Period Three Developing ideas
【课前自主探究】
Task 1 Fast Reading
1.naked 2.understanding 3.see far 4.radio telescope 5.start
Task 2 Careful Reading
1—4 BCAD
Task 3 Micro-writing
1.has been regarded 2.dramatically 3.angled 4.enabling
5.than 6.was launched 7.to see 8.images 9.for 10.which
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.(1)①算出 ②想出,拟出 ③明白,理解 ④进展顺利
⑤锻炼 (2)Working out in the morning
2.(1)①engaged ②engaging (2)①雇用 ②吸引 ③使参与
(3)every student to engage in it
3.(1)①composer ②composition (2)is composed of; is made up of; consists of
4.(1)①invisible ②visibility ③to (2)have no visible effect on the man
句型透视
(1)①to study ②to express ③to do ④to strengthen (2)to visit FrancePeriod Three Developing ideas
Ⅰ.1.self-discipline 2.awesome 3.sneeze
4.straightforward 5.fetch 6.muscles
Ⅱ.1.invisible 2.breathtakingly 3.Currently 4.to submit 5.what 6.knowing 7.distance 8.at
Ⅲ.1.in reality/in fact/as a matter of fact 2.were similar to
3.work out 4.is composed of /is made up of/consists of
5.engaged in 6.at/on the edge of
Ⅳ.1.to have made a groundbreaking discovery
2.was so moved that
3.a more pleasant globe to live on
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种超级计算机驱动的搜索程序的新的系统可以帮助人们发现海洋中的塑料。
1.A 细节理解题。根据首段中的“The majority of plastic that pollutes our planet’s oceans doesn’t float on the surface, but rather underneath the waves. This makes tracking and monitoring the problematic rubbish using technology like satellites challenging for researchers.”可知,污染地球海洋的大部分塑料在海浪之下,这使得使用卫星等技术跟踪和监测有问题的垃圾具有挑战性,由此可知,研究人员在海洋污染方面面临隐藏的塑料的挑战。故选A项。
2.B 段落大意题。根据第二段“As detailed in a study published on June 14 in Nature Communications, a project trained a machine-learning program on 300,000 images of the Mediterranean Sea gathered over six years by the European Space Agency’s Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellite. The team then used this database to identify what are known as windrows—floating filaments (丝状物) composed of garbage and plastic formed by ocean currents and wind.”可知,本段主要介绍的是确认风积丘(windrows)的过程。故选B项。
3.A 词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在的句子“While windrows only account for an extremely small portion of overall ocean litter, researchers theorized the rubbish could serve as proxies for pollution hot spots.”可知,风积丘占海洋垃圾的很小部分,结合下文中的“Between July 2015 and September 2021, the team detected and monitored a total of 14, 374 windrows—an exponential (越来越快的) increase in documented litter structures.”可知,该团队共检测并监测了14 374个风积丘——记录的垃圾结构增长速度越来越快,由此可推断,这些风积丘可以看作是垃圾的标志,所以画线单词的意思与“标志”意义相近。故选A项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Further analyses allowed the team to infer a number of influences, such as nearby population distribution, geography, and rainfall, on where and when ocean litter piles up. A region that frequently experiences heavy rain more often carries garbage out into the water, where coastal desert areas may contribute far less.”可知,研究小组推断出一些影响海洋垃圾堆积的地点和时间的因素,包括附近的人口分布、地理位置和降雨等,进而在下文中提到了经常下雨的地区和沿海沙漠地区的垃圾的情况,由此可推断,文章提到沿海沙漠地区是为了证实研究小组的推断。故选C项。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了宇航员Irwin在登上月球时携带着朋友的火山岩并把它放在了月球上的故事。
1.B 在宇航员成功登上月球之前,他们在Bend小镇接受训练。make it为固定短语,意为“获得成功”,符合句意。故选B。
2.D 根据上文中的“Before the astronauts ever…it to the moon, they trained in Bend.”可知,James Irwin是一名宇航员,来到Bend小镇接受登月训练。practice意为“练习,训练”,符合句意。故选D。adventure冒险;research研究;amusement消遣;practice训练,练习。
