语,可用一般现在时或一般将来时,主语为combination,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填positions/will position。
10.was designed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文previously可知为一般过去时的被动语态,主语为the course,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填was designed。Period Two Using language
employ v.雇用;使用;运用
(教材P71) Inspired by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater, which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems.
受到海豚的启发,人们学会了如何在水下发送信号,这个现在被用于海啸的预警系统。
(1)be employed in doing sth (=be busy doing/be engaged in doing sth) 从事于/忙于做某事
(2)employee n. 雇员;受雇者
employer n. 雇主;老板
employment n. 使用;职业;雇用
unemployment n. 失业
(3)unemployed adj. 失业的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Computers, far from destroying jobs, can create (employ).
②Under law, your (employ) has the right to hire a temporary worker to replace you.
(2)熟词生义
Viewers can employ one screen to drag videos into a queue so that they play automatically.
(3)完成句子
He a wide range of exercises designed to rebuild muscle, and made remarkable progress.
他参与了一系列旨在重建肌肉的运动,并取得了显著进展。(话题写作之体育运动)
复习非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
非谓语动词就是在句中不作谓语的动词。在英语中, 一个句子在不用连词和从句的情况下(即简单句), 只能有一个谓语动词, 如果在这种情况下还需要其他的动词才能将句子的意思表达完整, 则需要将另外一个动词转变为非谓语动词, 让它充当句子中除谓语之外的其他句法成分。
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。它们的句法功能、分类如下表所示:
成分 类别 主语 宾语 定语 状语 宾补 表语
动名词 √ √ √ √
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
分词 √ √ √ √
一、非谓语动词作主语
1.动名词和不定式在句子中都可以充当主语。如:
Taking things easy is beneficial to mental health.
放轻松对心理健康有益。
To acquire new skills is not so easy as we imagine.
获得新的技能并不像我们想象的那么容易。
[温馨提示] 不定式一般表示具体的动作;动名词则往往表示经常性的动作,但有时两者区别不大。如:
To complete the programme on schedule calls for joint effort.
按时完成这项计划需要共同的努力。(表示一次具体的动作)
Taking care of plants can help us relax in the face of stresses and strains in modern society.
面对现代社会的压力和紧张,养一些植物会帮助我们放松。
2.it作形式主语,不定式和动名词作真正的主语。如:
It is rude and impolite to behave like that.
那样做是粗鲁且不礼貌的。
It is no use asking me. I know less than you know. 问我没用, 我还没你了解的多。
(1)以下结构中用动名词作主语
It is/was++doing sth.
(2)以下结构中常用不定式作主语
It is/was easy/difficult/hard/important/impossible/
comfortable/necessary/…+(for sb/sth)+to do sth.
二、非谓语动词作宾语
1.不定式和动名词可以在句中作宾语。
有一部分动词后面只可以接不定式作宾语, 如decide, want等, 而某些动词只能接动名词作宾语, 如enjoy, appreciate等。针对这样的词, 我们编写了如下口诀。
(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语:
决定设法要学会 decide/determine/manage/learn
许诺计划来提供 promise/plan/offer
要求帮忙做准备 ask/demand/help/prepare
假装同意实拒绝 pretend/agree/refuse
“四望”未能成现实 hope/wish/expect/desire/fail
(2)下列动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语:
喜欢考虑双避免 enjoy/consider/avoid/escape
承认放弃太冒险 admit/give up/risk
介意想象莫推延 mind/imagine/delay/put off
感激完成是期盼 appreciate/finish/look forward to
建议允许勤练习suggest/allow/practise
单独一个要原谅 excuse
2.某些动词(短语)后面既可以接不定式作宾语, 也可以接动名词作宾语, 但是它们表达的意义不同。我们应该熟记下列结构:
动词 (短语) 以to do作宾语 的意义 以doing作宾语 的意义
stop 停止手中事, 去做另一件事 停止正在做的事
go on 接着做另外一件事 接着做同一件事
remember/ forget/ regret (指动作尚未发生)记得/忘记/感到遗憾要去做某事 (指动作已经发生)记得/忘记/感到后悔做过某事
try 设法, 努力去做, 尽力 试着去做, 看有何结果
mean 打算做, 企图做 意思是, 意味着
can’t help 不能帮忙做 忍不住做
need/want/ require (主语)需要做某事 (主语)需要被做某事(被动)(=to be done)
3.介词后面要用动名词, 要特别注意to的词性, 分析其为介词还是不定式符号。下列结构中的to为介词:be accustomed to(习惯于), be used to, stick to(坚持), turn to, devote oneself to, be devoted to, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to (开始认真考虑;着手处理), contribute to (有助于,促成), lead to, the key to 等。如:
Please pay attention to adding the date in the form. 请注意在表格里添加日期。
三、非谓语动词作表语
1.不定式和动名词在句子中可以充当表语, 二者区别不大, 通常不定式表示具体的动作, 特别是将来的动作; 动名词表示经常性的动作。如:
Our responsibility is devoting ourselves to building a modern powerful nation.
