Period Two Using language
语言精讲
(1)①cooperation ②cooperative (2)cooperate with your teammates
语法归纳
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1. is being graded 2.to be harmed 3.was cherished
4.are regarded 5.visiting 6.made; feels; washes
7.were being questioned 8.has been reached 9.Being exposed 10.had been broken; had been stolen
●Ⅱ 1.A debate competition will be held 2.to be greeted with
3.being laughed at in public 4.is highly recommended
5.had been translated into various languagesPeriod Two Using language
Ⅰ.1.to be taken 2.have been cared 3.operates 4.was created 5.is stated 6.is being released 7.had been published 8.being shown
Ⅱ.1.was being repaired 2.was easy to find online
3.having been given/being given 4.to be mistaken for
5.is well worth reading
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代的成人礼——“冠礼”或“笄礼”。
1.China’s 考查名词所有格。此处China与population为所属关系,应用名词所有格形式。故填China’s。
2.was referred 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。be referred to as表示“被称为”,根据上文可知为一般过去时,主语为this ceremony,谓语用单数。故填was referred。
3.meaningless 考查形容词。空处作表语,表示“毫无意义”应用形容词meaningless。故填meaningless。
4.had lasted 考查动词时态。根据后文for thousands of years可知,表示过去的过去,用过去完成时。故填had lasted。
5.without 考查介词。后面接动词-ing形式,且根据语境可知,此处表示否定含义“没有”,故填without。
6.revival 考查名词。空处作动词的宾语,结合不定冠词可知,应用单数名词revival,故填revival。
7.consisting 考查非谓语动词。此处consist与逻辑主语ceremony构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填consisting。
8.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,which用于引导一个定语从句,解释在做完头发之后会发生什么。故填which。
9.The 考查冠词。根据空后的定语从句可知,此处用定冠词the来特指“笄礼”。位于句首,首字母大写。故填The。
10.to conduct 考查非谓语动词。短语make promises not to do sth表示“承诺不做某事”。故填to conduct。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了作者认为音乐能给人信心和勇气,并讲述了自己通过不懈努力获得了自信的故事。
1.B 结合my favourite song及语境可知,此处应是作者对歌词印象深刻。故选B。convinced确信的;impressed印象深刻的;disturbed烦恼的;discouraged沮丧的。
2.C 由下文“…she stood up again and…this encouraging song at the Atlanta Olympics.”可知,这首歌是鼓舞人心的。故选C。entertaining娱乐的;boring令人厌倦的;inspiring鼓舞人心的;puzzling令人困惑的。
3.D Gloria Estefan在事故中严重受伤,但却能重返舞台,所以作者几乎是不能想象她是怎么做到的。故选D。easily容易地;simply简单地;ultimately最后;scarcely几乎不。
4.D 由in a terrible traffic accident可知,Gloria Estefan发生了交通事故,故knock down“撞倒”符合语境。故选D。pull down拆毁;pass up 放弃;cut down减少;knock down撞倒。
5.C 由下文“…she stood up again…”可知,Gloria一直在为恢复努力,所以才最终又站了起来。故选C。journey旅程;goal目标;recovery恢复;achievement成就。
6.A 由the Atlanta Olympics可知,在亚特兰大奥运会上,她演唱了这首励志歌曲。故选A。present呈现,上演;cover覆盖;record记录;write写。
7.D 结合句意可知,此处指“无论什么时候”。故选D。
8.C 由naturally shy, ordinary looking可知,and连接的都为贬义词。故选C。excellent优秀的;standard标准的;poor可怜的,差的;high高的。
9.C 由上一句作者对自己的描述可知,作者认为自己似乎是班里最不突出的一个。故选C。most最;more更加;least最小,最少;very非常。
10.A 由continuous failures可知,不断的失败会对人产生消极的影响,hopelessness“绝望”符合语境。故选A。hopelessness绝望;weakness虚弱;dilemma 困境;anger生气。
11.B 由“…I spared no effort to work on my lessons and joined in many activities…”可知,作者不遗余力地学习,参加了许多活动,这些都是因为作者不愿意屈服于这样的命运。所以unwilling “不愿意的”符合语境。故选B。free自由的;unwilling不愿意的;eager急切的;disappointed失望的。
12.C 结合语境可知,作者努力学习是为了提高自己。故选C。satisfy满足;enjoy欣赏;improve提高;forgive原谅。
13.A 由“Luckily, all I had done finally paid off.”可知,作者的努力得到了回报,获得了一些奖项。故选A。award奖,奖金;thanks感谢;gift礼物;comment评论。
14.D 根据上文“More importantly, I gained courage and confidence to face any difficulty.”可知,此处是短文的升华部分,把生活比作耕种。故选D。belief信念;competition竞赛;luck运气;life生活。
15.A 由what you plant及语境可知,此处指播种什么就收获什么。故选A。harvest收割;reserve保留;expand扩大;discover发现。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是反向悲伤,以及如何摆脱它。
1.C 根据上一句“The days getting warmer and longer, and the fact that spring flowers and blossom represent new beginnings for some people, just make the spring blues worse for others.”可知,该句描述了一些人在春天忧郁的现象;结合下一句“What causes reverse SAD ”可知,空处应该引出一个新的概念“反向悲伤”,这个概念正是指“在春天忧郁”这一现象。选项C(这一现象有时被称为“反向悲伤”。)符合语意,承上启下。故选C。
2.F 根据上一句“With winter SAD, less sunlight is thought to disrupt the body’s internal clock and bring on depression.”可知,选项F(另一方面,反向悲伤可能是过多的阳光引起的。)中的too much sunlight和上句中的less sunlight形成对比,指出了反向悲伤的起因,符合本段主题句“What causes reverse SAD ”表达的含义;下一句“You might also be tempted to stay up late, throwing out your body clock.”在选项F的基础上,具体解释了过多阳光可能会引起晚睡,打乱生物钟,从而导致反向悲伤,符合语境。故选F。
