Unit 6 Space and beyond
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
【课前自主探究】
Task 1 Fast Reading
1.lunar/Moon landing 2.launch/take-off 3.explosion
4.resuming/restart 5.significance
Task 2 Careful Reading
1—4 BCBB
Task 3 Micro-writing
1.have become 2.Following 3.off 4.excitement
5.What 6.an 7.Tragically 8.disastrous 9.were suspended 10.reaching
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.(1)getting (2)①accustom herself to ②accustomed to talking
2.①my heart in my mouth ②heart and soul ③lose heart
④Learning; by heart
3.(1)①发起 ②发射 (2)will launch a campaign
4.(1)①calls to/on/upon ②call off ③call in/out ④call for
(2)call on/upon students to learn Chinese characters
句型透视
(1)①discovered ②accommodating (2)①organised by our Students’ Union ②located in Tongren CityUnit 6 Space and beyond
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.1.shadow 2.unexceptional 3.crew 4.scream
Ⅱ.1.powerful 2.inspiring 3.to be launched
4.Tragically 5.explosion 6.in 7.involved 8.suspension
Ⅲ.1.her heart in her mouth 2.has been/become accustomed/used to 3.called to 4.cast a shadow on 5.set foot on 6.aware of
Ⅳ.1.What excited Charlie most
2.no matter how/however official
3.pouring heavily
4.arranged by my school
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由于人造照明的增加,夜空的亮度每年以大约10%的速度增长,这导致星星的可见性迅速下降。研究者通过例子说明了这一变化。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“To illustrate the change, researchers gave this example: a child is born where 250 stars are visible on a clear night. By the time that child turns 18, only 100 stars are still visible.”(为了说明这种变化,研究人员举了这样一个例子:在晴朗的夜晚,一个孩子出生时可以看到250颗星星。当这个孩子18岁的时候,只有100颗星星是可见的。)可知,研究者通过一个孩子从出生到18岁时星星可见数量的变化的例子,说明了星星可见性的快速下降。故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But the satellites used weren’t able to detect light with wavelengths towards the blue end of the spectrum (光谱)—including the light from energy-efficient LED bulbs.”以及“The satellites were also better at detecting light that scatters (散射) upward, like a spotlight, than light that scatters horizontally (水平地).”可知,先前使用的卫星无法探测到波长接近光谱蓝色末端的光,包括节能LED灯泡发出的光,同时先前使用的卫星更擅长探测向上散射的光,而不是水平散射的光,所以它的缺点是可能找不到水平的光源。故选D。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Georgetown University biologist Emily Williams, who was not part of the study, said, ‘Skyglow disturbs circadian rhythms in humans and other forms of life. Migratory songbirds normally use starlight to find out where they are in the sky at night. And when sea turtle babies hatch, they use light to orient themselves towards the ocean—light pollution is a huge deal for them.’”(乔治城大学的生物学家Emily Williams没有参与这项研究,她说:“夜空光亮扰乱了人类和其他形式的生命的昼夜节律。迁徙的鸣禽通常在夜间利用星光来确定它们在天空中的位置。当海龟宝宝孵化时,它们利用光来定位海洋——光污染对它们来说是一个巨大的问题。”)可知,Emily Williams提到了光污染对人类和其他生物的生物钟的干扰,以及对迁徙的鸣禽和海龟幼崽导航能力的影响,显示出了她对光污染影响的担心。故选B。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Seeing stars keeps getting more difficult because artificial lighting is making the night sky about 10% brighter each year, according to a study that analysed reports from more than 50,000 amateur stargazers. That’s a much faster rate of change than scientists previously estimated looking at satellite data.”( 一项分析了来自5万多名业余观星者的报告的研究,发现看星星变得越来越困难,因为人工照明使夜空每年变亮10%左右。这比科学家先前通过卫星数据估计的变化速度要快得多。)以及通读全文可知,A选项“Stars are disappearing from the night sky”(星星正在从夜空中消失)可以概括文章主要内容,适合作为标题。故选A。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了为什么有这么多国家对登陆火星感兴趣。
1.D 根据上文“While we’re not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is…”可知,此处会是一个疑问句,内容与登陆火星有关,选项D引出下文,且选项D中的many countries与下文相呼应。故选D。
2.A 根据上文“The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve the first in space flight. The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else.”可知,上文提到了苏联的太空成就,那么此处内容应与美国在太空方面的领先有关,选项A符合文意。故选A。
3.C 根据上文“…there are other reasons we want to get there.”可知,人类要去火星还有其他原因。再根据下文“You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet.”可知,此处内容是说人们去火星的一个原因是有关人类生存的,选项C 中the survival of our species符合上下文语境。故选C。
4.B 根据下文“He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.”可知,此处内容是在具体说明反对的人所持的观点,下一句中的代词 he指的是选项B 中的Neil Tyson。故选B。
5.E 根据上文“It seems that the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life.”可知,此处内容与地球外的生命有关,选项E讲的是火星上可能曾经存在生命,且选项E中at one time 对应下一句中的“Now seemingly dead…”。故选E。
Ⅶ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类探索太空的历史。
1.oldest 考查形容词最高级。根据定冠词the及science known to man可知,空处应填形容词最高级形式oldest “最古老的”,在句中作定语修饰名词science。故填oldest。
2.about 考查介词。wonder about sth“想知道……”为固定搭配。故填about。
3.limited 考查非谓语动词。动词limit与句子主语man构成逻辑上的被动关系,句子应用被动语态,空处应用过去分词形式。故填limited。
4.brightness 考查名词。and连接并列成分,空处与size和colour并列,应用名词brightness “亮度”,作宾语,其为不可数名词。故填brightness。
5.themselves 考查代词。空处代词指代句子主语,故用反身代词themselves在句中作宾语。故填themselves。
6.until/before 考查连词。not…until“直到……才”为固定句式;或空处用before“在……之前”引导时间状语从句。故填until/before。
7.called 考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作非谓语,动词call与逻辑主语planet之间是被动关系,故用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填called。
8.so 考查固定句式。so…that “如此……以至于”为固定句式。故填so。
9.stars 考查名词复数。other后接可数名词复数形式。故填stars。
10.have learned/have learnt 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the last fifty years可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语we是复数,助动词用have。故填have learned/have learnt。Unit 6 Space and beyond
Scientists believed that if they could hit an asteroid(小行星) with an object travelling very fast, they could push the asteroid off the path it was on. So NASA came up with an experiment called the Double Asteroid Redirection Test, or DART.