我们的责任是投身于建设一个现代化强国。
Our beautiful wish is to offer help to those people in need in that region.
我们的美好愿望是提供帮助给那个区域需要帮助的那些人。
2.分词也可以充当表语。如:
To be frank, some online games are not so interesting.
坦率地说,一些网络游戏没有那么有意思。
After hearing the inspiring speech given by the expert, they were excited and determined to make great efforts.
听到这位专家鼓舞人心的演讲后,他们很是兴奋,决心要付出巨大的努力。
注意:分词作表语时, 它们都带有形容词的性质。现在分词作表语时, 说明主语的特色, 意为“使/令人……的”, 而过去分词作表语时, 表示主语的状态, 意为“感到……的”。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1. (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
2.No worries, you’ll be OK—just remember (do) a warm-up before you run.
3.I regretted (send) the note and was terrified of Miss Hanley’s reaction.
4.It’s important for the figures (update) regularly.
5.She received her friends’ firm support, which was very (encourage).
6.Now your first important task is (take) good care of the wounded soldier.
7.It’s no use (complain) without taking action.
8.We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs (do) to achieve the final success.
9.Linda doesn’t feel like (study) abroad, because her parents are old.
10.There is a famous saying, “ (see) is to believe.”
11.We succeeded in (climb)onto the helicopter, breathing a sigh of relief.
12.He felt (puzzle) when he was wrestling with something difficult.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1. is good for both the young and the old.
晚饭后散步对年轻人和老年人都有好处。
2.We here, but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
我们答应在这里会面,但是到目前为止她还没有出现。
3.Children should eat less junk food. For instance, they should avoid .
孩子们应该少吃垃圾食品。例如,他们应该避免吃汉堡和薯条。
4.I don’t think it’s .
我觉得嘲笑弱者是没有礼貌的。
5.Her work is in the nursing home every day.
她的工作是每天为养老院的老人打扫房间。Period Two Using language
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.He devoted himself to (avoid) being punished. Nonetheless , the reality failed him and he was sentenced to life imprisonment.
2.Please remain (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
3.I am afraid you won’t have time to get (change) before the party.
4. (collect) information is an important demand to businessmen.
5.It is a problem that doesn’t need
(solve) right now.
6.You can never imagine his objective is (become) an anthropologist specializing in ancient civilizations.
7.It’s no good (stay) here, so let’s go home.
8.The findings showed that women who drank a lot of coffee while pregnant were more likely (have) children with birth defects .
9.I still remember (visit) a workplace where I worked for five years.
10.As the saying goes, “ (see) is to believe.” You can’t just trust one side of her words.
●Ⅱ 语法+写作
1. is a good way to learn it well.
大声读英语是将之学好的一个好方法。
2.After , he got the ticket at last.
等待一个小时之后,他终于得到了票。
3.They are looking a lot healthier than when they were first brought in and it is fantastic .
他们看起来比刚被带来的时候健康多了,看见他们过得这么好真是太棒了。
4.Hall showed her students slides of Kenyan mud huts and asked them to .
霍尔给她的学生们放了肯尼亚土坯屋的幻灯片,并要求他们想象没有自来水的生活。
5.They appeared .
他们似乎不知道正在发生的事。
●Ⅲ 语篇型语法填空
A respectable watermelon expert
China 1. (be) the largest producer and consumer of watermelons in the world since 2018. And Wu Mingzhu, 92 years old now, is the unsung hero who has helped make this possible. It’s fair 2. (say) that about 80 percent of the watermelons are the result of great efforts made by Wu and her team over more than 60 years.
Admitted to Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing in the late 1940s, Wu is an alumnus (校友) of Yuan Longping. After two years of application failures, Wu succeeded in 3. (realize) her dream of starting her career in Xinjiang in 1955. Since then, she has put 4. (she) to growing sweet melons.
Wu’s efforts to grow quality melons began paying off in 1973, 5. she set up an off-season growing base in Hainan. Going and returning between Xinjiang and Hainan 6. (frequent) for many years, Wu developed more than 20,000 of China’s new seed 7. (kind) through off-season growing.
