Period Two Using language
语言精讲
(1)①submissions ②being controlled ③submitted
(2)①submit your application materials to ②I will never submit myself to others’ thoughts
语法归纳
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.have done 2.have taken 3.could 4.have been
5.have watered 6.have had 7.should 8.be preserved 9.can 10.be made
●Ⅱ 1.shouldn’t have scolded him 2.needn’t worry about cooking 3.must act as quickly as possible 4.may/might sound like a simple task 5.you could submitPeriod Two Using language
Ⅰ.1.have taken 2.have visited 3.have stayed 4.have come 5.should 6.have finished
Ⅱ.1.could have got the first place
2.needn’t have bought so much food
3.would have visited my relatives and friends
4.must pay your library fines
5.must have been something wrong
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国黄石国家公园的由来。
1.to catch 考查非谓语动词。短语tend to do sth表示“倾向于做某事”,故填to catch。
2.treasures 考查名词复数。treasure表示“珍宝”,为可数名词,结合前文they are可知,应用复数形式,故填treasures。
3.what 考查宾语从句。后文为介词in的宾语,is前缺主语,指物,此处用what引导宾语从句,作介词in的宾语,故填what。
4.were 考查动词时态和主谓一致。空前they指代上文提及的四个男人,时间为1870年,时态为一般过去时,且为复数形式,故填were。
5.be done 考查动词语态。主语what指物,与动词do是被动关系,情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态,故填be done。
6.its 考查代词。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
7.for 考查介词。结合句意可知,这里介词for表目的,表示“为了这个国家的所有人都能欣赏”。 故填for。
8.completion 考查名词。分析句子可知,本空应填名词作宾语,complete的名词形式为completion,不可数,故填completion。
9.largest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意及本空前的定冠词the可知,这里表示最高级,应用形容词large的最高级形式largest。
10.which 考查定语从句。本空所在句子为定语从句,先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,引导非限制性定语从句,故填which。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述的是作者一次乘坐飞机时对一位突发疾病的老人进行诊治的经历。
1.D 根据上文中的“The cabin(座舱) was darkened…”可知,机舱变黑可能是因为人们在“休息”。故选D项。boxing拳击;dance舞蹈;dinner晚饭;rest休息。
2.C 根据语境以及上文中的“Wake up! Oh, help!”可知,此处指的是有人“大喊”求救。故选C项。take out取得;turn out结果是;ring out清晰可闻;turn up 出现。
3.B 根据下文中的holding the hand of her husband以及她丈夫的状态“His head was back, his mouth open.”可知,此处指的是老太太“吓坏”了。故选B项。amazed惊讶的;frightened害怕的;calm平静的;dizzy 头晕目眩的。
4.A 根据语境以及下文中的“His head was back, his mouth open.”可知,老太太的丈夫可能失去了意识,所以没有对她做出“回应”。故选A项。respond回应;stick粘贴;lead引导;contribute捐助。
5.C 根据下文中的“…irregular but steady…colour good, no evident pain, breathing regularly without…”可知,这时作者应该是给老太太的丈夫做“检查”。故选C项。experiment实验;trick诡计;examination检查;search搜查。
6.B 根据下文中的“I sat on the arm of the seat, still…his pulse, and asked the woman about her husband.”可知,作者是在给老太太的丈夫检查“脉搏”。故选B项。step步伐;pulse脉搏;voice声音;stomach胃。
7.A 根据上文中的breathing regularly可知,此时他的呼吸正常,所以应该是呼吸时“不费力气”。故选A项。effort努力;efficiency效率;effect影响;order秩序。
8.D 根据上文中的“I did a quick…irregular but steady…colour good, no evident pain, breathing regularly without…”可知,作者还在给他“检查”脉搏。故选D项。bother打扰;stop停止;observe观察;check检查。
9.A 根据全文可知,文章讲述老太太的丈夫突发疾病的事,所以此处应是老太太的丈夫之前无“疾病”史。故选A项。medical疾病的,医疗的;criminal犯罪的;career就业的;online在线的。
10.B 根据上文中的“It had been a good holiday, but…”可知,旅行很愉快,but表示转折,所以此处应与“愉快”意思相反。故选B项。exciting令人激动的;tiring令人疲惫的;amusing好笑的;inspiring鼓舞人心的。
11.C 根据上文中的“No physician wants to hear these words while flying.”可知,此时是在飞机上,所以有情况应是汇报给“飞行员”。故选C项。detective 侦探;customer消费者;pilot飞行员;passenger乘客。
12.D 根据下文中的or…for two hours可知,飞行员告知作者,要么20分钟后降落,要么2个小时后降落,所以此处应是“在20分钟后”。故选D项。
13.D 根据上文的“‘We can put the plane down…20 minutes in Gander,’ he told me…”以及下文的for two hours and…in Toronto可推测,此处指的是“继续”飞行2个小时在多伦多降落。故选D项。get on进展;look on旁观;try on试穿;carry on继续。
14.A 根据语境以及下文中的“‘Put it down,’ I said.”可知,此处指的是飞机“降落”。故选A项。 land着陆,降落;fly飞行;drive驾驶;sail航行。
15.B 结合语境以及下文中的“…remain in good health for years to come.”可知,老人经历此事后能很快恢复,因此有望在未来岁月中保持健康。故选B项。unfortunately不幸地;hopefully有希望地;automatically 自动地;universally普遍地。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造卫星的组成、运行方式和速度等基本情况。
1.C 根据上文“A satellite…has two kinds—natural satellites and artificial satellites.”和下文“…while artificial satellites are those made by man.”可知,上文提到了卫星有两种,天然卫星和人造卫星,下文提到了人造卫星,空处应该解释什么是天然卫星。C项 (天然卫星的例子是地球和月球)符合语境。故选C。