Engineers built a box-shaped spacecraft that was about the size of a small car and weighed 570 kilograms and equipped it with a special camera and computers that would allow it to find and follow the asteroid they had chosen for the experiment.
Asteroids are rocky objects that move around the Sun. The smallest is the size of a large stone while some are up to 1,000 kilometres in diameter (直径). The asteroid that was the target for this test is called Dimorphos, about 160 metres in diameter, or the size of a football stadium. It orbits (环绕) another larger asteroid, called Didymos. They are more than 7 million kilometres away from Earth and go around the Sun together, once every two years.
The DART spacecraft was sent up in November 2021 and then orbited the Sun for 10 months, following the path of Didymos and Dimorphos. Most of that time, Dimorphos was hidden by the sunlight reflecting off the larger asteroid. On September 26, 2022, the spacecraft’s camera noticed Dimorphos for the first time and its navigation (导航) system began to guide it through space towards its target. About an hour later, it crashed into Dimorphos at more than 22,500 kilometres per hour.
Scientists studied the data and images of the asteroids for the next two weeks and found that the orbit of Dimorphos shortened from 11 hours and 55 minutes to 11 hours and 23 minutes:a 32-minute change. While this may seem like a very small change, it shows that—if a dangerous asteroid is heading towards us—it will be possible to knock it off its course, keeping Earth safe. The chances of Earth actually being hit by an asteroid large enough to cause damage are very small.
【主题词句背诵】
1.come up with 想出
2.target n. 目标
3.send up 发射升空
4.reflect off 反射
5.crash into 撞上
6.shorten v. 缩短
7.Scientists believed that if they could hit an asteroid (小行星) with an object travelling very fast, they could push the asteroid off the path it was on.
科学家们相信,如果他们能用一个行进速度很快的物体撞击小行星,他们就能把小行星推离原来的轨道。
8.The smallest is the size of a large stone while some are up to 1,000 kilometres in diameter (直径).
最小的有一块大石头那么大,而有些直径长达1000千米。
9.The DART spacecraft was sent up in November 2021 and then orbited the Sun for 10 months, following the path of Didymos and Dimorphos.
DART航天器于2021年11月发射升空,然后沿着Didymos和Dimorphos的路径绕太阳运行了10个月。
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
Task 1: Fast Reading
Task 2: Careful Reading
( )1.What was people’s feeling when they watched that first lunar landing
A.Indifferent. B.Nervous.
C.Amazed. D.Proud.
( )2.What was the teacher’s mission on board the Challenger
A.She would teach a physics lesson in space.
B.She was trained to operate the space shuttle.
C.She was supposed to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit.
D.She aimed to complete the objectives of the Challenger programme.
( )3.What can be inferred from the space failure according to Paragraph 3
A.People no longer dare to try the space flight.
B.The space flight has certain risks.
C.People prefer to travel by air.
D.No more civilians will go into space.
( )4.What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage
A.To warn people of the danger of space travel.
B.To inspire people to continue exploring space.
C.To honour McAuliffe, the first civilian in space.
D.To remind people of the most disastrous space accident ever.
Task 3: Micro-writing
The Call of the Challenger
Since the successful lunar landing of Neil Armstrong in the Apollo 11, people 1. (become) accustomed to the notion of space travel. 2. (follow) the Moon landings, the Challenger space shuttle took 3. on 28 January 1986, and millions of people tuned in to witness the launch with 4. (excite). 5. made this take-off so special was that Christa McAuliffe, an ordinary teacher and mother, was on board as the first civilian to travel in space, who was supposed to inspire 6. entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists. 7. (tragic), she never came back as the Challenger exploded just over a minute after taking off. This 8. (disaster) space accident cast a shadow on people’s hearts.
With the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights 9. (suspend) for nearly three years, but there was no doubt that manned flights would continue and we must keep 10. (reach) for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
1.become accustomed to 习惯于(做)某事
(教材P82) Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.
自1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来,人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。
(1)be/get accustomed to doing sth=be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
(2)accustom v. 使习惯
accustom oneself to doing sth 使自己习惯于做某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
He found it difficult to accustom himself to (get) up early on winter mornings.
(2)完成句子
①Jane’s always nervous when she has to make a speech; she must being at ease when she is with people. (accustom)
简在不得不做演讲时总是紧张。她必须使自己习惯与人们自在地相处。
②Tony is a quiet boy and he isn’t at meals. (accustom)
托尼是一个安静的男孩,他习惯于吃饭时不说话。
2.one’s heart in one’s mouth 提心吊胆,十分紧张
(教材P82)Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that could go wrong.