Wu’s contribution has won her many praises. She became 8. member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999 and an honorary citizen of Sanya in 2004.
Now suffering 9. Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默症), Wu is often 10. (able) to recognize her former colleagues or even her family members. However, the memory of her melon work remains in her mind.
●Ⅳ 完形填空
[2024·河北沧州运东四校联考高二期中]
A man got depressed about life. In spite of all his 1 , he got nothing but failure. Feeling 2 , he left everything and relaxed himself in the woods, where he met a farmer. The man shared his 3 with the farmer.
“Do you see that fern (蕨类植物) and bamboo there ” the farmer said, pointing towards two 4 . He told the man that when he planted the fern and the bamboo seeds, he took very good care of them. Within a short period of time, the fern 5 grew from the earth. However, 6 the bamboo seed had been watered for years, it did not outwardly grow as much as an inch. But the farmer did not 7 the bamboo seed and continued to 8 it. By the fifth year, a tiny sprout (嫩芽) grew out of the 9 . And within six months, the tree grew a hundred feet tall.
“So, did the bamboo tree lie quietly for four years only to grow rapidly in the 10 ” the farmer asked. The answer is quite 11 . The little tree was growing underground, developing a root system which was 12 enough to support its potential for outward 13 in the fifth year and beyond.
“Did you know that you had been 14 all the time and that you were growing strong roots ” said the farmer. Hearing the farmer’s words, the man 15 the value of hard work.
( )1.A.advice B.effort
C.fear D.evidence
( )2.A.surprised B.motivated
C.defeated D.relieved
( )3.A.excitement B.failure
C.knowledge D.food
( )4.A.farms B.seeds
C.gardens D.plants
( )5.A.quickly B.immediately
C.hardly D.potentially
( )6.A.since B.if
C.unless D.although
( )7.A.get down to B.look forward to
C.give up on D.go away with
( )8.A.show B.regulate
C.cut D.water
( )9.A.ground B.imbalance
C.tree D.disorder
( )10.A.third B.fourth
C.fifth D.sixth
( )11.A.obvious B.right
C.wrong D.intricate
( )12.A.clear B.strong
C.early D.close
( )13.A.information B.calmness
C.success D.growth
( )14.A.resting B.waiting
C.struggling D.smiling
( )15.A.reported B.realized
C.overlooked D.assessed
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
Urban wildlife
As we all know, cities are diverse ecosystems. In addition to visitors from the wild, a large number of species share our urban areas. As our cities spread, we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbours.
There is no denying that cities are built for humans. 1. For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plant flowers, we destroy natural habitats.
2. When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running along the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge was the home of thousands of bats. 3. Now, they have come to value their winged neighbours. The bats are a tourist attraction, and they eat lots of bugs every night.
There are also structures built with the aim of bringing wildlife into the city. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good example. The park used native plants and created open, natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo. 4.
If we learn to share our space, we can become better neighbours to the wildlife around us. 5. Our own future will be endangered too.
A.They are built to protect birds.
B.Our actions sometimes help other species.
C.If we do not, more species will become extinct.
D.They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife.
E.Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move about freely.
F.At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them.
G.They would sit on it and their droppings would fall into the water.
●Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·福建福州屏东中学高二期中]
In the China Pavilion at the sixth China International Import Expo in Shanghai, a piece of bamboo art resembling a Taihu Lake Stone was the centre of attention. Perfectly 1. (combine) traditional craftwork with natural art, it demonstrated the beauty of the stone 2. which it was modeled. It was the work of Qian Lihuai, an inheritor of traditional bamboo weaving techniques.
“Bamboo weaving lacks documented records; the skills have always been passed down orally. I spent 3. considerable period interviewing seasoned craftsmen 4. carefully gathering records of weaving techniques,” Qian explains.
After understanding the foundational logic of bamboo weaving and the patterns, Qian began to add artistic 5. (touch) to his bamboo weaving.
“My artistic 6. (innovate) centres around how weaving can convey the nature of the world. For instance, we employ a 7. (diversity) range of colours to strengthen its expressive potential, filling bamboo weaving with a convincing language,” Qian adds.
Additionally, there is a dynamic connection and dialogue with other materials. “8. (bamboo) unique combination of rigidity and flexibility, distinct from many other materials like metals or textiles, 9. (position) it in a proper zone. I believe it can be used as an excellent adhesive (黏合剂) with other materials,” Qian explains.