2.E 根据上文“On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails.”可知,上文提到人造卫星的外部构造,下文“…which include…their work.”提到它们内部包含完成任务所需的工具。因此,空处应该介绍这些工具是什么。E项 (卫星载有特定任务的科学仪器)符合语境。故选E。
3.G 根据本段可知,这里详细描述了人造卫星的组成部分以及它们的功能,各个部分协同工作,使得人造卫星能够执行各种任务。因此,这里需要一个句子来概括人造卫星的工作方式。G项 (人造卫星像人类一样以一种系统的方式运作)符合语境。故选G。
4.F 下文提到人造卫星需要调整速度来对抗地球的引力,以保持运行轨道的稳定。因此,本句需要解释为什么需要这样做。F项 (地球的引力把所有东西都拉向地球的中心)符合语境。故选F。
5.A 根据下文“…which can be…Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep themselves from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.”可知,空处需要引出这些卫星的轨道高度。A项 (靠近地球的卫星在近地轨道上)符合语境。故选A。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国计划在未来几年内将其“天宫”空间站从三个舱扩展到六个舱,这有着良好的前景。
1.an 考查冠词。play a(n)…role“发挥……作用”。important的发音为元音音素开头,用an。故填an。
2.providing 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词形式作状语,表示理所应当的结果,用现在分词作结果状语。故填providing。
3.is expected 考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。be expected to do sth“预计做某事”,expect与主语the ISS是被动关系,用被动语态,描述事实用一般现在时,主语是单数。故填is expected。
4.previously 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词announced。故填previously。
5.known 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词形式,know与station是被动关系,用过去分词形式。 故填known。
6.in 考查介词。in operation“在运行中”为固定短语。故填in。
7.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the ISS,关系词在定语从句中作主语,指物。故填which。
8.and 考查连词。此处为多个名词短语并列,最后一个名词短语前应用and连接。故填and。
9.retirement 考查名词。此处作approaching的宾语,用名词。故填retirement。
10.to send 考查非谓语动词。be requested to do sth“被请求做某事”。故填to send。Period Two Using language
submit v. 提交,呈送,呈递
(1)submit sth to sb 向某人提交某物
submit to sb/sth/doing 顺从……,听命于……
submit oneself to… 某人甘受……/服从……
(2)submission n. 提交,呈递;归顺,屈服
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] The researchers then examined these (submit), coding (编码) experiences into different categories.
②No country would submit to (control) by another country.
③[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] An essay not (submit) in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.
(2)完成句子
①Applicants interested in applying for the position should the school office before the deadline.
对申请这个职务感兴趣的申请者应在截止日期之前把你的申请材料交到学校办公室。(应用文写作之通知)
②[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] David wiped his tears and held his head high, remarking determinedly,“
.”
戴维擦掉眼泪,高昂着头,坚定地说:“我决不会屈从于别人的想法。”
Review: modals
复习:情态动词
一、情态动词的基本定义和分类
情态动词本身有一定的词义,通常用于表示语气。但是情态动词不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。情态动词主要有can, may, must, could, might, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare。
二、情态动词的基本用法
1.can, could
(1)表示能力,意为“能,会”。如:
Small acts of kindness can make a great difference. 小的善行会产生巨大的影响。
(2)表推测,意为“可能”,用于否定句或疑问句中,can比could语气强。如:
Impolite behaviour of children can’t/couldn’t be ignored by parents.
小孩子的不礼貌的行为不可能被父母忽视。
(3)表示请求或允许,在疑问句中可以用could代替can,语气更委婉。如:
Could/Can you make a comparison between the two films
你能把这两部电影做一下比较吗
(4)表示理论上的可能性,can此时往往用于肯定句中。如:
Always believe that good things are possible, and remember that mistakes can be lessons that lead to success.
始终相信,好的东西都是可能的,而且记住,错误可能是通往成功的教训。
(5)can用于否定句或疑问句,表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。如:
They can’t make such kind of mistakes.
他们不可能犯这样的错误。
Can he treat his parents like that
他能那样对待他的父母吗
(6)用于固定短语中:can’t…too/enough表示“无论……也不为过”;can’t help doing sth表示“禁不住做某事”。如:
You can’t be too careful while doing scientific experiments.
你做科学实验时无论多仔细都不为过。
Hearing the amusing story,I can’t help laughing.
听到这个有趣的故事,我禁不住笑了起来。
2.may, might
(1)表示请求和许可,疑问句中可互换,might语气更委婉。如:
Might/May I borrow your computer
把你的电脑借给我(用用)可以吗
(2)表示可能性,可以对现在、将来或过去进行推测,通常用于肯定句和否定句,might比may语气弱。如:
He hasn’t arrived as scheduled. He may be late.
他没有按预计时间到。他可能会迟到。
(3)表示祝愿,常用结构“may+主语+do”。如:
May you succeed. 祝你成功。
(4)用于固定短语中,“may/might as well+do”意为“不妨,倒不如”。如:
We may/might as well put it down before we forget it.
我们不妨在忘记之前把它写下来。
3.must
(1)表示义务,意为“必须”(主观意志)。回答must的一般疑问句时,若是否定回答,不用mustn’t,而用needn’t/don’t have to,表示“不必”的意思。如:
—Must I clear up my bedroom right now
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
“我必须现在就要打扫我的卧室吗 ”
“不,没必要。”
(2)用于否定句表示禁止。如:
Smoking must not be allowed in public places.
