Period Two Using language
语言精讲
1.(1)①superiority ②in (2)superior to the old ones
2.①have gone/got/fallen into debt ②deep in debt ③out of debt ④pay off his debts
语法归纳
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.which/that 2.which 3.where 4.when 5.where
6.which 7.who/that 8.why 9.which 10.whose
●Ⅱ 1.who was accompanied 2.whose job 3.without whom
4.the price of which/whose price 5.which, in turn, has improved my writing skillsPeriod Two Using language
Ⅰ.1.which 2.why 3.as 4.when 5.where 6.whom
Ⅱ.1.whose two daughters
2.who/that will attend the meeting
3.which hangs on the wall of the museum
4.the time when
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了踢毽子这项传统的民间运动的起源和发展。
1.dating 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语,date和逻辑主语shuttlecock(毽子) kicking为主动关系,所以用现在分词形式。故填dating。
2.stores 考查名词复数。store为可数名词,意为“商店”,空前无限定词,故此处应为名词复数形式。故填stores。
3.is needed 考查动词时态和语态。此处为谓语动词,主语a piece of cloth wrapped around a coin和动词need为被动关系,此处陈述客观事实,所以为一般现在时。故填is needed。
4.whose 考查定语从句。此处为关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句,whose作function的定语。故填whose。
5.are 考查动词时态和主谓一致。该句为there be句型,其谓语动词遵循主谓一致的就近原则,主语a great number of variations为复数,所以动词为复数形式,此处讲述客观事实,用一般现在时。故填are。
6.the 考查冠词。此处为the other,特指“另一只脚”,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
7.fairly 考查副词。此处为副词fairly作状语修饰形容词wonderful。故填fairly。
8.beneficial 考查形容词。此处为短语be beneficial to“对……有益”,满足句意要求。故填beneficial。
9.to play 考查非谓语动词。此处为固定短语be adj.+to do,所以此处为动词不定式。故填to play。
10.to 考查介词。此处为短语appeal to“吸引”,满足句意要求。故填to。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一名大学足球运动员Zack Conti因未获得奖学金而面临困境,但他的队友Brian Dooley决定放弃自己的奖学金,将其让给Conti的故事。
1.C 根据上文“Football is one of those sports that develop a strong bond between teammates.”可知,足球是一项能在队友之间建立起牢固纽带的运动,它要求运动员之间要彼此信任。故选C。protect保护;tolerate忍受;trust信任;guide指导。
2.D 根据上文“…Zack Conti was the hardest-working player, but he didn’t receive a scholarship.”以及句中“…Conti was doing everything he could…”可知,为了能跟上球队的训练和学习,Conti做了一切他能做的事情。故选D。weigh up 权衡;get down to开始干,着手做;pull out of退出;keep up with跟上,赶上。
3.C 根据85 scholarships a period可知,每期85个奖学金名额,这是规定。故选C。order命令;guidance 指导;rule规定;step步骤。
4.B 根据“…85 scholarships a period and it was hard…”可知,奖学金的规定很严格。故选B。special特别的;strict严厉的;golden美好的;obvious明显的。
5.D 根据“…give up my scholarship as a gift to Zack Conti.”可知,Dooley愿意放弃自己的奖学金帮助Conti。故选D。afraid害怕的;cautious小心的,谨慎的;likely可能的;willing愿意的。
6.B 根据上文“Conti’s teammate Brian Dooley discovered that Conti was doing everything he could to…team practices, studies and had to pay his way through school for four years.”可知,Dooley认为奖学金是Conti应得的。故选B。acquire获得;deserve值得;ignore忽视;dominate控制,支配。
7.C 根据“…I’m…to give up my scholarship as a gift to Zack Conti.”可知,Creighton在团队会议上宣布了奖学金给Conti的消息。故选C。discipline纪律;guarantee保证;announcement宣告,通告;comment评论。
8.A 根据上文“The team burst into wild cheers…”以及下文的beneath可知,Conti被“掩埋”在队友们中间。故选A。bury掩埋;strike罢工,打击;sink下沉,沉没;beat打败。
9.D 根据“The team burst into wild cheers…”和“…his teammates who were jumping up and down…”可知,队友们庆祝Conti获得了奖学金。故选D。competition竞赛,竞争;performance表现;adventure冒险;celebration庆祝。
10.C 根据“Conti’s teammate Brian Dooley discovered that Conti was doing everything he could to…team practices, studies and had to pay his way through school for four years.”可知,Dooley解释说把奖学金让给Conti是因为看到他多年以来的努力与成长。故选C。cease停止;rank把……分等级;grow成长,生长;weep哭泣。
11.A not sit well with sb为固定搭配,表示“使某人感到不舒服”。故选A。well好;together一起;around在周围;much非常,很。
12.D 根据下文“Competition can…us to be better people. Through competition, we can learn that a team isn’t really about competing at all, but cooperating to reach a united goal.”可知,放弃奖学金让Conti留下来踢球对于Dooley来说意义重大,mean everything“意味着一切”,符合语境。故选D。contain包含;stress强调;serve服务;mean意味着,对某人重要(或有价值)。
13.B 根据“Through competition, we can learn that a team isn’t really about competing at all, but cooperating to reach a united goal.”可知,Dooley认为竞争把他和队友们塑造成为更好的人。故选B。respect尊重;shape塑造;preserve保护,保留;strengthen加强。
14.C 根据“…they get from their teammates is what helps them get through the challenge…”可知,对大多数学生运动员来说,他们都需要来自队友的支持。故选C。admission允许进入;money钱;support支持;advice建议。
15.D 根据“…the relationship between work, school and athletics.”可知,此处指平衡工作、学校和体育运动之间关系的挑战。故选D。understand理解;establish建立;solve解决;balance平衡。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了如何通过改变日常的金钱习惯来影响我们的消费和储蓄方式,以及如何通过一些具体的方法来改善我们的财务状况。
1.A 由上文“Money habits are the small daily decisions we make that influence how we spend and save our money.”可知,这里主要讲金钱习惯的定义,故A项 (改变这些习惯可能很有挑战性)符合语境,其中these habits代指上文money habits,有承上作用,且与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。