3.G 选项G(就像传统悲伤一样,春季抑郁每年都会在同一时间复发。)中的at the same time every year与下句中的at that time of year相对应,下一句是对选项G的具体说明,同时选项G也对该段主题句“How do you recognize it ”做出了回答,符合语境。故选G。
4.A 空处为最后一段的段落主题句,参考二、三段,应用问句形式。根据该段“Exercise can work wonders. A study found that ten weeks of standard exercise was 20 percent more effective than medication. And get plenty of sleep. Try to get up at the same time every day, even if you haven’t slept well.”可知,该段主要说明了如何能够摆脱反向悲伤,锻炼、睡眠和规律的作息都是有效方法。选项A(你能摆脱反向悲伤吗 )符合段落主题。故选A。
5.E 根据前文“Exercise can work wonders.”和“And get plenty of sleep. Try to get up at the same time every day, even if you haven’t slept well.”和第4小题可知,最后一段主要提出了是否能摆脱反向悲伤的疑问,并指出了具体的方法;选项E(但如果你的抑郁没有好转的迹象,那就去看医生吧。)补充提出了如果这些方法不见效,就应该去找医生看病这一建议,符合段落主题。故选E。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了随着年龄的增长,人们对幸福的理解会有所不同,以及作者对幸福的定义。
1.asked 考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词和when一起构成时间状语,逻辑主语we和ask之间是被动关系,应用过去分词。故填asked。
2.older 考查形容词比较级。结合上文的less可知,此处应用old的比较级作从句的表语。故填older。
3.absolutely 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰形容词pleasant, 作状语。故填absolutely。
4.the 考查冠词。concept“观念,概念”为可数名词,此处指青少年时期的幸福观,是特指,应用定冠词。故填the。
5.lies 考查动词时态与主谓一致。设空处为句子的谓语动词,结合语境可知,此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语their happiness为不可数名词,故谓语动词用单数形式。故填lies。
6.which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词代替先行词things在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
7.was invited 考查动词时态和语态。设空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词,结合语境可知,此处描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,主语I和invite之间为被动关系,故应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was invited。
8.responsibility 考查名词。此处应用名词作bring的宾语,responsibility“责任”符合语境,此处为抽象概念,不可数。故填responsibility。
9.on 考查介词。此处为固定短语depend on“取决于”。故填on。
10.to gain 考查非谓语动词。此处为固定句型“It is+adj.+to do sth.”,表示“做某事是……的”, 其中it为形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。故填to gain。Period Two Using language
cooperate v. 合作,协作
(教材P24)…it is easier to achieve something if you cooperate with someone else
……如果你和别人合作,就更容易做成某件事
(1)cooperate with… 与……合作
(2)cooperation n. 合作,协作
(3)cooperative adj. 合作的,协作的;同心协力的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2024·北京卷] Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while (cooperate), humbleness and courage are praised.
②The team showed a (cooperate) spirit throughout the project, working well together and achieving great results.
(2)完成句子
You must learn to if you want to succeed in this project.
如果你想在该项目上取得成功,就必须学会和你的队友合作。(应用文写作之建议信)
Review: passive voice
复习:被动语态
语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。
被动语态的构成是:助动词be+动词的过去分词。
一、不同时态的被动语态
1.不同时态的主、被动语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般过去时 did was/were+done
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done
一般将来时 will/shall+do will/shall be+done
过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were+being+done
现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being+done
过去完成时 had+done had+been+done
现在完成时 have/has+done have/has+been+done
2.特殊用法
(1)“be+done”并非都是表示被动语态,也可以表示某种状态。在表示状态时,常在系动词 be,feel,seem,look等词后面使用已转化为形容词的过去分词,用作表语,构成系表结构。如:
He seems unsatisfied with his recent performance, so he will definitely continue to work hard.
他似乎对自己最近的表现不满意,所以他肯定会继续努力。(此句中只表示他不满意的状态)
(2)“get+done”表示的被动往往强调动作。如:
All of us got excited when we heard of the news.
当听到这个消息时,我们所有人都变得激动。
(3)需要使用主动形式表示被动意义的情况:read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,open等动词,用来说明主语的性质、特征,此时常与not,hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副词连用。如:
The door doesn’t open no matter how hard I try.
不管我怎么努力,门都打不开。
The new product sells well in the market due to its innovative features and competitive pricing.
这种新产品由于其创新的特点和有竞争力的价格而在市场上卖得很好。(表示主语特征,此时往往与副词连用)
(4)动词need,require,want,deserve后可加v.-ing形式表示被动意义,相当于接to be done。如:
My watch doesn’t work; it needs repairing.
=My watch doesn’t work; it needs to be repaired.
我的手表坏了,需要修理。
(5)“be worth”结构后接doing时,表示被动意义。如:
This instructive and meaningful film is really worth seeing.