公共场所内不允许吸烟。
(3)表示“偏要,非要……不可”,常用于疑问句和肯定句,表达说话人不满或是厌倦等情绪。如:
Why must you play the piano at midnight
你为什么非要在半夜弹钢琴
I can accept your suggestions, if you must.
如果你非要坚持,我可以接受你的建议。
4.shall
(1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句,表示征求对方的意见或请示。如:
Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow
需要我转告Brett明天放学后直接过来吗
Shall they come in or just stand outside, waiting for their turn
是让他们进来还是就站在外面,等待轮到他们的时候
(2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如:
All candidates shall be informed of the result three days after their interview.
所有的候选人将在面试后的三天被告知结果。
You shall get punished if you don’t change your improper ideas.
如果你不改变你不恰当的想法,你会受到惩罚。
(3)用于条约、法令、法律、规定等,意为“必须”。如:
Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
试卷全部收回后,应试人才能离开座位。
5.should, ought to
(1)表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等,意为“应该”。表示责任或义务时,ought to=should,只是前者语气更强。如:
We should/ought to observe traffic regulations and regard it as our social duty.
我们应该遵守交通规则并把它当作我们的社会责任。
(2)should表示出乎意料的语气,意为“竟然,居然”。如:
That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.
他竟然那样和你讲话,真是太令人吃惊了。
(3)should表示根据经验或常理的推断。如:
The repair work of the road should be completed next month.
这条路的修缮工作应该下个月能完成。
(4)should和ought to表示推测,指预期的可能性,意为“应该,估计”。如:
He ought to/should be here on time—he started early enough.
他出发得足够早,所以他应该会准时到这里的。
6.will, would
(1)用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在,would指过去。如:
We will never give in to their unequal conditions.
我们永远不会屈服于他们不公平的条件。
They expressed their idea that they would come to our help, if possible.
他们表达了他们的想法:如果可能的话,他们就会来帮助我们。
(2)表示请求或建议。would比will委婉、客气,句末用won’t you表达邀请的语气。如:
Will you please take a message for him, won’t you
请你给他捎个口信好吗
Would you please pass him the book
请你把这本书递给他好吗
(3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,will指现在,would指过去。如:
Fish will die without water. 鱼离开水会死。
(4)表示预料或猜想。如:
It would be about ten when he set off for his destination.
他动身去往目的地时估计是10点左右。
(5)will表示规律性的“注定会”。如:
Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by what you wear.
穿合适的衣服也很重要,因为当地人会根据你的穿着来对你评头论足。
7.need, dare
need, dare可以作情态动词,也可以作实义动词,在肯定句中通常用作实义动词,后接to do。如:
We need to take on our own social responsibilities.
我们需要担负起我们自己的社会责任。
Since he was stuck in a lift a year ago he hasn’t dared to get back into one.
自从一年前他被困在电梯里后,他就再也不敢坐电梯了。
We needn’t care about their rude remarks too much.
=We don’t need to care about their rude remarks too much.
我们没有必要太在意他们无礼的言论。
三、情态动词+have done的用法
此种用法表示对过去发生过的事情进行推测,是情态动词重要的考点。
must have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测,表示一定做过某事或是某事一定发生过,语气较强;
could have done 表示本来能够做却未做;或是可能做了某事,但是可能性很小;
can’t/couldn’t have done 表示对过去情况的否定推测,表示不可能做过某事;
may/might have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测,语气较弱;
might have done 表示差一点儿做成;或是可能做了某事,但可能性非常小;
should/ought to have done 表示本应该做但实际未做;
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done 表示本不应该做但实际做了;
needn’t have done 表示本不需要做却做了。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空/选择填空
1.You could (do) better, but you didn’t try your best.
2.I needn’t (take) an umbrella, but I took one just in case.
3.This astronomical telescope is the best present I (should/could) have wished for.
4.The lights were out. They must (be) asleep.
5.The flowers have died. I ought to (water) them often.
6.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we could (have) a good time together.
7.It is beyond my understanding that many adults (should/may) be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me.
8.They say the seas are a unique habitat that must (preserve).
9.The astronauts (must/can) spend their leisure time in the same way as they would on the earth by reading their favourite books, listening to music, etc.
10.Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.You for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. (scold)
你本不该因为他表现不好而责备他。毕竟,他已经尽力了。
2.I’ve ordered some pizza, so we when we get home tired.
我已经点了一些比萨饼,所以我们回家累了时就不用担心做饭了。
3.We before it is late.
我们必须尽快采取行动,以免为时过晚。
4.Although this , great care is needed.
虽然这听起来也许像是一项简单的任务,但需要非常小心。
5.It would be wonderful if your space camp application form a week earlier.
如果你能提前一周递交太空营申请表就太好了。Period Two Using language
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.My designer clothes are gone. Who do you think could (take) them by mistake
2.We lost our way in that small village. Otherwise we would (visit) more places of interest yesterday.
3.The beautiful girl chose to teach in a village school, though she could (stay) in a big city for an easier life.
4.There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s expo . You should (come), but why didn’t you
5.I find it astonishing that he be so rude to us.
6.She must (finish) her homework already, because she’s watching TV now.
●Ⅱ 语法+写作(情态动词)
1.Their team in the 4×100m relay race, but the last runner fell down halfway.
他们队本来可以在4×100米接力赛中获得第一名,但最后一名选手在中途摔倒了。
2.We now that Susie had already prepared some.
既然苏西已经准备了一些,我们本没必要买如此多的食物。
3.I during the Spring Festival, but I had to stay home due to unexpected injuries.