He has also taught his bamboo weaving techniques at Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, and said previously the course 10. (design) to encourage open-minded thinking, exploring the ways to integrate bamboo weaving expertise into different fields. (共64张PPT)
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
employ v.雇用;使用;运用
(教材P71) Inspired by dolphins, people have learnt how to send
signals underwater, which is currently employed in tsunami
early-warning systems.
受到海豚的启发,人们学会了如何在水下发送信号,这个现在被用于海
啸的预警系统。
(1)be employed in doing sth (=be busy doing/be engaged in
doing sth) 从事于/忙于做某事
(2)employee n. 雇员;受雇者
employer n. 雇主;老板
employment n. 使用;职业;雇用
unemployment n. 失业
(3)unemployed adj. 失业的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Computers, far from destroying jobs, can create ____________
(employ).
②Under law, your __________ (employ) has the right to hire a
temporary worker to replace you.
employment
employer
(2)熟词生义
Viewers can employ one screen to drag videos into a queue so
that they play automatically. ________
v. 使用
(3)完成句子
He ________________________________ a wide range of
exercises designed to rebuild muscle, and made remarkable
progress.
他参与了一系列旨在重建肌肉的运动，并取得了显著进展。
(话题写作之体育运动)
was engaged/employed in taking
复习非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
非谓语动词就是在句中不作谓语的动词。在英语中, 一个句子在
不用连词和从句的情况下(即简单句), 只能有一个谓语动词, 如果在
这种情况下还需要其他的动词才能将句子的意思表达完整, 则需要将
另外一个动词转变为非谓语动词, 让它充当句子中除谓语之外的其他
句法成分。
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
它们的句法功能、分类如下表所示:
成分 类别 主语 宾语 定语 状语 宾补 表语
动名词 √ √ √ √
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
分词 √ √ √ √
一、非谓语动词作主语
1.动名词和不定式在句子中都可以充当主语。如:
Taking things easy is beneficial to mental health.
放轻松对心理健康有益。
To acquire new skills is not so easy as we imagine.
获得新的技能并不像我们想象的那么容易。
［温馨提示］不定式一般表示具体的动作;动名词则往往表示经常性
的动作,但有时两者区别不大。如:
To complete the programme on schedule calls for joint effort.
按时完成这项计划需要共同的努力。(表示一次具体的动作)
Takingcare of plants can help us relax in the face of stresses
and strains in modern society.
面对现代社会的压力和紧张,养一些植物会帮助我们放松。
2.it作形式主语,不定式和动名词作真正的主语。如:
It is rude and impolite to behave like that.
那样做是粗鲁且不礼貌的。
It is no use asking me. I know less than you know.
问我没用,我还没你了解的多。
(1)以下结构中用动名词作主语
It is/was+
no use/good
not any use/good
of little use/good
(2)以下结构中常用不定式作主语
It is/was easy/difficult/hard/important/impossible/comfortable/
necessary/…+(for sb/sth)+to do sth.
+doing sth.
二、非谓语动词作宾语
1.不定式和动名词可以在句中作宾语。
有一部分动词后面只可以接不定式作宾语, 如decide, want等, 而某
些动词只能接动名词作宾语, 如enjoy, appreciate等。针对这样的词,
我们编写了如下口诀。
(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语:
决定设法要学会 decide/determine/manage/learn
许诺计划来提供 promise/plan/offer
要求帮忙做准备 ask/demand/help/prepare
假装同意实拒绝 pretend/agree/refuse
“四望”未能成现实 hope/wish/expect/desire/fail
(2)下列动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语:
喜欢考虑双避免 enjoy/consider/avoid/escape
承认放弃太冒险 admit/give up/risk
介意想象莫推延 mind/imagine/delay/put off
感激完成是期盼 appreciate/finish/look forward to
建议允许勤练习 suggest/allow/practise
单独一个要原谅 excuse
2.某些动词(短语)后面既可以接不定式作宾语, 也可以接动名词作宾
语, 但是它们表达的意义不同。我们应该熟记下列结构:
动词(短语) 以to do作宾语的意义 以doing作宾语的意义
stop 停止手中事, 去做另一件事 停止正在做的事
go on 接着做另外一件事 接着做同一件事
remember/ forget/regret (指动作尚未发生)记得/忘记/ 感到遗憾要去做某事 (指动作已经发生)记得/忘记
/感到后悔做过某事
动词(短语) 以to do作宾语的意义 以doing作宾语的意义
try 设法, 努力去做, 尽力 试着去做, 看有何结果
mean 打算做, 企图做 意思是, 意味着
can't help 不能帮忙做 忍不住做
need/want/ require (主语)需要做某事 (主语)需要被做某事
(被动)(=to be done)
续表
3.介词后面要用动名词, 要特别注意to的词性, 分析其为介词还是不
定式符号。下列结构中的to为介词:be accustomed to(习惯于), be
used to, stick to(坚持), turn to, devote oneself to, be devoted to,
look forward to, pay attention to, get down to (开始认真考虑;着
手处理), contribute to (有助于,促成), lead to, the key to 等。如:
Please pay attention to adding the date in the form.