3.A 根据下文中的“…who was the building inspector for the city.”可以推断,Floyd Watson应该是当地居民。故选A。local 当地的;aggressive侵略的;awesome令人惊叹的;academic 学术的。
4.B 根据下文的“When the news that his old friend would go to the moon came to Watson’s…”可知,Irwin被选出来参与登月计划。故选B。carry out 执行;pick out 挑出;rule out 排除;check out 调查。
5.C 根据下文Watson给朋友写信及信的内容可知,此处表示Watson得知了这一消息。come to one’s knowledge意为“被某人知道”。故选C。sense感觉;rescue营救;knowledge知晓,了解;assistance援助。
6.A 根据空后的in paper及下文“Then he posted it to Irwin with a letter…”可推测出Watson将火山岩用纸包起来。故选A。envelop 包住;measure 测量;design设计;transform 使改变。
7.C 此处指Watson写信祝贺Irwin即将登月。故选C。thank感谢;welcome欢迎;congratulate祝贺;follow跟着。
8.D 根据下文the small piece of可知,火山岩不大。故选D。huge 巨大的;valuable 贵重的;lifelike 栩栩如生的;tiny 小的。
9.B 根据空后的to the moon及下文的“I did carry your piece of lava to the moon and left it there…”可知,Watson想让Irwin将火山岩运送到月球上去。故选B。fly 空运;deliver 递送;orbit 绕轨道运行;float 使漂浮。
10.C 根据下文的“…Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin.”可知,Watson觉得Irwin的回信是意外的,因此可推断出Watson对这封信并没有太在意。think little of意为“不在意”。故选C。
11.D 根据语境可知,Irwin和其他两人前往月球。此处journey用作动词,表示“(尤指长途)旅行”。故选D。escape逃脱;rush冲;wander徘徊;journey(尤指长途)旅行。
12.B 结合下文Watson收到信可知,此处是指Irwin从月球上回来了。故选B。arrival到达;return返回;application应用;campaign运动。
13.C 根据下文中的the letter and the picture可知,Irwin 随信还附了一张有火山岩的照片。故选C。postcard明信片;drawing图画;photo照片;note笔记。
14.D mark在此是动词,意为“做标记,做记号”,be marked with在此意为“用……标注”。此处是指用箭头和话语标注。故选D。
15.B 结合下文的“And, of course, he never looked at the moon the same way again.”可知,对Watson来说这封信和这张照片是非常珍贵的。故选B。reliable可靠的;precious珍贵的;conventional 传统的;realistic现实的。Period Three Developing ideas
Task 1: Fast Reading
Task 2: Careful Reading
( )1.What do we know about the Milky Way
A.It’s one of billions of stars.
B.It’s one galaxy among billions of other galaxies.
C.It’s a huge island of light.
D.It’s a world like ours.
( )2.The first telescope helped people better understand many things EXCEPT .
A.the Sun is not the only star in space
B.the universe is much larger than we thought
C.the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed
D.the Milky Way is just one galaxy among billions of others
( )3.What does the phrase “Eye of Heaven” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.The FAST telescope.
B.The Hubble Space Telescope.
C.The mysterious night sky.
D.The dark matter.
( )4.What is the author’s purpose of writing this text
A.To uncover the mystery of space.
B.To draw people’s attention to the night sky.
C.To inspire people to see further into the night sky.
D.To introduce the history of humans exploring the universe.
Task 3: Micro-writing
The night sky 1. (regard) as an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. People have never stopped exploring the mystery of the night sky using different devices.
Thousands of years ago, it was believed that the huge eyes of the bronze statues from the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui were able to look across great distances into the stars. Our power to see the sky changed 2. (dramatic) with the first telescope 3. (angle) at the night sky, 4. (enable) us to understand that the universe is far larger 5. we previously imagined. In 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope 6. (launch) into orbit which allowed us 7. (see) so many breathtakingly beautiful 8. (image) of our universe taken from beyond Earth. In 2016, the FAST telescope was completed in China. It is used in the search 9. dark matter, 10. cannot be observed by ordinary telescopes.
