单元小测(Unit 2)
Ⅰ.1.cooperative 2.stroked 3.weaken 4.anticipation 5.is recognized 6.be crammed 7.qualified 8.luxurious 9.instinctively 10.purely
Ⅱ.1.beyond recognition 2.burst into 3.be reunited with
4.woke up 5.From a point of view 6.stick to
Ⅲ.1.On hearing that
2.Eager to impress
3.make your visit to England much more enjoyable/pleasant
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了效价权重偏差(valence weighting bias),即个人倾向于积极还是消极态度来适应新环境或者新的工作任务,为解释拖延任务行为提供了新角度。本文中提到的研究发现了消极态度和拖延之间的联系,以及改变权重偏差,逆转拖延任务的趋势是有可能的。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The psychological term, valence weighting bias, describes people’s tendency to adapt in new circumstances by drawing more strongly from either their positive or negative attitudes, or rather, whether negative or positive internal ‘signals’ carry the most weight in guiding people’s final behaviour.”可知,效价权重偏差指导人们做各种各样的事情。故选C。
2.B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Those who thought it was an awful thing to do procrastinated.”可知,认为这是一件糟糕的事情的人是消极的,这些人开始得就晚,因此可推理,认为这是一件好的事情的人就会早参与。因此,在第一项研究中,如果学生们更加积极乐观,他们会更早开始参与。故选B。
3.B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This shift caused the students to accumulate credit hours more quickly than the group whose negative weighting bias and low self-control reliably predicted their delay.”可知,第四段中的实验说明负权重偏差可以逆转。故选B。
4.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Negative weighting bias can have a positive effect on behaviour, though.”可知,最后一段传达的信息是负权重偏差可能是有益的。故选A。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些培养成长型心态的方法。
1.D 根据上文“There are two types of mindset: fixed mindset and growth mindset. A fixed mindset keeps you in a box of your own making. However, a growth mindset is that you believe in the possibility of change and you can learn, develop, and grow.”可知,后文主要列举了培养成长型心态的方法,故D选项(这里有一些培养成长型心态的方法)符合语境,起到引领下文的作用。故选D。
2.F 根据上文“Challenges are opportunities for growth. Welcome the challenges you face in life.”可知,挑战是成长的机遇,应该要欢迎生活中面临的挑战;F选项(它们让你走出自己的舒适区,提高你的技能)承接上文,说明欢迎挑战的原因,选项中they指代上文中challenges。故选F。
3.C 根据本段内容“It is natural to enjoy praise and be hurt by critical opinions. But you need to live your own life and do what is right for you rather than being pushed about by other people’s views on what you should be doing. Always chasing other people’s approval limits your choices of following what is best for you.”可知,本段的主旨是不要被他人的观点左右,即对他人的意见不太敏感。故C选项(对别人的意见不那么敏感)符合语境,故选C。
4.G 根据上文“Not all criticism is helpful—you are clumsy, for example, labels the person without offering any hint for improvement. Constructive criticism contains suggestions for improved performance and is vital to your learning.”可知,本句应举例说明建设性批评。故G选项(我不喜欢你的演讲,因为我在房间后面听不见)符合语境,故选G。
5.E 根据上文“Becoming an industry expert or a recognized specialist takes time. You invest the time in learning and growing as an ongoing process. You need time to seek out and try new approaches, work with your habits, take classes, and read.”可知,上文提到成为专家是一个持续的过程,说明需要耐心,故E选项(要想一夜成名,你需要努力和有耐心)符合语境,故选E。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们发现了在日常生活中如何保持清醒以及身体活动和饮食对清晨灵敏度的影响。
1.have discovered 考查动词时态和主谓一致。设空处为谓语动词,根据时间状语recently可知,应用现在完成时,主语为they,谓语用复数形式,故填have discovered。
2.refreshed 考查形容词。设空处和clear-headed并列表示醒来时的状态,应用形容词作状语,故填refreshed。
3.published 考查非谓语动词。设空处是非谓语动词,修饰a new study,且二者之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作定语,故填published。
4.predicting 考查非谓语动词。设空处为非谓语动词,修饰the second main feature,且二者之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作定语,故填predicting。
5.what 考查主语从句。本句为强调句,去掉强调句部分可知,设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语,故填what。
6.individuals 考查名词复数。设空处为主语,和后面的谓语consume保持一致,应用复数形式,故填individuals。
7.strongest 考查形容词最高级。此处为“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,故填strongest。
8.a 考查冠词。设空处修饰名词decline,应用冠词表泛指,decline的读音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
9.enhancement 考查名词。设空处前有an,所以应用名词单数形式作宾语,故填enhancement。
10.despite 考查介词。设空处接名词,应用介词,表示让步,故填despite。单元小测(Unit 2)
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The (cooperate) nature of the community allowed residents to work together to improve local facilities and services.
