Period Two Using language
语法归纳
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.to find 2.written 3.to breathe 4.staring
5.Having spent 6.returned 7.saying 8. ignored
9.watching 10.to be solved
●Ⅱ 1.With the children following him 2.leaving much work unfinished 3.Faced with so much trouble 4.to help children develop team spirit 5.When offered helpPeriod Two Using language
Ⅰ.1.permitting 2.standing 3.to go 4.seated
5.Ordered 6.to share 7.conducted 8.to get 9.spent
10.written
Ⅱ.1.organized by us 2.Having no desire to argue
3.(when) compared to/with 4.to be held in the art gallery 5.saying it was actually a reward
Ⅲ.1.Although/Though/While 2.locals 3.to 4.To preserve 5.basically 6.held 7.the 8.impossible
9.were inspired 10.perfecting
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为疾病而躲在家里,疏远朋友,而朋友们送来鲜花,通过花的语言,让作者重新振作起来。
1.A 根据后文“I didn’t…thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in.”可知,作者认为自己没有什么可以提供给别人,且上文“My body was troubled with illness…”提到作者受到疾病困扰,所以是把自己藏起来了。hide藏;give给;drive驾驶;break损坏。故选A。
2.D 根据前文“My body was troubled with illness, so I’d…myself away. Friends telephoned, texted, e-mailed and sent cards.”可知,作者把自己藏起来,所以朋友们打电话、发短信、发邮件、寄贺卡,她都没有回应。forbid禁止; accept接受; act行动; respond回应。故选D。
3.B 根据前文“Friends telephoned, texted, e-mailed and sent cards. I didn’t…thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in.”可知,朋友们打电话、发短信、发邮件、寄贺卡,作者都没有回应,作者想把自己封闭起来,所以是不情愿地站起来。cautiously谨慎地; reluctantly不情愿地; instantly立刻; cheerfully兴高采烈地。故选B。
4.C 根据后文“It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties that shouldn’t really…yet somehow did.”可知,这束花是由许多品种的单独的花朵组成的,这些花朵本来不应该在一起,所以作者是被它的独特性打动了。size大小; style风格; uniqueness独特性; shape形状。故选C。
5.A 根据前文“It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties…”可知,这束花由许多品种的单独的花朵组成,它们本来不应该放在一起。go together一起,相配; stand out突出; mix up混淆; fade away逐渐消失。故选A。
6.D 根据后文“He told me some of my friends were behind the…”可知,作者是在和花店店主对话,所以是给花店店主打电话。inform通知; thank谢谢; reward奖励; telephone给某人打电话。故选D。
7.A 根据前文“I…got up and opened the door to a flower delivery.”可知,这是一次递送。delivery递送; programme项目; mystery神秘的事物;promise承诺。故选A。
8.B 根据后文through the language of flowers可知,作者的朋友们通过花的语言,传递了信息。companion同伴; message信息; commitment承诺; gift礼物。故选B。
9.C 根据后文“The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts ache for you’. The yellow tulip (郁金香)…”可知,朋友挑选的都是特定的花。expensive昂贵的; rare稀有的; specific特定的,具体的; fresh新鲜的。故选C。
10.A 根据后文“The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts ache for you’. The yellow tulip (郁金香)…”可知,花店店主在向作者解释花语。explain解释; clarify阐明; define定义; analyse分析。故选A。
11.D 根据前文the yellow tulip并结合选项可知,此处指阳光。pain痛苦; fortune运气; compassion同情; sunshine阳光。故选D。
12.D 根据后文never forgetting me可知,此处指有意义的。modest谦虚的; tolerant宽容的; formal正式的; meaningful有意义的。故选D。
13.B 根据前文through the language of flowers可知,上文提到花语,所以此处应是花在表达什么。involve包含; say说,表达; smell闻; sign签字。故选B。
14.D 根据后文“My friends knew I was still that woman…”可知,woman是指以前的作者,那时的作者可以赢得那些花。advocate拥护; confirm证明; require要求; earn赢得。故选D。
15.B 根据前文“My friends knew I was still that woman…”可知,作者的朋友认为作者还是以前那个人,依旧有超越健康的价值。ambition野心; value价值; curiosity好奇心; fantasy幻想。故选B。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了常春藤可以用于覆盖墙壁和屋顶来防热、吸收雨水并为野生动物提供家园,文章还介绍了常春藤的好处和一些可能存在的问题。
1.G 根据上文“The latest thing in architecture is green buildings—covering walls and roofs with a carpet of plants to prevent heat, absorb rain and provide a home for wildlife. Many such buildings need complex systems for holding and irrigating the soil.”并结合后文主要介绍了常春藤的种植事项可知,本句与上文构成转折关系,提出一个办法:种常春藤。故G选项(然而,有一个简单得多的方法:种一些常春藤。)符合语境,故选G。
2.D 根据后文“It grows well in both dry and damp soil.”可知,常春藤可以适应各种土壤,D选项中的soil与后文的soil相对应。故D选项(此外,它能对各种土壤有耐受性。)符合语境,故选D。