这部有启发性且有意义的电影的确值得一看。
二、不定式的被动语态
不定式具有动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,还有时态和语态的变化。
1.不定式的被动语态的形式、用法
形式 用法
一般式 to be done 在谓语动词之后或同时发生
完成式 to have been done 在谓语动词之前发生
如:The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth.
下一步要做的事是把土运走。
2.不定式的被动语态的使用原则
当不定式与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时,即当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式。如:
He seemed to be misunderstood, leaving him deeply upset.
他似乎是被误解了,这使他非常难过。
3.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的几种常见结构:
(1)不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系,且又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。如:
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon, including chores and work tasks.
今天下午我有许多事要做,包括家务和工作任务。(to do 与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)
(2)在某些“形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语与不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系时,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。如:
This problem is difficult to work out without additional guidance or assistance.
没有额外的指导或帮助,这个问题很难解决。
(3)在“too…to…”结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,故应用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The living expenses are too high for them to afford.
这些生活开销太高,他们承受不起。
三、动词-ing的被动语态
动词-ing形式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两种。动名词的被动形式在句中可作主语、宾语和定语;现在分词的被动形式在句中主要作定语,表示正在进行的被动动作。当需要用非谓语作补语和状语表示被动意义时,一般用过去分词。
1.结构
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
2.意义
(1)一般式表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如:
The express way being constructed will help improve our jammed traffic.
正在建的高速公路会有助于改善我们拥堵的交通。
(2)完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如:
Having been invited, Mr Li went there to make a speech.
被邀请后,李先生去那儿做了演讲。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.I guess your schoolwork (grade) now.
2.Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her (harm).
3.Countless were my failures to make tasty bread; every single moment of it (cherish).
4.As we all know, gifts (regard) as a symbol of friendship.
5.West Lake is a famous place, and it’s worth (visit).
6.I think the cloth (make) of silk (feel) soft and (wash) easily.
7.The boys (question) by the police this time last Friday.
8.So far, no agreement (reach) on which type of exercise is best suitable for keeping fit.
9. (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
10.When they got home they found that their house (break) into and that a lot of valuable things (steal).
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1. by the Students’ Union on the playground at 3:30 pm tomorrow.
明天下午3:30学生会将在操场上举行辩论赛。
2.He walked gracefully onto the stage only jeers and whistles. (greet)
他优雅地走上舞台,却迎来了嘲笑和口哨嘘声。
3.It is widely believed that anyone minds .
人们普遍认为,任何人都介意在公共场合被人嘲笑。
4.It that you refer to Xinhua Dictionary when you come across a challenging Chinese character.(recommend)
当你遇到有挑战性的汉字时,强烈建议你查阅《新华字典》。
5.His writing by the end of last century.
截止到上个世纪末,他的著作就已被译成各种语言了。Period Two Using language
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Mobile phones are not allowed (take) into the campus now according to the new regulations.
2.These elderly people (care) for very well since they moved to the nursing home.
3.Thanks to the latest technology, this new kind of washing machine (operate) easily now.
4.The commercial (create) by a talented team of advertisers and was broadcast on television last weekend.
5.The extreme climate changes have done great harm to the country, which (state) in the article.
6.More and more carbon dioxide (release) into the air at present, contributing to the more severe global warming effects.
7.Many of his science fiction works (publish) by the time he graduated from university.
8.After (show) the benefits of getting involved in the programme, she is determined that under no circumstances will she pass up this opportunity.
●Ⅱ 语法+写作
1.When we came into the factory, our water pump by an experienced worker and the problem was soon solved.
当我们进入工厂时,我们的水泵正在由一个有经验的工人修理,问题很快就被解决了。
2.The information I needed for my research , allowing me to complete my project ahead of schedule.
我的研究所需的信息很容易在网上找到,这使我能够提前完成我的项目。
3.I sincerely appreciated the chance to participate in the complex project.
我衷心感谢给我参与这个复杂项目的机会。
4.It was a bit embarrassing his twin brother in public.
在公开场合被误认为是他的双胞胎哥哥有一点儿尴尬。
5.This set of detective novels is very interesting and several times. (worth)
这套侦探小说很有趣,非常值得多读几遍。
●Ⅲ 语篇语法填空
Among the Han people, which make up a vast majority of 1. (China) total population, the passage into adulthood is no longer celebrated, except in those very traditional families. In ancient times, this ceremony marked a person’s transition to adulthood and 2. (refer) to as the capping or hair-pinning ceremony.
This ceremony started from the clan society and continued to be held until the Qing Dynasty. The Manchu rulers then felt that this ceremony was 3. (meaning) and thus abolished this ceremony which 4.
(last) for thousands of years. From then on the Han people have to enter the stage of adulthood 5. knowing it. Nowadays, it is mainly in those minor ethnic groups that this life passage is still celebrated. In some parts of China, this ceremony is experiencing a 6. (revive).
When a young man reached 18 or 20 years old, the capping ceremony 7. (consist) of several procedures, would be held. The hair of the young man should be done up and pinned, after 8. three caps of different materials should be placed on the youth’s head. 9. hair-pinning ceremony, where the mother or another senior pinned the girl’s hair, would be held when a girl was 15 years old.
There are other interesting customs concerned. For example, boys of the Yao nationality have to pass about ten dangerous tests and make promises not 10. (conduct) bad deeds.