2.The Madame sighed, (stroke) her daughter’s messy hair and planted a soft kiss on her forehead.
3.The constant rain could (weak) the foundation of the old building, causing a mixture of water and dirt to seep through the cracks.
4.Brandon knocked on the door, and we waited in (anticipate) for someone to answer.
5.It (recognize) that misunderstandings can easily arise when people from different cultures meet.
6.During festivals, stores and supermarkets must (cram)with happy shoppers.
7.The majority of applicants were highly (qualify), making it a difficult decision for the hiring committee to choose just one candidate.
8.The (luxury) resort offered a wide range of facilities, but the high fees for accommodation and services made it less accessible to budget travellers.
9.In the dilemma of whether to prioritize her career or her family, she (instinctive) chose to spend more time with her loved ones, knowing that those moments were irreplaceable.
10.The decision to relocate was (pure) a personal choice, based on her desire for a quieter lifestyle.
●Ⅱ 短语填空
1.After years of neglect and decay, the once grand palace was (面目全非), leaving few clues to its historical significance.
2.The audience (突然开始) thunderous applause as soon as the curtains opened and the lead actor appeared on stage.
3.Taylor has spent the last two years doing everything in her power to (与……团聚) her now six-year-old daughter.
4.When I (醒来) to the sound of fallen leaves, I realized I was surrounded by thick undergrowth in the heart of the forest.
5. (从一个角度来看) of sustainability, it is essential for companies to adopt eco-friendly practices to reduce their carbon footprint.
6.Even when times were tough, he chose to (坚持) his promise, driven by the deep affection he had for his friends.
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1. the new detective novel was published, he rushed at once to the bookshop for a copy. (on)
一听说那本新侦探小说出版了,他就立马跑到书店去买了一本。
2. the interviewer, the candidate arrived early, dressed in a neatly pressed suit and carrying a well-prepared portfolio.(形容词短语作状语)
渴望给面试官留下深刻的印象,这位应聘者很早就到了,他穿着熨得整整齐齐的西装,拿着一份精心准备的文件夹。
3.Studying the history of the country can .(make+宾语+宾补)
学习这个国家的历史会使你的英国之旅更为愉快。
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
The psychological term, valence weighting bias, describes people’s tendency to adapt in new circumstances by drawing more strongly from either their positive or negative attitudes, or rather, whether negative or positive internal “signals” carry the most weight in guiding people’s final behaviour.
Studies led by Russell Fazio and Javier Granados from Ohio State University found links between a negative-leaning attitude and procrastination (拖延) and that it’s possible to shift the weighting bias and reverse the tendency to delay a task.
In the study, 147 college students participated in a programme allowing them to accumulate course credits for engaging in research. Those who thought it was an awful thing to do procrastinated. The study also explored whether students’ measures of self-control influenced task-related behaviours: how students characterized their level of motivation about the research programme, and if that affected whether students got an early start. Results showed the combination of negative weighting bias and self-reported low motivation for self-control was linked to students’ putting off research programme participation by getting started later in the semester.
Then the students in the programme who were self-reported procrastinators and who scored high for negative weighting bias were asked to join in another study. Researchers then inspired one group in a way that led participants to weigh positive and negative signals in a more balanced way. This shift caused the students to accumulate credit hours more quickly than the group whose negative weighting bias and low self-control reliably predicted their delay. “If somebody is more motivated and able to think more about it, that might bring other considerations that weaken the influence of the valence weighting bias,” researchers said.