3.A 根据上文“For these reasons, ivy can be widely grown to beautify an ugly wall or a fence.”以及后文“It is a heaven for bees and butterflies in summer and its berries are a valuable food source for birds in winter.”可知,上文提到了常春藤本身的优点,后文提到了它对其他动物的好处,由此可知,本句应说明常春藤还可以带来额外的好处。故A选项(种植常青藤可以带来额外的好处。)符合语境,故选A。
4.C 根据上文“However, there are some concerns about growing ivy. Ivy has a reputation for damaging buildings, but according to the UK’s Royal Horticultural Society, this doesn’t usually happen unless the walls already have cracks.”以及后文“But Blanusa at the University of Reading, the UK, who has examined the effects of plant climbers, finds that ivy raises humidity next to the wall by only a small amount.”可知,本段主要是关于种植常春藤可能会导致的问题,且后文提到了常春藤和墙壁湿度的内容,由此可知,本句是在说明常春藤会使墙壁潮湿的问题,C选项中的fear对应上文的concerns,damp对应后文的humidity。故C选项(另一个担心是它会使墙壁潮湿。)符合语境,故选C。
5.E 根据后文“Once ivy has been in the ground for a few years, it can grow out of control. Just don’t let it get the better of you.”可知,后文提到常春藤会不受控制地生长,由此可推知,本句是在说明种植常春藤要慎重。故E选项(不管怎样,你在种常春藤时确实需要小心。)符合语境,故选E。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国在生物多样性保护和荒野保护方面取得的成就对全球生物多样性保护的未来具有重要意义。政府将一些荒野地区转变为正式的国家公园,新的国家公园系统将更实际地保护栖息地和物种。
1.achievements 考查名词复数。设空处在句中作主语,根据谓语动词are可知,句子的主语应为名词的复数形式。故填achievements。
2.combined 考查非谓语动词。设空处应用非谓语动词,combine和句子的主语the vital biodiversity之间是逻辑上的被动关系,设空处应用动词的过去分词形式。故填combined。
3.into 考查介词。固定搭配transform…into…把……转变成……。故填into。
4.to preserve 考查非谓语动词。此处为“make it+adj. to do”结构。故填to preserve。
5.harmonious 考查形容词。设空处后为名词, 设空处应用形容词形式修饰名词。故填harmonious。
6.where 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,在从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where。故填where。
7.the 考查冠词。根据空后的of the Yellow River可知,此处表示特指,应用定冠词。故填the。
8.is reflected 考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语之间是被动关系,叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时,故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语为the diversity of species and habitats,动词应用三单形式。故填is reflected。
9.or 考查连词。设空处表示选择,意为“或”。故填or。
10.themselves 考查反身代词。当主语they和宾语是同一群人时,应用反身代词作get的宾语。故填themselves。Period Two Using language
复习非谓语动词作定语、状语和补足语
非谓语动词具有动词的基本性质,可以带有自己的宾语或状语,同时又具有其他词类(如:名词、形容词、副词等)的功能,所以在句中可以作除谓语以外几乎所有的句子成分。
一、不定式和分词作定语的比较
1.不定式作定语表将来,现在分词表主动、进行或经常发生,过去分词表被动、完成。
2.不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间关系较为复杂,包括主谓关系、动宾关系、修饰或同位关系。名词前有序数词或最高级修饰时用不定式作定语。某些名词如原因、时间、机会、能力等词习惯上后面用不定式作定语。如:
Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday
谁是昨天第一个到达山顶的人
He had a good way to make his lessons lively and interesting.
他有一种能使他的课生动有趣的好方法。
He has been looking for a true friend to rely on.
他一直在寻找一个可以依靠的真正的朋友。
You’ll have the opportunity to ask any question in the end.
你们最后将有机会提问任何问题。
To our relief, he escaped from the burning building and didn’t get hurt.
使我们感到宽慰的是,他从燃烧的建筑物中逃了出来,没有受伤。
How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields!
我真后悔浪费在树林和田野里的那些时光!
二、非谓语动词作状语的辨析
1.动词不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别
动词不定式作结果状语,往往表示出乎意料的、令人不快的结果,其前常有only修饰, 也可用于一些固定结构,如:too…to…, enough to…等;现在分词作结果状语,几乎和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,表示的是一种必然的结果。如:
Out of curiosity, the boy opened the box, only to find nothing in it.
出于好奇,男孩打开盒子,却发现里面什么也没有。
It was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
那是一个人们在地理上分隔的时代,导致了许多各种各样的方言和文字。
2.只用动词不定式作状语的几种情况
在作表语的形容词后或作宾补的形容词(如:happy, sorry, glad, sad等)后作原因状语;作目的状语只能用动词不定式,也可以和in order, so as 连用,但so as to do 一般不放到句首。如:
The staff will be happy to help arrange for you to swim, sail or ski.
工作人员会很高兴帮你安排游泳、航行或滑雪。
I’ll find a way to improve on my own so as to join the ballet club soon.
我会想办法自己提高,以便很快加入芭蕾舞俱乐部。
3.“连词+现在分词/过去分词”作状语的考查
有时候为了使分词表达的含义更为准确,常在分词前加上一个相关的连词,如when, while, unless, if, though等。如:
Once, while working on a new invention, Edison made 8,000 tests without success.
曾经,爱迪生在研究一项新发明的时候,做了8000次测试都没有成功。
Children cannot be admitted to the museum unless accompanied by an adult.
