Period Four Writing
【单元主题表达】
【主题单词】
1.theme 2.abundant/rich 3.survival 4.inspiration 5.overuse
【主题短语】
1.be/feel honoured 2.deliver/give/make a speech
3.natural resources 4. agree more 5. respect and protection
6. a correct understanding of 7.in harmony with 8.meet/satisfy one’s needs 9.take action
【高级句式】
1.I’m honoured to deliver a speech 2. many of which are necessary for our survival 3. nature is the mother of humans 4.There is no doubt that 5.While enjoying what nature offers us 6. we had a correct understanding of
【活学活用】
One possible version:
A lesson from ants
Hello, everyone. Today I want to share with you a story about ants. One day, I saw an ant in my grandparents’ garden. The tiny creature was trying hard to carry a tiny piece of bread to its hole, but its efforts were in vain. Each time it picked up the piece of bread, the bread rolled down and fell onto the ground. While I was wondering what it would do next, it was joined by more ants. This group of ants worked together, and eventually they managed to carry the piece of bread to their hole.
What lesson can we draw from ants I think we should cooperate in order to achieve what seems impossible for us to do as individuals. In order to achieve our goals, we should work together.
That’s all. Thank you! Period Four Writing
Ⅰ.A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了生物学家Ive de Smet和艺术史学家David Vergauwen如何通过研究历史艺术作品中的植物细节,追踪植物的进化和育种过程。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The short wheat is essentially a consequence of breeding from the second half of the 20th century…”可知,矮秆小麦是20世纪下半叶育种的结果,因此在20世纪50年代之前可能没有矮秆小麦品种。故选C项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中“As friends since childhood, their interest in plants in artworks began with a visit to a museum in Russia, where they noticed an old-looking watermelon in an early-7th-century painting. A watermelon is usually believed to be red on the inside. However, that one appeared to be pale and white.”可知,画中的白色西瓜激发了二人对画有植物的历史艺术作品的兴趣。故选B项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But they caution, the source paintings need to be realistic. ‘If you’re going to use, for example, Picasso’s paintings to try and understand what a pear looked like in the early 20th century, you might be misled.’”可知,原画必须是写实的。而文中提及毕加索是为了说明无法通过非写实作品进行研究,强调使用写实原画的重要性。故选D项。
4.B 主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段“Art museums are full of centuries-old paintings with details of plants that today give us clues about evolution and breeding.”可知,本文介绍了人们通过艺术博物馆里展出的画有植物的艺术作品,可以获取植物进化与育种的线索。故B项(古老的艺术提供有趣的农业信息)能概括文章主要内容。故选B项。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员从鸟类身上得到启发,想知道人工智能模型是否可以在有限的程序下完成类似的任务。文章介绍了研究开展的经过。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Just after hatching, many birds learn to identify and follow the first moving object they encounter—a process called imprinting, which can offer protection in the wild as it helps them stay near a parent.”(刚孵化出来后,许多鸟就学会了识别和追随它们遇到的第一个移动物体——这一过程被称为“印记”,在野外可以提供保护,因为它可以帮助它们留在父母身边。)可知,新生的鸟类有印记是为了与监护者建立保护性联系。故选D。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第二段“She first raised chicks in a box where the only visual stimulation came from a rotating 3D object presented on a screen.”(她首先在一个盒子里饲养小鸡,唯一的视觉刺激来自屏幕上呈现的旋转的3D物体。)可知,她在一个有旋转视觉元素的环境中抚养小鸡,来进行最初的实验。故选A。
7.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The AI models had just 300 milliseconds to learn from each simulated image—approximating (接近于) how long biological neurons (神经元) fire after being presented with an image. The researcher found that the AIs could learn to recognise a 3D object as quickly and accurately as the chicks.”(人工智能模型从每张模拟图像中学习的时间只有300毫秒,这接近于生物神经元在看到图像后的激活时间。研究人员发现,人工智能可以像小鸡一样快速准确地学会识别3D物体。)可知,虚拟仿造物在研究中检查人工智能模型识别3D物体的能力。故选C。
8.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study is ‘a great piece of work’ in comparing machine performance with biological brains, says Antone Martinho Truswell at the University of Sydney. But he also notes, ‘We might be able to say that the chick “saw” its imprinting object, but that will have a component (成分) of experience to it. Particularly as imprinting is to do with identifying its mother, it would be unsurprising if that visual experience were combined with a suite of other components of experience: fear yielding to comfort, for example, as the chick comes to regard the object as its imprinted “mother”.’”(悉尼大学的Antone Martinho Truswell说,这项研究在比较机器性能与生物大脑方面是“一项伟大的工作”。但他也指出,“我们可能会说小鸡‘看到’了它的印记物体,但这将有一个经验的成分掺杂其中。特别是因为印记与识别母亲有关,如果这种视觉经验与一系列其他经验的组成部分结合在一起,那就不足为奇了:例如,当小鸡把这个物体视为它印记的‘母亲’时,恐惧被安慰所取代。”)可知,根据Antone Martinho Truswell的说法,将机器性能与生物大脑进行比较的挑战是生物经验的复杂性和多样性。故选C。
Ⅱ.第一节
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I’m glad to share with you the upcoming event at our school.