Negative weighting bias can have a positive effect on behaviour, though. These researchers have also found evidence that a negative weighting bias may help people be more realistic when they’re asking themselves, “Have I studied enough for this test ” “It’s better to be more objectively balanced than to be at either extreme,” Fazio said. “But the situation where a particular valence weighting bias is likely to be problematic is going to vary.”
( )1.What can we know about valence weighting bias
A.It is used in modern technology.
B.It influences people’s mental health.
C.It directs what people do variously.
D.It leads to delays in carrying out tasks.
( )2.Students in the first study would start participating earlier if they .
A.suffered from valence weighting bias
B.drew more strongly from positivity
C.thought poorly of their self-discipline
D.considered themselves lack of motivation
( )3.What does the experiment in Paragraph 4 indicate
A.High scores lead to more considerations.
B.Negative weighting bias can be reversed.
C.Participants need professional knowledge.
D.Measuring properly is of vital importance.
( )4.What message is conveyed in the last paragraph
A.Negative weighting bias can be beneficial.
B.People need to strive to be positive at any time.
C.Positive people tend to make random decisions.
D.Valence weighting bias applies to different situations.
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·江西上饶高二期末]
How to develop a growth mindset
There are two types of mindset: fixed mindset and growth mindset. A fixed mindset keeps you in a box of your own making. However, a growth mindset is that you believe in the possibility of change and you can learn, develop, and grow. 1. .
Welcome challenges
Challenges are opportunities for growth. Welcome the challenges you face in life. 2. . If you want to be a better badminton player, you need to play with players who are better than you. There is no challenge in playing with a player whose skill level is lower than yours.
3.
It is natural to enjoy praise and be hurt by critical opinions. But you need to live your own life and do what is right for you rather than being pushed about by other people’s views on what you should be doing. Always chasing other people’s approval limits your choices of following what is best for you.
Love your critics
Not all criticism is helpful—you are clumsy, for example, labels the person without offering any hint for improvement. Constructive criticism contains suggestions for improved performance and is vital to your learning. For example—4. . It is critical, but it contains a message for self-improvement. You can change what you do and get better results.
It’s a marathon, not a sprint
Becoming an industry expert or a recognized specialist takes time. You invest the time in learning and growing as an ongoing process. You need time to seek out and try new approaches, work with your habits, take classes, and read. 5. .
A.I didn’t like your writing
B.Be mindful about other people’s approval
C.Be less sensitive to other people’s opinions
D.Here are some ways to develop a growth mindset
E.You need to work hard and patiently to be an overnight success
F.They move you out of your comfort zone and improve your skills
G.I didn’t enjoy your presentation because I couldn’t hear you at the back of the room
●Ⅵ 语法填空
Ever think you’re getting enough sleep only to wake up tired I’m not you—it happens to the best of us. Recently, scientists say they 1. (discover) the secret to waking up clear-headed and 2. (refresh) each and every morning.
According to a new study from the University of California, Berkeley, 3. (publish) in Nature Communications, beyond sleep quality, the second main feature 4. (predict) day-to-day changes in morning alertness is the intensity of physical activity the day before. In particular, researchers have found that when the extent of an individual’s physical activity is comparatively greater the day before, people feel more alert the next morning.
Another factor happens not on the day before or even the night before. It is 5. participants consume for breakfast that explains their alertness levels. When 6. (individual) consume the “high carbs” breakfast, they experience higher levels of alertness.
Beyond the effects of the high carbohydrate meal itself, one of the 7. (strong) outcomes shown in the study is the marked reduction in alertness on days when participants consume a lot of sugar. It may sound paradoxical (自相矛盾的) that a lot of sugar predicts 8. decline in alertness and the high-carb breakfast is linked to an 9. (enhance) in alertness. However, 10. their similar high carbohydrate content, there are key nutritional differences between the high-carb and sugar meals. (共38张PPT)
单元小测 Unit 2
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The ____________ (cooperate) nature of the community
allowed residents to work together to improve local facilities and
services.
cooperative
2.The Madame sighed, ________ (stroke) her daughter's messy
hair and planted a soft kiss on her forehead.
stroked
3.The constant rain could ________ (weak) the foundation of the
old building, causing a mixture of water and dirt to seep
through the cracks.
weaken
4.Brandon knocked on the door, and we waited in ___________
(anticipate) for someone to answer.