数百万人在黑白电视机上观看了首次登月,他们提心吊胆,因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务,许多地方都可能出错。
lose heart 灰心,丧气
heart and soul 全心全意地
learn sth by heart 记住某事,牢记某事
【活学活用】
完成句子
①The moment I stepped onto the stage to give my speech, I was overwhelmed by nerves, .
当我走上台准备发表演讲时,我感到神经紧张,心里忐忑不安。
②As public servants, it is their duty to serve common people .
作为公务员,全心全意为人民服务是他们的责任。
③Some people when they come across failures while others rise to the challenge and keep on going.
一些人在面对失败之时灰心丧气而另一些人则迎接挑战并继续前进。(读后续写之文末总结句)
④ those grammar rules is a must for the language learning process.
牢记那些语法规则是语言学习过程中必不可少的。(话题写作之语言学习)
3.launch v.发射;发起;(首次)上市 n. (航天器的)发射;(产品的)上市;(事件的)发起
(教材P84)We didn’t have much patience waiting for the launch. 我们迫不及待地等着发射。
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the programme was launched last March.
②Every Chinese shall never forget the day when Shenzhou V was launched.
(2)完成句子
China to draw attention to the dental health of the nation’s children on the annual “China’s Teeth Care Day”, which falls on September 20.
9月20日是一年一度的“全国爱牙日”,中国将在这一天发起一项运动,以引起人们对全国儿童牙齿健康的关注。
4.call to 召唤
(教材P84) The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着我们,提醒我们,不管星空看起来多么遥不可及,我们必须要持之以恒地去探索星空。
call sb out 召唤出动(尤指处理紧急情况)
call at 停靠;(短时间)停留
call for sb 去接某人
call for sth 需要,要求
call on/upon sb 拜访某人
call on/upon sb to do sth
呼吁某人做某事,请求或要求某人做某事
call (sb) in 召来,叫来(服务)
call off 取消
call up 打电话;使回忆起,使想起
【活学活用】
(1)用call 相关短语的适当形式填空
①There is a voice that all of us to embrace this beautiful new world.
②Since the weather is not pleasant, we’ll have to the trip and rearrange our activities.
③They decided to a doctor because the child was not any better.
④Some may the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.
(2)完成句子
In order to , meet new friends and show their artistic skills, Chinese Bridge Chinese Proficiency Competition across the Globe—Calligraphy and Painting Challenge will be scheduled to be from March 20 to May 1.
为了呼吁学生学习汉字、结交新朋友并展示自己的艺术技能,“汉语桥”全球汉语大会——书画展将于3月20日至5月1日举行。(应用文写作之活动介绍)
(教材P82)By the early 1980s, the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle. 20世纪80年代早期,之前美国太空计划中使用的大型火箭已被航天飞机所代替。
过去分词(短语)作定语
句型公式
【句式点拨】
previously used in the American space programme是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰前面的名词rockets,相当于定语从句that/which were previously used in the American space programme。
【归纳拓展】
当名词与非谓语是逻辑上的被动关系,且表示已经完成或者没有时间意义时,要用过去分词作定语。如果名词与非谓语是逻辑上的主动关系,则要用现在分词作定语。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①So far nobody has claimed the mobile phone (discover) in the library.
②The newly-built hotel is a place with modern style (accommodate) 300 people at once.
(2)完成句子
①[2023·浙江1月考] Last weekend, I participated in a “Getting to know the plants around us” activity .
上周末,我参加了我们学生会组织的“了解我们周围的植物”活动。(应用文写作之新闻报道)
②Fanjing Mountain, ,Guizhou Province,has made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List.
位于贵州省铜仁市的梵净山已被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。(话题写作之遗产保护)Unit 6 Space and beyond
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.Although the (阴影) of doubt lingered for a moment, she quickly dismissed it and moved forward with confidence.
2.To our shock, he went to an (平常的) state school, not a fancy private one.
3.The c of the stranded ship was forced to abandon their vessel and wait for rescue on a nearby island.
4.As she raised her head towards the sky, she let out a long, piercing s that echoed through the valley.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.The Chinese idiom is one of the priceless legacies deeply rooted in traditional culture, making Chinese language more (power), more functional and thereby , more fascinating.
2.Ancient, (inspire), and beautiful, the canal appeals to visitors like no other place on the Earth.
3.To promote sales, a campaign is scheduled (launch) next month.
4. (tragical), the immune system’s attack can be hazardous and even life-threatening.
5.Due to a population (explode) in the past ten years, the competition for jobs is increasingly fierce.
6.I’m excited to join my friends celebrating their new business venture this weekend.
7.The report highlights the numerous organizations and individuals (involve) in the relief efforts following the natural disaster.
8.The school announced a (suspend)of classes due to the severe weather conditions, ensuring the safety of all students and staff.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.She heard the terrible noise while walking in the forest, which brought (令她提心吊胆).
2.He (习惯) the tropical climate in the area since he stayed there ten years ago.
3.The beautiful scenery and fresh air of the mountains (召唤)us and invited us to escape the hustle of city life for a weekend getaway .
4.The terrible car accident that happened in the boyhood (给……留下阴影) his young mind.
5.When I (踏上) the island for the first time, I was struck by the beautiful scenery.
6.Though clearly (意识到)the danger ahead, he accepted the task without having second thoughts .
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1. was that he ultimately succeeded in what seemed to be the most challenging task.
最令查利(Charlie)兴奋的是他终于成功完成了看似最具挑战性的任务。
2.Don’t respond to any e-mails requesting personal information, they look.