●Ⅳ 完形填空
[2024·浙江温州新力量联盟高二期末]
Songs bring us through our life. Each time I listen to my favourite song Reach, I’m deeply 1 by its lyrics: “If I could reach higher, just one moment touch the sky…” When we hear this 2 song sung by Gloria Estefan, we can 3 imagine how she managed to return to the stage after her serious back injury. In 1990, this Cuban singer was 4 in a terrible traffic accident, and the doctor declared that she might never walk again. But Gloria didn’t give up and kept on working hard towards her 5 . Just one year after the disaster happened, she stood up again and 6 this encouraging song at the Atlanta Olympics.
7 I think of Gloria, a memory crowds into my mind. When I entered university, naturally shy, ordinary looking, and with 8 scores in my lesson, just like an ugly duckling, I seemed to be the 9 outstanding one in my class. Continuous failures drove me into 10 . “Am I to take a back seat to everyone else ” 11 to give in to such a fate, I spared no effort to work on my lessons and joined in many activities, such as English speech contests and dramas. I just wanted to catch every little chance to 12 myself. Luckily, all I had done finally paid off. I received some 13 . More importantly, I gained courage and confidence to face any difficulty.
14 is just like farming. You 15 what you plant. Once you have a dream, don’t hesitate. Keep moving.
( )1.A.convinced B.impressed
C.disturbed D.discouraged
( )2.A.entertaining B.boring
C.inspiring D.puzzling
( )3.A.easily B.simply
C.ultimately D.scarcely
( )4.A.pulled down B.passed up
C.cut down D.knocked down
( )5.A.journey B.goal
C.recovery D.achievement
( )6.A.presented B.covered
C.recorded D.wrote
( )7.A.Whatever B.Whichever
C.Wherever D.Whenever
( )8.A.excellent B.standard
C.poor D.high
( )9.A.most B.more
C.least D.very
( )10.A.hopelessness B.weakness
C.dilemma D.anger
( )11.A.Free B.Unwilling
C.Eager D.Disappointed
( )12.A. satisfy B. enjoy
C. improve D. forgive
( )13.A.awards B.thanks
C.gifts D.comments
( )14.A.Belief B.Competition
C.Luck D.Life
( )15.A.harvest B.reserve
C.expand D.discover
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·重庆部分地区高二期末]
April is the cruellest month…Or so said gloomy poet T. S. Eliot in his long poem, The Waste Land. It seems he wasn’t wrong. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)—otherwise known as the “winter blues”—is a well-known condition. But surprisingly, some people feel more depressed in spring and summer than at other times of the year. The days getting warmer and longer, and the fact that spring flowers and blossom represent new beginnings for some people, just make the spring blues worse for others. 1.
●What causes reverse SAD
Because it’s not well understood or often spotted, it’s hard to pin down the reasons for feeling down when everyone else seems to be full of the joys of springtime. With winter SAD, less sunlight is thought to disrupt the body’s internal clock and bring on depression. 2. You might also be tempted to stay up late, throwing out your body clock.
●How do you recognize it
3. Do you love the cold and feel much more energized at that time of year, while spring makes you feel much less positive Again, this could be reverse SAD. And it sometimes runs in families, so look around at your nearest and dearest and note how they feel about the arrival of warmer, brighter days.
●4.
Exercise can work wonders. A study found that ten weeks of standard exercise was 20 percent more effective than medication. And get plenty of sleep. Try to get up at the same time every day, even if you haven’t slept well. 5.
A.Can you shake off reverse SAD
B.Can exercise help overcome the spring blues
C.This phenomenon is sometimes called “reverse SAD”.
D.The spring blues may have a negative effect on people.
E.But if your depression shows no sign of lifting, see your doctor.
F.Reverse SAD, on the other hand, might be caused by too much sunlight.
G.Like traditional SAD, spring depression comes back at the same time every year.
●Ⅵ 语法填空
Do you know what is happiness Different people may give different answers when it comes to the question. There is no doubt that when 1. (ask) about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get less as we get 2. (old).
For all the kids, happiness has a magical quality. Winning a race or getting a new bike is 3. (absolute) pleasant.
In the teenage years, 4. concept of happiness changes. Their happiness 5. (lie) in such things as excitement, love, and popularity, 6. leave a good impression on them during their youth. I can still recall the excitement when I 7. (invite) to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.
However, in adulthood, the things that bring deep joy—love, marriage, birth—also bring 8. (responsible) and the risk of loss. For adults, happiness is complex. It depends 9. many aspects.
My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It is easy 10. (gain) the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to travel to anywhere we like, and even good health. (共65张PPT)
Period Two
Using language
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
cooperate v. 合作，协作
(教材P24)…it is easier to achieve something if you cooperate
with someone else
……如果你和别人合作，就更容易做成某件事
(1)cooperate with… 与……合作
(2)cooperation n. 合作，协作
(3)cooperative adj. 合作的，协作的;同心协力的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2024·北京卷] Typically， cruelty and cheating are discouraged，
while ____________ (cooperate)， humbleness and courage are
praised.
cooperation
②The team showed a ____________ (cooperate) spirit
throughout the project， working well together and achieving
great results.
cooperative
(2)完成句子
You must learn to ______________________________ if you want
to succeed in this project.