儿童须有大人陪同才能进入博物馆。
4.being done一般不作状语;having done 是先于谓语动词发生的动作(主动关系), having been done也是先于谓语动词发生的动作(被动关系)。
三、非谓语动词作主语补足语和宾语补足语的考查
1.经常可以接非谓语作宾补的动词有感官动词(短语)(see,look at,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen to,feel等),使役动词(have,let,make,get,leave等)以及其他类动词(keep, catch, set等)。如:
How could you have her standing in the cold all night
你怎么能让她整夜站在寒冷中
2.不定式作宾补时和宾语之间是主动关系,不定式可以表示未发生的、经常性的动作等多种情况。如:
Mother got me to go to the shop and buy some salt.
妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
3.在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed等后常用动词不定式作主语补足语。另外常跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词还有ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish等。如:
Xiamen University is reported to have cultivated more than 400,000 talents for our country in the last 100 years.
据报道,在过去的100年里,厦门大学为国家培养了40多万名人才。
We should encourage students to develop good habits and behave themselves.
我们应该鼓励学生养成良好的习惯,举止得体。
4.当分词作补语表示动作正在进行,宾语与作补语的分词之间是主动关系时,用现在分词。当分词作补语表示完成意义的行为或状态,或者宾语与作补语的分词之间是被动关系时,用过去分词。如:
I saw them playing games on the playground yesterday.
昨天我看见他们在操场上玩游戏。
I had my leg broken carelessly last week during the football match.
在上周的足球比赛中,我不小心把我的一条腿摔断了。
[温馨提示] 有些非谓语形式成为固定用语,用来表示说话人对说话内容所持的态度。
现在分词的独立结构:
judging from/by…, generally speaking, strictly speaking;
不定式的独立结构:
to tell you the truth,to be honest, to make things worse, to begin/start with;
作连词的分词:
considering 考虑到,就……而言;given 考虑到,鉴于;providing/provided 假如; supposing 假设。 这些用来表示条件的连词,后接that 从句。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only (find) it didn’t fit.
2.Clearly and thoughtfully (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
3.I like getting up very early in summer, because the morning air is so good (breathe).
4.Warm tears wetting my cheeks, I stood frozen, (stare) at the list in disbelief.
5. (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
6.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras (return) to our shop for quality problems.
7.There’s a note pinned to the door (say) when the shop will open again.
8.When I went through the procedure again, I found some details (ignore).
9.Last night, there were millions of people (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.
10.There are still many problems (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1. ,
he had to go back to the park. (with复合结构)
孩子们跟在他后面,他不得不回到公园。
2.They went home, .(leave)
他们回家了,留下许多工作未完成。
3. , we failed to complete the task on time. (face)
面对这么多麻烦,我们没能按时完成任务。
4.Group activities will be organized after class .
课后将组织小组活动来帮助孩子们培养团队精神。
5. , one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.” (省略结构)
当被人提供帮助时,人们常说“谢谢你。”或者“你真好。”Period Two Using language
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Weather (permit), we’ll participate in a cycle race tomorrow.
2.The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stand) in one corner.
3.The committee permitted us (go) ahead with our project.
4.When the teacher entered the dormitory , she saw the boy (seat) in a corner, weeping.
5. (order) over a week ago, the exquisite toys are expected to arrive any time now.
6.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes.
7.To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study (conduct) in 2012.
8.He is really an easy-going man (get) along with.
9.Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students.
10.All the people here like the novel (write) by a famous novelist .
●Ⅱ 语法+写作(用非谓语形式)
1.Various activities
could raise your level of proficiency in English.
我们组织的各种活动可以提高你的英语水平。
2. with him, I turned around and left. (desire)
我无意和他争论,转身离开了。
3.The film has shorter history,especially such art forms as music and painting.
电影的历史更短一些,尤其是(当)和诸如音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比。
4.I am writing to invite you to attend the Chinese paper-cutting art exhibition .
我写信邀请你出席将在美术馆举办的中国剪纸艺术展览会。
5.Mr Warren insisted Daniel take the cycle , for his bravery.
沃伦先生坚持让丹尼尔收下这辆自行车,说这实际上是对他勇敢行为的奖励。
●Ⅲ 语篇型语法填空
Jianbing is one of China’s most popular street breakfasts. 1. Chinese dumplings have spread well beyond the country’s borders, Jianbing might be China’s best-kept culinary secret. Every neighbourhood has its own Jianbing vendor serving breakfast from dawn through mid-morning and satisfying hungry 2. (local) on their way to work.
Contrary 3. what you might think, Jianbing is not the grab-and-go street breakfast. 4. (preserve) the crispness of the pancake, Jianbing is never cooked ahead of time, so waiting in line is part of the culture. But 5. (basic), Jianbing is a breakfast worth waiting for.
Jianbing has a longer history than almost any other Chinese street food. It is thought to have originated in Shandong Province during the Three Kingdoms Period. Military strategist Zhuge Liang had his soldiers cook food on shields(盾)6. (hold) over the fire.
Of course, if Jianbing were that easy to make, it would have taken the world by storm long before now. Part of 7. challenge in copying the dish is that the recipe for Jianbing differs in regions, and even in vendors. Many consider it 8. (possible) to make your own Jianbing without months of practice and tuition from a master. Yet a few committed foreigners have made it, who 9. (inspire) to bring Jianbing to a hungry audience after their first taste in China back in the 1980s. In the UK, twins Melissa and Oliver Fu, owners of Mei Mei’s Street Cart are bringing the joy of Jianbing first to London and now Manchester despite all the difficulty they have in 10. (perfect) their technique.
