Period Three Developing ideas
【课前自主探究】
Task 1 Fast Reading
1.sea bed 2.Biological 3.natural resources
4.oceanic discovery
Task 2 Careful Reading
1—4 DDAD
Task 3 Micro-writing
1.but 2.exploration 3.a 4.lying 5.most extreme
6.have been exploring 7.conducted 8.was formed 9.of
10.gradually
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.(1)within (2)①reached (out) for ②out of/beyond the reach of ③reached out his hand
2.(1)①familiarity ②unfamiliar ③with (2)is very familiar to me
句型透视
1.(1)lies (2)①came a voice ②is/was the forest
2.(1)to make (2)①It happened that ②It’s a great honour for me to be invitedPeriod Three Developing ideas
Ⅰ.1.upwards 2.Furthermore 3.notable 4.substance
Ⅱ.1.to have been 2.investigation 3.remaining
4.drilling 5.what 6.a
Ⅲ.1.steer clear of 2.test the waters 3.think twice
4.set out 5.looked into 6.shrink from 7.run for his life
8.check out
Ⅳ.1.It was no surprise that 2.In came a group of hikers
3.If necessary
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了军蚁的生活习性和在建造蚁桥时展现出的智慧。
1.C 推理判断题。通读第一段可知,本段主要介绍了军蚁的生活习性,如它们喜欢群居,一般一个群体有一两百万只,它们有迁徙的习惯,没有固定的住所,遇到障碍时可以连接身体建造蚁桥等。故选C项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, after observation, it was found that the ant bridge would constantly change according to the army ants’ knowledge of the outside world.”可知,军蚁建桥时会根据需要不断调整。故选D项。
3.A 词义猜测题。根据前文“The ant bridge can move slowly from the original position, and the army ants will increase the number of ants in the bridge, and extend the length of the bridge, so that other ants may save a lot of efforts by using the ant bridge instead of taking other routes.”可知,军蚁在建桥时会增加蚂蚁的数量,延长桥梁的长度,这样其他蚂蚁就可以节省很多精力,而不是走其他路线。因此,军蚁建桥的目的是不断“减少”到达目标区域的距离,所以compress在这里的意思是“减少”,和A项意思相近。故选A项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researchers believe that army ants use the best methods in the construction of bridges.”以及全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了军蚁的集体智慧,可以建造蚁桥并根据外界情况不断调整蚁桥等,因此本文的写作目的是展示军蚁的集体智慧。故选C项。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者无意中发现的一本书给作者打开了一个新的世界,也影响了作者的一生。
1.A 根据上文中的“On a hot summer day when I was 13, I was bored in my attic (阁楼) bedroom.”可知,作者在炎热的夏天感到有些无聊,由此可知,此处是指作者在想如何“缓解”这种无聊。故选A。relieve缓解;knock敲打;experience体验;defend防御。
2.C 根据上文中的“…my hand landed on a floorboard…”可知,作者的手放在地板上,结合下文中的“…and almost hit me in the head.”可知,地板差点打到作者的头,由此可知,此处应为地板“突然弹出来”,pop up意为“突然弹出来”。故选C。pick采;turn转向;pop冷不防冒出;come来。
3.A 根据语境和上文中的“When I looked inside the open space…”可知,作者应是“好奇地”向里面看。故选A。curiously好奇地;patiently耐心地;aimlessly漫无目的地;secretly秘密地。
4.B 根据上文中的“…there was something like a book.”可知,作者看到里面有一个像书一样的东西,所以,此处指的是作者把它从地板下面拿出来。故选B。let让;pull拿出,拉;reach到达;kick踢。
5.B 根据下文中的“…because I’d never heard of this book.”可知,作者自己从未听说过这本书,所以想知道谁“熟悉”这些语录。故选B。challenging具有挑战性的;familiar熟悉的;important重要的;acceptable可接受的。
6.D 下文中的“…I was bored, I decided to see what was inside the book.”为因果关系,所以此处应为“因为”。故选D。although尽管,after在……之后;supposing假定;since因为。
7.A 根据下文中的“…reading about different…”以及“I learned about comfort, hope, love and even loneliness.”可知,此处指作者开始“翻阅”书籍。故选A。leaf through翻阅;check out调查;look for寻找;tear off扯掉。
8.B 根据下文中的“I learned about comfort, hope, love and even loneliness.”可知,作者在读书的时候,了解到了很多与情绪相关的知识。故选B。culture文化;emotion情绪;theme主题;lesson课,教训。
9.C 根据下文中的“I learned about different quotes and phrases, and I got to…how language could be used to…complex emotions.”可知,作者通过阅读这本书,学到了很多不同的引语和短语等,故此处指的是这本书为作者“打开”了一个新的世界。故选C。change改变;march行进;unfold打开;pass通过。
10.B 根据上文中的“It felt like a new world…before me. I learned about different quotes and phrases…”可知,这本书为作者打开了一个新世界,作者从中学到了很多不同的引语和短语,此处讲述的仍是作者从这本书中得到的收获,所以此处为“掌握”。故选B。mess弄乱;grasp掌握;anticipate期望;question提问。
11.D 根据上文中的“I learned about different quotes and phrases…”以及下文中的“I also realized how those emotions I’d felt while reading Bartlett’s became…in the characters I encountered in novels.”可知,作者从这本书中学到了很多知识,结合下文中的complex emotions可知,此处讲述的是作者知道了语言是如何被用来“表达”复杂的情绪的。故选D。identify识别;hide隐藏;control控制;express表达。