不要回复任何要求提供个人信息的电子邮件,不管它们看起来有多正式。
3.The rain , the hikers quickly sought shelter under the nearest tree, shivering with cold.(独立主格结构)
雨下得很大,徒步旅行者们迅速到最近的树下避雨,冷得发抖。
4.I waited for many hours to buy the ticket to the concert, but unfortunately, I will have to attend a very important speech .(非谓语)
我等了很多小时才买到音乐会的票,但不幸的是,我将必须参加学校安排的一场非常重要的演讲。
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
Twinkle Twinkle Little Star could eventually become less of a baby lullaby and more of an elegy (挽歌).
Seeing stars keeps getting more difficult because artificial lighting is making the night sky about 10% brighter each year, according to a study that analysed reports from more than 50,000 amateur stargazers. That’s a much faster rate of change than scientists previously estimated looking at satellite data.
To illustrate the change, researchers gave this example: a child is born where 250 stars are visible on a clear night. By the time that child turns 18, only 100 stars are still visible. “We are losing, year by year, the possibility to see the stars, which has been a universal human experience,” said Fabio Falchi, a physicist at Chile’s University of Santiago de Compostela. “If you can still see the dimmest stars, you are in a very dark place. But if you see only the brightest ones, you are in a very light-polluted place.”
“Prior studies of artificial lighting, which used satellite images of the Earth at night, had estimated the annual increase in sky brightness to be about 2% a year,” said Christopher Kyba, a physicist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam.
But the satellites used weren’t able to detect light with wavelengths towards the blue end of the spectrum (光谱)—including the light from energy-efficient LED bulbs. More than half of the new outdoor lights installed in the United States in the past decade have been LED lights, according to the researchers. The satellites were also better at detecting light that scatters (散射) upward, like a spotlight, than light that scatters horizontally (水平地).
Georgetown University biologist Emily Williams, who was not part of the study, said, “Skyglow disturbs circadian rhythms in humans and other forms of life. Migratory songbirds normally use starlight to find out where they are in the sky at night. And when sea turtle babies hatch, they use light to orient themselves towards the ocean—light pollution is a huge deal for them.”
( )1.What did the researchers’ example indicate in Paragraph 3
A.The rapid decrease in star visibility.
B.The severity of outdoor air pollution.
C.Children’s fondness for a clear night sky.
D.People’s regret for lost childhood activities.
( )2.Which of the following was a disadvantage of satellites used in previous studies
A.It couldn’t discover the blue colour.
B.It failed to detect the spectrum.
C.It was sensitive to light from LED bulbs.
D.It might not find horizontal light sources.
( )3.What is Emily Williams’ attitude to the effects of light pollution
A.Tolerant. B.Concerned.
C.Unclear. D.Doubtful.
( )4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Stars are disappearing from the night sky
B.The meaning behind a traditional baby song
C.Light pollution harms wildlife and ecosystems
D.Satellites used in measuring night sky brightness
●Ⅵ 阅读七选五
It sounds like something from science fiction—a space journey into the vast expanse of space, heading towards Mars. While we’re not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is: 1.
The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve the first in space flight. The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else. 2. Now it appears that Mars is the heavenly body of desire. While the reputation and bragging (吹嘘) rights to be the first nation to touch down on Mars is an obvious draw, there are other reasons we want to get there.
3. You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. While Mars doesn’t have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there’s always the concept of terraforming (地球化)—changing the environment of a planet to suit our needs.
However, not everyone agrees. 4. He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.
It seems that the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial(地球外的) life. 5. Now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet. One theory is that bacterial life on our planet didn’t start here, but was transferred via an asteroid (小行星) from Mars.
A.And the US landed on the moon first.
B.Leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them.
C.One of these could be the survival of our species.
D.Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars
E.It has been believed that, at one time, Mars was abundant with life.
F.Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason enough.
G.May landing on Mars inspire more people to become interested in science
●Ⅶ 语法填空
[2024·重庆第八中学高二期末]
Astronomy is the 1. (old) science known to man. Thousands of years ago, man looked at the stars and wondered 2. the heavens. But man was 3. (limit) by the six planets that he could see only with his eyes alone. The Greeks studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago. They could see the size, colour, and 4. (bright) of a star. They could see its place in the sky. They watched the stars move as the seasons changed. But the Greeks had no tools to help 5. (they) study the heavens. Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach out into space. Man didn’t know much about the moon6. there were telescopes.
He did not know that the planet 7. (call) Saturn had rings around it. His sight was 8. weak that he could not see all the planets. In the early 1700s, people thought there were only six planets. Before the spectroscope, man did not know what kind of gas was around the sun or other 9. (star). Without the radio telescope, we did not know that radio noises came from far in space. Today, astronomy is a growing science. We 10. (learn) more in the last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy. (共75张PPT)
Scientists believed that if they could hit an asteroid
(小行星) with an object travelling very fast， they could push
the asteroid off the path it was on. So NASA came up with
an experiment called the Double Asteroid Redirection Test， or
DART.
Engineers built a box-shaped spacecraft that was about the
size of a small car and weighed 570 kilograms and equipped it
with a special camera and computers that would allow it to find
and follow the asteroid they had chosen for the experiment.
Asteroids are rocky objects that move around the Sun. The
smallest is the size of a large stone while some are up to
1,000 kilometres in diameter (直径). The asteroid that was the
target for this test is called Dimorphos， about 160 metres in
diameter， or the size of a football stadium. It orbits (环绕)
another larger asteroid， called Didymos. They are more than 7
million kilometres away from Earth and go around the Sun
together， once every two years.
The DART spacecraft was sent up in November 2021
and then orbited the Sun for 10 months， following the
path of Didymos and Dimorphos. Most of that time，
Dimorphos was hidden by the sunlight reflecting off the larger
asteroid. On September 26， 2022， the spacecraft's camera
noticed Dimorphos for the first time and its navigation (导航)
system began to guide it through space towards its target.