The theme of this year’s World Earth Day is “Planet vs. Plastics”, focusing on the danger of plastic pollution and our school has organized a series of activities. These include a lecture on plastic pollution, a workshop on how to reuse plastics, and a clean-up campaign. I have been assigned to help organize the clean-up campaign. We will gather in the schoolyard and head to our designated area and work together to pick up any plastic waste that we find. I’m really looking forward to this opportunity.
I hope you can also participate in similar activities in your area to help protect our planet.
Best regards.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
【思路点拨】 本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了作者在自己孩子的学校做志愿者的时候,留心到学校前院缺乏树木和遮阴,导致学生和教职工在炎热的天气里难以集中注意力。作者想到树木可以帮助降低室内温度,于是向家长教师协会提议将前院改造成一个美丽的户外教室,给学生们提供更舒适的学习环境。虽然这个想法实施起来比较困难,但校长最终同意进行前院的改造。作者找到专业的景观设计师、当地公司和慈善机构,为改造计划做好了前期的筹备工作,铺设表土、挖掘和种植的工作将在几周内开始。
【详解】
1.段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“所以我们把任务贴在学校的前厅,每个人都能看到。”可知,第一段可描写很多人积极报名参与这项任务,以及大家开始从事不同的准备工作。
②由第二段首句内容“很快,每个人——学生、教职工和志愿者——都开始了铺开表层土的工作。”可知,第二段可描写大家都认真投入到改造工作中,以及作者对这项工作的感受。
2.续写线索:积极报名—准备改造工作—铺设表层土壤—认真工作—感受
One possible version:
So we posted the tasks in the school’s front hall where everyone could see them. Students, staff and volunteers all signed up to help with various aspects of the project (不定式作目的状语). It was heart-warming to see so many people coming (it作形式主语;see+宾语+宾补) together for a common goal. Students researched how to do (疑问词+不定式) gardening work, and staff worked on incorporating the outdoor classroom concept into their lesson plans. Volunteers donated tools, seeds and other necessary materials. The energy and enthusiasm were contagious, driving us all forward with excitement and determination (现在分词作状语).
Soon, everyone—students, staff and volunteers—began working to spread the topsoil. It was hard work, but seeing the barren yard gradually being covered with nutrient-rich soil (现在分词作主语) filled us with a sense of accomplishment. Students eagerly helped professionals plant the young trees. Staff members and volunteers set up benches and outdoor learning stations, turning the once-empty space into a welcoming environment (现在分词作状语). The landscape designer’s plan started to come to life before our eyes. The sense of pride and togetherness that filled the air (定语从句) was noticeable, as we worked side by side to create an outdoor oasis full of vigour for the school community (as引导状语从句).Period Four Writing
写关于自然的文章
【写作点拨】
本单元所涉及的主题语境是人类向自然界学习,大自然不仅仅赋予了我们人类丰富的自然资源,它还给我们带来了很多启示。这些都值得我们深入思考人类与自然的关系,树立向大自然学习和与环境和谐相处的观念。
【典题示例】
假定你是李华,你将代表班级参加学校举办的主题为“Nature and us”的英语演讲比赛,请参考以下内容完成你的演讲稿并准备参赛。
1.自然界赋予了我们什么;
2.我们从自然界中学到了什么;
3.我们目前对大自然做了些什么。
注意:词数80个左右。
【写作指导】
一、审题构思
1.确定体裁:演讲稿;
2.确定人称:以第一人称和第三人称为主;
3.确定时态:以一般现在时为主。
二、谋篇布局
文章包括三部分:
1.介绍演讲的主题;
2.介绍演讲的主体内容;
3.总结或升华主题、感谢听众。
【主题单词】
1. n.主题
2. adj.丰富的
3. n.生存
4. n.灵感,启发
5. v.过度使用
【主题短语】
1. to do sth做某事感到荣幸
2. 发表演讲
3. 自然资源
4.couldn’t 非常同意
5.show adequate for对……表现出足够的尊敬和保护
6.have 对……有正确的理解
7. 与……和谐相处
8. 满足某人的需要
9. 采取行动
【高级句式】
1.主语+be+adj.+不定式
with the theme of “Nature and us” today.