12.A 根据上文中的“I also realized how those emotions I’d felt while reading Bartlett’s…”可知,此处讲述作者在阅读这本书时的感受,结合下文中的“…in the characters I encountered in novels.”可知,此处提到了作者在小说中遇到的一些人物角色,故此处指的是作者受这本书的影响,能感受到那些情绪是如何在他读过的小说中的人物身上变得生动的。故选A。alive有生气的;misty模糊的;mixed混合的;mild温和的。
13.A 根据上文中的“When I went to college, Bartlett’s came with me.”可知,作者始终保存着这本书,结合下文中的“…which I still often refer to.”可知,此处指的是作者保存的“原始的”版本。故选A。original原始的,最初的;special特别的;hand-held手持的;complete完全的。
14.D 根据上文中的“I’ve bought a few of the newer…”以及下文中的“…but the first one is the one…”可知,此处指的是作者拿新买的“版本”与最早保存的那本做比较,来说明最早的一版对作者的影响深远。故选D。work作品;style风格;product产品;edition版本。
15.C 根据下文中的“…helped me escape from the boredom, and see more than my young mind and heart could understand.”可知,最早的一版书让作者摆脱了无聊,看到了年轻的头脑和心灵无法理解的东西,故此处指的是最早的一版书“解放”了作者。故选C。shock使震惊;shelter保护,掩蔽;liberate解放;define阐明,明确。Period Three Developing ideas
Task 1: Fast Reading
Task 2: Careful Reading
( )1.What does the author think of the Jiaolong
A.It costs a lot of money.
B.It is better than the Shenhai Yongshi.
C.It has few effects on the ocean exploration.
D.It contributes much to the ocean exploration.
( )2.What can be inferred about ocean exploration in the last paragraph
A.It is a really tough task for humans.
B.It is limited by humans’ knowledge.
C.It needs better international cooperation.
D.It may be fulfilled by humans in the future.
( )3.What does the underlined part refer to in the sentence “…we are all becoming part of a global mission to open up our planet’s final frontier.”
A.The ocean. B.The resource.
C.The land. D.The space.
( )4.What’s the author’s attitude towards ocean exploration
A.Indifferent. B.Negative.
C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.
Task 3: Micro-writing
Today, some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail, there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored, 1. humans have few detailed maps of Earth’s own sea bed.
The 2. (explore) of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields. The archaeological finds offer humans 3. window into a fascinating period in our history. However, we are only beginning to overcome the challenges of pressure, darkness and extreme cold at vast depths. Fragments of the past 4. (lie) deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered.
Amazing biological discoveries are also being made. The dark zones of the oceans may contain up to 90 per cent of the planet’s fish. These discoveries all help us understand the capacity for life on our planet, even in the 5. (extreme) circumstances.
Furthermore, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources. China’s underwater vessels 6. (explore) waters at depths of thousands of metres in the past few years. The research 7. (conduct) by these vessels is giving scientists a greater understanding of how the sea bed 8. (form) and helping identify areas for deep-sea drilling.
In spite 9. the tough environment, humankind is 10. (gradual) entering a new age of oceanic discovery through closer international scientific, economic and cultural cooperation.
1.beyond the reach of 超出……的控制/能力范围;无法到达
(教材P76)Being a tough environment of complete darkness, enormous pressure and intense cold, the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration.
深海区域环境恶劣,一片黑暗、压强极大、极度寒冷,长期以来都是人类探索无法企及的区域。
(1)out of/beyond the reach of sb
够不着, 力所不能及之处
within one’s reach 够得着, 触手可及;在某人可以轻松触及和力所能及的范围内
(2)reach v. 伸手;到达;实现
reach (out) for 伸手去抓/够
reach out 伸出
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[2023·浙江1月考] Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was
my own reach.
(2)完成句子
①He the phone and knocked over a glass.
他伸手去拿电话,打翻了一个玻璃杯。(读后续写之动作描写)
②Make sure that you keep all dangerous things the children.
你一定要把所有危险物品放在孩子们够不着的地方。
③When he saw his favourite cat, he to stroke it.