About an hour later， it crashed into Dimorphos at more than
22，500 kilometres per hour.
Scientists studied the data and images of the asteroids for
the next two weeks and found that the orbit of Dimorphos
shortened from 11 hours and 55 minutes to 11 hours and 23
minutes:a 32-minute change. While this may seem like a very
small change， it shows that—if a dangerous asteroid is
heading towards us—it will be possible to knock it off its course，
keeping Earth safe. The chances of Earth actually being hit by
an asteroid large enough to cause damage are very small.
【主题词句背诵】
1.come up with 想出
2.target n. 目标
3.send up 发射升空
4.reflect off 反射
5.crash into 撞上
6.shorten v. 缩短
7.Scientists believed that if they could hit an asteroid (小行星)
with an object travelling very fast， they could push the
asteroid off the path it was on.
科学家们相信，如果他们能用一个行进速度很快的物体撞击小行星，
他们就能把小行星推离原来的轨道。
8.The smallest is the size of a large stone while some are up to
1,000 kilometres in diameter (直径).
最小的有一块大石头那么大，而有些直径长达1000千米。
9.The DART spacecraft was sent up in November 2021 and then
orbited the Sun for 10 months， following the path of Didymos
and Dimorphos.
DART航天器于2021年11月发射升空，然后沿着Didymos和
Dimorphos的路径绕太阳运行了10个月。
Period One
Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
练习册
Task 1： Fast Reading
lunar/Moon landing
launch/take-off
explosion
resuming/restart
significance
Task 2： Careful Reading
( ) 1.What was people's feeling when they watched that
first lunar landing
A.Indifferent. B.Nervous. C.Amazed. D.Proud.
√
( ) 2.What was the teacher's mission on board the
Challenger
A.She would teach a physics lesson in space.
B.She was trained to operate the space shuttle.
C.She was supposed to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit.
D.She aimed to complete the objectives of the Challenger
programme.
√
( ) 3.What can be inferred from the space failure according
to Paragraph 3
A.People no longer dare to try the space flight.
B.The space flight has certain risks.
C.People prefer to travel by air.
D.No more civilians will go into space.
√
( ) 4.What is the author's purpose of writing this passage
A.To warn people of the danger of space travel.
B.To inspire people to continue exploring space.
C.To honour McAuliffe， the first civilian in space.
D.To remind people of the most disastrous space accident ever.
√
Task 3： Micro-writing
The Call of the Challenger
Since the successful lunar landing of Neil Armstrong in the
Apollo 11， people 1.______________ (become) accustomed to
the notion of space travel. 2.__________ (follow) the Moon
landings， the Challenger space shuttle took 3.____ on 28
January 1986， and millions of people tuned in to witness the
launch with 4.___________ (excite). 5.______ made this take-off
so special was that Christa McAuliffe， an ordinary teacher and
have become
Following
off
excitement
What
mother， was on board as the first civilian to travel in space，
who was supposed to inspire 6.____ entirely new generation of
astronauts and space scientists. 7.__________ (tragic)， she never
came back as the Challenger exploded just over a minute after
taking off. This 8.__________ (disaster) space accident cast a
shadow on people's hearts.
With the shock of the Challenger disaster， space shuttle
flights 9.________________ (suspend) for nearly three years， but
there was no doubt that manned flights would continue and we
must keep 10._________ (reach) for the stars， no matter how
distant they might seem.
an
Tragically
disastrous
were suspended
reaching
1.become accustomed to 习惯于(做)某事
(教材P82) Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon
back on 20 July 1969， people have become accustomed to
the notion of space travel.
自1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太
空旅行这个概念。
(1)be/get accustomed to doing sth=be/get used to doing sth
习惯于做某事
(2)accustom v. 使习惯
accustom oneself to doing sth 使自己习惯于做某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
He found it difficult to accustom himself to ________ (get) up
early on winter mornings.
getting
(2)完成句子
①Jane's always nervous when she has to make a speech; she
must ___________________ being at ease when she is with
people. (accustom)
简在不得不做演讲时总是紧张。她必须使自己习惯与人们自在地相处。
accustom herself to
②Tony is a quiet boy and he isn't ______________________ at
meals. (accustom)
托尼是一个安静的男孩，他习惯于吃饭时不说话。
accustomed to talking
2.one's heart in one's mouth 提心吊胆，十分紧张
(教材P82)Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and
white television sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of
how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was， and of the
many things that could go wrong.
数百万人在黑白电视机上观看了首次登月，他们提心吊胆，因为大家
都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。
lose heart 灰心，丧气
heart and soul 全心全意地
learn sth by heart 记住某事，牢记某事
【活学活用】
完成句子
①The moment I stepped onto the stage to give my speech, I
was overwhelmed by nerves, _______________________.
当我走上台准备发表演讲时，我感到神经紧张，心里忐忑不安。
my heart in my mouth
②As public servants， it is their duty to serve common people
_______________.
作为公务员，全心全意为人民服务是他们的责任。
heart and soul
③Some people ___________ when they come across failures
while others rise to the challenge and keep on going.
一些人在面对失败之时灰心丧气而另一些人则迎接挑战并继续前进。
(读后续写之文末总结句)
lose heart
④_________ those grammar rules _________ is a must for the
language learning process.
牢记那些语法规则是语言学习过程中必不可少的。(话题写作之语言
学习)
Learning
by heart
3.launch v.发射;发起;(首次)上市 n. (航天器的)发射;(产品的)上市;
(事件的)发起
(教材P84)We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch.