我很荣幸今天能做一个主题为“自然与我们”的演讲。
2.定语从句
Nature offers us abundant natural resources, .
大自然为我们提供了丰富的自然资源,很多是我们生存所必需的。
3.宾语从句
I couldn’t agree more that .
我非常同意自然是人类的母亲。
4.同位语从句
nature has always been inspiration for humans in many ways such as architecture and technology.
毫无疑问,在许多方面如建筑和技术,自然一直给人类灵感。
5.省略结构
, we don’t show adequate respect and protection for nature, like overusing natural resources and polluting the environment.
在享受自然所给予我们的事物时,我们对自然没有表现出足够的尊重和保护,比如过度使用自然资源和污染环境。
6.虚拟语气
It is high time the relationship with nature.
是时候我们对与自然的关系有一个正确的理解了。
【连贯成文】
Hello, everyone,
I’m honoured to deliver a speech with the theme of “Nature and us” today.
First of all,nature offers us abundant natural resources, many of which are necessary for our survival.Therefore, I couldn’t agree more that nature is the mother of humans. Besides, there is no doubt that nature has always been inspiration for humans in many ways such as architecture and technology.However, while enjoying what nature offers us, we don’t show adequate respect and protection for nature, like overusing natural resources and polluting the environment. So it is high time we had a correct understanding of the relationship with nature. And we should live in harmony with nature, both to meet today’s needs and to protect tomorrow’s world.
Let’s take action now.
【活学活用】
假设你是学校英语报社的编辑李华,你将写一篇主题为“A lesson from ”的短文向报社投稿,描述你观察到的一个事物或者自然现象(如滴水穿石),并陈述你从中获得的启发。
注意:1.词数80个左右;
2.文章的开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。
A lesson from
Hello, everyone. Today I want to share with you a story about
That’s all. Thank you!Period Four Writing
●Ⅰ 阅读理解
A [2024·四川南充嘉陵第一中学高二期中]
Art museums are full of centuries-old paintings with details of plants that today give us clues about evolution and breeding.
Exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, The Harvesters created in 1565 shows farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are. “Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see that wheat is about knee height. The short wheat is essentially a consequence of breeding from the second half of the 20th century,” said biologist Ive de Smet.
According to De Smet, wheat is just one example of how historical artworks can allow us to track the transformation of crops over time. He has teamed up with art historian David Vergauwen to seek similar kinds of artworks around the world.
As friends since childhood, their interest in plants in artworks began with a visit to a museum in Russia, where they noticed an old-looking watermelon in an early-7th-century painting. A watermelon is usually believed to be red on the inside. However, that one appeared to be pale and white. De Smet assured the painter had done a poor job. But Vergauwen had a different idea. “This is one of the best painters ever in that era. So, if he painted it like that, that’s the way it must have looked like.”
Other paintings revealed that there were both red and white watermelons grown in the 17th century. The chemical compound that makes watermelons red is lycopene (番茄红素). “There must have been some sort of mutation (突变) preventing the accumulation of that colour. Now, with all the genetic knowledge that we have of various plant species, we can look in more detail at how something comes about.”
De Smet and Vergauwen hope to create an online research database of historical plant artworks. They call for contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via social media. But they caution, the source paintings need to be realistic. “If you’re going to use, for example, Picasso’s paintings to try and understand what a pear looked like in the early 20th century, you might be misled.” Instead, such an attempt could be fruitless.
( )1.What can we infer about wheat from Paragraph 2
A.It became shorter and shorter as it evolved.
B.It was about knee height in the 16th century.
C.It might have had no short varieties before the 1950s.
D.It showed different heights as farmers’ heights changed.
( )2.What aroused De Smet and Vergauwen’s interest in historical plant artworks
A.Their lifelong friendship.
B.A white watermelon in a painting.
C.Their professional background.
D.An argument over the best painters.
( )3.Why is Picasso mentioned in the last paragraph
A.To give an example of historical plant artworks.
B.To showcase the contributions of art enthusiasts.
C.To describe the appearance of a pear in the early 20th century.
D.To emphasize the significance of using realistic source paintings.
( )4.What is the main idea of the text
A.Plant evolution progresses throughout history.
B.Old art provides fascinating insights into agriculture.
C.Ancient art demonstrates the presence of white watermelons.
D.Plants serve as a popular subject in numerous historical artworks.
B
Just after hatching, many birds learn to identify and follow the first moving object they encounter—a process called imprinting, which can offer protection in the wild as it helps them stay near a parent. It doesn’t take much visual information for a bird to learn to prefer one object and follow it. Researchers wanted to know whether AI models called transformers could do a similar task with limited inputs.