当他看到他最喜欢的猫时, 他伸出手去抚摩它。(读后续写之动作描写)
2.familiar adj. 熟悉的,常见的
(教材P76)Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery, and the world beneath the waves may one day be almost as familiar to us as the land we walk upon today. 人类正走向海洋发现的新时代,或许有朝一日,那海浪下的世界会像现今我们脚下的土地一样为我们所熟悉。
(1)be familiar with sb/sth 对某人/某物熟悉
sth be familiar to sb 某物为某人所熟悉
(2)unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的,不常见的
(3)familiarity n. 熟悉,通晓;认识
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①When I walked into the old house, I had a feeling of (familiar), as if I had been there before.
②Students must learn how to live in an (familiar) environment with limited language skills.
③Having lived in the city for over 20 years, I am quite familiar everything here.
(2)完成句子
His face , but I can’t remember his name at the moment.
他的脸我很熟悉,但我现在记不起他的名字了。
1.(教材P74)Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks. 估计全球水域下沉睡着三百万艘沉船。
全部倒装
句型公式
【句式点拨】
此句使用了全部/完全倒装。此句中,主语是an estimated three million shipwrecks;lying under waters across the globe是be动词后的表语,位于句首,故使用完全倒装。正常的语序应该为“An estimated three million shipwrecks are lying under waters across the globe.”
【相关拓展】
使用完全倒装的情况:
(1)表示地点的副词here, there等位于句首;
(2)表示方向的副词in, out, up, down等位于句首;
(3)表示时间的副词now, then等位于句首;
(4)介词短语in front of, at the back of, in the middle of等位于句首;
(5)用作表语的形容词、分词等位于句首。
如:
①Into the dark apartment walked David, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “happy birthday”.
戴维走进黑暗的公寓套房,当大家喊“生日快乐”时,他很惊讶。(介词短语+动词+主语)
②Opposite is St Paul’s Church, where you can hear some lovely music.
圣保罗教堂就在对面,在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。(副词+系动词+主语)
③Seated in the studio is the professor, along with his two students, receiving the interview now.
坐在演播室里的是这位教授和他的两个学生,现在正在接受采访。(分词短语+系动词+主语)
[温馨提示] 在完全倒装句式中,谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。完全倒装的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
At the foot of the mountain (lie) a village, where people now still live a peaceful life.
(2)完成句子
①Out of the darkness he had never heard before.
黑暗中传来一个他从来没有听过的声音。(读后续写之场景描写)
②Behind the house carrying their good memories with Grandpa.
房子后面是承载着他们与爷爷的美好回忆的森林。
2.(教材P74)Given our limited knowledge, it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields. 考虑到我们的知识有限,探索海洋可以继续带来许多科学领域的发现,这也许就显得不足为奇了。
it作形式主语
句型公式
【句式点拨】
本句中it 为形式主语,真正的主语为 that exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields。为了避免句子头重脚轻,故用 it 作形式主语,这种用法在英语中很常见。
【相关拓展】
当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子的主语时,为保持句子平衡,通常把真正的主语放在句末,而在句首使用形式主语it。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] With the rise of technology it is easy for people (make) observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application.
(2)完成句子
① Mathilde met Jeanne in the park in Paris after ten years.
十年后玛蒂尔德和让娜在巴黎一个公园里碰巧相遇了。
② to give you a lecture on how to improve the English reading comprehension.
应邀给你们做关于如何提高英语阅读理解能力的讲座,我深感荣幸。(应用文写作之演讲致辞)Period Three Developing ideas
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.The company’s sales figures have been trending (向上), resulting in a more even distribution of profits among its shareholders.
2.Firstly, we’d better have a balanced diet. (另外), what matters a lot is setting aside enough time for daily exercise.
3.The (显著的) increase in production costs has led to a significant rise in overall expenses for the company.
4.The scientist conducted experiments to determine the chemical properties of the new (物质) discovered in the lab.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.The expo is believed (be) a great success and has attracted numerous visitors from home and abroad.
2.It is known that the helicopter crashed into a hilly area in foggy conditions, and the cause of the crash is still under
(investigate).
3.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the (remain) weeks.
4.Workers finished the (drill) on Saturday, laying a foundation for the construction of the 16-km tunnel.
5.Thinking that you know in fact you don’t know is a serious mistake.
6.When the police ran after the person suspected of theft , he made getaway and disappeared at the corner of the street.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.It is understandable and acceptable that they tend to (避开) these sensitive issues at such critical moments.
2.Taking this approach provides the inventor with time to (试探,考验)
on his or her invention.
3.You must (三思而后行) before making important decisions during the course of life.
4.After being dismissed early from work yesterday, John quickly (出发) for the gym to begin his fitness routine.
5.The police (调查) the cause of the traffic accident soon and solved it as anticipated .
6.Despite his initial excitement about the project, he began to (避免)the challenges ahead as the deadline approached.
7.When the bear appeared out of the bushes, he had no choice but to
(逃命), running as fast as he could to reach safety.
8.Before you leave the library, don’t forget to (检查,查看) the latest bestsellers that just arrived.