2.D 由下文“This involves tracking all your spending for a month and then analysing the data. It can make you realize the potential issues on your spending habits, which can help you identify areas where you can adjust your spending patterns.”可知,这里主要讲关注你的支出明细。故D项 (仔细看看你现有的消费习惯)符合语境,对下文有总括作用,其中spending habits与下文对应。故选D项。
3.G 由上文“Setting and sticking to a budget is also crucial. A budget ensures that your spending is focused on your priorities and that you set aside enough cash to achieve your objectives.”可知,这里主要建议做预算,故G项 (务必包括一个储蓄类别,并坚持使用它)符合语境,其中savings与上文set aside enough cash对应,有承上作用。故选G项。
4.B 由下文“It’s critical to take action to stop the habit of impulse(冲动) shopping because it can significantly reduce your bank account. Making a list of the items you require before you go shopping and sticking to it is one approach to achieving this. Additionally, waiting a day or two before making a purchase can help you determine if you still want the item.”可知,这里主要讲减少冲动购物。故B项 (冲动购物是一个需要改掉的重要习惯)符合语境,对下文有总括作用,其中impulsive purchasing与下文impulse(冲动) shopping 对应。故选B项。
5.F 由下文“…and its effects might not be seen right away.”可知,这里主要讲效果并不是立竿见影,故F项 (请记住,调整你的消费模式是一个过程)符合语境,其中a process与下文might not be seen right away对应,所以有启下作用。故选F项。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了当前社会人们依赖手机应用程序查看餐厅评价的习惯,以及这种依赖背后存在的问题。文章呼吁平台应该采取措施提升评价的真实性和有效性,以改善消费者的用餐体验。
1.an 考查冠词。空处泛指“一个应用程序”,app的发音以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an。故填an。
2.to suffer 考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth“可能做某事”为固定短语。故填to suffer。
3.have topped/have been topping 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语during the past months可知,句子应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,表示从过去某时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作,也可能继续进行。主语为复数名词topics,助动词用have。故填have topped/have been topping。
4.it 考查代词。空处应用it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语。故填it。
5.that/which 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词reasons,指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
6.on 考查介词。rely on…“依靠……”为固定搭配。故填on。
7.original 考查形容词。空处修饰名词intention,应用形容词original “最初的”,作定语。故填original。
8.dishes 考查名词复数。dish为可数名词,前面无限定词修饰,应用复数形式,表示泛指。故填dishes。
9.asked 考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作非谓语动词,动词ask与其逻辑主语platforms之间构成被动关系,应用过去分词。故填asked。
10.leaving 考查非谓语动词。空处表示一种自然而然的结果,应用现在分词,在句中作结果状语。故填leaving。Period Two Using language
1.superior adj. 质量上乘的,优质的
(1)be superior in 在……方面优越
be superior to 比……优越;比……好
(2)superiority n. 优越(性);优势;优越感
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The athlete’s dedication and training gave him a clear sense of (superior) over his competitors on the track.
②The coach clearly knew that their opponents were superior to them strength.
(2)完成句子
Indeed, the new generation of smart phones are in both performance and style.
事实上,新一代智能手机在性能和款式上都优于旧一代智能手机。(话题写作之网络科技)
2.go into debt=get/fall into debt 陷入债务之中,负债
(教材P57)Avoid luxuries so that you don’t go into debt.避免购买奢侈品,这样你就不会负债。
in debt 负债
out of debt 不欠债;还清债务
pay off debts 还清债务
be in sb’s debt 欠某人的人情债
【活学活用】
完成句子
①So far, many companies as a consequence of the outbreak of this financial crisis.
迄今为止,因为这次金融危机的爆发,许多公司都陷入债务之中。
②He had to sell his company at a low price because he was .
由于负债累累,他不得不低价出售公司。
③When I am and my savings accounts are nice and healthy, I will travel.
当我还清债务并且我的储蓄账户比较充足的时候,我会去旅游。
④He worked day and night only to
.
他夜以继日地工作只为还清他的债务。
Review:attributive clauses
复习:定语从句
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以其又被称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词又分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用: (1)连接作用:引导定语从句; (2)替代作用:代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能代替主句中的一部分或者整个主句;(3)语法作用:在定语从句中充当某个句子成分。
具体用法如下:
关系词 在从句中 的成分 修饰的 先行词 可否省略
关系 代词 that 主语或宾语 人、物 作宾语时 可省略
which 主语或宾语 物 作宾语时 可省略
who, whom 主语, 宾语 人 作宾语时 可省略
whose 定语 人、物 不可省略
关系 副词 when, where, why 时间状语, 地点状语, 原因状语 时间, 地点, 原因 一般不可省略
非限制性定语从句、“介词+关系代词”的用法、关系副词的选择是定语从句的三大主要考点。此外,as引导非限制性定语从句置于句首、whose引导先行词为物的定语从句和where引导的地点虚拟化的定语从句等,也是定语从句在高考中的热点。
一、非限制性定语从句
1.在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词which既可以指代其前面的先行词,也可以指代其前面的整个句子。如:
He spoke highly of his own role in the project, which made us very unhappy.
他称赞他自己在项目中的作用,这让我们很不开心。(which指代前面的整个句子)
2.在as引导的非限制性定语从句中,as指代主句的内容,含有“正如,就像”之意。as引导的定语从句既可以放在句首,也可以放在句中和句末。如:
As I have mentioned, he has volunteered to serve in that primary school in mountainous areas.