●Ⅳ 完形填空
The language of flowers
Ding-dong! I looked up from the couch. Who in the world could that be My body was troubled with illness, so I’d 1 myself away. Friends telephoned, texted, e-mailed and sent cards. I didn’t 2 , thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in.
I 3 got up and opened the door to a flower delivery. As I put the flowers on my dining table, I was struck by its 4 . It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties that shouldn’t really 5 yet somehow did. The mystery flowers had come in a blue jar, without a card.
Instead of returning to the couch, I 6 the florist. He told me some of my friends were behind the 7 , secretly. “They wanted to get a 8 to you,” he said, “through the language of flowers.”
The group had followed him and picked very 9 stems after consulting an old book. “I learned some things,” the florist said, and then 10 : “The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts ache for you’. The yellow tulip (郁金香) wanted to see 11 in your smile again. The pink carnation had a few 12 words to say about never forgetting me.”
The more I understood what the flowers were 13 , the more I started to remember the woman who might have 14 them before I separated myself from everyone and everything. My friends knew I was still that woman, with 15 beyond my health.
( )1.A.hidden B.given
C.driven D.broken
( )2.A.forbid B.accept
C.act D.respond
( )3.A.cautiously B.reluctantly
C.instantly D.cheerfully
( )4.A.size B.style
C.uniqueness D.shape
( )5.A.go together B.stand out
C.mix up D.fade away
( )6.A.informed B.thanked
C.rewarded D.telephoned
( )7.A.delivery B.programme
C.mystery D.promise
( )8.A.companion B.message
C.commitment D.gift
( )9.A.expensive B.rare
C.specific D.fresh
( )10.A.explained B.clarified
C.defined D.analysed
( )11.A.pain B.fortune
C.compassion D.sunshine
( )12.A.modest B.tolerant
C.formal D.meaningful
( )13.A.involving B.saying
C.smelling D.signing
( )14.A.advocated B.confirmed
C.required D.earned
( )15.A.ambition B.value
C.curiosity D.fantasy
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
The latest thing in architecture is green buildings—covering walls and roofs with a carpet of plants to prevent heat, absorb rain and provide a home for wildlife. Many such buildings need complex systems for holding and irrigating the soil. 1.
Ivy is a group of evergreen climbing plants, whose power to live is hard to beat. Firstly, it can live in almost any surroundings, whether in shade or full sun. 2. It grows well in both dry and damp soil. Moreover, it doesn’t need supports as it grows aerial roots that can be attached to most things. For these reasons, ivy can be widely grown to beautify an ugly wall or a fence. 3. It is a heaven for bees and butterflies in summer and its berries are a valuable food source for birds in winter.
However, there are some concerns about growing ivy. Ivy has a reputation for damaging buildings, but according to the UK’s Royal Horticultural Society, this doesn’t usually happen unless the walls already have cracks. 4. But Blanusa at the University of Reading, the UK, who has examined the effects of plant climbers, finds that ivy raises humidity next to the wall by only a small amount.
5. Once ivy has been in the ground for a few years, it can grow out of control. Just don’t let it get the better of you.
A.Growing ivy can bring added benefits.
B.Therefore, I strongly oppose growing ivy.
C.The other fear is that it can make walls damp.
D.Besides, it can be tolerant of various kinds of soil.
E.Anyway, you do need to be careful in growing ivy.
F.An ivy-covered wall will slightly warm a room in winter.
G.However, there is a much easier approach: growing some ivy.
●Ⅵ 语法填空
With about half of the vast country covered in wilderness, China is the world’s third most species-rich country. Therefore, China’s 1. (achieve) in biodiversity conservation and wilderness protection are important to the future of global biodiversity conservation.
The vital biodiversity, 2. (combine) with a large population, has led the government to reconsider its protected area system and transform some wilderness areas such as the rainforest in Hainan 3. formal national parks. The new national park system will make it more practical 4. (preserve) habitats and species. The aim is to preserve biodiversity and ensure a 5. (harmony) relation between humans and nature.
The national parks cross China’s vast ecosystems, from the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park in the south 6. the Hainan gibbons—a critically endangered species—live, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, the Wuyi Mountain National Park to the Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—7. source of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Lancang River. The diversity of species and habitats under protection 8. (reflect) in these parks’ names.
The national parks are open to all. Visitors can make reservations online in advance 9. book on the spot. They should acquire a little local knowledge to get 10. (they) ready for the amazing trip and maximize their enjoyment. (共66张PPT)
语法归纳
练习册
复习非谓语动词作定语、状语和补足语
非谓语动词具有动词的基本性质,可以带有自己的宾语或状语,同
时又具有其他词类(如:名词、形容词、副词等)的功能,所以在句中可
以作除谓语以外几乎所有的句子成分。
一、不定式和分词作定语的比较
1.不定式作定语表将来,现在分词表主动、进行或经常发生,过去分词
表被动、完成。
2.不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间关系较为复杂,包括主谓
关系、动宾关系、修饰或同位关系。名词前有序数词或最高级修饰
时用不定式作定语。某些名词如原因、时间、机会、能力等词习惯
上后面用不定式作定语。如:
Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday
谁是昨天第一个到达山顶的人
He had a good way to make his lessons lively and interesting.
他有一种能使他的课生动有趣的好方法。
He has been looking for a true friend to rely on.
他一直在寻找一个可以依靠的真正的朋友。
You'll have the opportunity to ask any question in the end.