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1. the team won the championship after months of intense training and dedication.(形式主语)
毫不奇怪的是,经过数月的紧张训练和投入,队伍赢得了冠军。
2. just now, seeking shelter from the sudden storm.(倒装句)
刚才进来了一群徒步旅行者,他们想躲避突如其来的暴风雨。
3. , I’m willing to be your guide, such as booking a hotel or treating you to some bites of snacks.(省略)
如果有必要,我愿意做你的向导,比如帮你预订酒店或请你吃些小吃。
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·山西太原高二期末]
Army ants are mainly distributed in South America and Africa and mostly live in the Amazon River basin. They like to live in groups, generally one or two million ants in a group. They are migratory and have no fixed places. When encountering obstacles such as gaps, army ants are able to connect their bodies to each other and build a bridge for large groups of ants to pass through, saving crawling distance. The bridge can be built and removed very quickly, in seconds.
Christopher Reid of the University of Sydney’s Insect Behaviour and Ecology Laboratory, said that when studying the ant bridge, he initially assumed that once the ant bridge was built, the two end positions of the bridge would be fixed, and the bridge itself would be relatively stationary (不动的).
However, after observation, it was found that the ant bridge would constantly change according to the army ants’ knowledge of the outside world. The ant bridge can move slowly from the original position, and the army ants will increase the number of ants in the bridge, and extend the length of the bridge, so that other ants may save a lot of efforts by using the ant bridge instead of taking other routes. In this way, it can continuously compress the distance to the target area.
Meanwhile, the researchers have also found that the changing ant bridge does not always achieve the shortest distance. When the bridge is extended to a certain extent, the number of ants involved in the construction of the ant bridge will not continue to increase, and the length of the bridge will stop growing.
Researchers believe that army ants use the best methods in the construction of bridges. Since the ants involved in building the bridge are unable to participate in other work, the colony stops putting in more ants as soon as it finds that the number of ants put into extending the bridge is out of balance with the number of ants needed for other jobs.
( )1.What is mainly introduced about army ants in Paragraph 1
A.Their migration.
B.Their distribution.
C.Their living habits.
D.Their hunting targets.
( )2.What did the research find about the bridge built by army ants
A.It becomes longer constantly.
B.It keeps unchanged once built.
C.It achieves the shortest distance.
D.It is adjusted according to the needs.
( )3.What does the underlined word “compress” mean in Paragraph 3
A.Reduce. B.Calculate.
C.Neglect. D.Judge.
( )4.What is the writing purpose of the text
A.To stress the importance of cooperation.
B.To explain army ants’ incredible strength.
C.To show army ants’ collective intelligence.
D.To indicate the harmony between nature and humans.
●Ⅵ 完形填空
On a hot summer day when I was 13, I was bored in my attic (阁楼) bedroom. Thinking about how to 1 that boredom, I leaned sideways, and my hand landed on a floorboard, which 2 up and almost hit me in the head.
When I looked inside the open space 3 , there was something like a book. I 4 it out. It was old and small: Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations. I wondered whom these quotations were supposed to be 5 to, because I’d never heard of this book. And 6 I was bored, I decided to see what was inside the book. I started to 7 the pages, reading about different 8 . I learned about comfort, hope, love and even loneliness.
I began spending all my free time reading Bartlett’s. It felt like a new world 9 before me. I learned about different quotes and phrases, and I got to 10 how language could be used to 11 complex emotions. I also realized how those emotions I’d felt while reading Bartlett’s became 12 in the characters I encountered in novels.
When I went to college, Bartlett’s came with me. Over the years, I’ve kept my 13 copy, which I still often refer to. I’ve bought a few of the newer 14 , but the first one is the one that 15 me, and helped me escape from the boredom, and see more than my young mind and heart could understand.
( )1.A.relieve B.knock
C.experience D.defend
( )2.A.picked B.turned
C.popped D.came
( )3.A.curiously B.patiently
C.aimlessly D.secretly
( )4.A.let B.pulled
C.reached D.kicked
( )5.A.challenging B.familiar
C.important D.acceptable
( )6.A.although B.after
C.supposing D.since
( )7.A.leaf through B.check out
C.look for D.tear off
( )8.A.cultures B.emotions
C.themes D.lessons
( )9.A.changing B.marching
C.unfolding D.passing
( )10.A.mess B.grasp
C.anticipate D.question
( )11.A.identify B.hide
C.control D.express
( )12.A.alive B.misty
C.mixed D.mild
( )13.A.original B.special
C.hand-held D.complete
( )14.A.works B.styles
C.products D.editions
( )15.A.shocked B.sheltered
C.liberated D.defined(共60张PPT)
Period Three
Developing ideas
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
练习册
Task 1： Fast Reading
sea bed
Biological
natural resources
oceanic discovery
Task 2： Careful Reading
( ) 1.What does the author think of the Jiaolong
A.It costs a lot of money.
B.It is better than the Shenhai Yongshi.
C.It has few effects on the ocean exploration.
D.It contributes much to the ocean exploration.