正如我提到的那样,他已经自愿到山区的那所小学去支教。
二、先行词是地点或时间名词时关系词的选择
1.选择依据:先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词在定语从句中作状语时,可用where或when等引导定语从句;先行词在定语从句中作宾语、主语或表语时,则用that或which引导定语从句。如:
We paid a visit to the place where we once worked together on that project last year.
我们参观了那个去年我们一起合作完成那个项目的地方。
We paid a visit to the place which/that is known for its tourism.
我们参观了那个以旅游业著称的地方。
I could never forget the moment when I got the news that I was admitted.
我永远忘不了我得知我被录取的消息的时刻。
I could never forget the moment which/that was my first day in my teaching career.
我永远忘不了我教学生涯的第一天。
2.where引导的定语从句是近年来高考的热点。尤其要注意的是先行词的虚拟地点化用法,即where不但能指代具体的地点,也可以指代某些比较抽象的场合或境况。如:
We have come to the point where we have to make our decisions.
我们已经到了必须做决定的时候了。
Teaching is a career where great patience and academic skills are greatly needed.
教学是一项非常需要耐心和教学技能的工作。
三、“介词+关系代词(which/whom)”引导的定语从句
1.介词的选择依据:与先行词之间的搭配、与从句中谓语动词的搭配及习惯表达等。要弄清楚介词与关系词(关系代词)之间的关系,选准介词。
2.介词后常用的关系代词有which(指代事物)和whom(指代人)。此时,不能用that或who,而且不能省略;但是当介词没有位于定语从句之首时,也可用that或who引导。如:
Every time I see the pictures, in which he is fighting to save people’s lives, I cannot help being moved by him.
每次我看到他努力拯救人们的生命的照片时,我都禁不住被他感动。
There are many respectable great scientists in the world, one of whom is my favourite scientist Wang Zeshan, a gunpowder and explosive expert.
世界上有许多受人尊敬的伟大科学家,其中之一就是我最喜欢的科学家王泽山,一位火药和炸药专家。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.These products are designed for children are well received by both children and their parents.
2.[2024·全国甲卷] The introduction of high-speed trains has dramatically shortened travel times across the country, makes travel faster and more comfortable.
3.Some university students carried out a campaign they celebrated their whole day without cellphones.
4.We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.
5.Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.
6.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.
7.They were well trained by their masters had great experience in caring for these animals.
8.I finally understood the reason my mum had encouraged me not to give up.
9.She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.
10.Kate, sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
●Ⅱ 句型训练 (定语从句)
1.Each graduate standing on the playground, by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster. (accompany)
每个由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上的毕业生,都会被校长授予一个毕业文凭。
2.My daughter, requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.
我的女儿总不在家,她的工作需要她经常出差。
3.It was also she who taught me spoken English patiently and constantly, I wouldn’t have won the first prize in the English Speech Contest.
也是她耐心地且不停地教我英语口语,没有她我就不会在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
4.Recently, I bought an ancient vase, was very reasonable.
最近,我买了一个古代花瓶,它的价格很合理。
5.Having finished reading the novels, I have built a larger vocabulary,
.
读完小说后,我积累了更多的词汇,这继而又提高了我的写作技能。Period Two Using language
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved.
2.He couldn’t figure out the reason
numerous people tend to advise him to change his major.
3.The number of sales, is reported, has increased by 10 percent due to effective measures.
4.They won’t forget the moment they joined the party and became glorious party members.
5.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.
6.During travelling, one can meet various people, with they can make friends.
●Ⅱ 语法+写作(定语从句)
1.Madame Mary, are both investment consultants ,is our neighbour.
玛丽夫人是我们的邻居,她的两个女儿都是投资顾问。
2.Wang Hua is the only person in our school .
王华是我们学校唯一一个要去参加会议的人。
3.The painting, , has a mysterious blank area in the centre, leaving viewers to speculate about its meaning.
这幅画挂在博物馆的墙上,中间有一个神秘的空白区域,让观看者猜测它的含义。
4.From he was in the boyhood , he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
从他童年时起,他就开始知道自己长大后想要什么。
●Ⅲ 语篇语法填空
Shuttlecock (毽子) kicking is a traditional popular folk game, 1. (date) as far back as the Han Dynasty.The fun game gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty, when 2. (store) specializing in the shuttlecock business appeared. In the Qing Dynasty, shuttlecock kicking reached its peak in terms of both making techniques and kicking skills.
To make a feather shuttlecock, a piece of cloth wrapped around a coin 3. (need). Through the coin hole you can stick some feathers, 4. function is to delay the rising and falling of the shuttlecock.
There 5. (be) a great number of variations in styles and methods of kicking. With one leg fixed on the ground, the shuttlecock is kicked by the inner ankle of 6. other. Some other styles include kicking the shuttlecock backwards and forwards between two people. Those who advance to a high level of mastery can perform some actions that are 7. (fair) wonderful. The challenge of the increasingly difficult levels of shuttlecock kicking has made it a popular and timeless game among Chinese children.
Playing with shuttlecocks is 8. (benefit) to health. When people are kicking shuttlecocks, various parts of the body need to work together, which enhances balance capabilities and physical flexibility. Besides, shuttlecock kicking is convenient 9. (play). It can be practised just about anywhere and anytime.
Since the establishment of the Chinese Shuttlecock Kicking Association in 1987, the national shuttlecock kicking tournament has been held annually, appealing 10. people of all ages.
●Ⅳ 完形填空
Football is one of those sports that develop a strong bond between teammates. It requires every member to 1 the player next to him/her. At Eastern Michigan University’s team, Zack Conti was the hardest-working player, but he didn’t receive a scholarship.