“To directly compare learning algorithms (算法) to brains, we need to train them on the same experiences,” says Samantha Wood at Indiana University Bloomington. She first raised chicks in a box where the only visual stimulation came from a rotating 3D object presented on a screen. After the first week, she ran each chick through hundreds of test trials that showed that same object on one screen—presented from both familiar and unfamiliar perspectives—and displayed a second unfamiliar object on another screen. The chicks spent more of their time near the first object, suggesting they had imprinted on it.
The researcher then created a virtual simulation (仿造物) of the set-up and used a virtual agent to move through it while looking around and recording a first-person view. That provided tens of thousands of simulated images for training and evaluating four transformer models.
The AI models had just 300 milliseconds to learn from each simulated image—approximating (接近于) how long biological neurons (神经元) fire after being presented with an image. The researcher found that the AIs could learn to recognise a 3D object as quickly and accurately as the chicks.
The study is “a great piece of work” in comparing machine performance with biological brains, says Antone Martinho Truswell at the University of Sydney. But he also notes, “We might be able to say that the chick ‘saw’its imprinting object, but that will have a component (成分) of experience to it. Particularly as imprinting is to do with identifying its mother, it would be unsurprising if that visual experience were combined with a suite of other components of experience: fear yielding to comfort, for example, as the chick comes to regard the object as its imprinted ‘mother’.”
( )5.Why do newborn birds engage in imprinting
A.To enhance their navigation skills.
B.To develop their social behaviour.
C.To improve their communication with other birds.
D.To establish a protective connection with a guardian.
( )6.How did Samantha Wood conduct the initial experiment with chicks
A.She raised them in an environment with a rotating visual element.
B.She exposed them to various visual stimulations in the wild.
C.She showed them various moving objects on screens.
D.She observed their behaviour in a natural habitat.
( )7.What role did the virtual simulation play in the research
A.To imitate the natural behaviour of birds.
B.To assess the effectiveness of virtual agents.
C.To examine the AI models’ ability to identify a 3D object.
D.To create a visually diverse environment for the chicks.
( )8.According to Antone Martinho Truswell, what poses a challenge in comparing machine performance with biological brains
A.Rapid learning pace of AI models.
B.Recreating real-world environments for experiments.
C.The complexity and diversity of biological experience.
D.Conducting additional experiments with a range of animals.
●Ⅱ 写作
第一节 应用文写作
假设你是高三学生李华。今年世界地球日的主题为“Planet vs. Plastics”,你校将举办相关活动。你的笔友Jim发来邮件,询问该活动的情况。请你用英文给他回复,内容包括:
1.介绍活动内容;
2.你的任务。
注意:1.词数80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
第二节 读后续写
[2024·山东临沂河东区高二期中]
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
With no air conditioners and no trees providing shade, the classrooms that faced south at my children’s middle school got too hot during the warmer months of the school year. I knew from my days volunteering in the school that students and staff got overheated and that it was difficult for them to concentrate.
As a long-time master gardener, I knew trees could shade those classroom windows and reduce the temperatures inside to relatively comfortable levels. If benches and trees were added, the front yard would be transformed into a beautiful outdoor classroom, one that would encourage teachers to bring their students outside to learn. And I imagined how wonderful it would be for our district’s kids, many of whom live in apartment buildings without yards or green space, to experience the happiness of sitting on a bench under a leafy green tree during their school day.
Then, I met with the school’s Parent-Teacher Association and told my idea of changing the school’s front yard. And I expressed my willingness to organize the project. The group liked the idea but thought it was too difficult. However, several days later, the principal told me, “I had further discussions with my staff. We all think you are very kind. We want to work with you to transform our school’s front yard.”
Later, I found a professional landscape designer who promised to design our front yard free of charge. After that, I found a local company that promised to deliver topsoil (表土) at a deeply discounted price when we were ready to transform our front yard. Then I contacted a charity which promised to provide us with various shade trees for free that would grow well in our area. And it would send a professional crew to help us plant the trees.
Then, we named our future front yard “The Habitat for Living & Learning”. At this point, we spoke with everyone we knew about The Habitat for Living & Learning. The hard work of spreading topsoil, digging and planting was scheduled to begin within weeks.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
So we posted the tasks in the school’s front hall where everyone could see them.
Paragraph 2:
Soon, everyone—students, staff and volunteers—began working to spread the topsoil.