√
( ) 2.What can be inferred about ocean exploration in the
last paragraph
A.It is a really tough task for humans.
B.It is limited by humans' knowledge.
C.It needs better international cooperation.
D.It may be fulfilled by humans in the future.
√
( ) 3.What does the underlined part refer to in the
sentence “…we are all becoming part of a global mission to
open up our planet's final frontier.”
A.The ocean. B.The resource.
C.The land. D.The space.
( ) 4.What's the author's attitude towards ocean exploration
A.Indifferent. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.
√
√
Task 3： Micro-writing
Today， some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，
there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored，
1._____ humans have few detailed maps of Earth's own sea bed.
The 2.___________ (explore) of the oceans continues to lead
to discoveries in various scientific fields. The archaeological finds
offer humans 3.___ window into a fascinating period in our
history. However， we are only beginning to overcome the
challenges of pressure， darkness and extreme cold at vast
but
exploration
a
depths. Fragments of the past 4.______ (lie) deep beneath the
oceans are still waiting to be discovered.
Amazing biological discoveries are also being made. The
dark zones of the oceans may contain up to 90 per cent of the
planet's fish. These discoveries all help us understand the
capacity for life on our planet， even in the 5.______________
(extreme) circumstances.
Furthermore， the oceans are a valuable source of natural
resources. China's underwater vessels 6.____________________
lying
most extreme
have been exploring
(explore) waters at depths of thousands of metres in the past
few years. The research 7.___________ (conduct) by these vessels
is giving scientists a greater understanding of how the sea bed
8.____________ (form) and helping identify areas for deep-sea
drilling.
In spite 9.___ the tough environment， humankind is
10.__________ (gradual) entering a new age of oceanic discovery
through closer international scientific， economic and cultural
cooperation.
conducted
was formed
of
gradually
1.beyond the reach of 超出……的控制/能力范围；无法到达
(教材P76)Being a tough environment of complete darkness，
enormous pressure and intense cold， the ocean depths have
long been beyond the reach of human exploration.
深海区域环境恶劣，一片黑暗、压强极大、极度寒冷，长期以来都
是人类探索无法企及的区域。
(1)out of/beyond the reach of sb
够不着， 力所不能及之处
within one's reach 够得着， 触手可及;在某人可以轻松
触及和力所能及的范围内
(2)reach v. 伸手；到达；实现
reach (out) for 伸手去抓/够
reach out 伸出
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[2023·浙江1月考] Yet as the months of reducing waste continued，
I did what I could that was _______my own reach.
within
(2)完成句子
①He _________________ the phone and knocked over a glass.
他伸手去拿电话，打翻了一个玻璃杯。(读后续写之动作描写)
reached (out) for
②Make sure that you keep all dangerous things __________
______________________ the children.
你一定要把所有危险物品放在孩子们够不着的地方。
out of/ beyond the reach of
③When he saw his favourite cat， he _____________________
to stroke it.
当他看到他最喜欢的猫时， 他伸出手去抚摩它。(读后续写之动作描写)
reached out his hand
2.familiar adj. 熟悉的，常见的
(教材P76)Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery，
and the world beneath the waves may one day be almost as
familiar to us as the land we walk upon today. 人类正走向海洋
发现的新时代，或许有朝一日，那海浪下的世界会像现今我们脚下
的土地一样为我们所熟悉。
(1)be familiar with sb/sth 对某人/某物熟悉
sth be familiar to sb 某物为某人所熟悉
(2)unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的，不常见的
(3)familiarity n. 熟悉，通晓；认识
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①When I walked into the old house， I had a feeling of
__________ (familiar)， as if I had been there before.
②Students must learn how to live in an __________ (familiar)
environment with limited language skills.
③Having lived in the city for over 20 years， I am quite
familiar _____ everything here.
familiarity
unfamiliar
with
(2)完成句子
His face _____________________， but I can't remember his
name at the moment.
他的脸我很熟悉，但我现在记不起他的名字了。
is very familiar to me
1.(教材P74)Lying under waters across the globe are an
estimated three million shipwrecks. 估计全球水域下沉睡着三百
万艘沉船。
句型公式
全部倒装
【句式点拨】
此句使用了全部/完全倒装。此句中，主语是an estimated three
million shipwrecks；lying under waters across the globe是be动词
后的表语，位于句首，故使用完全倒装。正常的语序应该为“An
estimated three million shipwrecks are lying under waters across
the globe.”
【相关拓展】
使用完全倒装的情况:
(1)表示地点的副词here， there等位于句首;
(2)表示方向的副词in， out， up， down等位于句首;
(3)表示时间的副词now， then等位于句首;
(4)介词短语in front of， at the back of， in the middle of等位
于句首;
(5)用作表语的形容词、分词等位于句首。
如:
①Into the dark apartment walked David， who was quite
surprised when everyone shouted “happy birthday”.
戴维走进黑暗的公寓套房，当大家喊“生日快乐”时，他很惊讶。
(介词短语+动词+主语)
②Opposite is St Paul's Church， where you can hear some
lovely music.