如果你想在该项目上取得成功，就必须学会和你的队友合作。
(应用文写作之建议信)
cooperate with your teammates
Review:passive voice
复习：被动语态
语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，
或者动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者，
或者动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。
被动语态的构成是:助动词be+动词的过去分词。
一、不同时态的被动语态
1.不同时态的主、被动语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般过去时 did was/were+done
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done
一般将来时 will/shall+do will/shall be+done
过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were+being+done
现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being+done
过去完成时 had+done had+been+done
现在完成时 have/has+done have/has+been+done
2.特殊用法
(1)“be+done”并非都是表示被动语态，也可以表示某种状态。在表
示状态时，常在系动词 be，feel，seem，look等词后面使用已转化
为形容词的过去分词，用作表语，构成系表结构。如:
He seems unsatisfied with his recent performance， so he will
definitely continue to work hard.
他似乎对自己最近的表现不满意，所以他肯定会继续努力。
(此句中只表示他不满意的状态)
(2)“get+done”表示的被动往往强调动作。如:
All of us got excited when we heard of the news.
当听到这个消息时，我们所有人都变得激动。
(3)需要使用主动形式表示被动意义的情况:read，write，sell，wash，
clean，wear，open等动词，用来说明主语的性质、特征，此时常与
not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。如:
The door doesn't open no matter how hard I try.
不管我怎么努力，门都打不开。
The new product sells well in the market due to its innovative
features and competitive pricing.
这种新产品由于其创新的特点和有竞争力的价格而在市场上卖得很
好。(表示主语特征，此时往往与副词连用)
(4)动词need，require，want，deserve后可加v.-ing形式表示被动意
义，相当于接to be done。如:
My watch doesn't work; it needs repairing.
=My watch doesn't work; it needs to be repaired.
我的手表坏了，需要修理。
(5)“be worth”结构后接doing时，表示被动意义。如:
This instructive and meaningful film is really worth seeing.
这部有启发性且有意义的电影的确值得一看。
二、不定式的被动语态
不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态
和语态的变化。
1.不定式的被动语态的形式、用法
形式 用法
一般式 to be done 在谓语动词之后或同时发生
完成式 to have been done 在谓语动词之前发生
如:The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth.
下一步要做的事是把土运走。
2.不定式的被动语态的使用原则
当不定式与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时，即当不定式的逻辑主语
是不定式所表示动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。如:
He seemed to be misunderstood， leaving him deeply upset.
他似乎是被误解了，这使他非常难过。
3.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的几种常见结构:
(1)不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，且又
和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被
动意义。如:
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon， including chores
and work tasks.
今天下午我有许多事要做，包括家务和工作任务。(to do 与things
是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
(2)在某些“形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主
语或宾语与不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系时，常用不定式的主动形式
表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有nice， easy， fit， hard，
difficult， important， impossible， pleasant， interesting等。如:
This problem is difficult to work out without additional
guidance or assistance.
没有额外的指导或帮助，这个问题很难解决。
(3)在“too…to…”结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，故应用主动形式
表示被动意义。如:
The living expenses are too high for them to afford.
这些生活开销太高，他们承受不起。
三、动词-ing的被动语态
动词-ing形式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两种。动名词的被
动形式在句中可作主语、宾语和定语;现在分词的被动形式在句中主
要作定语，表示正在进行的被动动作。当需要用非谓语作补语和状
语表示被动意义时，一般用过去分词。
1.结构
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
2.意义
(1)一般式表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作
同时发生。如:
The express way being constructed will help improve our
jammed traffic.
正在建的高速公路会有助于改善我们拥堵的交通。
(2)完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如:
Having been invited， Mr Li went there to make a speech.
被邀请后，李先生去那儿做了演讲。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.I guess your schoolwork ________________ (grade) now.
2.Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or
allow her ______________ (harm).
3.Countless were my failures to make tasty bread； every single
moment of it ______________ (cherish).
is being graded
to be harmed
was cherished
4.As we all know， gifts _____________ (regard) as a symbol of
friendship.
5.West Lake is a famous place， and it's worth ________ (visit).
6.I think the cloth _______ (make) of silk ______ (feel) soft and
________ (wash) easily.
7.The boys ______________________ (question) by the police this
time last Friday.
8.So far， no agreement __________________ (reach) on which
type of exercise is best suitable for keeping fit.
are regarded
visiting
made
feels
washes
were being questioned
has been reached
9._______________ (expose) to sunlight for too much time will
do harm to one's skin.
Being exposed
10.When they got home they found that their house
_________________ (break) into and that a lot of valuable things
________________ (steal).
had been broken
had been stolen
Ⅱ 句型训练
1._________________________________ by the Students' Union
on the playground at 3:30 pm tomorrow.
明天下午3:30学生会将在操场上举行辩论赛。
A debate competition will be held
2.He walked gracefully onto the stage only ___________________
jeers and whistles. (greet)
他优雅地走上舞台，却迎来了嘲笑和口哨嘘声。
to be greeted with
3.It is widely believed that anyone minds _____________________
______.
人们普遍认为，任何人都介意在公共场合被人嘲笑。
being laughed at in public
4.It _______________________ that you refer to Xinhua
Dictionary when you come across a challenging Chinese
character.(recommend)
当你遇到有挑战性的汉字时，强烈建议你查阅《新华字典》。
is highly recommended
5.His writing _________________________________________ by
the end of last century.