(共60张PPT)
单元主题表达
练习册
写关于自然的文章
【写作点拨】
本单元所涉及的主题语境是人类向自然界学习,大自然不仅仅赋
予了我们人类丰富的自然资源,它还给我们带来了很多启示。这些都
值得我们深入思考人类与自然的关系,树立向大自然学习和与环境和
谐相处的观念。
【典题示例】
假定你是李华,你将代表班级参加学校举办的主题为“Nature and
us”的英语演讲比赛,请参考以下内容完成你的演讲稿并准备参赛。
1.自然界赋予了我们什么;
2.我们从自然界中学到了什么;
3.我们目前对大自然做了些什么。
注意:词数80个左右。
【写作指导】
一、审题构思
1.确定体裁:演讲稿;
2.确定人称:以第一人称和第三人称为主;
3.确定时态:以一般现在时为主。
二、谋篇布局
文章包括三部分:
1.介绍演讲的主题;
2.介绍演讲的主体内容;
3.总结或升华主题、感谢听众。
【主题单词】
1._______ n.主题
2.______________ adj.丰富的
3.________ n.生存
4.___________ n.灵感,启发
5.________ v.过度使用
theme
abundant/rich
survival
inspiration
overuse
【主题短语】
1._________________ to do sth做某事感到荣幸
2.__________________________ 发表演讲
3._________________ 自然资源
4.couldn't ____________ 非常同意
5.show adequate ______________________for对……表现出足够的
尊敬和保护
be/feel honoured
deliver/give/make a speech
natural resources
agree more
respect and protection
6.have __________________________ 对……有正确的理解
7.________________ 与……和谐相处
8.________________________ 满足某人的需要
9.____________ 采取行动
a correct understanding of
in harmony with
meet/satisfy one's needs
take action
【高级句式】
1.主语+be+adj.+不定式
________________________________with the theme of “Nature
and us” today.
我很荣幸今天能做一个主题为“自然与我们”的演讲。
I'm honoured to deliver a speech
2.定语从句
Nature offers us abundant natural resources, __________________
___________________________.
大自然为我们提供了丰富的自然资源,很多是我们生存所必需的。
many of which are necessary for our survival
3.宾语从句
I couldn't agree more that _______________________________.
我非常同意自然是人类的母亲。
nature is the mother of humans
4.同位语从句
_______________________ nature has always been inspiration for
humans in many ways such as architecture and technology.
毫无疑问,在许多方面如建筑和技术,自然一直给人类灵感。
There is no doubt that
5.省略结构
___________________________________, we don't show adequate
respect and protection for nature, like overusing natural
resources and polluting the environment.
在享受自然所给予我们的事物时,我们对自然没有表现出足够的尊重
和保护,比如过度使用自然资源和污染环境。
While enjoying what nature offers us
6.虚拟语气
It is high time __________________________________ the
relationship with nature.
是时候我们对与自然的关系有一个正确的理解了。
we had a correct understanding of
【连贯成文】
Hello, everyone,
I'm honoured to deliver a speech with the theme of
“Nature and us” today.
First of all,nature offers us abundant natural resources, many
of which are necessary for our survival. Therefore, I couldn't
agree more that nature is the mother of humans. Besides, there
is no doubt that nature has always been inspiration for humans
in many ways such as architecture and technology.
However, while enjoying what nature offers us, we don't show
adequate respect and protection for nature, like overusing
natural resources and polluting the environment. So it is high
time we had a correct understanding of the relationship with
nature. And we should live in harmony with nature, both to
meet today's needs and to protect tomorrow's world.
Let's take action now.
【活学活用】
假设你是学校英语报社的编辑李华，你将写一篇主题为“A
lesson from____”的短文向报社投稿，描述你观察到的一个事物或者
自然现象(如滴水穿石),并陈述你从中获得的启发。
注意: 1.词数80个左右;
2.文章的开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。
A lesson from ______
Hello, everyone. Today I want to share with you a story
about ________________________________________________________________
That's all. Thank you!
One possible version:
A lesson from ants
Hello, everyone. Today I want to share with you a story
about ants. One day, I saw an ant in my grandparents' garden.
The tiny creature was trying hard to carry a tiny piece of bread
to its hole, but its efforts were in vain. Each time it picked up
the piece of bread, the bread rolled down and fell onto the
ground. While I was wondering what it would do next, it was
joined by more ants. This group of ants worked together,
and eventually they managed to carry the piece of bread to their
hole.
What lesson can we draw from ants I think we should
cooperate in order to achieve what seems impossible for us to
do as individuals. In order to achieve our goals, we should work
together.
That's all. Thank you!
练 习 册
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A[2024·四川南充嘉陵第一中学高二期中]
Art museums are full of centuries-old paintings with details
of plants that today give us clues about evolution and breeding.
Exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York
City, The Harvesters created in 1565 shows farmers cutting
wheat nearly as tall as they are. “Nowadays, if you walk through
a wheat field, you basically see that wheat is about knee height.