Conti’s teammate Brian Dooley discovered that Conti was doing everything he could to 2 team practices, studies and had to pay his way through school for four years. Then Dooley turned to Chris Creighton, head football coach, who explained that the 3 was 85 scholarships a period and it was hard and 4 . The next day, Dooley went into Chris Creighton’s office, saying, “Coach, I’ve talked it over with my family and I’m 5 to give up my scholarship as a gift to Zack Conti. He really 6 it.”
At a team meeting, Creighton made the 7 and handed Conti the scholarship. The team burst into wild cheers, and Conti was soon 8 beneath his teammates who were jumping up and down in 9 .
When asked about the decision, Dooley shared, “I did it because I’ve seen Conti 10 over the years. Seeing him walk away from something that he loves did not sit 11 with me. Giving up my scholarship so he can stay and play 12 petition can 13 us to be better people. Through competition, we can learn that a team isn’t really about competing at all, but cooperating to reach a united goal.”
For most student athletes in all sports, the 14 they get from their teammates is what helps them get through the challenge of 15 the relationship between work, school and athletics.
( )1.A.protect B.tolerate
C.trust D.guide
( )2.A.weigh up B.get down to
C.pull out of D.keep up with
( )3.A.order B.guidance
C.rule D.step
( )4.A.special B.strict
C.golden D.obvious
( )5.A.afraid B.cautious
C.likely D.willing
( )6.A.acquires B.deserves
C.ignores D.dominates
( )7.A.discipline B.guarantee
C.announcement D.comment
( )8.A.buried B.struck
C.sunk D.beaten
( )9.A.competition B.performance
C.adventure D.celebration
( )10.A.cease B.rank
C.grow D.weep
( )11.A.well B.together
C.around D.much
( )12.A.contains B.stresses
C.serves D.means
( )13.A.respect B.shape
C.preserve D.strengthen
( )14.A.admission B.money
C.support D.advice
( )15.A.understanding B.establishing
C.solving D.balancing
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·辽宁沈阳重点中学五校联考高二期末]
Money habits are the small daily decisions we make that influence how we spend and save our money. 1. , but with a little awareness and effort, we can make improvements that will help us achieve our financial objectives.
2. . This involves tracking all your spending for a month and then analysing the data. It can make you realize the potential issues on your spending habits, which can help you identify areas where you can adjust your spending patterns.
Next, set up clear financial objectives for yourself. Having a specific objective in mind will help you keep motivated and focused, whether it’s saving for a down payment on a house, removing credit card debts, or creating an emergency fund.
Setting and sticking to a budget is also crucial. A budget ensures that your spending is focused on your priorities and that you set aside enough cash to achieve your objectives. 3. .
4. . It’s critical to take action to stop the habit of impulse(冲动) shopping because it can significantly reduce your bank account. Making a list of the items you require before you go shopping and sticking to it is one approach to achieving this. Additionally, waiting a day or two before making a purchase can help you determine if you still want the item.
Finally, it’s critical to pay attention to your financial habits and adjust them as needed. Track your spending and goals, and be prepared to adjust as required. 5 , and its effects might not be seen right away. With a little knowledge and effort, you can make positive changes, helping you achieve your financial objectives and strengthen your overall financial health.
A.It might be challenging to change these habits
B.Impulsive purchasing is a crucial habit to break
C.Create a checklist of the items you aim to purchase
D.Take a careful look at your existing spending habits
E.Good money habits should be developed from now on
F.Keep in mind that adjusting your spending patterns is a process
G.Be sure to include a category for savings and use it consistently
●Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·安徽芜湖高二期末]
Nowadays, we are used to opening 1. app to skim public reviews for reference before going to a restaurant. If it has a score of 4.8 or above on a 5-point scale, the restaurant is guaranteed to be a good choice; but if it is a 4 or even less, it almost always means the restaurant is so terrible that you are likely 2. (suffer).
During the past months,topics such as “Restaurants with low ratings may taste better” 3. (top) the list of search terms. But 4. is essential for everyone to get genuine evaluations. We need to analyse the reasons 5. lead to the present situations and reflect on measures to improve consumer experiences.
For one thing, quite a few business runners rely so primarily 6. good scores to attract consumers that they buy positive reviews. For another, some consumers may go against their 7. (origin) intention and give high scores because they receive free 8. (dish) or coupons. When 9. (ask) to submit comments about these phenomena, platforms must develop richer ways for quality players who need to display themselves. Meanwhile, the rating mechanism should include regular monitoring. Otherwise, users will eventually abandon platforms, 10.
(leave) those tricky players to their marketing game.(共72张PPT)
Period Two
Using language
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
1.superior adj. 质量上乘的，优质的
(1)be superior in 在……方面优越
be superior to 比……优越；比……好
(2)superiority n. 优越(性)；优势；优越感
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The athlete's dedication and training gave him a clear sense
of ___________ (superior) over his competitors on the track.
②The coach clearly knew that their opponents were superior to
them ___ strength.
superiority
in
(2)完成句子
Indeed， the new generation of smart phones are ____________
____________ in both performance and style.
事实上，新一代智能手机在性能和款式上都优于旧一代智能手机。
(话题写作之网络科技)
superior to the old ones
2.go into debt=get/fall into debt 陷入债务之中，负债
(教材P57)Avoid luxuries so that you don't go into debt.避免购买
奢侈品，这样你就不会负债。
in debt 负债
out of debt 不欠债;还清债务
pay off debts 还清债务
be in sb's debt 欠某人的人情债
【活学活用】
完成句子
①So far， many companies ______________________________ as
a consequence of the outbreak of this financial crisis.