圣保罗教堂就在对面，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。
(副词+系动词+主语)
③Seated in the studio is the professor， along with his two
students， receiving the interview now.
坐在演播室里的是这位教授和他的两个学生，现在正在接受采访。
(分词短语+系动词+主语)
［温馨提示］在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一
致。完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
At the foot of the mountain ____ (lie) a village， where people
now still live a peaceful life.
lies
(2)完成句子
①Out of the darkness ______________ he had never heard
before.
黑暗中传来一个他从来没有听过的声音。(读后续写之场景描写)
came a voice
②Behind the house _________________ carrying their good
memories with Grandpa.
房子后面是承载着他们与爷爷的美好回忆的森林。
is/was the forest
2.(教材P74)Given our limited knowledge， it is perhaps no
surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to lead to
discoveries in various scientific fields. 考虑到我们的知识有限，
探索海洋可以继续带来许多科学领域的发现，这也许就显得不足为
奇了。
句型公式
it作形式主语
【句式点拨】
本句中it 为形式主语，真正的主语为 that exploration of the
oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields。
为了避免句子头重脚轻，故用 it 作形式主语，这种用法在英语中很
常见。
【相关拓展】
当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子的主语时，为保持句
子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] With the rise of technology it is easy for
people _________ (make) observations of different species with
the aid of a mobile application.
to make
(2)完成句子
①_________________ Mathilde met Jeanne in the park in Paris
after ten years.
十年后玛蒂尔德和让娜在巴黎一个公园里碰巧相遇了。
It happened that
②_______________________________________ to give you a
lecture on how to improve the English reading comprehension.
应邀给你们做关于如何提高英语阅读理解能力的讲座，我深感荣幸。
(应用文写作之演讲致辞)
It's a great honour for me to be invited
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.The company's sales figures have been trending _________
(向上), resulting in a more even distribution of profits among
its shareholders.
upwards
2.Firstly, we'd better have a balanced diet. ____________ (另外),
what matters a lot is setting aside enough time for daily
exercise.
Furthermore
1
2
3
4
3.The ________ (显著的) increase in production costs has led to
a significant rise in overall expenses for the company.
notable
4.The scientist conducted experiments to determine the chemical
properties of the new __________ (物质) discovered in the lab.
substance
1
2
3
4
Ⅱ 单句填空
1.The expo is believed ______________ (be) a great success and
has attracted numerous visitors from home and abroad.
to have been
2.It is known that the helicopter crashed into a hilly area in
foggy conditions, and the cause of the crash is still under
_____________(investigate).
investigation
3.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set
up a timetable for the __________ (remain) weeks.
remaining
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.Workers finished the ________ (drill) on Saturday, laying a
foundation for the construction of the 16-km tunnel.
drilling
5.Thinking that you know ______ in fact you don't know is a
serious mistake.
what
6.When the police ran after the person suspected of theft, he
made ___ getaway and disappeared at the corner of the street.
a
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅲ 短语填空
1.It is understandable and acceptable that they tend to
______________ (避开) these sensitive issues at such critical
moments.
steer clear of
2.Taking this approach provides the inventor with time to
_______________(试探,考验)on his or her invention.
test the waters
3.You must ___________ (三思而后行) before making important
decisions during the course of life.
think twice
4.After being dismissed early from work yesterday, John quickly
________ (出发) for the gym to begin his fitness routine.
set out
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5.The police ____________ (调查) the cause of the traffic
accident soon and solved it as anticipated.
looked into
6.Despite his initial excitement about the project, he began to
____________ (避免)the challenges ahead as the deadline
approached.
shrink from
7.When the bear appeared out of the bushes, he had no choice
but to _______________ (逃命), running as fast as he could to
reach safety.
run for his life
8.Before you leave the library, don't forget to __________
(检查，查看) the latest bestsellers that just arrived.
check out
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅳ 句型训练
1.______________________ the team won the championship after
months of intense training and dedication.(形式主语)
毫不奇怪的是，经过数月的紧张训练和投入，队伍赢得了冠军。
It was no surprise that
2.__________________________ just now, seeking shelter from
the sudden storm.(倒装句)
刚才进来了一群徒步旅行者，他们想躲避突如其来的暴风雨。
In came a group of hikers
1
2
3
3.____________, I'm willing to be your guide, such as booking a
hotel or treating you to some bites of snacks.(省略)
如果有必要，我愿意做你的向导，比如帮你预订酒店或请你吃些小吃。
If necessary
1
2
3
Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·山西太原高二期末]
Army ants are mainly distributed in South America and
Africa and mostly live in the Amazon River basin. They like to
live in groups， generally one or two million ants in a group.
They are migratory and have no fixed places.
1
2
3
4
When encountering obstacles such as gaps, army ants are able to
connect their bodies to each other and build a bridge for large
groups of ants to pass through, saving crawling distance. The
bridge can be built and removed very quickly, in seconds.