你们最后将有机会提问任何问题。
To our relief, he escaped from the burning building and didn't
get hurt.
使我们感到宽慰的是,他从燃烧的建筑物中逃了出来,没有受伤。
How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields!
我真后悔浪费在树林和田野里的那些时光!
二、非谓语动词作状语的辨析
1.动词不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别
动词不定式作结果状语,往往表示出乎意料的、令人不快的结果,其前
常有only修饰, 也可用于一些固定结构,如:too…to…, enough to…等;
现在分词作结果状语,几乎和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,表示的
是一种必然的结果。如:
Out of curiosity， the boy opened the box, only to find
nothing in it.
出于好奇,男孩打开盒子,却发现里面什么也没有。
It was a time when people were divided geographically, leading
to many varieties of dialects and characters.
那是一个人们在地理上分隔的时代,导致了许多各种各样的方言和文字。
2.只用动词不定式作状语的几种情况
在作表语的形容词后或作宾补的形容词(如:happy, sorry, glad, sad
等)后作原因状语;作目的状语只能用动词不定式,也可以和in order,
so as 连用,但so as to do 一般不放到句首。如:
The staff will be happy to help arrange for you to swim, sail or
ski.
工作人员会很高兴帮你安排游泳、航行或滑雪。
I'll find a way to improve on my own so as to join the ballet
club soon.
我会想办法自己提高,以便很快加入芭蕾舞俱乐部。
3.“连词+现在分词/过去分词”作状语的考查
有时候为了使分词表达的含义更为准确,常在分词前加上一个相关的
连词,如when, while, unless, if, though等。如:
Once, while working on a new invention, Edison made 8,000
tests without success.
曾经,爱迪生在研究一项新发明的时候,做了8000次测试都没有成功。
Children cannot be admitted to the museum unless
accompanied by an adult.
儿童须有大人陪同才能进入博物馆。
4.being done一般不作状语;having done 是先于谓语动词发生的动
作(主动关系), having been done也是先于谓语动词发生的动作
(被动关系)。
三、非谓语动词作主语补足语和宾语补足语的考查
1.经常可以接非谓语作宾补的动词有感官动词(短语)
(see,look at,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen to,feel等),使役动词
(have,let,make,get,leave等)以及其他类动词(keep, catch, set等)。如:
How could you have her standing in the cold all night
你怎么能让她整夜站在寒冷中
2.不定式作宾补时和宾语之间是主动关系,不定式可以表示未发生的、
经常性的动作等多种情况。如:
Mother got me to go to the shop and buy some salt.
妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
3.在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed等后常用动词
不定式作主语补足语。另外常跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的
动词还有ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish等。如:
Xiamen University is reported to have cultivated more than
400,000 talents for our country in the last 100 years.
据报道,在过去的100年里,厦门大学为国家培养了40多万名人才。
We should encourage students to develop good habits and
behave themselves.
我们应该鼓励学生养成良好的习惯,举止得体。
4.当分词作补语表示动作正在进行,宾语与作补语的分词之间是主动
关系时,用现在分词。当分词作补语表示完成意义的行为或状态,或者
宾语与作补语的分词之间是被动关系时,用过去分词。如:
I saw them playing games on the playground yesterday.
昨天我看见他们在操场上玩游戏。
I had my leg broken carelessly last week during the football
match.
在上周的足球比赛中,我不小心把我的一条腿摔断了。
［温馨提示］有些非谓语形式成为固定用语,用来表示说话人对说话
内容所持的态度。
现在分词的独立结构:
judging from/by…, generally speaking, strictly speaking;
不定式的独立结构:
to tell you the truth,to be honest, to make things worse, to
begin/start with;
作连词的分词:
considering 考虑到,就……而言;given 考虑到,鉴于;
providing/provided 假如; supposing 假设。 这些用来表示条件
的连词,后接that 从句。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it
on, only ________ (find) it didn't fit.
2.Clearly and thoughtfully ________ (write), the book inspires
confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
3.I like getting up very early in summer, because the morning
air is so good ___________ (breathe).
to find
written
to breathe
4.Warm tears wetting my cheeks, I stood frozen, ________(stare)
at the list in disbelief.
staring
5._____________ (spend) the past year as an exchange student
in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her
age.
Having spent
6.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras
_________ (return) to our shop for quality problems.
7.There's a note pinned to the door _______(say) when the
shop will open again.
returned
saying
8.When I went through the procedure again, I found some
details ________(ignore).
9.Last night, there were millions of people _________ (watch)
the opening ceremony live on TV.
10.There are still many problems _____________(solve) before we
are ready for a long stay on the moon.
ignored
watching
to be solved
Ⅱ 句型训练
1.______________________________,he had to go back to the
park. (with复合结构)
孩子们跟在他后面,他不得不回到公园。
With the children following him
2.They went home, _____________________________.(leave)
他们回家了,留下许多工作未完成。
leaving much work unfinished
3.___________________________, we failed to complete the task
on time. (face)
面对这么多麻烦,我们没能按时完成任务。
Faced with so much trouble
4.Group activities will be organized after class ________________
__________________.
课后将组织小组活动来帮助孩子们培养团队精神。
to help children develop team spirit
5.___________________, one often says “Thank you.” or “It's kind
of you.” (省略结构)
当被人提供帮助时,人们常说“谢谢你。”或者“你真好。”
When offered help
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Weather ___________ (permit), we'll participate in a cycle race
tomorrow.
permitting
2.The room is empty except for a bookshelf _________ (stand)
in one corner.
standing
3.The committee permitted us _______ (go) ahead with our
project.
to go
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.When the teacher entered the dormitory, she saw the boy
_______ (seat) in a corner, weeping.
seated
5._________ (order) over a week ago, the exquisite toys are
expected to arrive any time now.