截止到上个世纪末，他的著作就已被译成各种语言了。
had been translated into various languages
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Mobile phones are not allowed ____________ (take) into the
campus now according to the new regulations.
to be taken
2.These elderly people _________________ (care) for very well
since they moved to the nursing home.
have been cared
3.Thanks to the latest technology, this new kind of washing
machine _________ (operate) easily now.
operates
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4.The commercial ____________ (create) by a talented team of
advertisers and was broadcast on television last weekend.
was created
5.The extreme climate changes have done great harm to the
country, which _________ (state) in the article.
is stated
6.More and more carbon dioxide _________________ (release)
into the air at present, contributing to the more severe global
warming effects.
is being released
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
7.Many of his science fiction works ____________________
(publish) by the time he graduated from university.
had been published
8.After _____________ (show) the benefits of getting involved in
the programme, she is determined that under no circumstances
will she pass up this opportunity.
being shown
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅱ 语法+写作
1.When we came into the factory, our water pump
___________________ by an experienced worker and the
problem was soon solved.
当我们进入工厂时,我们的水泵正在由一个有经验的工人修理,问题很
快就被解决了。
was being repaired
2.The information I needed for my research __________________
______, allowing me to complete my project ahead of schedule.
我的研究所需的信息很容易在网上找到，这使我能够提前完成我的
项目。
was easy to find online
1
2
3
4
5
3.I sincerely appreciated ______________________________ the
chance to participate in the complex project.
我衷心感谢给我参与这个复杂项目的机会。
having been given/being given
4.It was a bit embarrassing ___________________ his twin
brother in public.
在公开场合被误认为是他的双胞胎哥哥有一点儿尴尬。
to be mistaken for
5.This set of detective novels is very interesting and
_____________________ several times. (worth)
这套侦探小说很有趣,非常值得多读几遍。
is well worth reading
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ 语篇语法填空
Among the Han people, which make up a vast majority of
1.________ (China) total population, the passage into adulthood
is no longer celebrated, except in those very traditional families.
In ancient times, this ceremony marked a person's transition to
adulthood and 2._____________ (refer) to as the capping or
hair-pinning ceremony.
China's
was referred
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
This ceremony started from the clan society and continued
to be held until the Qing Dynasty. The Manchu rulers then felt
that this ceremony was 3.____________ (meaning) and thus
abolished this ceremony which 4.___________ (last) for
thousands of years. From then on the Han people have to
enter the stage of adulthood 5.________ knowing it. Nowadays,
it is mainly in those minor ethnic groups that this life passage
is still celebrated. In some parts of China, this ceremony is
experiencing a 6._______ (revive).
meaningless
had lasted
without
revival
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
When a young man reached 18 or 20 years old, the
capping ceremony 7.__________ (consist) of several procedures,
would be held. The hair of the young man should be done up
and pinned, after 8._______ three caps of different materials
should be placed on the youth's head. 9._____ hair-pinning
ceremony, where the mother or another senior pinned the girl's
hair, would be held when a girl was 15 years old.
There are other interesting customs concerned. For example,
boys of the Yao nationality have to pass about ten dangerous
tests and make promises not 10.___________ (conduct) bad
deeds.
consisting
which
The
to conduct
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代的成人
礼——“冠礼”或“笄礼”。
1.________
China's
[解析] 考查名词所有格。此处China与population为所属关系，应用
名词所有格形式。故填China's。
2._____________
was referred
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。be referred to as表示“被
称为”，根据上文可知为一般过去时，主语为this ceremony，谓语用
单数。故填was referred。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.____________
meaningless
[解析] 考查形容词。空处作表语，表示“毫无意义”应用形容词
meaningless。故填meaningless。
4.___________
had lasted
[解析] 考查动词时态。根据后文for thousands of years可知，表示
过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had lasted。
5.________
without
[解析] 考查介词。后面接动词-ing形式，且根据语境可知，此处表
示否定含义“没有”，故填without。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6._______
revival
[解析] 考查名词。空处作动词的宾语，结合不定冠词可知，应用单
数名词revival，故填revival。
7.__________
consisting
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处consist与逻辑主语ceremony构成主动
关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填consisting。
8._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，which用于引导
一个定语从句，解释在做完头发之后会发生什么。故填which。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9._____
The
[解析] 考查冠词。根据空后的定语从句可知，此处用定冠词the来特
指“笄礼”。位于句首，首字母大写。故填The。
10.___________
to conduct
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。短语make promises not to do sth表示
“承诺不做某事”。故填to conduct。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅳ 完形填空
[2024·浙江温州新力量联盟高二期末]
Songs bring us through our life. Each time I listen to my
favourite song Reach, I'm deeply . .1. . by its lyrics: “If I could
reach higher, just one moment touch the sky…” When we hear
this . .2. . song sung by Gloria Estefan, we can . .3. . imagine how
she managed to return to the stage after her serious back
injury. In 1990, this Cuban singer was . .4. . in a terrible traffic
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
accident, and the doctor declared that she might never walk
again. But Gloria didn't give up and kept on working hard
towards her . .5. .. Just one year after the disaster happened, she
stood up again and . .6. . this encouraging song at the Atlanta
Olympics.
. .7. . I think of Gloria, a memory crowds into my mind.
When I entered university, naturally shy, ordinary looking, and
with . .8. . scores in my lesson, just like an ugly duckling， I
seemed to be the . .9. . outstanding one in my class. Continuous
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
failures drove me into . .10. .. “Am I to take a back seat to
everyone else ” . .11. . to give in to such a fate, I spared no
effort to work on my lessons and joined in many activities, such
as English speech contests and dramas. I just wanted to catch
every little chance to. .12. . myself. Luckily, all I had done finally
paid off. I received some . .13. .. More importantly, I gained
courage and confidence to face any difficulty.