迄今为止，因为这次金融危机的爆发，许多公司都陷入债务之中。
have gone/got/fallen into debt
②He had to sell his company at a low price because he was
______________.
由于负债累累，他不得不低价出售公司。
deep in debt
③When I am ____________ and my savings accounts are nice
and healthy， I will travel.
当我还清债务并且我的储蓄账户比较充足的时候，我会去旅游。
out of debt
④He worked day and night only to _________________.
他夜以继日地工作只为还清他的债务。
pay off his debts
Review:attributive clauses
复习：定语从句
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定
语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以其又被称为形
容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词又分为关系代词和
关系副词。关系代词有that， which， who， whom， whose，
as等;关系副词有where， when， why等。
关系词常有3个作用: (1)连接作用:引导定语从句; (2)替代作用:代
替主句中的先行词，甚至可能代替主句中的一部分或者整个主句;(3)
语法作用:在定语从句中充当某个句子成分。
具体用法如下:
关系词 在从句中的成分 修饰的先行词 可否省略
关系 代词 that 主语或宾语 人、物 作宾语时可省略
which 主语或宾语 物 作宾语时可省略
关系词 在从句中的成分 修饰的先行词 可否省略
关系 代词 who，whom 主语，宾语 人 作宾语时可
省略
whose 定语 人、物 不可省略
关系 副词 when, where，why 时间状语，地点状 语，原因状语 时间，地点， 原因 一般不可省略
续表
非限制性定语从句、“介词+关系代词”的用法、关系副词的选择
是定语从句的三大主要考点。此外，as引导非限制性定语从句置于
句首、whose引导先行词为物的定语从句和where引导的地点虚拟化
的定语从句等，也是定语从句在高考中的热点。
一、非限制性定语从句
1.在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词which既可以指代其前面的先行
词，也可以指代其前面的整个句子。如:
He spoke highly of his own role in the project， which made
us very unhappy.
他称赞他自己在项目中的作用，这让我们很不开心。(which指代前
面的整个句子)
2.在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，as指代主句的内容，含有“正如，
就像”之意。as引导的定语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中和
句末。如:
As I have mentioned， he has volunteered to serve in that
primary school in mountainous areas.
正如我提到的那样，他已经自愿到山区的那所小学去支教。
二、先行词是地点或时间名词时关系词的选择
1.选择依据:先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词在定语从句中
作状语时，可用where或when等引导定语从句;先行词在定语从句中
作宾语、主语或表语时，则用that或which引导定语从句。如:
We paid a visit to the place where we once worked together
on that project last year.
我们参观了那个去年我们一起合作完成那个项目的地方。
We paid a visit to the place which/that is known for its
tourism.
我们参观了那个以旅游业著称的地方。
I could never forget the moment when I got the news that I
was admitted.
我永远忘不了我得知我被录取的消息的时刻。
I could never forget the moment which/that was my first day
in my teaching career.
我永远忘不了我教学生涯的第一天。
2.where引导的定语从句是近年来高考的热点。尤其要注意的是先行
词的虚拟地点化用法，即where不但能指代具体的地点，也可以指代
某些比较抽象的场合或境况。如:
We have come to the point where we have to make our
decisions.
我们已经到了必须做决定的时候了。
Teaching is a career where great patience and academic skills
are greatly needed.
教学是一项非常需要耐心和教学技能的工作。
三、“介词+关系代词(which/whom)”引导的定语从句
1.介词的选择依据:与先行词之间的搭配、与从句中谓语动词的搭配及
习惯表达等。要弄清楚介词与关系词(关系代词)之间的关系，选准介词。
2.介词后常用的关系代词有which(指代事物)和whom(指代人)。此时，
不能用that或who，而且不能省略;但是当介词没有位于定语从句之首
时，也可用that或who引导。如：
Every time I see the pictures， in which he is fighting to save
people's lives， I cannot help being moved by him.
每次我看到他努力拯救人们的生命的照片时，我都禁不住被他感动。
There are many respectable great scientists in the world， one
of whom is my favourite scientist Wang Zeshan， a
gunpowder and explosive expert.
世界上有许多受人尊敬的伟大科学家，其中之一就是我最喜欢的科
学家王泽山，一位火药和炸药专家。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.These products ___________ are designed for children are well
received by both children and their parents.
which/that
2.[2024·全国甲卷] The introduction of high-speed trains has
dramatically shortened travel times across the country， _______
makes travel faster and more comfortable.
which
3.Some university students carried out a campaign _______ they
celebrated their whole day without cellphones.
where
4.We have entered into an age ______ dreams have the best
chance of coming true.
5.Their child is at the stage _______ she can say individual
words but not full sentences.
when
where
6.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet
shop in Macclesfield， _______ she opened with her late
husband Les.
which
7.They were well trained by their masters _________ had great
experience in caring for these animals.
who/that
8.I finally understood the reason _____ my mum had
encouraged me not to give up.
9.She and her family bicycle to work， _______ helps them
keep fit.
10.Kate， _______ sister I shared a room with when we were at
college， has gone to work in Australia.
why
which
whose
Ⅱ 句型训练 (定语从句)
1.Each graduate standing on the playground， ___________
____________ by a parent， would be awarded a diploma by
the headmaster. (accompany)
每个由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上的毕业生，都会被校长授予一
个毕业文凭。
who was accompanied
2.My daughter， ___________ requires her to do a lot of
travelling， is always away from home.
我的女儿总不在家，她的工作需要她经常出差。
whose job
3.It was also she who taught me spoken English patiently and
constantly， ______________ I wouldn't have won the first prize
in the English Speech Contest.
也是她耐心地且不停地教我英语口语，没有她我就不会在英语演讲
比赛中获得一等奖。
without whom
4.Recently， I bought an ancient vase， _____________________
____________ was very reasonable.
最近，我买了一个古代花瓶，它的价格很合理。
the price of which/ whose price
5.Having finished reading the novels， I have built a larger
vocabulary， ___________________________________________.