The short wheat is essentially a consequence of breeding from
the second half of the 20th century,” said biologist Ive de Smet.
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According to De Smet, wheat is just one example of how
historical artworks can allow us to track the transformation of
crops over time. He has teamed up with art historian David
Vergauwen to seek similar kinds of artworks around the world.
As friends since childhood, their interest in plants in
artworks began with a visit to a museum in Russia, where they
noticed an old-looking watermelon in an early-7th-century
painting. A watermelon is usually believed to be red on the
inside. However, that one appeared to be pale and white. De
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Smet assured the painter had done a poor job. But Vergauwen
had a different idea. “This is one of the best painters ever in
that era. So, if he painted it like that, that's the way it must
have looked like.”
Other paintings revealed that there were both red and
white watermelons grown in the 17th century. The chemical
compound that makes watermelons red is lycopene (番茄红素).
“There must have been some sort of mutation (突变) preventing
the accumulation of that colour. Now, with all the genetic
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knowledge that we have of various plant species, we can look
in more detail at how something comes about.”
De Smet and Vergauwen hope to create an online research
database of historical plant artworks. They call for contributions
of art enthusiasts around the world via social media. But they
caution, the source paintings need to be realistic. “If you're
going to use, for example, Picasso's paintings to try and
understand what a pear looked like in the early 20th century,
you might be misled.” Instead, such an attempt could be
fruitless.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了生物学家Ive de Smet
和艺术史学家David Vergauwen如何通过研究历史艺术作品中的植
物细节，追踪植物的进化和育种过程。
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( ) 1.What can we infer about wheat from Paragraph 2
A.It became shorter and shorter as it evolved.
B.It was about knee height in the 16th century.
C.It might have had no short varieties before the 1950s.
D.It showed different heights as farmers' heights changed.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The short wheat is essentially
a consequence of breeding from the second half of the 20th
century…”可知，矮秆小麦是20世纪下半叶育种的结果，因此在20世
纪50年代之前可能没有矮秆小麦品种。故选C项。
√
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( ) 2.What aroused De Smet and Vergauwen's interest in
historical plant artworks
A.Their lifelong friendship.
B.A white watermelon in a painting.
C.Their professional background.
D.An argument over the best painters.
√
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段中“As friends since childhood,
their interest in plants in artworks began with a visit to a
museum in Russia, where they noticed an old-looking
watermelon in an early-7th-century painting. A watermelon is
usually believed to be red on the inside. However, that one
appeared to be pale and white.”可知，画中的白色西瓜激发了二
人对画有植物的历史艺术作品的兴趣。故选B项。
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( ) 3.Why is Picasso mentioned in the last paragraph
A.To give an example of historical plant artworks.
B.To showcase the contributions of art enthusiasts.
C.To describe the appearance of a pear in the early 20th
century.
D.To emphasize the significance of using realistic source
paintings.
√
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But they caution, the source
paintings need to be realistic. ‘If you're going to use, for
example, Picasso's paintings to try and understand what a pear
looked like in the early 20th century, you might be misled.’”可知，
原画必须是写实的。而文中提及毕加索是为了说明无法通过非写实
作品进行研究，强调使用写实原画的重要性。故选D项。
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( ) 4.What is the main idea of the text
A.Plant evolution progresses throughout history.
B.Old art provides fascinating insights into agriculture.
C.Ancient art demonstrates the presence of white watermelons.
D.Plants serve as a popular subject in numerous historical
artworks.
√
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[解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段“Art museums are full
of centuries-old paintings with details of plants that today give
us clues about evolution and breeding.”可知，本文介绍了人们通
过艺术博物馆里展出的画有植物的艺术作品，可以获取植物进化与
育种的线索。故B项(古老的艺术提供有趣的农业信息)能概括文章主
要内容。故选B项。
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B
Just after hatching, many birds learn to identify and follow
the first moving object they encounter—a process called
imprinting, which can offer protection in the wild as it helps
them stay near a parent. It doesn't take much visual information
for a bird to learn to prefer one object and follow it.
Researchers wanted to know whether AI models called
transformers could do a similar task with limited inputs.
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“To directly compare learning algorithms (算法) to brains,
we need to train them on the same experiences,” says
Samantha Wood at Indiana University Bloomington. She first
raised chicks in a box where the only visual stimulation came
from a rotating 3D object presented on a screen. After the first
week, she ran each chick through hundreds of test trials that
showed that same object on one screen—presented from both
familiar and unfamiliar perspectives—and displayed a second
unfamiliar object on another screen.
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The chicks spent more of their time near the first object,
suggesting they had imprinted on it.