. .14. . is just like farming. You . .15. . what you plant. Once
you have a dream, don't hesitate. Keep moving.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了作者认为音乐能给
人信心和勇气，并讲述了自己通过不懈努力获得了自信的故事。
( ) 1.A.convinced B.impressed C.disturbed D.discouraged
[解析] 结合my favourite song及语境可知，此处应是作者对歌词印
象深刻。故选B。convinced确信的；impressed印象深刻的；
disturbed烦恼的；discouraged沮丧的。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 2.A.entertaining B.boring C.inspiring D.puzzling
[解析] 由下文“…she stood up again and…this encouraging song
at the Atlanta Olympics.”可知，这首歌是鼓舞人心的。故选C。
entertaining娱乐的；boring令人厌倦的；inspiring鼓舞人心的；
puzzling令人困惑的。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 3.A.easily B.simply C.ultimately D.scarcely
[解析] Gloria Estefan在事故中严重受伤，但却能重返舞台，所以作
者几乎是不能想象她是怎么做到的。故选D。easily容易地；simply
简单地；ultimately最后；scarcely几乎不。
( ) 4.A.pulled down B.passed up
C.cut down D.knocked down
[解析] 由in a terrible traffic accident可知，Gloria Estefan发生了交
通事故，故knock down“撞倒”符合语境。故选D。pull down拆毁；
pass up 放弃；cut down减少；knock down撞倒。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 5.A.journey B.goal
C.recovery D.achievement
[解析] 由下文“…she stood up again…”可知，Gloria一直在为恢复
努力，所以才最终又站了起来。故选C。journey旅程；goal目标；
recovery恢复；achievement成就。
( ) 6.A.presented B.covered C.recorded D.wrote
[解析] 由the Atlanta Olympics可知，在亚特兰大奥运会上，她演唱
了这首励志歌曲。故选A。present呈现，上演；cover覆盖；record
记录；write写。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 7.A.Whatever B.Whichever C.Wherever D.Whenever
[解析] 结合句意可知，此处指“无论什么时候”。故选D。
( ) 8.A.excellent B.standard C.poor D.high
[解析] 由naturally shy, ordinary looking可知，and连接的都为贬义
词。故选C。excellent优秀的；standard标准的；poor可怜的，差的；
high高的。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 9.A.most B.more C.least D.very
[解析] 由上一句作者对自己的描述可知，作者认为自己似乎是班里
最不突出的一个。故选C。most最；more更加；least最小，最少；
very非常。
( ) 10.A.hopelessness B.weakness C.dilemma D.anger
[解析] 由continuous failures可知，不断的失败会对人产生消极的影
响，hopelessness“绝望”符合语境。故选A。hopelessness绝望；
weakness虚弱；dilemma 困境；anger生气。
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( ) 11.A.Free B.Unwilling
C.Eager D.Disappointed
[解析] 由“…I spared no effort to work on my lessons and
joined in many activities…”可知，作者不遗余力地学习，参加了许
多活动，这些都是因为作者不愿意屈服于这样的命运。所以
unwilling “不愿意的”符合语境。故选B。free自由的；unwilling不愿
意的；eager急切的；disappointed失望的。
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( ) 12.A.satisfy B.enjoy C.improve D.forgive
[解析] 结合语境可知，作者努力学习是为了提高自己。故选C。
satisfy满足；enjoy欣赏；improve提高；forgive原谅。
( ) 13.A.awards B.thanks C.gifts D.comments
[解析] 由“Luckily, all I had done finally paid off.”可知，作者的努
力得到了回报，获得了一些奖项。故选A。award奖，奖金；thanks
感谢；gift礼物；comment评论。
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( ) 14.A.Belief B.Competition
C.Luck D.Life
[解析] 根据上文“More importantly, I gained courage and
confidence to face any difficulty.”可知，此处是短文的升华部分，
把生活比作耕种。故选D。belief信念；competition竞赛；luck运气；
life生活。
( ) 15.A.harvest B.reserve C.expand D.discover
[解析] 由what you plant及语境可知，此处指播种什么就收获什么。
故选A。harvest收割；reserve保留；expand扩大；discover发现。
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Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·重庆部分地区高二期末]
April is the cruellest month…Or so said gloomy poet T. S.
Eliot in his long poem, The Waste Land. It seems he wasn't
wrong. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)—otherwise known as
the “winter blues”—is a well-known condition. But surprisingly,
some people feel more depressed in spring and summer than
at other times of the year. The days getting warmer and longer,
and the fact that spring flowers and blossom represent new
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beginnings for some people, just make the spring blues worse
for others. 1.___
●What causes reverse SAD
Because it's not well understood or often spotted, it's hard
to pin down the reasons for feeling down when everyone else
seems to be full of the joys of springtime. With winter SAD,
less sunlight is thought to disrupt the body's internal clock and
bring on depression. 2.___ You might also be tempted to stay
up late, throwing out your body clock.
●How do you recognize it
C
F
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3.___ Do you love the cold and feel much more energized
at that time of year, while spring makes you feel much less
positive Again, this could be reverse SAD. And it sometimes
runs in families, so look around at your nearest and dearest
and note how they feel about the arrival of warmer, brighter
days.