春节期间我本来想走亲访友,但是因为意外受伤,我只好待在家里。
4.You . If not, you will not be allowed to graduate.
你必须支付图书馆的罚款。不然的话,你将不被允许毕业。
5.There with the car, as it wouldn’t start despite having a full tank of gas.
车子一定有什么问题,因为尽管油箱是满的,但它就是无法启动。
●Ⅲ 语篇语法填空
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 1. (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2. (treasure) of American heritage (遗产).How did the national park system come about On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3. is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4. (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should 5. (do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud. This area, with 6. (it)unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7. all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (发誓) to promote the idea at the 8. (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9. (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10. became a national monument in 1978, took the honours as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
●Ⅳ 完形填空
“Is there a doctor aboard ”
No physician wants to hear these words while flying. We were over the North Atlantic, and my husband and I were on our way home from a European holiday. The cabin (座舱) was darkened for the in-flight 1 when “Wake up! Oh, help!” 2 .
I was out of my seat, fast. The flight attendant and I arrived together to see a(n) 3 elderly woman holding the hand of her husband, who wasn’t 4 to her. His head was back, his mouth open.
I did a quick 5 : irregular but steady 6 , colour good, no evident pain, breathing regularly without 7 . I sat on the arm of the seat, still 8 his pulse, and asked the woman about her husband. At 90 years old, he had a clean 9 history. The couple had travelled to Scotland to celebrate their 60th wedding anniversary, and they were on their way home. It had been a good holiday, but 10 .
Soon after, I reported it to the 11 .
“We can put the plane down 12 20 minutes in Gander,” he told me, “or 13 for two hours and 14 in Toronto. What do you want me to do, doctor ”
“Put it down,” I said. It wasn’t worth taking any chances, and the safest thing was to get him hospital care quickly.
Three weeks later, I received a lovely thank-you note from this man, who will 15 remain in good health for years to come.
( )1.A.boxing B.dance
C.dinner D.rest
( )2.A.took out B.turned out
C.rang out D.turned up
( )3.A.amazed B.frightened
C.calm D.dizzy
( )4.A.responding B.sticking
C.leading D.contributing
( )5.A.experiment B.trick
C.examination D.search
( )6.A.step B.pulse
C.voice D.stomach
( )7.A.effort B.efficiency
C.effect D.order
( )8.A.bothering B.stopping
C.observing D.checking
( )9.A.medical B.criminal
C.career D.online
( )10.A.exciting B.tiring
C.amusing D.inspiring
( )11.A.detective B.customer
C.pilot D.passenger
( )12.A.for B.over
C.by D.in
( )13.A.get on B.look on
C.try on D.carry on
( )14.A.land B.fly
C.drive D.sail
( )15.A.unfortunately B.hopefully
C.automatically D.universally
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·江西抚州高二质量监测]
A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds—natural satellites and artificial satellites. 1. while artificial satellites are those made by man.
Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeup. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, 2. , which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus.
3. . Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment.
Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. 4. . To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth.
Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. 5. , which can be 200—500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep themselves from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.
A.Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit
B.Artificial satellites come in many shapes and size
C.Examples of natural satellites are the Earth and Moon
D.they have different tools to perform different functions
E.the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments
F.Earth’s gravity pulls everything towards the centre of the planet
G.Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans
●Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·河南豫北名校高二期末]
China plans to expand its space station to six modules(舱) from three in coming years, a researcher at the China Academy of Space Technology said on Wednesday.
The space station will play 1. important role as “space home port”, 2. (provide) an alternative platform for near-Earth missions as the International Space Station (ISS) nears the end of its lifespan(寿命). The ISS 3. (expect) to be decommissioned (退役) after 2030. The lifetime of the Chinese space station will be more than 15 years. It is longer than the 10 years the country 4. (previous) announced.
China’s self-built space station, also 5. (know) as Tiangong, or Sky Palace in Chinese, has been 6. full operation since late 2022. And it hosts a maximum of three astronauts at an orbital altitude of up to 450 kilometres.
It will have a weight of 180 tonnes after expansion, about 40 percent of the mass of the ISS, 7. has been in orbit for over two decades.
Regarding the expansion, another module is also in the plan. Other plans, including the development of large space telescopes, 3D printers, intelligent robots 8. a warning system, are also underway.
Chinese state media said last year that China would be matchless as the ISS was approaching 9. (retire), and added that China had been requested by several countries 10. (send) their astronauts to the Chinese station. (共73张PPT)
Period Two
Using language
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
submit v. 提交，呈送，呈递
(1)submit sth to sb 向某人提交某物
submit to sb/sth/doing 顺从……，听命于……
submit oneself to… 某人甘受……/服从……
(2)submission n. 提交，呈递;归顺，屈服
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] The researchers then examined these
____________ (submit)， coding (编码) experiences into different
categories.
submissions
②No country would submit to ________________ (control) by
another country.
being controlled
③[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] An essay not __________ (submit) in
class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class
period it is late.
submitted
(2)完成句子
①Applicants interested in applying for the position should
__________________________________ the school office before
the deadline.
对申请这个职务感兴趣的申请者应在截止日期之前把你的申请材料
交到学校办公室。(应用文写作之通知)
submit your application materials to
②[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] David wiped his tears and held
his head high， remarking determinedly，
“ ___________________________________________.”