anticipation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.It ______________ (recognize) that misunderstandings can easily
arise when people from different cultures meet.
is recognized
6.During festivals, stores and supermarkets must _____________
(cram)with happy shoppers.
be crammed
7.The majority of applicants were highly _________ (qualify),
making it a difficult decision for the hiring committee to choose
just one candidate.
qualified
8.The _________ (luxury) resort offered a wide range of facilities,
but the high fees for accommodation and services made it less
accessible to budget travellers.
luxurious
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.In the dilemma of whether to prioritize her career or her
family, she ____________ (instinctive) chose to spend more time
with her loved ones, knowing that those moments were
irreplaceable.
instinctively
10.The decision to relocate was _______ (pure) a personal
choice, based on her desire for a quieter lifestyle.
purely
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.After years of neglect and decay, the once grand palace was
___________________ (面目全非), leaving few clues to its
historical significance.
beyond recognition
2.The audience __________ (突然开始) thunderous applause as
soon as the curtains opened and the lead actor appeared on
stage.
burst into
3.Taylor has spent the last two years doing everything in her
power to _________________ (与……团聚) her now six-year-old
daughter.
be reunited with
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.When I _________ (醒来) to the sound of fallen leaves, I
realized I was surrounded by thick undergrowth in the heart of
the forest.
woke up
5._____________________ (从一个角度来看) of sustainability, it is
essential for companies to adopt eco-friendly practices to reduce
their carbon footprint.
From a point of view
6.Even when times were tough, he chose to ________ (坚持) his
promise, driven by the deep affection he had for his friends.
stick to
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.________________ the new detective novel was published, he
rushed at once to the bookshop for a copy. (on)
一听说那本新侦探小说出版了,他就立马跑到书店去买了一本。
On hearing that
2._________________ the interviewer, the candidate arrived early,
dressed in a neatly pressed suit and carrying a well-prepared
portfolio.(形容词短语作状语)
渴望给面试官留下深刻的印象，这位应聘者很早就到了，他穿着熨
得整整齐齐的西装，拿着一份精心准备的文件夹。
Eager to impress
1
2
3
3.Studying the history of the country can ____________________
____________________________________.(make+宾语+宾补)
学习这个国家的历史会使你的英国之旅更为愉快。
make your visit to England much more enjoyable/pleasant
1
2
3
Ⅳ 阅读理解
The psychological term, valence weighting bias, describes
people's tendency to adapt in new circumstances by drawing
more strongly from either their positive or negative attitudes, or
rather, whether negative or positive internal “signals” carry the
most weight in guiding people's final behaviour.
Studies led by Russell Fazio and Javier Granados from Ohio
State University found links between a negative-leaning attitude
and procrastination (拖延) and that it's possible to shift the
weighting bias and reverse the tendency to delay a task.
1
2
3
4
In the study, 147 college students participated in a
programme allowing them to accumulate course credits for
engaging in research. Those who thought it was an awful thing
to do procrastinated. The study also explored whether students'
measures of self-control influenced task-related behaviours: how
students characterized their level of motivation about the
research programme, and if that affected whether students got
an early start. Results showed the combination of negative
weighting bias and self-reported low motivation for self-control
1
2
3
4
was linked to students' putting off research programme
participation by getting started later in the semester.
Then the students in the programme who were self-
reported procrastinators and who scored high for negative
weighting bias were asked to join in another study. Researchers
then inspired one group in a way that led participants to weigh
positive and negative signals in a more balanced way. This shift
caused the students to accumulate credit hours more quickly
than the group whose negative weighting bias and low
1
2
3
4
self-control reliably predicted their delay. “If somebody is more
motivated and able to think more about it, that might bring
other considerations that weaken the influence of the valence
weighting bias,” researchers said.
Negative weighting bias can have a positive effect on
behaviour, though. These researchers have also found evidence
that a negative weighting bias may help people be more
realistic when they're asking themselves, “Have I studied enough
for this test ” “It's better to be more objectively balanced than
1
2
3
4
to be at either extreme,” Fazio said. “But the situation where a
particular valence weighting bias is likely to be problematic is
going to vary.”