请注意在表格里添加日期。
三、非谓语动词作表语
1.不定式和动名词在句子中可以充当表语, 二者区别不大, 通常不定式
表示具体的动作, 特别是将来的动作; 动名词表示经常性的动作。如:
Our responsibility is devoting ourselves to building a modern
powerful nation.
我们的责任是投身于建设一个现代化强国。
Our beautiful wish is to offer help to those people in need in
that region.
我们的美好愿望是提供帮助给那个区域需要帮助的那些人。
2.分词也可以充当表语。如:
To be frank, some online games are not so interesting.
坦率地说,一些网络游戏没有那么有意思。
After hearing the inspiring speech given by the expert, they
were excited and determined to make great efforts.
听到这位专家鼓舞人心的演讲后,他们很是兴奋,决心要付出巨大的努力。
注意:分词作表语时, 它们都带有形容词的性质。现在分词作表语时,
说明主语的特色, 意为“使/令人……的”, 而过去分词作表语时, 表示
主语的状态, 意为“感到……的”。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ 单句填空
1._________(know) basic first-aid techniques will help you
respond quickly to emergencies.
2.No worries, you'll be OK—just remember _______ (do) a
warm-up before you run.
3.I regretted _________(send) the note and was terrified of Miss
Hanley's reaction.
Knowing
to do
sending
4.It's important for the figures _______________ (update)
regularly.
5.She received her friends' firm support, which was very
_____________ (encourage).
6.Now your first important task is ________(take) good care of
the wounded soldier.
7.It's no use ____________ (complain) without taking action.
8.We've had a good start, but next, more work needs
__________________ (do) to achieve the final success.
to be updated
encouraging
to take
complaining
doing/to be done
9.Linda doesn't feel like _________ (study) abroad, because her
parents are old.
10.There is a famous saying, “ ________ (see) is to believe.”
11.We succeeded in _________ (climb)onto the helicopter,
breathing a sigh of relief.
12.He felt ________(puzzle) when he was wrestling with
something difficult.
studying
To see
climbing
puzzled
Ⅱ 句型训练
1.____________________ is good for both the young and the
old.
晚饭后散步对年轻人和老年人都有好处。
Walking after supper
2.We ________________here, but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
我们答应在这里会面,但是到目前为止她还没有出现。
agreed to meet
3.Children should eat less junk food. For instance, they should
avoid ________________________.
孩子们应该少吃垃圾食品。例如，他们应该避免吃汉堡和薯条。
eating burgers and chips
4.I don't think it's ___________________________.
我觉得嘲笑弱者是没有礼貌的。
polite to laugh at the weak
5.Her work is ______________________________ in the nursing
home every day.
她的工作是每天为养老院的老人打扫房间。
to clean the rooms for the old
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.He devoted himself to _________ (avoid) being punished.
Nonetheless, the reality failed him and he was sentenced to life
imprisonment.
avoiding
2.Please remain _______ (seat) until the plane has come to a
complete stop.
seated
3.I am afraid you won't have time to get _________ (change)
before the party.
changed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.__________ (collect) information is an important demand to
businessmen.
Collecting
5.It is a problem that doesn't need ____________________(solve)
right now.
solving/to be solved
6.You can never imagine his objective is ___________ (become)
an anthropologist specializing in ancient civilizations.
to become
7.It's no good ________ (stay) here, so let's go home.
staying
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.The findings showed that women who drank a lot of coffee
while pregnant were more likely _________ (have) children with
birth defects.
to have
9.I still remember ________ (visit) a workplace where I worked
for five years.
visiting
10.As the saying goes, “________(see) is to believe.” You can't
just trust one side of her words.
To see
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ 语法+写作
1.______________________ is a good way to learn it well.
大声读英语是将之学好的一个好方法。
Reading English aloud
2.After ___________________, he got the ticket at last.