戴维擦掉眼泪，高昂着头，坚定地说：“我决不会屈从于别人的想法。”
I will never submit myself to others' thoughts
Review:modals
复习：情态动词
一、情态动词的基本定义和分类
情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常用于表示语气。但是情态动
词不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在
行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。情
态动词主要有can， may， must， could， might， shall，
should， will， would， ought to， need， dare。
二、情态动词的基本用法
1.can， could
(1)表示能力，意为“能，会”。如:
Small acts of kindness can make a great difference.
小的善行会产生巨大的影响。
(2)表推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句或疑问句中，can比could语气强。
如:
Impolite behaviour of children can't/couldn't be ignored by
parents. 小孩子的不礼貌的行为不可能被父母忽视。
(3)表示请求或允许，在疑问句中可以用could代替can，语气更委婉。
如:
Could/Can you make a comparison between the two films
你能把这两部电影做一下比较吗
(4)表示理论上的可能性，can此时往往用于肯定句中。如:
Always believe that good things are possible， and remember
that mistakes can be lessons that lead to success.
始终相信，好的东西都是可能的，而且记住，错误可能是通往成功
的教训。
(5)can用于否定句或疑问句，表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。如:
They can't make such kind of mistakes.
他们不可能犯这样的错误。
Can he treat his parents like that
他能那样对待他的父母吗
(6)用于固定短语中:can't…too/enough表示“无论……也不为过”;can't
help doing sth表示“禁不住做某事”。如:
You can't be too careful while doing scientific experiments.
你做科学实验时无论多仔细都不为过。
Hearing the amusing story，I can't help laughing.
听到这个有趣的故事，我禁不住笑了起来。
2.may， might
(1)表示请求和许可，疑问句中可互换，might语气更委婉。如:
Might/May I borrow your computer
把你的电脑借给我(用用)可以吗
(2)表示可能性，可以对现在、将来或过去进行推测，通常用于肯定
句和否定句，might比may语气弱。如:
He hasn't arrived as scheduled. He may be late.
他没有按预计时间到。他可能会迟到。
(3)表示祝愿，常用结构“may+主语+do”。如:
May you succeed. 祝你成功。
(4)用于固定短语中，“may/might as well+do”意为“不妨，倒不如”。
如:
We may/might as well put it down before we forget it.
我们不妨在忘记之前把它写下来。
3.must
(1)表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。回答must的一般疑问句时，若
是否定回答，不用mustn't，而用needn't/don't have to，表示“不必”
的意思。如:
—Must I clear up my bedroom right now
—No， you needn't/don't have to.
“我必须现在就要打扫我的卧室吗 ”
“不，没必要。”
(2)用于否定句表示禁止。如:
Smoking must not be allowed in public places.
公共场所内不允许吸烟。
(3)表示“偏要，非要……不可”，常用于疑问句和肯定句，表达说话
人不满或是厌倦等情绪。如:
Why must you play the piano at midnight
你为什么非要在半夜弹钢琴
I can accept your suggestions， if you must.
如果你非要坚持，我可以接受你的建议。
4.shall
(1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示征求对方的意见或请示。如:
Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow
需要我转告Brett明天放学后直接过来吗
Shall they come in or just stand outside， waiting for their turn
是让他们进来还是就站在外面，等待轮到他们的时候
(2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、
允诺或威胁。如:
All candidates shall be informed of the result three days after
their interview.
所有的候选人将在面试后的三天被告知结果。
You shall get punished if you don't change your improper ideas.
如果你不改变你不恰当的想法，你会受到惩罚。
(3)用于条约、法令、法律、规定等，意为“必须”。如:
Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have
been collected.
试卷全部收回后，应试人才能离开座位。
5.should， ought to
(1)表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。表示责任或义务
时，ought to=should，只是前者语气更强。如:
We should/ought to observe traffic regulations and regard it as
our social duty.
我们应该遵守交通规则并把它当作我们的社会责任。
(2)should表示出乎意料的语气，意为“竟然，居然”。如:
That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.
他竟然那样和你讲话，真是太令人吃惊了。
(3)should表示根据经验或常理的推断。如:
The repair work of the road should be completed next month.
这条路的修缮工作应该下个月能完成。
(4)should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。
如:
He ought to/should be here on time—he started early enough.
他出发得足够早，所以他应该会准时到这里的。
6.will， would
(1)用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去。如:
We will never give in to their unequal conditions.
我们永远不会屈服于他们不公平的条件。
They expressed their idea that they would come to our help，
if possible.
他们表达了他们的想法:如果可能的话，他们就会来帮助我们。
(2)表示请求或建议。would比will委婉、客气，句末用won't you表达
邀请的语气。如:
Will you please take a message for him， won't you
请你给他捎个口信好吗
Would you please pass him the book
请你把这本书递给他好吗
(3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，will指现在，would指过去。如:
Fish will die without water. 鱼离开水会死。
(4)表示预料或猜想。如:
It would be about ten when he set off for his destination.
他动身去往目的地时估计是10点左右。
(5)will表示规律性的“注定会”。如:
Wearing proper clothes is important too， for locals will judge
you by what you wear.
穿合适的衣服也很重要，因为当地人会根据你的穿着来对你评头论足。
7.need， dare
need， dare可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词，在肯定句中通常
用作实义动词，后接to do。如:
We need to take on our own social responsibilities.
我们需要担负起我们自己的社会责任。
Since he was stuck in a lift a year ago he hasn't dared to get
back into one.
自从一年前他被困在电梯里后，他就再也不敢坐电梯了。
We needn't care about their rude remarks too much.
=We don't need to care about their rude remarks too much.