The advanced telescopes will allow us to see further and further into space. Still, so much of the universe remains unexplored that we have a long way to go.
1.work out 理解, 明白; 锻炼; 进展顺利; 解决, 算出; 想出, 拟出(计划、安排)
(教材P91)Not only that—it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.
不仅如此,它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质,且发现了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①Can you work out how much your holiday journey will cost
②The first thing that you should do is work out a plan.
③[2022·全国甲卷] The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
④You don’t have to be so disappointed. Things will work out well.
⑤She works out in the gym three times a week.
(2)完成句子
provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
除了身体健康之外,早上锻炼还有其他好处。(话题写作之健康的生活方式)
2.be engaged in 从事于……;忙于……
(教材P92)To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙,很多国家现在都投入到研发更先进的望远镜中。
(1)engaged adj. 忙于……的;(电话)占线的;
已订婚的
be engaged to sb 与某人订婚
(2)engage v. 参与, 参加;吸引;雇用
engage in sth 从事, 参加
engage sb in sth 使……从事/参加……
(3)engagement n. 订婚,约会,约定
(4)engaging adj. 有趣的;令人愉快的;迷人的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Despite his illness, he remained actively (engage) in translating documents.
②His (engage) personality made him popular with his peers.
(2)一词多义
①I have engaged a secretary to deal with all my paperwork.
②By delivering the content in a meaningful way, this new approach to learning manages to engage students’ interest and enhance learning efficiency.
③She tried desperately to engage him in conversation.
(3)完成句子
On behalf of the school English newspaper, I am earnestly appealing to . (v.)
我谨代表学校的英文报,诚挚地呼吁每一位同学参加它。(应用文写作之倡议书)
3.compose v. 组成,构成;作曲;创作
(教材P92)The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”, as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.
众所周知,这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成,普通望远镜是观测不到的。
(1)be composed of=be made up of=consist of
由……组成
(2)composer n. 作曲家;创作者
(3)composition n. 作文;作曲;(绘画的)构图
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The famous (compose) always got his inspiration by watching movies and reading novels.
②There may be some mistakes in my (compose). If any, please point them out.
(2)一句多译
→The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately things-in-themselves that are unknowable. (compose)
→The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately things-in-themselves that are unknowable. (make)
→The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately things-in-themselves that are unknowable. (consist)
18世纪的哲学家康德认为,宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。(话题写作之太空探索)
4.invisible adj. 看不见的;隐形的
(教材P92) The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”, as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.
众所周知,这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成,普通望远镜是观测不到的。
(1)be invisible to 对……来说是不可见的
(2)visible adj. 可见的;明显的
be visible to 对……来说是可见的
(3) visibility n. 可见度;能见度
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①When I enter this classroom, I always feel the (visible) pressure of study, for I have so many opponents to compete with.
②[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international (visible), said Edmondson.
③I wanted to find a way to make these great contributions visible the whole world.
(2)完成句子
John began to feel little beads of sweat going down the back of his neck. His words seemed to .
约翰开始感到小小的汗珠顺着后脖颈流了下来。他的话对那个男子似乎没有什么明显的作用。
(教材P90)Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable.当第一台望远镜对准夜空时,我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化,它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力,而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。
动词不定式(短语)作定语
句型公式
【句式点拨】
句中to investigate and thus understand space是不定式短语作后置定语,修饰power。
【相关拓展】
(1)英语里,“序数词(the first, the second…)(+名词)+不定式”表示“是做某事的第……人”。如:
We were the first to congratulate the bride and groom.
我们是最先向新娘、新郎表示祝贺的人。
(2)有些名词,如ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, right, time, way, wish等,后面常接不定式作定语。如:
He had a magical way to make his classes lively and interesting.