等待一个小时之后,他终于得到了票。
waiting for an hour
3.They are looking a lot healthier than when they were first
brought in and it is fantastic __________________________.
他们看起来比刚被带来的时候健康多了,看见他们过得这么好真是太
棒了。
to see them living so well
1
2
3
4
5
4.Hall showed her students slides of Kenyan mud huts and
asked them to ___________________________________.
霍尔给她的学生们放了肯尼亚土坯屋的幻灯片,并要求他们想象没有
自来水的生活。
imagine living without running water
5.They appeared _________________________________.
他们似乎不知道正在发生的事。
not to know what was happening
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ 语篇型语法填空
A respectable watermelon expert
China 1.__________ (be) the largest producer and consumer
of watermelons in the world since 2018. And Wu Mingzhu, 92
years old now, is the unsung hero who has helped make this
possible. It's fair 2._______ (say) that about 80 percent of the
watermelons are the result of great efforts made by Wu and
her team over more than 60 years.
has been
to say
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Admitted to Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing in
the late 1940s, Wu is an alumnus (校友) of Yuan Longping.
After two years of application failures, Wu succeeded in
3._________(realize) her dream of starting her career in Xinjiang
in 1955. Since then, she has put 4._______ (she) to growing
sweet melons.
Wu's efforts to grow quality melons began paying off in
1973, 5.______ she set up an off-season growing base in
Hainan. Going and returning between Xinjiang and Hainan
realizing
herself
when
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6.__________ (frequent) for many years, Wu developed more
than 20,000 of China's new seed 7.______ (kind) through off-
season growing.
Wu's contribution has won her many praises. She became
8.___ member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999
and an honorary citizen of Sanya in 2004.
Now suffering 9.______ Alzheimer's (阿尔茨海默症), Wu is
often 10.________ (able) to recognize her former colleagues or
even her family members. However, the memory of her melon
work remains in her mind.
frequently
kinds
a
from
unable
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅳ 完形填空
[2024·河北沧州运东四校联考高二期中]
A man got depressed about life. In spite of all his . .1. ., he
got nothing but failure. Feeling . .2. ., he left everything and
relaxed himself in the woods, where he met a farmer. The man
shared his . .3. . with the farmer.
“Do you see that fern (蕨类植物) and bamboo there ” the
farmer said, pointing towards two . .4. .. He told the man that
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
when he planted the fern and the bamboo seeds, he took very
good care of them. Within a short period of time, the fern . .5. .
grew from the earth. However, . .6. . the bamboo seed had been
watered for years, it did not outwardly grow as much as an
inch. But the farmer did not . .7. . the bamboo seed and
continued to . .8. . it. By the fifth year, a tiny sprout (嫩芽) grew
out of the . .9. .. And within six months, the tree grew a hundred
feet tall.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
“So, did the bamboo tree lie quietly for four years only to
grow rapidly in the . .10. . ” the farmer asked. The answer is
quite . .11. .. The little tree was growing underground, developing
a root system which was . .12. . enough to support its potential
for outward . .13. . in the fifth year and beyond.
“Did you know that you had been . .14. . all the time and
that you were growing strong roots ” said the farmer. Hearing
the farmer's words, the man . .15. . the value of hard work.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了农夫通过种
植蕨类植物和竹子的经历，向一个感到沮丧的男人解释了成功的真
谛。尽管竹子长时间内没有表现出明显的生长，但最终在第五年迅
速成长，这暗示了成功需要耐心、坚持和努力。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 1.A.advice B.effort C.fear D.evidence
[解析] 根据上文的“A man got depressed about life.”和下文的
“…he got nothing but failure.”可知，这位男子很压抑，原因在于
尽管彵很努力，但他还是失败了。故选B项。advice建议；effort努力；
fear恐惧；evidence证据。
( ) 2.A.surprised B.motivated C.defeated D.relieved
[解析] 根据上文的“In spite of all his…he got nothing but failure.”