我们没有必要太在意他们无礼的言论。
三、情态动词+have done的用法
此种用法表示对过去发生过的事情进行推测，是情态动词重要的考点。
must have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测，表示一定做过某事
或是某事一定发生过，语气较强;
could have done 表示本来能够做却未做;或是可能做了某事，但是
可能性很小;
can't/couldn't have done 表示对过去情况的否定推测，表示不可能
做过某事;
may/might have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测，语气较弱;
might have done 表示差一点儿做成;或是可能做了某事，但可能性
非常小;
should/ought to have done 表示本应该做但实际未做;
shouldn't/oughtn't to have done 表示本不应该做但实际做了;
needn't have done 表示本不需要做却做了。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ 单句填空/选择填空
1.You could ___________ (do) better， but you didn't try your
best.
2.I needn't ___________ (take) an umbrella， but I took one just
in case.
3.This astronomical telescope is the best present I ______
(should/could) have wished for.
4.The lights were out. They must ___________ (be) asleep.
have done
have taken
could
have been
5.The flowers have died. I ought to ______________ (water)
them often.
6.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing， or we could
__________ (have) a good time together.
7.It is beyond my understanding that many adults _______
(should/may) be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me.
8.They say the seas are a unique habitat that must
_____________ (preserve).
have watered
have had
should
be preserved
9.The astronauts _____ (must/can) spend their leisure time in
the same way as they would on the earth by reading their
favourite books， listening to music， etc.
can
10.Truly elegant chopsticks might __________ (make) of gold
and silver with Chinese characters.
be made
Ⅱ 句型训练
1.You ___________________________ for his poor performance.
After all， he had done his best. (scold)
你本不该因为他表现不好而责备他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。
shouldn't have scolded him
2.I've ordered some pizza， so we _____________________
_______ when we get home tired.
我已经点了一些比萨饼，所以我们回家累了时就不用担心做饭了。
needn't worry about cooking
3.We ______________________________ before it is late.
我们必须尽快采取行动，以免为时过晚。
must act as quickly as possible
4.Although this __________________________________， great
care is needed.
虽然这听起来也许像是一项简单的任务，但需要非常小心。
may/might sound like a simple task
5.It would be wonderful if _________________ your space camp
application form a week earlier.
如果你能提前一周递交太空营申请表就太好了。
you could submit
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.My designer clothes are gone. Who do you think could
___________ (take) them by mistake
have taken
2.We lost our way in that small village. Otherwise we would
____________ (visit) more places of interest yesterday.
have visited
3.The beautiful girl chose to teach in a village school, though
she could ____________ (stay) in a big city for an easier life.
have stayed
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.There was a lot of fun at yesterday's expo. You should
____________ (come), but why didn't you
have come
5.I find it astonishing that he _______ be so rude to us.
should
6.She must _____________ (finish) her homework already,
because she's watching TV now.
have finished
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅱ 语法+写作(情态动词)
1.Their team _____________________________ in the 4×100m
relay race, but the last runner fell down halfway.
他们队本来可以在4×100米接力赛中获得第一名,但最后一名选手在
中途摔倒了。
could have got the first place
2.We __________________________________ now that Susie had
already prepared some.
既然苏西已经准备了一些,我们本没必要买如此多的食物。
needn't have bought so much food
1
2
3
4
5
3.I _________________________________________ during the
Spring Festival, but I had to stay home due to unexpected
injuries.
春节期间我本来想走亲访友,但是因为意外受伤,我只好待在家里。
would have visited my relatives and friends
4.You __________________________. If not, you will not be
allowed to graduate.
你必须支付图书馆的罚款。不然的话,你将不被允许毕业。
must pay your library fines
5.There _________________________________ with the car, as it
wouldn't start despite having a full tank of gas.
车子一定有什么问题，因为尽管油箱是满的，但它就是无法启动。
must have been something wrong
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ 语篇语法填空
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the
national parks, in particular, tend 1._________ (catch) our
attention because of their large size and variety. They are
2._________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产).How did the
national park system come about On a cool, starry night in
mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along
the Firehole River in 3.______ is now northwestern Wyoming.
They 4.______ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that
to catch
treasures
what
were
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural
beauties there.
What should 5._________ (do) with such a beautiful place
They wondered out loud. This area, with 6.____ (it)unique and
breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7.____ all
people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. They all
agreed and vowed (发誓) to promote the idea at the
8.___________ (complete) of their journey. Their promotional
work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming
be done
its
for
completion
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in
the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9._______
(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until
Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10._______ became a
national monument in 1978, took the honours as a national
park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
largest
which
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
【文章大意】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国黄石国家公园的由来。
1._________
to catch
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。短语tend to do sth表示“倾向于做某事”,
故填to catch。
2._________
treasures
[解析] 考查名词复数。treasure表示“珍宝”,为可数名词,结合前文they
are可知,应用复数形式,故填treasures。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.______
what
[解析] 考查宾语从句。后文为介词in的宾语,is前缺主语,指物,此处用
what引导宾语从句,作介词in的宾语,故填what。
4.______
were
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。空前they指代上文提及的四个男
人,时间为1870年,时态为一般过去时,且为复数形式,故填were。
5._________
be done
[解析] 考查动词语态。主语what指物,与动词do是被动关系,情态动
词should后接be done构成被动语态,故填be done。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6.____
its
[解析] 考查代词。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
7.____
for
[解析] 考查介词。结合句意可知,这里介词for表目的,表示“为了这个
国家的所有人都能欣赏”。 故填for。
8.___________
completion
[解析] 考查名词。分析句子可知,本空应填名词作宾语,complete的名
词形式为completion,不可数,故填completion。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9._______
largest
[解析] 考查形容词最高级。根据句意及本空前的定冠词the可知,这
里表示最高级,应用形容词large的最高级形式largest。
10._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。本空所在句子为定语从句,先行词为Wrangell-
Saint Elias,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,引导非限制性定语从句,故填
which。
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Ⅳ 完形填空
“Is there a doctor aboard ”
No physician wants to hear these words while flying. We
were over the North Atlantic, and my husband and I were on
our way home from a European holiday. The cabin (座舱) was
darkened for the in-flight . .1. . when “Wake up! Oh, help!” . .2. ..