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了效价权重偏差
(valence weighting bias)，即个人倾向于积极还是消极态度来适应新
环境或者新的工作任务，为解释拖延任务行为提供了新角度。本文
中提到的研究发现了消极态度和拖延之间的联系，以及改变权重偏
差，逆转拖延任务的趋势是有可能的。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.What can we know about valence weighting bias
A.It is used in modern technology.
B.It influences people's mental health.
C.It directs what people do variously.
D.It leads to delays in carrying out tasks.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The psychological term,
valence weighting bias, describes people's tendency to adapt in
new circumstances by drawing more strongly from either their
positive or negative attitudes, or rather, whether negative or
positive internal ‘signals’ carry the most weight in guiding
people's final behaviour.”可知，效价权重偏差指导人们做各种各样
的事情。故选C。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.Students in the first study would start participating
earlier if they ________.
A.suffered from valence weighting bias
B.drew more strongly from positivity
C.thought poorly of their self-discipline
D.considered themselves lack of motivation
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Those who thought it was
an awful thing to do procrastinated.”可知，认为这是一件糟糕的
事情的人是消极的，这些人开始得就晚，因此可推理，认为这是一
件好的事情的人就会早参与。因此，在第一项研究中，如果学生们
更加积极乐观，他们会更早开始参与。故选B。
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What does the experiment in Paragraph 4 indicate
A.High scores lead to more considerations.
B.Negative weighting bias can be reversed.
C.Participants need professional knowledge.
D.Measuring properly is of vital importance.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This shift caused the
students to accumulate credit hours more quickly than the
group whose negative weighting bias and low self-control
reliably predicted their delay.”可知，第四段中的实验说明负权重偏
差可以逆转。故选B。
√
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.What message is conveyed in the last paragraph
A.Negative weighting bias can be beneficial.
B.People need to strive to be positive at any time.
C.Positive people tend to make random decisions.
D.Valence weighting bias applies to different situations.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Negative weighting bias
can have a positive effect on behaviour, though.”可知，最后一段
传达的信息是负权重偏差可能是有益的。故选A。
√
1
2
3
4
Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·江西上饶高二期末]
How to develop a growth mindset
There are two types of mindset: fixed mindset and growth
mindset. A fixed mindset keeps you in a box of your own
making. However, a growth mindset is that you believe in the
possibility of change and you can learn, develop, and grow.
1.___.
D
1
2
3
4
5
Welcome challenges
Challenges are opportunities for growth. Welcome the
challenges you face in life. 2.___. If you want to be a better
badminton player, you need to play with players who are better
than you. There is no challenge in playing with a player whose
skill level is lower than yours.
F
1
2
3
4
5
3.___
It is natural to enjoy praise and be hurt by critical opinions.
But you need to live your own life and do what is right for you
rather than being pushed about by other people's views on
what you should be doing. Always chasing other people's
approval limits your choices of following what is best for you.
C
1
2
3
4
5
Love your critics
Not all criticism is helpful—you are clumsy, for example,
labels the person without offering any hint for improvement.
Constructive criticism contains suggestions for improved
performance and is vital to your learning. For example—4.___. It
is critical, but it contains a message for self-improvement. You
can change what you do and get better results.
G
1
2
3
4
5
It's a marathon， not a sprint
Becoming an industry expert or a recognized specialist takes
time. You invest the time in learning and growing as an
ongoing process. You need time to seek out and try new
approaches, work with your habits, take classes, and read. 5.___.
A.I didn't like your writing
B.Be mindful about other people's approval
C.Be less sensitive to other people's opinions
D.Here are some ways to develop a growth mindset
E
1
2
3
4
5
E.You need to work hard and patiently to be an overnight
success
F.They move you out of your comfort zone and improve your
skills
G.I didn't enjoy your presentation because I couldn't hear you
at the back of the room
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些培养成长型心态的
方法。
1
2
3
4
5
1.___
D
[解析] 根据上文“There are two types of mindset: fixed mindset
and growth mindset. A fixed mindset keeps you in a box of
your own making. However, a growth mindset is that you
believe in the possibility of change and you can learn, develop,
and grow.”可知，后文主要列举了培养成长型心态的方法，故D选项
(这里有一些培养成长型心态的方法)符合语境，起到引领下文的作用。
故选D。
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
F
[解析] 根据上文“Challenges are opportunities for growth.