他有一种奇妙的方法来使他的课生动有趣。
(3)不定式与其所修饰的词常构成逻辑上的动宾关系,因此,当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,其后须加上适当的介词,构成及物动词短语。如:
You can take along with you some CDs to listen to during the long journey.
这次长途旅行,你可以带上一些CD听。
Not having a chair to sit on, I had to stand against the wall.
由于没椅子坐,我只好靠墙站着。
(4)不定式作定语,常表示将来的动作。如:
We need someone to help with the work.
我们需要有人来帮忙干这项工作。
In their speech they expressed their determination to catch up with us.
他们在讲话中表达了他们要赶上我们的决心。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The journey gave him the chance (study) various living things in their natural environments.
②The ability (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
③I don’t think he is the best man (do) the job because he is very careless.
④The best way (strengthen) willpower is to make it into a habit.
(2)完成句子
To my great delight, my wish has come true at last.
让我非常高兴的是,我参观法国的愿望终于实现了。Period Three Developing ideas
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.His success in school was largely attributed to his strong (自律), which allowed him to focus on his studies and avoid distractions.
2.Madame Curie is often remembered for her (了不起的) contributions to science, particularly in the field of radioactivity.
3.He tried to hold back his (喷嚏), but it was too powerful and escaped in a loud, sudden burst.
4.She was known for her s approach to problem-solving, always cutting through the complexity to find the simplest solution.
5.The child’s sudden scream made her mother rush to f her from the playground.
6.Although I used to be so slow, my leg m have been strengthened through practices.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.With the help of a telescope , we can see numberless stars (visible) to the naked eye .
2.From the mountaintop, we saw the (breathtaking) vast landscape with our outstretched arms, feeling tiny yet connected to nature.
3. (current), the long unpleasant past continues to cast a shadow on her present happiness.
4.Applicants are required (submit) their personal presentations and academic papers.
5.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into we do that benefits our work most.
6.We lived from hand to mouth, never (know) where the next meal was coming from.
7.A (distant) of five miles separated the two towns, making it a perfect route for a leisurely bike ride.
8.Driving high speed on the expressway can be hazardous at times.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.She seemed calm and quite confident during the competition, but (事实上) she was extremely nervous.
2.Ultimately , it turned out that our ideas (与……相似) theirs in many aspects.
3.After hours of collaboration, the team was finally able to (解决) the difficult problem that had been hindering their progress on the project.
4.As far as I know, the committee (由……组成) representatives from all walks of life.
5.The researchers (忙于,从事于)a study are delving deeper into the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems.
6.You can feel absolute freedom, standing (在……的边缘)the Grand Canyon.
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1.The scientist is believed in the field of renewable energy.
人们相信这位科学家在可再生能源领域有了突破性的发现。
2.I I extended my heartfelt gratitude to him.
我如此感动,以至于向他表示衷心的感谢。
3.At that time, I’ll be living in a smart house automatically controlled by domestic robots and the earth will be .(不定式作定语)
那时,我将生活在一个由家用机器人自动控制的智能住宅中,地球将成为一个更宜居的星球。
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·山东潍坊高二期末]
The majority of plastic that pollutes our planet’s oceans doesn’t float on the surface, but rather underneath the waves. This makes tracking and monitoring the problematic rubbish using technology like satellites challenging for researchers. But a new system of a supercomputer-powered search program could help enable satellites for the task. With additional research and fine tuning, it has become a valuable tool in tackling the global issue.
As detailed in a study published on June 14 in Nature Communications, a project trained a machine-learning program on 300,000 images of the Mediterranean Sea gathered over six years by the European Space Agency’s Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellite. The team then used this database to identify what are known as windrows—floating filaments (丝状物) composed of garbage and plastic formed by ocean currents and wind.