I was out of my seat, fast. The flight attendant and I
arrived together to see a(n) . .3. . elderly woman holding the
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hand of her husband, who wasn't . .4. . to her. His head was
back, his mouth open.
I did a quick . .5. .: irregular but steady . .6. ., colour good, no
evident pain, breathing regularly without . .7. .. I sat on the arm
of the seat, still . .8. . his pulse, and asked the woman about her
husband. At 90 years old, he had a clean . .9. . history. The
couple had travelled to Scotland to celebrate their 60th wedding
anniversary, and they were on their way home. It had been a
good holiday, but . .10. ..
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Soon after, I reported it to the . .11. ..
“We can put the plane down . .12. . 20 minutes in Gander,”
he told me, “or . .13. . for two hours and . .14. . in Toronto. What
do you want me to do, doctor ”
“Put it down,” I said. It wasn't worth taking any chances,
and the safest thing was to get him hospital care quickly.
Three weeks later, I received a lovely thank-you note from
this man, who will . .15. . remain in good health for years to
come.
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【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述的是作者一次乘坐飞机时
对一位突发疾病的老人进行诊治的经历。
( ) 1.A.boxing B.dance C.dinner D.rest
[解析] 根据上文中的“The cabin(座舱) was darkened…”可知,机舱变
黑可能是因为人们在“休息”。故选D项。boxing拳击;dance舞蹈;
dinner晚饭;rest休息。
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( ) 2.A.took out B.turned out C.rang out D.turned up
[解析] 根据语境以及上文中的“Wake up! Oh, help!”可知,此处指的
是有人“大喊”求救。故选C项。take out取得;turn out结果是;ring
out清晰可闻;turn up 出现。
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( ) 3.A.amazed B.frightened C.calm D.dizzy
[解析] 根据下文中的holding the hand of her husband以及她丈夫
的状态“His head was back, his mouth open.”可知,此处指的是老太
太“吓坏”了。故选B项。amazed惊讶的；frightened害怕的;calm平静
的;dizzy 头晕目眩的。
( ) 4.A.responding B.sticking C.leading D.contributing
[解析] 根据语境以及下文中的“His head was back, his mouth
open.”可知,老太太的丈夫可能失去了意识,所以没有对她做出“回应”。
故选A项。respond回应;stick粘贴;lead引导；contribute捐助。
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( ) 5.A.experiment B.trick C.examination D.search
[解析] 根据下文中的“…irregular but steady…colour good, no
evident pain, breathing regularly without…”可知,这时作者应该是给
老太太的丈夫做“检查”。故选C项。experiment实验；trick诡计;
examination检查;search搜查。
( ) 6.A.step B.pulse C.voice D.stomach
[解析] 根据下文中的“I sat on the arm of the seat, still…his pulse,
and asked the woman about her husband.”可知,作者是在给老太
太的丈夫检查“脉搏”。故选B项。step步伐;pulse脉搏;voice声音;
stomach胃。
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( ) 7.A.effort B.efficiency C.effect D.order
[解析] 根据上文中的breathing regularly可知,此时他的呼吸正常,所
以应该是呼吸时“不费力气”。故选A项。effort努力;efficiency效率;
effect影响;order秩序。
( ) 8.A.bothering B.stopping C.observing D.checking
[解析] 根据上文中的“I did a quick…irregular but steady…colour
good, no evident pain, breathing regularly without…”可知,作者还
在给他“检查”脉搏。故选D项。bother打扰；stop停止;observe观察;
check检查。
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( ) 9.A.medical B.criminal C.career D.online
[解析] 根据全文可知，文章讲述老太太的丈夫突发疾病的事，所以
此处应是老太太的丈夫之前无“疾病”史。故选A项。medical疾病的,
医疗的;criminal犯罪的;career就业的;online在线的。
( ) 10.A.exciting B.tiring C.amusing D.inspiring
[解析] 根据上文中的“It had been a good holiday, but…”可知,旅行
很愉快,but表示转折,所以此处应与“愉快”意思相反。故选B项。
exciting令人激动的;tiring令人疲惫的;amusing好笑的;inspiring鼓舞人
心的。
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( ) 11.A.detective B.customer C.pilot D.passenger
[解析] 根据上文中的“No physician wants to hear these words
while flying.”可知,此时是在飞机上,所以有情况应是汇报给“飞行员”。
故选C项。detective 侦探;customer消费者;pilot飞行员;passenger乘客。
( ) 12.A.for B.over C.by D.in
[解析] 根据下文中的or…for two hours可知,飞行员告知作者,要么20
分钟后降落,要么2个小时后降落,所以此处应是“在20分钟后”。故选D项。
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( ) 13.A.get on B.look on C.try on D.carry on
[解析] 根据上文的“‘We can put the plane down…20 minutes in
Gander,’ he told me…”以及下文的for two hours and…in Toronto
可推测,此处指的是“继续”飞行2个小时在多伦多降落。故选D项。get
on进展;look on旁观;try on试穿;carry on继续。
( ) 14.A.land B.fly C.drive D.sail
[解析] 根据语境以及下文中的“‘Put it down，’ I said.”可知,此处指
的是飞机“降落”。故选A项。 land着陆,降落；fly飞行;drive驾驶;sail
航行。
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( ) 15.A.unfortunately B.hopefully
C.automatically D.universally
[解析] 结合语境以及下文中的“…remain in good health for years
to come.”可知,老人经历此事后能很快恢复,因此有望在未来岁月中
保持健康。故选B项。unfortunately不幸地；hopefully有希望地;
automatically 自动地;universally普遍地。
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Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·江西抚州高二质量监测]
A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another.