1
2
3
4
Christopher Reid of the University of Sydney's Insect
Behaviour and Ecology Laboratory, said that when studying the
ant bridge, he initially assumed that once the ant bridge was
built, the two end positions of the bridge would be fixed, and
the bridge itself would be relatively stationary (不动的).
However, after observation, it was found that the ant bridge
would constantly change according to the army ants' knowledge
of the outside world. The ant bridge can move slowly from the
original position, and the army ants will increase the number of
ants in the bridge, and extend the length of the bridge, so that
1
2
3
4
other ants may save a lot of efforts by using the ant bridge
instead of taking other routes. In this way, it can continuously
compress the distance to the target area.
Meanwhile, the researchers have also found that the
changing ant bridge does not always achieve the shortest
distance. When the bridge is extended to a certain extent, the
number of ants involved in the construction of the ant bridge
will not continue to increase, and the length of the bridge will
stop growing.
1
2
3
4
Researchers believe that army ants use the best methods in
the construction of bridges. Since the ants involved in building
the bridge are unable to participate in other work, the colony
stops putting in more ants as soon as it finds that the number
of ants put into extending the bridge is out of balance with the
number of ants needed for other jobs.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了军蚁的生活习性和在
建造蚁桥时展现出的智慧。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.What is mainly introduced about army ants in
Paragraph 1
A.Their migration. B.Their distribution.
C.Their living habits. D.Their hunting targets.
[解析] 推理判断题。通读第一段可知，本段主要介绍了军蚁的生活
习性，如它们喜欢群居，一般一个群体有一两百万只，它们有迁徙
的习惯，没有固定的住所，遇到障碍时可以连接身体建造蚁桥等。
故选C项。
√
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.What did the research find about the bridge built by
army ants
A.It becomes longer constantly.
B.It keeps unchanged once built.
C.It achieves the shortest distance.
D.It is adjusted according to the needs.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, after observation, it
was found that the ant bridge would constantly change
according to the army ants' knowledge of the outside world.”可
知，军蚁建桥时会根据需要不断调整。故选D项。
√
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What does the underlined word “compress” mean in
Paragraph 3
A.Reduce. B.Calculate. C.Neglect. D.Judge.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据前文“The ant bridge can move slowly
from the original position, and the army ants will increase the
number of ants in the bridge， and extend the length of the
bridge, so that other ants may save a lot of efforts by using
the ant bridge instead of taking other routes.”可知，军蚁在建桥
时会增加蚂蚁的数量，延长桥梁的长度，这样其他蚂蚁就可以节省
很多精力，而不是走其他路线。因此，军蚁建桥的目的是不断“减少”
到达目标区域的距离，所以compress在这里的意思是“减少”，和A项
意思相近。故选A项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.What is the writing purpose of the text
A.To stress the importance of cooperation.
B.To explain army ants' incredible strength.
C.To show army ants' collective intelligence.
D.To indicate the harmony between nature and humans.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researchers believe that army
ants use the best methods in the construction of bridges.”以及
全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了军蚁的集体智慧，可以建造蚁桥并
根据外界情况不断调整蚁桥等，因此本文的写作目的是展示军蚁的
集体智慧。故选C项。
√
1
2
3
4
Ⅵ 完形填空
On a hot summer day when I was 13, I was bored in my
attic (阁楼) bedroom. Thinking about how to . .1. . that boredom,
I leaned sideways, and my hand landed on a floorboard,
which . .2. . up and almost hit me in the head.
When I looked inside the open space . .3. ., there was
something like a book. I . .4. . it out. It was old and small:
Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. I wondered whom these quotations
were supposed to be . .5. . to, because I'd never heard of this
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
book. And . .6. . I was bored, I decided to see what was inside
the book. I started to . .7. . the pages, reading about
different . .8. .. I learned about comfort, hope, love and even
loneliness.