读完小说后，我积累了更多的词汇，这继而又提高了我的写作技能。
which, in turn, has improved my writing skills
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human
beings cry tears, none of _______ has been proved.
which
2.He couldn't figure out the reason _____ numerous people
tend to advise him to change his major.
why
3.The number of sales, ____ is reported, has increased by 10
percent due to effective measures.
as
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.They won't forget the moment ______ they joined the party
and became glorious party members.
when
5.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy
atmosphere _______ his employees enjoy their work.
where
6.During travelling, one can meet various people, with _______
they can make friends.
whom
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅱ 语法+写作(定语从句)
1.Madame Mary， _____________________ are both investment
consultants，is our neighbour.
玛丽夫人是我们的邻居,她的两个女儿都是投资顾问。
whose two daughters
2.Wang Hua is the only person in our school ________________
__________________.
王华是我们学校唯一一个要去参加会议的人。
who/that will attend the meeting
1
2
3
4
3.The painting, _______________________________________, has
a mysterious blank area in the centre, leaving viewers to
speculate about its meaning.
这幅画挂在博物馆的墙上，中间有一个神秘的空白区域，让观看者
猜测它的含义。
which hangs on the wall of the museum
4.From _______________ he was in the boyhood, he began to
know what he wanted when he grew up.
从他童年时起,他就开始知道自己长大后想要什么。
the time when
1
2
3
4
Ⅲ 语篇语法填空
Shuttlecock (毽子) kicking is a traditional popular folk game,
1._______ (date) as far back as the Han Dynasty. The fun game
gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty, when 2._______
(store) specializing in the shuttlecock business appeared. In the
Qing Dynasty, shuttlecock kicking reached its peak in terms of
both making techniques and kicking skills.
dating
stores
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
To make a feather shuttlecock, a piece of cloth wrapped
around a coin 3.__________ (need). Through the coin hole you
can stick some feathers, 4._______ function is to delay the rising
and falling of the shuttlecock.
There 5.____ (be) a great number of variations in styles and
methods of kicking. With one leg fixed on the ground, the
shuttlecock is kicked by the inner ankle of 6.____ other. Some
other styles include kicking the shuttlecock backwards and
forwards between two people. Those who advance to a high
is needed
whose
are
the
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
level of mastery can perform some actions that are 7.______
(fair) wonderful. The challenge of the increasingly difficult levels
of shuttlecock kicking has made it a popular and timeless game
among Chinese children.
Playing with shuttlecocks is 8.__________ (benefit) to health.
When people are kicking shuttlecocks, various parts of the body
need to work together, which enhances balance capabilities and
physical flexibility. Besides, shuttlecock kicking is convenient
9.________ (play). It can be practised just about anywhere and
anytime.
fairly
beneficial
to play
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Since the establishment of the Chinese Shuttlecock Kicking
Association in 1987, the national shuttlecock kicking tournament
has been held annually, appealing 10.____ people of all ages.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了踢毽子这项传统
的民间运动的起源和发展。
to
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1._______
dating
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，date和逻辑主
语shuttlecock(毽子) kicking为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故
填dating。
2._______
stores
[解析] 考查名词复数。store为可数名词，意为“商店”，空前无限定
词，故此处应为名词复数形式。故填stores。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.__________
is needed
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。此处为谓语动词，主语a piece of
cloth wrapped around a coin和动词need为被动关系，此处陈述客
观事实，所以为一般现在时。故填is needed。
4._______
whose
[解析] 考查定语从句。此处为关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语
从句，whose作function的定语。故填whose。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.____
are
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。该句为there be句型，其谓语动
词遵循主谓一致的就近原则，主语a great number of variations为
复数，所以动词为复数形式，此处讲述客观事实，用一般现在时。
故填are。
6.____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。此处为the other，特指“另一只脚”，所以用定冠
词the。故填the。
7.______
fairly
[解析] 考查副词。此处为副词fairly作状语修饰形容词wonderful。故
填fairly。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.__________
beneficial
[解析] 考查形容词。此处为短语be beneficial to“对……有益”，满
足句意要求。故填beneficial。
9.________
to play
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为固定短语be adj.+to do，所以此处
为动词不定式。故填to play。
10.____
to
[解析] 考查介词。此处为短语appeal to“吸引”，满足句意要求。故
填to。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅳ 完形填空
Football is one of those sports that develop a strong bond
between teammates. It requires every member to . .1. . the player
next to him/her. At Eastern Michigan University's team, Zack
Conti was the hardest-working player, but he didn't receive a
scholarship.
Conti's teammate Brian Dooley discovered that Conti was
doing everything he could to . .2. . team practices, studies and
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
had to pay his way through school for four years. Then Dooley
turned to Chris Creighton, head football coach, who explained
that the . .3. . was 85 scholarships a period and it was hard
and . .4. .. The next day, Dooley went into Chris Creighton's office,
saying, “Coach, I've talked it over with my family and I'm . .5. . to
give up my scholarship as a gift to Zack Conti. He really . .6. . it.”
At a team meeting, Creighton made the . .7. . and handed
Conti the scholarship. The team burst into wild cheers, and
Conti was soon . .8. . beneath his teammates who were jumping
up and down in . .9. ..
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
When asked about the decision, Dooley shared, “I did it
because I've seen Conti . .10. . over the years. Seeing him walk
away from something that he loves did not sit . .11. . with me.
Giving up my scholarship so he can stay and play . .12. .
petition can . .13. . us to be better people.
Through competition, we can learn that a team isn't really about
competing at all, but cooperating to reach a united goal.”