Welcome the challenges you face in life.”可知，挑战是成长的机
遇，应该要欢迎生活中面临的挑战；F选项(它们让你走出自己的舒
适区，提高你的技能)承接上文，说明欢迎挑战的原因，选项中they
指代上文中challenges。故选F。
1
2
3
4
5
3.___
C
[解析] 根据本段内容“It is natural to enjoy praise and be hurt by
critical opinions. But you need to live your own life and do
what is right for you rather than being pushed about by other
people's views on what you should be doing. Always chasing
other people's approval limits your choices of following what is
best for you.”可知，本段的主旨是不要被他人的观点左右，即对他
人的意见不太敏感。故C选项(对别人的意见不那么敏感)符合语境，
故选C。
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4.___
G
[解析] 根据上文“Not all criticism is helpful—you are clumsy, for
example, labels the person without offering any hint for
improvement. Constructive criticism contains suggestions for
improved performance and is vital to your learning.”可知，本句
应举例说明建设性批评。故G选项(我不喜欢你的演讲，因为我在房
间后面听不见)符合语境，故选G。
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5.___
E
[解析] 根据上文“Becoming an industry expert or a recognized
specialist takes time. You invest the time in learning and
growing as an ongoing process. You need time to seek out and
try new approaches, work with your habits, take classes, and
read.”可知，上文提到成为专家是一个持续的过程，说明需要耐心，
故E选项(要想一夜成名，你需要努力和有耐心)符合语境，故选E。
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Ⅵ 语法填空
Ever think you're getting enough sleep only to wake up
tired I'm not you—it happens to the best of us. Recently,
scientists say they 1.________________ (discover) the secret to
waking up clear-headed and 2.__________ (refresh) each and
every morning.
have discovered
refreshed
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According to a new study from the University of California,
Berkeley, 3.__________ (publish) in Nature Communications,
beyond sleep quality, the second main feature 4.__________
(predict) day-to-day changes in morning alertness is the
intensity of physical activity the day before. In particular,
researchers have found that when the extent of an individual's
physical activity is comparatively greater the day before, people
feel more alert the next morning.
published
predicting
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Another factor happens not on the day before or even the
night before. It is 5.______ participants consume for breakfast
that explains their alertness levels. When 6.___________
(individual) consume the “high carbs” breakfast, they experience
higher levels of alertness.
Beyond the effects of the high carbohydrate meal itself, one
of the 7.__________ (strong) outcomes shown in the study is
the marked reduction in alertness on days when participants
consume a lot of sugar. It may sound paradoxical (自相矛盾的)
what
individuals
strongest
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that a lot of sugar predicts 8.___ decline in alertness and the
high-carb breakfast is linked to an 9._____________ (enhance) in
alertness. However, 10.________ their similar high carbohydrate
content, there are key nutritional differences between the high-
carb and sugar meals.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们发现了
在日常生活中如何保持清醒以及身体活动和饮食对清晨灵敏度的影响。
a
enhancement
despite
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1.________________
have discovered
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。设空处为谓语动词,根据时间状语
recently可知，应用现在完成时,主语为they,谓语用复数形式,故填
have discovered。
2.__________
refreshed
[解析] 考查形容词。设空处和clear-headed并列表示醒来时的状态,
应用形容词作状语,故填refreshed。
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3.__________
published
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。设空处是非谓语动词,修饰a new study,且
二者之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作定语,故填published。
4.__________
predicting
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。设空处为非谓语动词,修饰the second
main feature,且二者之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作定语,故填
predicting。
5.______
what
[解析] 考查主语从句。本句为强调句,去掉强调句部分可知，设空处
引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语,故填what。
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6.___________
individuals
[解析] 考查名词复数。设空处为主语,和后面的谓语consume保持一
致,应用复数形式,故填individuals。
7.__________
strongest
[解析] 考查形容词最高级。此处为“one of+the+形容词最高级+名
词复数”结构,故填strongest。
8.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。设空处修饰名词decline,应用冠词表泛指,decline的
读音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
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9._____________
enhancement
[解析] 考查名词。设空处前有an,所以应用名词单数形式作宾语,故填
enhancement。
10.________
despite
[解析] 考查介词。设空处接名词,应用介词,表示让步,故填despite。
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