The researcher then created a virtual simulation (仿造物) of
the set-up and used a virtual agent to move through it while
looking around and recording a first-person view. That provided
tens of thousands of simulated images for training and
evaluating four transformer models.
The AI models had just 300 milliseconds to learn from each
simulated image—approximating (接近于) how long biological
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neurons (神经元) fire after being presented with an image. The
researcher found that the AIs could learn to recognise a 3D
object as quickly and accurately as the chicks.
The study is “a great piece of work” in comparing machine
performance with biological brains, says Antone Martinho
Truswell at the University of Sydney. But he also notes, “We
might be able to say that the chick ‘saw’its imprinting object,
but that will have a component (成分) of experience to it.
Particularly as imprinting is to do with identifying its mother,
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it would be unsurprising if that visual experience were combined
with a suite of other components of experience: fear yielding to
comfort, for example, as the chick comes to regard the object
as its imprinted ‘mother’.”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员从鸟类
身上得到启发，想知道人工智能模型是否可以在有限的程序下完成
类似的任务。文章介绍了研究开展的经过。
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( ) 5.Why do newborn birds engage in imprinting
A.To enhance their navigation skills.
B.To develop their social behaviour.
C.To improve their communication with other birds.
D.To establish a protective connection with a guardian.
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段“Just after hatching, many birds
learn to identify and follow the first moving object they
encounter—a process called imprinting, which can offer
protection in the wild as it helps them stay near a parent.”
(刚孵化出来后，许多鸟就学会了识别和追随它们遇到的第一个移动
物体——这一过程被称为“印记”，在野外可以提供保护，因为它可以
帮助它们留在父母身边。)可知，新生的鸟类有印记是为了与监护者
建立保护性联系。故选D。
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( ) 6.How did Samantha Wood conduct the initial
experiment with chicks
A.She raised them in an environment with a rotating visual
element.
B.She exposed them to various visual stimulations in the wild.
C.She showed them various moving objects on screens.
D.She observed their behaviour in a natural habitat.
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段“She first raised chicks in a box
where the only visual stimulation came from a rotating 3D
object presented on a screen.”(她首先在一个盒子里饲养小鸡，唯
一的视觉刺激来自屏幕上呈现的旋转的3D物体。)可知，她在一个有
旋转视觉元素的环境中抚养小鸡，来进行最初的实验。故选A。
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( ) 7.What role did the virtual simulation play in the
research
A.To imitate the natural behaviour of birds.
B.To assess the effectiveness of virtual agents.
C.To examine the AI models' ability to identify a 3D object.
D.To create a visually diverse environment for the chicks.
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The AI models had just 300
milliseconds to learn from each simulated image—approximating
(接近于) how long biological neurons (神经元) fire after being
presented with an image. The researcher found that the AIs
could learn to recognise a 3D object as quickly and accurately
as the chicks.”(人工智能模型从每张模拟图像中学习的时间只有300
毫秒，这接近于生物神经元在看到图像后的激活时间。研究人员发
现，人工智能可以像小鸡一样快速准确地学会识别3D物体。)可知，
虚拟仿造物在研究中检查人工智能模型识别3D物体的能力。故选C。
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( ) 8.According to Antone Martinho Truswell, what poses a
challenge in comparing machine performance with biological
brains
A.Rapid learning pace of AI models.
B.Recreating real-world environments for experiments.
C.The complexity and diversity of biological experience.
D.Conducting additional experiments with a range of animals.
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study is ‘a great piece of
work’ in comparing machine performance with biological brains,
says Antone Martinho Truswell at the University of Sydney. But
he also notes, ‘We might be able to say that the chick “saw” its
imprinting object, but that will have a component (成分) of
experience to it. Particularly as imprinting is to do with
identifying its mother, it would be unsurprising if that visual
experience were combined with a suite of other components of
experience: fear yielding to comfort, for example, as the chick
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comes to regard the object as its imprinted “mother”.’”
(悉尼大学的Antone Martinho Truswell说，这项研究在比较机器性
能与生物大脑方面是“一项伟大的工作”。但他也指出，“我们可能会
说小鸡‘看到’了它的印记物体，但这将有一个经验的成分掺杂其中。
特别是因为印记与识别母亲有关，如果这种视觉经验与一系列其他
经验的组成部分结合在一起，那就不足为奇了：例如，当小鸡把这
个物体视为它印记的‘母亲’时，恐惧被安慰所取代。”)可知，根据
Antone Martinho Truswell的说法，将机器性能与生物大脑进行比较
的挑战是生物经验的复杂性和多样性。故选C。
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Ⅱ 写作
第一节 应用文写作
假设你是高三学生李华。今年世界地球日的主题为“Planet vs.