.Ordered
6.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather
together _________ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy
mooncakes.
to share
7.To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to
look at a study ___________ (conduct) in 2012.
conducted
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.He is really an easy-going man _______ (get) along with.
to get
9.Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ______
(spend) with his students.
spent
10.All the people here like the novel ________ (write) by a
famous novelist.
written
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ 语法+写作(用非谓语形式)
1.Various activities ________________ could raise your level of
proficiency in English.
我们组织的各种活动可以提高你的英语水平。
organized by us
2.__________________________with him, I turned around and left.
(desire)
我无意和他争论,转身离开了。
.Having no desire to argue
1
2
3
4
5
3.The film has shorter history,especially ___________________
_______ such art forms as music and painting.
电影的历史更短一些,尤其是(当)和诸如音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比。
(when) compared to/with
4.I am writing to invite you to attend the Chinese paper-cutting
art exhibition ____________________________.
我写信邀请你出席将在美术馆举办的中国剪纸艺术展览会。
to be held in the art gallery
1
2
3
4
5
5.Mr Warren insisted Daniel take the cycle, ______________
________________for his bravery.
沃伦先生坚持让丹尼尔收下这辆自行车,说这实际上是对他勇敢行为
的奖励。
saying it was actually a reward
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ 语篇型语法填空
Jianbing is one of China's most popular street breakfasts.
1._______________________ Chinese dumplings have spread well
beyond the country's borders, Jianbing might be China's best-
kept culinary secret. Every neighbourhood has its own Jianbing
vendor serving breakfast from dawn through mid-morning and
satisfying hungry 2.______ (local) on their way to work.
Although/Though/While
locals
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Contrary 3.____ what you might think, Jianbing is not the
grab-and-go street breakfast. 4.____________(preserve) the
crispness of the pancake, Jianbing is never cooked ahead of
time, so waiting in line is part of the culture. But
5._________(basic), Jianbing is a breakfast worth waiting for.
Jianbing has a longer history than almost any other Chinese
street food. It is thought to have originated in Shandong
Province during the Three Kingdoms Period. Military strategist
Zhuge Liang had his soldiers cook food on shields(盾)6._____
(hold) over the fire.
to
To preserve
basically
held
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Of course, if Jianbing were that easy to make, it would
have taken the world by storm long before now. Part of 7.____
challenge in copying the dish is that the recipe for Jianbing
differs in regions, and even in vendors. Many consider it
8.___________(possible) to make your own Jianbing without
months of practice and tuition from a master. Yet a few
committed foreigners have made it, who 9.______________
(inspire) to bring Jianbing to a hungry audience after their first
taste in China back in the 1980s.
the
impossible
were inspired
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
In the UK, twins Melissa and Oliver Fu, owners of Mei Mei's
Street Cart are bringing the joy of Jianbing first to London and
now Manchester despite all the difficulty they have in
10.__________(perfect) their technique.
perfecting
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅳ 完形填空
The language of flowers
Ding-dong! I looked up from the couch. Who in the world
could that be My body was troubled with illness, so I'd . .1. .
myself away. Friends telephoned, texted, e-mailed and sent
cards. I didn't . .2. ., thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone
in the miserable condition I was in.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
I . .3. . got up and opened the door to a flower delivery. As
I put the flowers on my dining table, I was struck by its . .4. .. It
was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties that
shouldn't really . .5. . yet somehow did. The mystery flowers had
come in a blue jar, without a card.
Instead of returning to the couch, I . .6. . the florist. He told
me some of my friends were behind the . .7. ., secretly. “They
wanted to get a . .8. . to you,” he said, “through the language of
flowers.”
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
The group had followed him and picked very . .9. . stems
after consulting an old book. “I learned some things,” the florist
said, and then . .10. .: “The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our
hearts ache for you’. The yellow tulip (郁金香) wanted to
see . .11. . in your smile again. The pink carnation had a
few . .12. . words to say about never forgetting me.”
The more I understood what the flowers were . .13. ., the
more I started to remember the woman who might have . .14. .
them before I separated myself from everyone and everything.