可知，尽管这位男子非常努力，但还是失败了，因此他会有挫败感。
故选C项。surprised惊讶的；motivated有动力的；defeated受挫的；
relieved宽慰的。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 3.A.excitement B.failure C.knowledge D.food
[解析] 根据上文的“Feeling…he left everything and relaxed himself
in the woods, where he met a farmer.”可知，该男子感受到了挫
败感，他来到树林放松并和遇见的农夫分享自己的失败。故选B项。
excitement兴奋；failure失败；knowledge知识；food食物。
( ) 4.A.farms B.seeds C.gardens D.plants
[解析] 根据本句中的fern (蕨类植物) and bamboo there可知，农
夫指着这两棵植物问该男子。故选D项。farm农场；seed种子；
garden园子；plant植物。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 5.A.quickly B.immediately C.hardly D.potentially
[解析] 根据下文的“However…the bamboo seed had been
watered for years, it did not outwardly grow as much as an
inch.”可知，相比之下，那棵蕨类植物要比竹子长得快。故选A项。
quickly快速地； immediately立即地；hardly几乎不；potentially
潜在地。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 6.A.since B.if C.unless D.although
[解析] 根据本句中的“…the bamboo seed had been watered for
years, it did not outwardly grow as much as an inch.”可知，逗
号前后两部分的内容为让步关系，使用although引导让步状语从句。
故选D项。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 7.A.get down to B.look forward to
C.give up on D.go away with
[解析] 根据上文的“…the bamboo seed had been watered for
years, it did not outwardly grow as much as an inch.”及but表示
转折可知，虽然竹子的种子已经浇水多年也没有向外长出一英寸，
但是农夫没有放弃它。故选C项。get down to着手做；look
forward to期待；give up on对……不抱希望；go away with 带走。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 8.A.show B.regulate C.cut D.water
[解析] 根据上文的“…the bamboo seed had been watered for
years, it did not outwardly grow as much as an inch. But the
farmer did not…the bamboo seed…”可知，虽然竹子的种子已经浇
水多年也没有向外长出一英寸，但是农夫没有放弃它，继续给它浇
水。故选D项。show展示； regulate 控制；cut切割；water浇水。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 9.A.ground B.imbalance C.tree D.disorder
[解析] 根据上文的“But the farmer did not…the bamboo seed
and continued to…it.”可知，农夫没有放弃它，继续给它浇水，因此
竹子终于破土而出。故选A项。ground地面； imbalance 不平衡；
tree树；disorder混乱。
( ) 10.A.third B.fourth C.fifth D.sixth
[解析] 根据上文的“By the fifth year, a tiny sprout (嫩芽) grew
out of the…And within six months, the tree grew a hundred feet
tall.”可知，到了第五年，竹子终于破土而出，长出了一个小嫩芽。
故选C项。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 11.A.obvious B.right C.wrong D.intricate
[解析] 根据下文的“The little tree was growing underground,
developing a root system which was…enough to support its
potential for outward…in the fifth year and beyond.”可知，答案
很明显，这粒竹子种子安静地躺了四年，就是为了打好根基，在第
五个年头迅速生长。故选A项。obvious明显的；right正确的；wrong
错误的； intricate复杂的。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 12.A.clear B.strong C.early D.close
[解析] 根据下文的“…enough to support its potential for
outward…”可知，为了获得向外生长的潜力，根部要足够强壮才能做
好支撑。故选B项。clear清晰的；strong强壮的； early早期的；
close靠近的。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 13.A.information B.calmness C.success D.growth
[解析] 根据上文的“‘So, did the bamboo tree lie quietly for four
years only to grow rapidly in the… ’ the farmer asked. The
answer is quite…”可知，竹子积蓄力量，打好根基，是为了以后的
生长。故选D项。information信息；calmness冷静；success成功；
growth 生长。
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( ) 14.A.resting B.waiting C.struggling D.smiling
[解析] 根据上文的“In spite of all his…he got nothing but failure.”
可知，农夫教导这位男子要明白过去的奋斗是在打下稳固的基础，
虽然失败了，但是依然有意义。故选C项。rest休息；wait等待；
struggle奋斗；smile 微笑。
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( ) 15.A.reported B.realized C.overlooked D.assessed
[解析] 根据上文的“‘Did you know that you had been…all the
time and that you were growing strong roots ’ said the farmer.”
可知，农夫教导这位男子要明白过去的奋斗是在打下稳固的基础，
虽然失败了，但是依然有意义，因此他会意识到努力的价值。故选B
项。report报告；realize意识到； overlook忽视；assess评估。
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Ⅴ 阅读七选五
Urban wildlife
As we all know, cities are diverse ecosystems. In addition to
visitors from the wild, a large number of species share our
urban areas. As our cities spread, we need to think about what
it is like for other species to have human neighbours.
There is no denying that cities are built for humans. 1.___
For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that
humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plant
flowers, we destroy natural habitats.
D
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2.___ When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired,
engineers added small gaps running along the length of its
bottom. This made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge
was the home of thousands of bats. 3.___ Now, they have
come to value their winged neighbours. The bats are a tourist
attraction, and they eat lots of bugs every night.