For most student athletes in all sports, the . .14. . they get
from their teammates is what helps them get through the
challenge of . .15. . the relationship between work, school and
athletics.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一名大学足球运动员
Zack Conti因未获得奖学金而面临困境，但他的队友Brian Dooley决
定放弃自己的奖学金，将其让给Conti的故事。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 1.A.protect B.tolerate C.trust D.guide
[解析] 根据上文“Football is one of those sports that develop a
strong bond between teammates.”可知，足球是一项能在队友之间
建立起牢固纽带的运动，它要求运动员之间要彼此信任。故选C。
protect保护；tolerate忍受；trust信任；guide指导。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 2.A.weigh up B.get down to
C.pull out of D.keep up with
[解析] 根据上文“…Zack Conti was the hardest-working player,
but he didn't receive a scholarship.”以及句中“…Conti was doing
everything he could…”可知，为了能跟上球队的训练和学习，Conti
做了一切他能做的事情。故选D。weigh up 权衡；get down to开
始干，着手做；pull out of退出；keep up with跟上，赶上。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 3.A.order B.guidance C.rule D.step
[解析] 根据85 scholarships a period可知，每期85个奖学金名额，
这是规定。故选C。order命令；guidance 指导；rule规定；step步骤。
( ) 4.A.special B.strict C.golden D.obvious
[解析] 根据“…85 scholarships a period and it was hard…”可知，
奖学金的规定很严格。故选B。special特别的；strict严厉的；golden
美好的；obvious明显的。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 5.A.afraid B.cautious C.likely D.willing
[解析] 根据“…give up my scholarship as a gift to Zack Conti.”可
知，Dooley愿意放弃自己的奖学金帮助Conti。故选D。afraid害怕的；
cautious小心的，谨慎的；likely可能的；willing愿意的。
( ) 6.A.acquires B.deserves C.ignores D.dominates
[解析] 根据上文“Conti's teammate Brian Dooley discovered that
Conti was doing everything he could to…team practices, studies
and had to pay his way through school for four years.”可知，
Dooley认为奖学金是Conti应得的。故选B。acquire获得；deserve值
得；ignore忽视；dominate控制，支配。
√
√
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8
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( ) 7.A.discipline B.guarantee
C.announcement D.comment
[解析] 根据“…I'm…to give up my scholarship as a gift to Zack
Conti.”可知，Creighton在团队会议上宣布了奖学金给Conti的消息。
故选C。discipline纪律；guarantee保证；announcement宣告，通告；
comment评论。
( ) 8.A.buried B.struck C.sunk D.beaten
[解析] 根据上文“The team burst into wild cheers…”以及下文的
beneath可知，Conti被“掩埋”在队友们中间。故选A。bury掩埋；
strike罢工，打击；sink下沉，沉没；beat打败。
√
√
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( ) 9.A.competition B.performance
C.adventure D.celebration
[解析] 根据“The team burst into wild cheers…”和“…his
teammates who were jumping up and down…”可知，队友们庆祝
Conti获得了奖学金。故选D。competition竞赛，竞争；performance
表现；adventure冒险；celebration庆祝。
√
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( ) 10.A.cease B.rank C.grow D.weep
[解析] 根据“Conti's teammate Brian Dooley discovered that Conti
was doing everything he could to…team practices, studies and
had to pay his way through school for four years.”可知，Dooley
解释说把奖学金让给Conti是因为看到他多年以来的努力与成长。故
选C。cease停止；rank把……分等级；grow成长，生长；weep哭泣。
( ) 11.A.well B.together C.around D.much
[解析] not sit well with sb为固定搭配，表示“使某人感到不舒服”。
故选A。well好；together一起；around在周围；much非常，很。
√
√
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( ) 12.A.contains B.stresses C.serves D.means
[解析] 根据下文“Competition can…us to be better people.
Through competition, we can learn that a team isn't really about
competing at all, but cooperating to reach a united goal.”可知，
放弃奖学金让Conti留下来踢球对于Dooley来说意义重大，mean
everything“意味着一切”，符合语境。故选D。contain包含；stress强
调；serve服务；mean意味着，对某人重要(或有价值)。
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( ) 13.A.respect B.shape C.preserve D.strengthen
[解析] 根据“Through competition, we can learn that a team isn't
really about competing at all, but cooperating to reach a united
goal.”可知，Dooley认为竞争把他和队友们塑造成为更好的人。故选
B。respect尊重；shape塑造；preserve保护，保留；strengthen加强。
( ) 14.A.admission B.money C.support D.advice
[解析] 根据“…they get from their teammates is what helps them
get through the challenge…”可知，对大多数学生运动员来说，他
们都需要来自队友的支持。故选C。admission允许进入；money钱；
support支持；advice建议。
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( ) 15.A.understanding B.establishing
C.solving D.balancing
[解析] 根据“…the relationship between work, school and
athletics.”可知，此处指平衡工作、学校和体育运动之间关系的挑战。
故选D。understand理解；establish建立；solve解决；balance平衡。
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Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·辽宁沈阳重点中学五校联考高二期末]
Money habits are the small daily decisions we make that
influence how we spend and save our money. 1.___, but with a
little awareness and effort, we can make improvements that will
help us achieve our financial objectives.
A
1
2
3
4
5
2.___. This involves tracking all your spending for a month
and then analysing the data. It can make you realize the
potential issues on your spending habits, which can help you
identify areas where you can adjust your spending patterns.
Next, set up clear financial objectives for yourself. Having a
specific objective in mind will help you keep motivated and
focused, whether it's saving for a down payment on a house,
removing credit card debts, or creating an emergency fund.
D
1
2
3
4
5
Setting and sticking to a budget is also crucial. A budget
ensures that your spending is focused on your priorities and
that you set aside enough cash to achieve your objectives. 3.___.