My friends knew I was still that woman, with . .15. . beyond my
health.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为疾病而躲在
家里，疏远朋友，而朋友们送来鲜花，通过花的语言，让作者重新
振作起来。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 1.A.hidden B.given C.driven D.broken
[解析] 根据后文“I didn't…thinking that I had nothing to offer
anyone in the miserable condition I was in.”可知，作者认为自己
没有什么可以提供给别人，且上文“My body was troubled with
illness…”提到作者受到疾病困扰，所以是把自己藏起来了。hide藏；
give给；drive驾驶；break损坏。故选A。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 2.A.forbid B.accept C.act D.respond
[解析] 根据前文“My body was troubled with illness, so
I'd…myself away. Friends telephoned, texted, e-mailed and sent
cards.”可知，作者把自己藏起来，所以朋友们打电话、发短信、发
邮件、寄贺卡，她都没有回应。forbid禁止； accept接受； act行动；
respond回应。故选D。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 3.A.cautiously B.reluctantly C.instantly D.cheerfully
[解析] 根据前文“Friends telephoned, texted, e-mailed and sent
cards. I didn't…thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in
the miserable condition I was in.”可知，朋友们打电话、发短信、
发邮件、寄贺卡，作者都没有回应，作者想把自己封闭起来，所以
是不情愿地站起来。cautiously谨慎地； reluctantly不情愿地；
instantly立刻； cheerfully兴高采烈地。故选B。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 4.A.size B.style C.uniqueness D.shape
[解析] 根据后文“It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many
varieties that shouldn't really…yet somehow did.”可知，这束花是
由许多品种的单独的花朵组成的，这些花朵本来不应该在一起，所
以作者是被它的独特性打动了。size大小； style风格； uniqueness
独特性； shape形状。故选C。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 5.A.go together B.stand out C.mix up D.fade away
[解析] 根据前文“It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many
varieties…”可知，这束花由许多品种的单独的花朵组成，它们本来不
应该放在一起。go together一起，相配； stand out突出； mix
up混淆； fade away逐渐消失。故选A。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 6.A.informed B.thanked C.rewarded D.telephoned
[解析] 根据后文“He told me some of my friends were behind
the…”可知，作者是在和花店店主对话，所以是给花店店主打电话。
inform通知； thank谢谢； reward奖励； telephone给某人打电话。
故选D。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 7.A.delivery B.programme C.mystery D.promise
[解析] 根据前文“I…got up and opened the door to a flower
delivery.”可知，这是一次递送。delivery递送； programme项目；
mystery神秘的事物；promise承诺。故选A。
( ) 8.A.companion B.message
C.commitment D.gift
[解析] 根据后文through the language of flowers可知，作者的朋
友们通过花的语言，传递了信息。companion同伴； message信息；
commitment承诺； gift礼物。故选B。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 9.A.expensive B.rare C.specific D.fresh
[解析] 根据后文“The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts
ache for you’. The yellow tulip (郁金香)…”可知，朋友挑选的都是
特定的花。expensive昂贵的； rare稀有的； specific特定的，具体
的； fresh新鲜的。故选C。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 10.A.explained B.clarified C.defined D.analysed
[解析] 根据后文“The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts
ache for you’. The yellow tulip (郁金香)…”可知，花店店主在向作
者解释花语。explain解释； clarify阐明； define定义； analyse
分析。故选A。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 11.A.pain B.fortune
C.compassion D.sunshine
[解析] 根据前文the yellow tulip并结合选项可知，此处指阳光。
pain痛苦； fortune运气； compassion同情； sunshine阳光。故选D。
( ) 12.A.modest B.tolerant C.formal D.meaningful
[解析] 根据后文never forgetting me可知，此处指有意义的。
modest谦虚的； tolerant宽容的； formal正式的； meaningful有意
义的。故选D。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 13.A.involving B.saying C.smelling D.signing
[解析] 根据前文through the language of flowers可知，上文提到
花语，所以此处应是花在表达什么。involve包含； say说，表达；
smell闻； sign签字。故选B。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 14.A.advocated B.confirmed C.required D.earned
[解析] 根据后文“My friends knew I was still that woman…”可知，
woman是指以前的作者，那时的作者可以赢得那些花。advocate
拥护； confirm证明； require要求； earn赢得。故选D。
( ) 15.A.ambition B.value C.curiosity D.fantasy
[解析] 根据前文“My friends knew I was still that woman…”可知，
作者的朋友认为作者还是以前那个人，依旧有超越健康的价值。
ambition野心； value价值； curiosity好奇心； fantasy幻想。故选B。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
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15
Ⅴ 阅读七选五
The latest thing in architecture is green buildings—covering
walls and roofs with a carpet of plants to prevent heat, absorb
rain and provide a home for wildlife. Many such buildings need
complex systems for holding and irrigating the soil. 1.___
Ivy is a group of evergreen climbing plants, whose power
to live is hard to beat. Firstly, it can live in almost any
surroundings, whether in shade or full sun. 2.___ It grows well
in both dry and damp soil. Moreover, it doesn't need supports
as it grows aerial roots that can be attached to most things.
G
D
1
2
3
4
5
For these reasons, ivy can be widely grown to beautify an ugly
wall or a fence. 3.___ It is a heaven for bees and butterflies in
summer and its berries are a valuable food source for birds in
winter.
However, there are some concerns about growing ivy. Ivy
has a reputation for damaging buildings, but according to the
UK's Royal Horticultural Society, this doesn't usually happen
unless the walls already have cracks. 4.___ But Blanusa at the
University of Reading, the UK, who has examined the effects of
plant climbers, finds that ivy raises humidity next to the wall by
only a small amount.
A
C
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2
3
4
5
5.___ Once ivy has been in the ground for a few years, it
can grow out of control. Just don't let it get the better of you.
A.Growing ivy can bring added benefits.
B.Therefore, I strongly oppose growing ivy.
C.The other fear is that it can make walls damp.
D.Besides, it can be tolerant of various kinds of soil.
E.Anyway, you do need to be careful in growing ivy.
F.An ivy-covered wall will slightly warm a room in winter.
G.However, there is a much easier approach: growing some ivy.