There are also structures built with the aim of bringing
wildlife into the city. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good
example. The park used native plants and created open, natural
B
F
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spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160
species of birds. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a
zoo. 4.___
If we learn to share our space, we can become better
neighbours to the wildlife around us. 5.___ Our own future will
be endangered too.
E
C
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A.They are built to protect birds.
B.Our actions sometimes help other species.
C.If we do not, more species will become extinct.
D.They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife.
E.Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move about freely.
F.At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of
them.
G.They would sit on it and their droppings would fall into the
water.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者对于人类城市与
野生动物之间的关系的思考。
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1.___
D
[解析] 根据空前的“…cities are built for humans.”和后文“…we
destroy natural habitats.”可知,城市建造以人为主要因素,并不总是为
野生动物提供栖息地,故选D。
2.___
B
[解析] 根据后文“This made a good home for bats…”可知,我们人
类的行为有时是可以帮助到野生动物的,故选B。
3.___
F
[解析] 根据空后句的时间标志词now可以判断,空处与后文内容存在
对照关系,选项F中的at first与now相呼应,故选F。
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4.___
E
[解析] 根据上文“The park used native plants and created open,
natural spaces for wildlife.”可知,野生动物在这里可以自由活动,故E
项符合语境,故选E。
5.___
C
[解析] 上文谈及人类与野生动物共享城市空间的好处,空后句子的内
容与空前句形成对照关系,再由空后句的标志词too可确定答案为C。
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Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·福建福州屏东中学高二期中]
In the China Pavilion at the sixth China International Import
Expo in Shanghai, a piece of bamboo art resembling a Taihu
Lake Stone was the centre of attention. Perfectly 1.___________
(combine) traditional craftwork with natural art, it demonstrated
the beauty of the stone 2.______ which it was modeled. It was
the work of Qian Lihuai, an inheritor of traditional bamboo
weaving techniques.
combining
after
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“Bamboo weaving lacks documented records; the skills have
always been passed down orally. I spent 3.___ considerable
period interviewing seasoned craftsmen 4._____ carefully
gathering records of weaving techniques,” Qian explains.
After understanding the foundational logic of bamboo
weaving and the patterns, Qian began to add artistic
5.________(touch) to his bamboo weaving.
“My artistic 6.___________ (innovate) centres around how
weaving can convey the nature of the world.
a
and
touches
innovation
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For instance, we employ a 7.________(diversity) range of colours
to strengthen its expressive potential, filling bamboo weaving
with a convincing language,” Qian adds.
Additionally, there is a dynamic connection and dialogue
with other materials. “8.__________(bamboo) unique combination
of rigidity and flexibility, distinct from many other materials like
metals or textiles, 9._____________________(position) it in a
proper zone. I believe it can be used as an excellent adhesive
(黏合剂) with other materials,” Qian explains.
diverse
Bamboo's
positions/will position
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He has also taught his bamboo weaving techniques at
Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, and said
previously the course 10.______________ (design) to encourage
open-minded thinking, exploring the ways to integrate bamboo
weaving expertise into different fields.
was designed
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个竹制艺术品
将传统工艺与自然艺术完美地结合在一起。此外，文章还介绍了这
一项技术的传承和发展。
1.___________
combining
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，combine与逻辑主语it
构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填combining。
2.______
after
[解析] 考查介词。短语model…after…表示“模仿……塑造……”,应用
介词after，构成“介词+关系代词”结构。故填after。
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3.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。period在此处为泛指，且considerable是发音以辅
音音素开头的单词。故填a。
4._____
and
[解析] 考查连词。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系，应用连词and。
故填and。
5.________
touches
[解析] 考查名词复数。touch在此处为可数名词，前文没有限定词，
应用复数形式。故填touches。
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6.___________
innovation
[解析] 考查名词。形容词artistic修饰名词，且后面的谓语动词
centres为第三人称单数形式，故此处名词用单数形式。故填
innovation。
7.________
diverse
[解析] 考查形容词。修饰range应用形容词diverse，故填diverse。
8.__________
Bamboo's
[解析] 考查名词所有格。此处bamboo与后文combination构成所属
关系，应用名词所有格形式。空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填
Bamboo's。
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9._____________________
positions/will position
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处作谓语，可用一般现在时或
一般将来时，主语为combination，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
故填positions/will position。
10.______________
was designed
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语与谓语构成被动关系，
根据上文previously可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为the
course，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填was designed。
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