4.___. It's critical to take action to stop the habit of
impulse(冲动) shopping because it can significantly reduce your
bank account. Making a list of the items you require before you
go shopping and sticking to it is one approach to achieving this.
Additionally, waiting a day or two before making a purchase
can help you determine if you still want the item.
G
B
1
2
3
4
5
Finally, it's critical to pay attention to your financial habits
and adjust them as needed. Track your spending and goals, and
be prepared to adjust as required. 5___, and its effects might
not be seen right away. With a little knowledge and effort, you
can make positive changes, helping you achieve your financial
objectives and strengthen your overall financial health.
F
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2
3
4
5
A.It might be challenging to change these habits
B.Impulsive purchasing is a crucial habit to break
C.Create a checklist of the items you aim to purchase
D.Take a careful look at your existing spending habits
E.Good money habits should be developed from now on
F.Keep in mind that adjusting your spending patterns is a
process
G.Be sure to include a category for savings and use it
consistently
1
2
3
4
5
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何通过改变日常的
金钱习惯来影响我们的消费和储蓄方式，以及如何通过一些具体的
方法来改善我们的财务状况。
1
2
3
4
5
1.___
A
[解析] 由上文“Money habits are the small daily decisions we
make that influence how we spend and save our money.”可知，
这里主要讲金钱习惯的定义，故A项 (改变这些习惯可能很有挑战性)
符合语境，其中these habits代指上文money habits，有承上作用，
且与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。
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2
3
4
5
2.___
D
[解析] 由下文“This involves tracking all your spending for a
month and then analysing the data. It can make you realize the
potential issues on your spending habits, which can help you
identify areas where you can adjust your spending patterns.”可知，
这里主要讲关注你的支出明细。故D项 (仔细看看你现有的消费习惯)
符合语境，对下文有总括作用，其中spending habits与下文对应。
故选D项。
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5
3.___
G
[解析] 由上文“Setting and sticking to a budget is also crucial. A
budget ensures that your spending is focused on your priorities
and that you set aside enough cash to achieve your objectives.”
可知，这里主要建议做预算，故G项 (务必包括一个储蓄类别，并坚
持使用它)符合语境，其中savings与上文set aside enough cash对应，
有承上作用。故选G项。
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2
3
4
5
4.___
B
[解析] 由下文“It's critical to take action to stop the habit of
impulse(冲动) shopping because it can significantly reduce your
bank account. Making a list of the items you require before you
go shopping and sticking to it is one approach to achieving this.
Additionally, waiting a day or two before making a purchase
can help you determine if you still want the item.”可知，这里主
要讲减少冲动购物。故B项 (冲动购物是一个需要改掉的重要习惯)符
合语境，对下文有总括作用，其中impulsive purchasing与下文
impulse(冲动) shopping 对应。故选B项。
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2
3
4
5
5.___
F
[解析] 由下文“…and its effects might not be seen right away.”可
知，这里主要讲效果并不是立竿见影，故F项 (请记住，调整你的消
费模式是一个过程)符合语境，其中a process与下文might not be
seen right away对应，所以有启下作用。故选F项。
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2
3
4
5
Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·安徽芜湖高二期末]
Nowadays, we are used to opening 1.____ app to skim
public reviews for reference before going to a restaurant. If it
has a score of 4.8 or above on a 5-point scale, the restaurant
is guaranteed to be a good choice; but if it is a 4 or even less,
it almost always means the restaurant is so terrible that you are
likely 2._________ (suffer).
an
to suffer
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
During the past months,topics such as “Restaurants with low
ratings may taste better” 3._______________________________
(top) the list of search terms. But 4.___ is essential for everyone
to get genuine evaluations. We need to analyse the reasons
5.___________ lead to the present situations and reflect on
measures to improve consumer experiences.
For one thing, quite a few business runners rely so
primarily 6.____ good scores to attract consumers that they buy
positive reviews. For another, some consumers may go against
have topped/have been topping
it
that/which
on
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2
3
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their 7.________ (origin) intention and give high scores because
they receive free 8._______ (dish) or coupons. When 9._______
(ask) to submit comments about these phenomena, platforms
must develop richer ways for quality players who need to
display themselves. Meanwhile, the rating mechanism should
include regular monitoring. Otherwise, users will eventually
abandon platforms, 10.________(leave) those tricky players to
their marketing game.
original
dishes
asked
leaving
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了当前社会人们
依赖手机应用程序查看餐厅评价的习惯，以及这种依赖背后存在的
问题。文章呼吁平台应该采取措施提升评价的真实性和有效性，以
改善消费者的用餐体验。
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3
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7
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1.____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。空处泛指“一个应用程序”，app的发音以元音音素
开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
2._________
to suffer
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth“可能做某事”为固定短
语。故填to suffer。
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3._______________________________
have topped/have been topping
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语during the past
months可知，句子应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示从过去
某时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作，也可能继续进行。主语为复数
名词topics，助动词用have。故填have topped/have been topping。
4.___
it
[解析] 考查代词。空处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词
不定式短语。故填it。
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2
3
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5.___________
that/which
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词
reasons，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或
which。故填that/which。
6.____
on
[解析] 考查介词。rely on…“依靠……”为固定搭配。故填on。
7.________
original
[解析] 考查形容词。空处修饰名词intention，应用形容词original
“最初的”，作定语。故填original。
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8._______
dishes
[解析] 考查名词复数。dish为可数名词，前面无限定词修饰，应用
复数形式，表示泛指。故填dishes。
9._______
asked
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作非谓语动词，动词ask与其逻
辑主语platforms之间构成被动关系，应用过去分词。故填asked。
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10.________
leaving
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处表示一种自然而然的结果，应用现在
分词，在句中作结果状语。故填leaving。
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10