我们迫不及待地等着发射。
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Riders have printed nearly 20，000 short
stories and poems since the programme was launched last
March. ______
发起
②Every Chinese shall never forget the day when Shenzhou V
was launched.______
发射
(2)完成句子
China _______________________ to draw attention to the dental
health of the nation's children on the annual “China's Teeth
Care Day”， which falls on September 20.
9月20日是一年一度的“全国爱牙日”，中国将在这一天发起一项运动，
以引起人们对全国儿童牙齿健康的关注。
will launch a campaign
4.call to 召唤
(教材P84) The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us，
reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars， no
matter how distant they might seem.
“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着我们，提醒我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不
可及，我们必须要持之以恒地去探索星空。
call sb out 召唤出动(尤指处理紧急情况)
call at 停靠;(短时间)停留
call for sb 去接某人
call for sth 需要，要求
call on/upon sb 拜访某人
call on/upon sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事，请求或要求某人做某事
call (sb) in 召来，叫来(服务)
call off 取消
call up 打电话；使回忆起，使想起
【活学活用】
(1)用call 相关短语的适当形式填空
①There is a voice that ________________ all of us to embrace
this beautiful new world.
②Since the weather is not pleasant， we'll have to ________
the trip and rearrange our activities.
calls to/on/upon
call off
③They decided to ___________ a doctor because the child was
not any better.
④Some may ________ the application of modern technology，
and others a change of lifestyle.
call in/out
call for
(2)完成句子
In order to _______________________________________________，
meet new friends and show their artistic skills， Chinese Bridge
Chinese Proficiency Competition across the Globe—Calligraphy
and Painting Challenge will be scheduled to be from March 20
to May 1.
为了呼吁学生学习汉字、结交新朋友并展示自己的艺术技能，“汉语
桥”全球汉语大会——书画展将于3月20日至5月1日举行。
(应用文写作之活动介绍)
call on/upon students to learn Chinese characters
(教材P82)By the early 1980s， the great rockets previously
used in the American space programme had been replaced
by the space shuttle. 20世纪80年代早期，之前美国太空计划中使
用的大型火箭已被航天飞机所代替。
句型公式
过去分词(短语)作定语
【句式点拨】
previously used in the American space programme是过去分词短
语作后置定语修饰前面的名词rockets，相当于定语从句that/which
were previously used in the American space programme。
【归纳拓展】
当名词与非谓语是逻辑上的被动关系，且表示已经完成或者没有时
间意义时，要用过去分词作定语。如果名词与非谓语是逻辑上的主
动关系，则要用现在分词作定语。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①So far nobody has claimed the mobile phone ___________
(discover) in the library.
②The newly-built hotel is a place with modern style
________________ (accommodate) 300 people at once.
discovered
accommodating
(2)完成句子
①[2023·浙江1月考] Last weekend， I participated in a “Getting
to know the plants around us” activity __________________
_______________.
上周末，我参加了我们学生会组织的“了解我们周围的植物”活动。
(应用文写作之新闻报道)
organised by our Students' Union
②Fanjing Mountain， _______________________，Guizhou
Province，has made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List.
位于贵州省铜仁市的梵净山已被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名
录。(话题写作之遗产保护)
located in Tongren City
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.Although the ________ (阴影) of doubt lingered for a moment,
she quickly dismissed it and moved forward with confidence.
shadow
2.To our shock, he went to an ______________ (平常的) state
school, not a fancy private one.
unexceptional
3.The c______ of the stranded ship was forced to abandon
their vessel and wait for rescue on a nearby island.
rew
4.As she raised her head towards the sky, she let out a long,
piercing s________ that echoed through the valley.
cream
1
2
3
4
Ⅱ 单句填空
1.The Chinese idiom is one of the priceless legacies deeply
rooted in traditional culture, making Chinese language more
_________ (power), more functional and thereby, more
fascinating.
powerful
2.Ancient, _________ (inspire), and beautiful, the canal appeals
to visitors like no other place on the Earth.
inspiring
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3.To promote sales, a campaign is scheduled _______________
(launch) next month.
to be launched
4.__________ (tragical), the immune system's attack can be
hazardous and even life-threatening.
Tragically
5.Due to a population __________ (explode) in the past ten
years, the competition for jobs is increasingly fierce.
explosion
6.I'm excited to join my friends ___ celebrating their new
business venture this weekend.
in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
7.The report highlights the numerous organizations and
individuals _________ (involve) in the relief efforts following the
natural disaster.
involved
8.The school announced a ___________ (suspend)of classes due
to the severe weather conditions, ensuring the safety of all
students and staff.
suspension
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅲ 短语填空
1.She heard the terrible noise while walking in the forest, which
brought _______________________ (令她提心吊胆).
her heart in her mouth
2.He _____________________________________ (习惯) the
tropical climate in the area since he stayed there ten years ago.
has been/become accustomed/used to
3.The beautiful scenery and fresh air of the mountains
_________ (召唤)us and invited us to escape the hustle of city
life for a weekend getaway.
called to
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.The terrible car accident that happened in the boyhood
__________________ (给……留下阴影) his young mind.
cast a shadow on
5.When I ____________ (踏上) the island for the first time, I was
struck by the beautiful scenery.
set foot on
6.Though clearly __________ (意识到) the danger ahead, he
accepted the task without having second thoughts.
aware of
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ 句型训练
1.__________________________ was that he ultimately succeeded
in what seemed to be the most challenging task.