E
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2
3
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5
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了常春藤可以用于
覆盖墙壁和屋顶来防热、吸收雨水并为野生动物提供家园,文章还介
绍了常春藤的好处和一些可能存在的问题。
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2
3
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5
1.___
G
[解析] 根据上文“The latest thing in architecture is green
buildings—covering walls and roofs with a carpet of plants to
prevent heat, absorb rain and provide a home for wildlife. Many
such buildings need complex systems for holding and irrigating
the soil.”并结合后文主要介绍了常春藤的种植事项可知,本句与上文
构成转折关系,提出一个办法：种常春藤。故G选项(然而,有一个简单
得多的方法:种一些常春藤。)符合语境,故选G。
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2
3
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2.___
D
[解析] 根据后文“It grows well in both dry and damp soil.”可知,
常春藤可以适应各种土壤,D选项中的soil与后文的soil相对应。故D选
项(此外,它能对各种土壤有耐受性。)符合语境,故选D。
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2
3
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5
3.___
A
[解析] 根据上文“For these reasons, ivy can be widely grown to
beautify an ugly wall or a fence.”以及后文“It is a heaven for
bees and butterflies in summer and its berries are a valuable
food source for birds in winter.”可知,上文提到了常春藤本身的优
点,后文提到了它对其他动物的好处,由此可知,本句应说明常春藤还可
以带来额外的好处。故A选项(种植常青藤可以带来额外的好处。)符
合语境,故选A。
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2
3
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5
4.___
C
[解析] 根据上文“However, there are some concerns about
growing ivy. Ivy has a reputation for damaging buildings, but
according to the UK's Royal Horticultural Society, this doesn't
usually happen unless the walls already have cracks.”以及后文
“But Blanusa at the University of Reading, the UK, who has
examined the effects of plant climbers, finds that ivy raises
humidity next to the wall by only a small amount.”可知,本段主要
是关于种植常春藤可能会导致的问题,且后文提到了常春藤和墙壁湿
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2
3
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度的内容,由此可知,本句是在说明常春藤会使墙壁潮湿的问题,C选项
中的fear对应上文的concerns,damp对应后文的humidity。故C选项
(另一个担心是它会使墙壁潮湿。)符合语境,故选C。
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2
3
4
5
5.___
E
[解析] 根据后文“Once ivy has been in the ground for a few
years, it can grow out of control. Just don't let it get the better
of you.”可知,后文提到常春藤会不受控制地生长,由此可推知,本句是
在说明种植常春藤要慎重。故E选项(不管怎样,你在种常春藤时确实
需要小心。)符合语境,故选E。
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2
3
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5
Ⅵ 语法填空
With about half of the vast country covered in wilderness,
China is the world's third most species-rich country. Therefore,
China's 1._____________(achieve) in biodiversity conservation and
wilderness protection are important to the future of global
biodiversity conservation.
achievements
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
The vital biodiversity, 2.__________(combine) with a large
population, has led the government to reconsider its protected
area system and transform some wilderness areas such as the
rainforest in Hainan 3._____ formal national parks. The new
national park system will make it more practical
4.____________(preserve) habitats and species. The aim is to
preserve biodiversity and ensure a 5.____________(harmony)
relation between humans and nature.
combined
into
to preserve
harmonious
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2
3
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5
6
7
8
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10
The national parks cross China's vast ecosystems, from the
Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park in the south 6._______
the Hainan gibbons—a critically endangered species—live, the
Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast Tiger and Leopard
National Park, the Wuyi Mountain National Park to the
Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—7.____
source of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Lancang
River. The diversity of species and habitats under protection
8.___________(reflect) in these parks' names.
where
the
is reflected
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2
3
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6
7
8
9
10
The national parks are open to all. Visitors can make
reservations online in advance 9.____ book on the spot. They
should acquire a little local knowledge to get 10.___________
(they) ready for the amazing trip and maximize their enjoyment.
or
themselves
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国在生物多样
性保护和荒野保护方面取得的成就对全球生物多样性保护的未来具
有重要意义。政府将一些荒野地区转变为正式的国家公园，新的国
家公园系统将更实际地保护栖息地和物种。
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1._____________
achievements
[解析] 考查名词复数。设空处在句中作主语，根据谓语动词are可知，
句子的主语应为名词的复数形式。故填achievements。
2.__________
combined
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。设空处应用非谓语动词，combine和句子
的主语the vital biodiversity之间是逻辑上的被动关系，设空处应用
动词的过去分词形式。故填combined。
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7
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3._____
into
[解析] 考查介词。固定搭配transform…into…把……转变成……。故
填into。
4.____________
to preserve
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为“make it+adj. to do”结构。故填to
preserve。
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5.____________
harmonious
[解析] 考查形容词。设空处后为名词， 设空处应用形容词形式修饰
名词。故填harmonious。
6._______
where
[解析] 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the Hainan
Tropical Rainforest National Park，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关
系副词where。故填where。
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2
3
4
5
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7
8
9
10
7.____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。根据空后的of the Yellow River可知，此处表示
特指，应用定冠词。故填the。
8.___________
is reflected
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语，和
句子的主语之间是被动关系，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故
设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为the diversity of species
and habitats，动词应用三单形式。故填is reflected。
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2
3
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5
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7
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10
9.____
or
[解析] 考查连词。设空处表示选择，意为“或”。故填or。
10.___________
themselves
[解析] 考查反身代词。当主语they和宾语是同一群人时，应用反身
代词作get的宾语。故填themselves。
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