It has two kinds—natural satellites and artificial satellites. 1.___
while artificial satellites are those made by man.
Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial
satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeup. On
the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar
panels or sails. Inside, 2.___, which include whatever tools the
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E
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satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-
resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical
ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the
parts together is called the bus.
3.puters function as the satellite's brain, which
receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the
earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite's eyes.
Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light,
heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being
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observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the
earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers
and other equipment.
Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. 4.___.
To stay in the earth's orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust
to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite's speed
works against earth's gravity just enough so that it doesn't go
speeding into space or falling back to the earth.
F
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Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of
orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. 5.___, which
can be 200—500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the
stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at
about 17,000 miles per hour to keep themselves from falling
back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel
more slowly.
A
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A.Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit
B.Artificial satellites come in many shapes and size
C.Examples of natural satellites are the Earth and Moon
D.they have different tools to perform different functions
E.the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments
F.Earth's gravity pulls everything towards the centre of the
planet
G.Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造卫星的组成、
运行方式和速度等基本情况。
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1.___
C
[解析] 根据上文“A satellite…has two kinds—natural satellites and
artificial satellites.”和下文“…while artificial satellites are those
made by man.”可知，上文提到了卫星有两种，天然卫星和人造卫
星，下文提到了人造卫星，空处应该解释什么是天然卫星。C项
(天然卫星的例子是地球和月球)符合语境。故选C。
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2.___
E
[解析] 根据上文“On the outside, they may look like a wheel,
equipped with solar panels or sails.”可知，上文提到人造卫星的外
部构造，下文“…which include…their work.”提到它们内部包含完成
任务所需的工具。因此，空处应该介绍这些工具是什么。E项
(卫星载有特定任务的科学仪器)符合语境。故选E。
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3.___
G
[解析] 根据本段可知，这里详细描述了人造卫星的组成部分以及它
们的功能，各个部分协同工作，使得人造卫星能够执行各种任务。
因此，这里需要一个句子来概括人造卫星的工作方式。G项
(人造卫星像人类一样以一种系统的方式运作)符合语境。故选G。
4.___
F
[解析] 下文提到人造卫星需要调整速度来对抗地球的引力，以保持
运行轨道的稳定。因此，本句需要解释为什么需要这样做。F项
(地球的引力把所有东西都拉向地球的中心)符合语境。故选F。
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5.___
A
[解析] 根据下文“…which can be…Therefore, these satellites must
travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep themselves from
falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can
travel more slowly.”可知，空处需要引出这些卫星的轨道高度。A项
(靠近地球的卫星在近地轨道上)符合语境。故选A。
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Ⅵ 语法填空
[2024·河南豫北名校高二期末]
China plans to expand its space station to six modules(舱)
from three in coming years, a researcher at the China Academy
of Space Technology said on Wednesday.
The space station will play 1.____ important role as “space
home port”, 2.__________ (provide) an alternative platform for
near-Earth missions as the International Space Station (ISS) nears
the end of its lifespan(寿命). The ISS 3.____________ (expect) to
an
providing
is expected
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be decommissioned (退役) after 2030. The lifetime of the
Chinese space station will be more than 15 years. It is longer
than the 10 years the country 4.__________ (previous)
announced.
China's self-built space station, also 5._______ (know) as
Tiangong, or Sky Palace in Chinese, has been 6.___ full
operation since late 2022. And it hosts a maximum of three
astronauts at an orbital altitude of up to 450 kilometres.
previously
known
in
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It will have a weight of 180 tonnes after expansion, about
40 percent of the mass of the ISS, 7._______ has been in orbit
for over two decades.
Regarding the expansion, another module is also in the
plan. Other plans, including the development of large space
telescopes, 3D printers, intelligent robots 8._____ a warning
system, are also underway.
Chinese state media said last year that China would be
matchless as the ISS was approaching 9.___________ (retire), and
added that China had been requested by several countries
10._________ (send) their astronauts to the Chinese station.
which
and
retirement
to send
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国计划在未来几年
内将其“天宫”空间站从三个舱扩展到六个舱，这有着良好的前景。
1.____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。play a(n)…role“发挥……作用”。important的发音
为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。
2.__________
providing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词形式作状语，表示理所
应当的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填providing。
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3.____________
is expected
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。be expected to do
sth“预计做某事”，expect与主语the ISS是被动关系，用被动语态，
描述事实用一般现在时，主语是单数。故填is expected。
4.__________
previously
[解析] 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词announced。故填
previously。
5._______
known
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词形式，know与station是
被动关系，用过去分词形式。 故填known。
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6.___
in
[解析] 考查介词。in operation“在运行中”为固定短语。故填in。
7._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the
ISS，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物。故填which。
8._____
and
[解析] 考查连词。此处为多个名词短语并列，最后一个名词短语前
应用and连接。故填and。
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9.___________
retirement
[解析] 考查名词。此处作approaching的宾语，用名词。故填
retirement。
10._________
to send
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。be requested to do sth“被请求做某事”。
故填to send。
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