●4.___
Exercise can work wonders. A study found that ten weeks
of standard exercise was 20 percent more effective than
medication. And get plenty of sleep. Try to get up at the same
time every day, even if you haven't slept well. 5.___
G
A
E
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A.Can you shake off reverse SAD
B.Can exercise help overcome the spring blues
C.This phenomenon is sometimes called “reverse SAD”.
D.The spring blues may have a negative effect on people.
E.But if your depression shows no sign of lifting, see your
doctor.
F.Reverse SAD, on the other hand, might be caused by too
much sunlight.
G.Like traditional SAD, spring depression comes back at the
same time every year.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是反向悲伤，
以及如何摆脱它。
1.___
C
[解析] 根据上一句“The days getting warmer and longer, and the
fact that spring flowers and blossom represent new beginnings
for some people, just make the spring blues worse for others.”
可知，该句描述了一些人在春天忧郁的现象；结合下一句“What
causes reverse SAD ”可知，空处应该引出一个新的概念“反向悲伤”，
这个概念正是指“在春天忧郁”这一现象。选项C(这一现象有时被称为
“反向悲伤”。)符合语意，承上启下。故选C。
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2.___
F
[解析] 根据上一句“With winter SAD, less sunlight is thought to
disrupt the body's internal clock and bring on depression.”可知，
选项F(另一方面，反向悲伤可能是过多的阳光引起的。)中的too
much sunlight和上句中的less sunlight形成对比，指出了反向悲伤的
起因，符合本段主题句“What causes reverse SAD ”表达的含义；下
一句“You might also be tempted to stay up late, throwing out
your body clock.”在选项F的基础上，具体解释了过多阳光可能会引
起晚睡，打乱生物钟，从而导致反向悲伤，符合语境。故选F。
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3.___
G
[解析] 选项G(就像传统悲伤一样，春季抑郁每年都会在同一时间复
发。)中的at the same time every year与下句中的at that time of
year相对应，下一句是对选项G的具体说明，同时选项G也对该段主
题句“How do you recognize it ”做出了回答，符合语境。故选G。
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4.___
A
[解析] 空处为最后一段的段落主题句，参考二、三段，应用问句形
式。根据该段“Exercise can work wonders. A study found that
ten weeks of standard exercise was 20 percent more effective
than medication. And get plenty of sleep. Try to get up at the
same time every day, even if you haven't slept well.”可知，该段
主要说明了如何能够摆脱反向悲伤，锻炼、睡眠和规律的作息都是
有效方法。选项A(你能摆脱反向悲伤吗？)符合段落主题。故选A。
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5.___
E
[解析] 根据前文“Exercise can work wonders.”和“And get plenty
of sleep. Try to get up at the same time every day, even if you
haven't slept well.”和第4小题可知，最后一段主要提出了是否能摆
脱反向悲伤的疑问，并指出了具体的方法；选项E(但如果你的抑郁
没有好转的迹象，那就去看医生吧。)补充提出了如果这些方法不见
效，就应该去找医生看病这一建议，符合段落主题。故选E。
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Ⅵ 语法填空
Do you know what is happiness Different people may give
different answers when it comes to the question. There is no
doubt that when 1._______ (ask) about happiness, we usually
think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which
seems to get less as we get 2.______ (old).
For all the kids, happiness has a magical quality. Winning a
race or getting a new bike is 3.__________ (absolute) pleasant.
asked
older
absolutely
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In the teenage years, 4.____ concept of happiness changes.
Their happiness 5.____ (lie) in such things as excitement, love,
and popularity, 6._______ leave a good impression on them
during their youth. I can still recall the excitement when I
7.____________ (invite) to dance with the most attractive boy at
the school party.
However, in adulthood, the things that bring deep joy—love,
marriage, birth—also bring 8._____________ (responsible) and the
risk of loss. For adults, happiness is complex. It depends 9.____
many aspects.
the
lies
which
was invited
responsibility
on
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My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”.
The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It is
easy 10.________ (gain) the pleasure we get from the company
of friends, the freedom to travel to anywhere we like, and even
good health.
to gain
【文章大意】 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了随着年龄的增长,人
们对幸福的理解会有所不同,以及作者对幸福的定义。
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1._______
asked
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词和when一起构成时间
状语,逻辑主语we和ask之间是被动关系,应用过去分词。故填asked。
2.______
older
[解析] 考查形容词比较级。结合上文的less可知,此处应用old的比较
级作从句的表语。故填older。
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3.__________
absolutely
[解析] 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰形容词pleasant, 作状语。故填
absolutely。
4.____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。concept“观念,概念”为可数名词,此处指青少年时期
的幸福观,是特指,应用定冠词。故填the。
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5.____
lies
[解析] 考查动词时态与主谓一致。设空处为句子的谓语动词,结合语
境可知，此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语their happiness为
不可数名词,故谓语动词用单数形式。故填lies。
6._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词代替先
行词things在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。that不能引导非限
制性定语从句。故填which。
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7.____________
was invited
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。设空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词,结
合语境可知，此处描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,主语I和invite之
间为被动关系,故应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was invited。
8._____________
responsibility
[解析] 考查名词。此处应用名词作bring的宾语,responsibility“责任”
符合语境,此处为抽象概念,不可数。故填responsibility。
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9.____
on
[解析] 考查介词。此处为固定短语depend on“取决于”。故填on。
10.________
to gain
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为固定句型“It is+adj.+to do sth.”，
表示“做某事是……的”, 其中it为形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。故
填to gain。
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