最令查利(Charlie)兴奋的是他终于成功完成了看似最具挑战性的任务。
What excited Charlie most
2.Don't respond to any e-mails requesting personal information,
______________________________they look.
不要回复任何要求提供个人信息的电子邮件,不管它们看起来有多正式。
no matter how/however official
1
2
3
4
3.The rain _______________, the hikers quickly sought shelter
under the nearest tree, shivering with cold.(独立主格结构)
雨下得很大，徒步旅行者们迅速到最近的树下避雨,冷得发抖。
pouring heavily
4.I waited for many hours to buy the ticket to the concert, but
unfortunately, I will have to attend a very important speech
_______________________.(非谓语)
我等了很多小时才买到音乐会的票，但不幸的是，我将必须参加学
校安排的一场非常重要的演讲。
arranged by my school
1
2
3
4
Ⅴ 阅读理解
Twinkle Twinkle Little Star could eventually become less of a
baby lullaby and more of an elegy (挽歌).
Seeing stars keeps getting more difficult because artificial
lighting is making the night sky about 10% brighter each year,
according to a study that analysed reports from more than
50,000 amateur stargazers. That's a much faster rate of change
than scientists previously estimated looking at satellite data.
1
2
3
4
To illustrate the change, researchers gave this example: a
child is born where 250 stars are visible on a clear night. By
the time that child turns 18, only 100 stars are still visible. “We
are losing, year by year, the possibility to see the stars, which
has been a universal human experience,” said Fabio Falchi, a
physicist at Chile's University of Santiago de Compostela. “If you
can still see the dimmest stars, you are in a very dark place.
But if you see only the brightest ones, you are in a very light-
polluted place.”
1
2
3
4
“Prior studies of artificial lighting, which used satellite
images of the Earth at night, had estimated the annual increase
in sky brightness to be about 2% a year,” said Christopher Kyba,
a physicist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences in
Potsdam.
But the satellites used weren't able to detect light with
wavelengths towards the blue end of the spectrum (光谱)—
including the light from energy-efficient LED bulbs. More than
half of the new outdoor lights installed in the United States in
1
2
3
4
the past decade have been LED lights, according to the
researchers. The satellites were also better at detecting light that
scatters (散射) upward, like a spotlight, than light that scatters
horizontally (水平地).
Georgetown University biologist Emily Williams, who was not
part of the study, said, “Skyglow disturbs circadian rhythms in
humans and other forms of life. Migratory songbirds normally
use starlight to find out where they are in the sky at night. And
when sea turtle babies hatch, they use light to orient themselves
towards the ocean—light pollution is a huge deal for them.”
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由于人造照明的
增加，夜空的亮度每年以大约10%的速度增长，这导致星星的可见性
迅速下降。研究者通过例子说明了这一变化。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.What did the researchers' example indicate in
Paragraph 3
A.The rapid decrease in star visibility.
B.The severity of outdoor air pollution.
C.Children's fondness for a clear night sky.
D.People's regret for lost childhood activities.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段中“To illustrate the change,
researchers gave this example: a child is born where 250 stars
are visible on a clear night. By the time that child turns 18,
only 100 stars are still visible.”(为了说明这种变化，研究人员举了
这样一个例子：在晴朗的夜晚，一个孩子出生时可以看到250颗星星。
当这个孩子18岁的时候，只有100颗星星是可见的。)可知，研究者
通过一个孩子从出生到18岁时星星可见数量的变化的例子，说明了
星星可见性的快速下降。故选A。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.Which of the following was a disadvantage of satellites
used in previous studies
A.It couldn't discover the blue colour.
B.It failed to detect the spectrum.
C.It was sensitive to light from LED bulbs.
D.It might not find horizontal light sources.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But the satellites used
weren't able to detect light with wavelengths towards the blue
end of the spectrum (光谱)—including the light from energy-
efficient LED bulbs.”以及“The satellites were also better at
detecting light that scatters (散射) upward, like a spotlight, than
light that scatters horizontally (水平地).”可知，先前使用的卫星无
法探测到波长接近光谱蓝色末端的光，包括节能LED灯泡发出的光，
同时先前使用的卫星更擅长探测向上散射的光，而不是水平散射的
光，所以它的缺点是可能找不到水平的光源。故选D。
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What is Emily Williams' attitude to the effects of light
pollution
A.Tolerant. B.Concerned. C.Unclear. D.Doubtful.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Georgetown University biologist
Emily Williams, who was not part of the study, said, ‘Skyglow
disturbs circadian rhythms in humans and other forms of life.
Migratory songbirds normally use starlight to find out where
they are in the sky at night. And when sea turtle babies hatch,
they use light to orient themselves towards the ocean—light
√
1
2
3
4
pollution is a huge deal for them.’”(乔治城大学的生物学家Emily
Williams没有参与这项研究，她说:“夜空光亮扰乱了人类和其他形式
的生命的昼夜节律。迁徙的鸣禽通常在夜间利用星光来确定它们在
天空中的位置。当海龟宝宝孵化时，它们利用光来定位海洋——光
污染对它们来说是一个巨大的问题。”)可知，Emily Williams提到了
光污染对人类和其他生物的生物钟的干扰，以及对迁徙的鸣禽和海
龟幼崽导航能力的影响，显示出了她对光污染影响的担心。故选B。
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Stars are disappearing from the night sky
B.The meaning behind a traditional baby song
C.Light pollution harms wildlife and ecosystems
D.Satellites used in measuring night sky brightness
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Seeing stars keeps getting more
difficult because artificial lighting is making the night sky about
10% brighter each year, according to a study that analysed
reports from more than 50,000 amateur stargazers. That's a
much faster rate of change than scientists previously estimated
looking at satellite data.”( 一项分析了来自5万多名业余观星者的报
告的研究，发现看星星变得越来越困难，因为人工照明使夜空每年
变亮10%左右。这比科学家先前通过卫星数据估计的变化速度要快得
多。)以及通读全文可知，A选项“Stars are disappearing from the
night sky”(星星正在从夜空中消失)可以概括文章主要内容，适合作
为标题。故选A。
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Ⅵ 阅读七选五
It sounds like something from science fiction—a space
journey into the vast expanse of space, heading towards Mars.