Plastics”，你校将举办相关活动。你的笔友Jim发来邮件，询问该活
动的情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1.介绍活动内容；
2.你的任务。
注意：1.词数80个左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I'm glad to share with you the upcoming event at our
school.
The theme of this year's World Earth Day is “Planet vs.
Plastics”, focusing on the danger of plastic pollution and our
school has organized a series of activities. These include a
lecture on plastic pollution, a workshop on how to reuse
plastics, and a clean-up campaign.
I have been assigned to help organize the clean-up campaign.
We will gather in the schoolyard and head to our designated
area and work together to pick up any plastic waste that we
find. I'm really looking forward to this opportunity.
I hope you can also participate in similar activities in your
area to help protect our planet.
Best regards.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写
[2024·山东临沂河东区高二期中]
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成
一篇完整的短文。
With no air conditioners and no trees providing shade, the
classrooms that faced south at my children's middle school got
too hot during the warmer months of the school year. I knew
from my days volunteering in the school that students and staff
got overheated and that it was difficult for them to concentrate.
As a long-time master gardener, I knew trees could shade
those classroom windows and reduce the temperatures inside to
relatively comfortable levels. If benches and trees were added,
the front yard would be transformed into a beautiful outdoor
classroom, one that would encourage teachers to bring their
students outside to learn. And I imagined how wonderful it
would be for our district's kids, many of whom live in
apartment buildings without yards or green space, to experience
the happiness of sitting on a bench under a leafy green tree
during their school day.
Then, I met with the school's Parent-Teacher Association
and told my idea of changing the school's front yard. And I
expressed my willingness to organize the project. The group
liked the idea but thought it was too difficult. However, several
days later, the principal told me, “I had further discussions with
my staff. We all think you are very kind. We want to work with
you to transform our school's front yard.”
Later, I found a professional landscape designer who
promised to design our front yard free of charge.
After that, I found a local company that promised to deliver
topsoil (表土) at a deeply discounted price when we were ready
to transform our front yard. Then I contacted a charity which
promised to provide us with various shade trees for free that
would grow well in our area. And it would send a professional
crew to help us plant the trees.
Then, we named our future front yard “The Habitat for
Living & Learning”. At this point, we spoke with everyone we
knew about The Habitat for Living & Learning. The hard work
of spreading topsoil, digging and planting was scheduled to
begin within weeks.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
So we posted the tasks in the school's front hall where
everyone could see them.___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Soon, everyone—students, staff and volunteers—began
working to spread the topsoil.______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
【思路点拨】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在自己孩子的学
校做志愿者的时候，留心到学校前院缺乏树木和遮阴，导致学生和
教职工在炎热的天气里难以集中注意力。作者想到树木可以帮助降
低室内温度，于是向家长教师协会提议将前院改造成一个美丽的户
外教室，给学生们提供更舒适的学习环境。虽然这个想法实施起来
比较困难，但校长最终同意进行前院的改造。作者找到专业的景观
设计师、当地公司和慈善机构，为改造计划做好了前期的筹备工作，
铺设表土、挖掘和种植的工作将在几周内开始。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“所以我们把任务贴在学校的前厅，每个人都能
看到。”可知，第一段可描写很多人积极报名参与这项任务，以及大
家开始从事不同的准备工作。
②由第二段首句内容“很快，每个人——学生、教职工和志愿者——
都开始了铺开表层土的工作。”可知，第二段可描写大家都认真投入
到改造工作中，以及作者对这项工作的感受。
2.续写线索：积极报名—准备改造工作—铺设表层土壤—认真工作—
感受
One possible version:
So we posted the tasks in the school's front hall where
everyone could see them. Students, staff and volunteers all
signed up to help with various aspects of the project
(不定式作目的状语). It was heart-warming to see so many
people coming (it作形式主语；see+宾语+宾补) together for a
common goal. Students researched how to do (疑问词+不定式)
gardening work, and staff worked on incorporating the outdoor
classroom concept into their lesson plans.
Volunteers donated tools, seeds and other necessary materials.
The energy and enthusiasm were contagious, driving us all
forward with excitement and determination (现在分词作状语).
Soon, everyone—students, staff and volunteers—began
working to spread the topsoil. It was hard work, but seeing the
barren yard gradually being covered with nutrient-rich soil
(现在分词作主语) filled us with a sense of accomplishment.
Students eagerly helped professionals plant the young trees.
Staff members and volunteers set up benches and outdoor
learning stations, turning the once-empty space into a
welcoming environment (现在分词作状语). The landscape
designer's plan started to come to life before our eyes. The
sense of pride and togetherness that filled the air (定语从句)
was noticeable, as we worked side by side to create an
outdoor oasis full of vigour for the school community
(as引导状语从句).