I began spending all my free time reading Bartlett's. It felt
like a new world . .9. . before me. I learned about different
quotes and phrases, and I got to . .10. . how language could be
used to . .plex emotions. I also realized how those
emotions I'd felt while reading Bartlett's became . .12. . in the
characters I encountered in novels.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
When I went to college, Bartlett's came with me. Over the
years, I've kept my . .13. . copy, which I still often refer to. I've
bought a few of the newer . .14. ., but the first one is the one
that . .15. . me, and helped me escape from the boredom, and
see more than my young mind and heart could understand.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者无意中发现
的一本书给作者打开了一个新的世界，也影响了作者的一生。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 1.A.relieve B.knock C.experience D.defend
[解析] 根据上文中的“On a hot summer day when I was 13, I
was bored in my attic (阁楼) bedroom.”可知，作者在炎热的夏天
感到有些无聊，由此可知，此处是指作者在想如何“缓解”这种无聊。
故选A。relieve缓解；knock敲打；experience体验；defend防御。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 2.A.picked B.turned C.popped D.came
[解析] 根据上文中的“…my hand landed on a floorboard…”可知，
作者的手放在地板上，结合下文中的“…and almost hit me in the
head.”可知，地板差点打到作者的头，由此可知，此处应为地板“突
然弹出来”，pop up意为“突然弹出来”。故选C。pick采；turn转向；
pop冷不防冒出；come来。
( ) 3.A.curiously B.patiently C.aimlessly D.secretly
[解析] 根据语境和上文中的“When I looked inside the open
space…”可知，作者应是“好奇地”向里面看。故选A。curiously好奇地；
patiently耐心地；aimlessly漫无目的地；secretly秘密地。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 4.A.let B.pulled C.reached D.kicked
[解析] 根据上文中的“…there was something like a book.”可知，
作者看到里面有一个像书一样的东西，所以，此处指的是作者把它
从地板下面拿出来。故选B。let让；pull拿出，拉；reach到达；kick踢。
( ) 5.A.challenging B.familiar C.important D.acceptable
[解析] 根据下文中的“…because I'd never heard of this book.”可
知，作者自己从未听说过这本书，所以想知道谁“熟悉”这些语录。故
选B。challenging具有挑战性的；familiar熟悉的；important重要的；
acceptable可接受的。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 6.A.although B.after C.supposing D.since
[解析] 下文中的“…I was bored， I decided to see what was
inside the book.”为因果关系，所以此处应为“因为”。故选D。
although尽管，after在……之后；supposing假定；since因为。
( ) 7.A.leaf through B.check out
C.look for D.tear off
[解析] 根据下文中的“…reading about different…”以及“I learned
about comfort, hope, love and even loneliness.”可知，此处指作者
开始“翻阅”书籍。故选A。leaf through翻阅；check out调查；look
for寻找；tear off扯掉。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 8.A.cultures B.emotions C.themes D.lessons
[解析] 根据下文中的“I learned about comfort, hope, love and
even loneliness.”可知，作者在读书的时候，了解到了很多与情绪相
关的知识。故选B。culture文化；emotion情绪；theme主题；lesson
课，教训。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 9.A.changing B.marching C.unfolding D.passing
[解析] 根据下文中的“I learned about different quotes and
phrases, and I got to…how language could be used to…complex
emotions.”可知，作者通过阅读这本书，学到了很多不同的引语和短
语等，故此处指的是这本书为作者“打开”了一个新的世界。故选C。
change改变；march行进；unfold打开；pass通过。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 10.A.mess B.grasp C.anticipate D.question
[解析] 根据上文中的“It felt like a new world…before me. I
learned about different quotes and phrases…”可知，这本书为作
者打开了一个新世界，作者从中学到了很多不同的引语和短语，此
处讲述的仍是作者从这本书中得到的收获，所以此处为“掌握”。故选
B。mess弄乱；grasp掌握；anticipate期望；question提问。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 11.A.identify B.hide C.control D.express
[解析] 根据上文中的“I learned about different quotes and
phrases…”以及下文中的“I also realized how those emotions I'd
felt while reading Bartlett's became…in the characters I
encountered in novels.”可知，作者从这本书中学到了很多知识，结
合下文中的complex emotions可知，此处讲述的是作者知道了语言
是如何被用来“表达”复杂的情绪的。故选D。identify识别；hide隐藏；
control控制；express表达。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 12.A.alive B.misty C.mixed D.mild
[解析] 根据上文中的“I also realized how those emotions I'd felt
while reading Bartlett's…”可知，此处讲述作者在阅读这本书时的感
受，结合下文中的“…in the characters I encountered in novels.”可
知，此处提到了作者在小说中遇到的一些人物角色，故此处指的是
作者受这本书的影响，能感受到那些情绪是如何在他读过的小说中
的人物身上变得生动的。故选A。alive有生气的；misty模糊的；
mixed混合的；mild温和的。
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( ) 13.A.original B.special C.hand-held D.complete
[解析] 根据上文中的“When I went to college, Bartlett's came
with me.”可知，作者始终保存着这本书，结合下文中的“…which I
still often refer to.”可知，此处指的是作者保存的“原始的”版本。故
选A。original原始的，最初的；special特别的；hand-held手持的；
complete完全的。
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( ) 14.A.works B.styles C.products D.editions
[解析] 根据上文中的“I've bought a few of the newer…”以及下文
中的“…but the first one is the one…”可知，此处指的是作者拿新
买的“版本”与最早保存的那本做比较，来说明最早的一版对作者的影
响深远。故选D。work作品；style风格；product产品；edition版本。
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( ) 15.A.shocked B.sheltered C.liberated D.defined
[解析] 根据下文中的“…helped me escape from the boredom,
and see more than my young mind and heart could
understand.”可知，最早的一版书让作者摆脱了无聊，看到了年轻的
头脑和心灵无法理解的东西，故此处指的是最早的一版书“解放”了作
者。故选C。shock使震惊；shelter保护，掩蔽；liberate解放；
define阐明，明确。
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