While we're not quite ready to put a person on the land, the
question we ask today is: 1.___
D
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The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve
the first in space flight. The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1, an
artificial satellite, before anyone else. 2.___ Now it appears that
Mars is the heavenly body of desire. While the reputation and
bragging (吹嘘) rights to be the first nation to touch down on
Mars is an obvious draw, there are other reasons we want to
get there.
A
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3.___ You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the
dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet.
While Mars doesn't have the right conditions to call it home
just yet, there's always the concept of terraforming (地球化)—
changing the environment of a planet to suit our needs.
However, not everyone agrees. 4.___ He has said the
concept of changing habitability of another planet because of
the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we
can simply terraform Earth.
C
B
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It seems that the main reason is the search for
extraterrestrial(地球外的) life. 5.___ Now seemingly dead, the
potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution
and that of our planet. One theory is that bacterial life on our
planet didn't start here, but was transferred via an asteroid
(小行星) from Mars.
E
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A.And the US landed on the moon first.
B.Leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them.
C.One of these could be the survival of our species.
D.Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars
E.It has been believed that, at one time, Mars was abundant
with life.
F.Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason
enough.
G.May landing on Mars inspire more people to become
interested in science
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【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了为什么有这么多国家
对登陆火星感兴趣。
1.___
D
[解析] 根据上文“While we're not quite ready to put a person on
the land, the question we ask today is…”可知,此处会是一个疑问
句,内容与登陆火星有关,选项D引出下文，且选项D中的many
countries与下文相呼应。故选D。
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2.___
A
[解析] 根据上文“The space race saw the USA and USSR
compete to achieve the first in space flight. The Soviet Union
released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else.”可知,
上文提到了苏联的太空成就，那么此处内容应与美国在太空方面的
领先有关,选项A符合文意。故选A。
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3.___
C
[解析] 根据上文“…there are other reasons we want to get there.”
可知,人类要去火星还有其他原因。再根据下文“You only have to
look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the
benefit of finding another habitable planet.”可知,此处内容是说人
们去火星的一个原因是有关人类生存的,选项C 中the survival of our
species符合上下文语境。故选C。
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4.___
B
[解析] 根据下文“He has said the concept of changing habitability
of another planet because of the damage we have done to
Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.”可知,
此处内容是在具体说明反对的人所持的观点,下一句中的代词 he指
的是选项B 中的Neil Tyson。故选B。
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5.___
E
[解析] 根据上文“It seems that the main reason is the search for
extraterrestrial (地球外的) life.”可知,此处内容与地球外的生命有关,
选项E讲的是火星上可能曾经存在生命,且选项E中at one time 对应
下一句中的“Now seemingly dead…”。故选E。
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Ⅶ 语法填空
[2024·重庆第八中学高二期末]
Astronomy is the 1._______ (old) science known to man.
Thousands of years ago, man looked at the stars and wondered
2._______ the heavens. But man was 3.________ (limit) by the
six planets that he could see only with his eyes alone. The
Greeks studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago. They could see
the size, colour, and 4.___________ (bright) of a star. They could
see its place in the sky. They watched the stars move as the
oldest
about
limited
brightness
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seasons changed. But the Greeks had no tools to help
5.___________ (they) study the heavens. Each new tool added to
the field of astronomy helped man reach out into space. Man
didn't know much about the moon 6.____________ there were
telescopes.
He did not know that the planet 7._______ (call) Saturn had
rings around it. His sight was 8.____ weak that he could not
see all the planets. In the early 1700s, people thought there
were only six planets. Before the spectroscope, man did not
themselves
until/before
called
so
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know what kind of gas was around the sun or other 9.______
(star). Without the radio telescope, we did not know that radio
noises came from far in space. Today, astronomy is a growing
science. We 10.________________________ (learn) more in the
last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy.
stars
have learned/have learnt
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10
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类探索太空的
历史。
1._______
oldest
[解析] 考查形容词最高级。根据定冠词the及science known to
man可知，空处应填形容词最高级形式oldest “最古老的”，在句中作
定语修饰名词science。故填oldest。
2._______
about
[解析] 考查介词。wonder about sth“想知道……”为固定搭配。故
填about。
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3.________
limited
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。动词limit与句子主语man构成逻辑上的被
动关系，句子应用被动语态，空处应用过去分词形式。故填limited。
4.___________
brightness
[解析] 考查名词。and连接并列成分，空处与size和colour并列，应
用名词brightness “亮度”，作宾语，其为不可数名词。故填
brightness。
5.___________
themselves
[解析] 考查代词。空处代词指代句子主语，故用反身代词
themselves在句中作宾语。故填themselves。
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6.____________
until/before
[解析] 考查连词。not…until“直到……才”为固定句式；或空处用
before“在……之前”引导时间状语从句。故填until/before。
7._______
called
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作非谓语，动词call与逻辑主语
planet之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填called。
8.____
so
[解析] 考查固定句式。so…that “如此……以至于”为固定句式。故填
so。
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9.______
stars
[解析] 考查名词复数。other后接可数名词复数形式。故填stars。
10.________________________
have learned/have learnt
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the last fifty
years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语we是复数，助动词用have。
故填have learned/have learnt。
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