Windrows, frequently short-lived structures, can extend for miles before spreading into the ocean. While windrows only account for an extremely small portion of overall ocean litter, researchers theorized the rubbish could serve as proxies for pollution hot spots. Between July 2015 and September 2021, the team detected and monitored a total of 14,374 windrows—an exponential (越来越快的) increase in documented litter structures. Many of the windrows located by satellite images were then subsequently checked by ships in the region. In total, the pollution is estimated to have covered 94.5 square kilometres, an area equal to roughly 7,500 soccer fields.
Further analyses allowed the team to infer a number of influences, such as nearby population distribution, geography, and rainfall, on where and when ocean litter piles up. A region that frequently experiences heavy rain more often carries garbage out into the water, where coastal desert areas may contribute far less. These hot spots are also primarily located within 15km of a coast and frequently return to shore within the following weeks or months.
“Ocean litter mirrors the failures of our civilization to manage waste,” the team writes in their study. “Satellite-based observations are one of the best hopes for large-scale monitoring.”
( )1.What challenge do researchers face concerning ocean pollution
A.The hidden plastic.
B.The unstable currents.
C.The fund shortage.
D.The inadequate satellites.
( )2.What is the focus of Paragraph 2
A.The property of windrows.
B.The process of confirming windrows.
C.The way of constructing a database.
D.The study of a machine-learning program.
( )3.What does the underlined word “proxies” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Signs. B.Components.
C.Defenders. D.Solutions.
( )4.Why does the writer mention coastal desert areas
A.To emphasize their impact.
B.To advocate ocean protection.
C.To prove the team’s inference.
D.To introduce another influence.
●Ⅵ 完形填空
Bend, a small town in Oregon, is called “moon country”. Before the astronauts ever 1 it to the moon, they trained in Bend. When James Irwin came to Bend for 2 , he made friends with Floyd Watson, a(n) 3 resident, who was the building inspector for the city. Five years later, Irwin was 4 for the Apollo 15 moon landing.
When the news that his old friend would go to the moon came to Watson’s 5 , he chose a piece of lava, near Devil’s Lake, and 6 it in paper. Then he posted it to Irwin with a letter where he 7 him and made a request, “I am sending you a 8 piece of Central Oregon lava, which I hope you will be able to 9 to the moon for me.” Off went the letter, and Watson thought 10 of it. A few months later, on July 26, 1971, Irwin 11 to the moon with David Scott and Alfred Worden.
And a few weeks after their 12 , Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin. “I did carry your piece of lava to the moon and left it there,” Irwin wrote and enclosed a 13 of it, with the small piece of Oregon lava 14 with an arrow and the words “Oregon lava on the moon!” For Watson, the letter and the picture were 15 . And, of course, he never looked at the moon the same way again.
( )1.A.suspended B.made
C.took D.grasped
( )2.A.adventure B.research
C.amusement D.practice
( )3.A.local B.aggressive
C.awesome D.academic
( )4.A.carried out B.picked out
C.ruled out D.checked out
( )5.A.sense B.rescue
C.knowledge D.assistance
( )6.A.enveloped B.measured
C.designed D.transformed
( )7.A.thanked B.welcomed
C.congratulated D.followed
( )8.A.huge B.valuable
C.lifelike D.tiny
( )9.A.fly B.deliver
C.orbit D.float
( )10.A.much B.highly
C.little D.low
( )11.A.escaped B.rushed
C.wandered D.journeyed
( )12.A.arrival B.return
C.application D.campaign
( )13.A.postcard B.drawing
C.photo D.note
( )14.A.equipped B.decorated
C.covered D.marked
( )15.A.reliable B.precious
C.conventional D.realistic(共66张PPT)
Period Three
Developing ideas
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
练习册
Task 1： Fast Reading
naked
understanding
see far
radio telescope
start
Task 2： Careful Reading
( ) 1.What do we know about the Milky Way
A.It's one of billions of stars.
B.It's one galaxy among billions of other galaxies.
C.It's a huge island of light.
D.It's a world like ours.
√
( ) 2.The first telescope helped people better understand
many things EXCEPT ________.
A.the Sun is not the only star in space
B.the universe is much larger than we thought
C.the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed
D.the Milky Way is just one galaxy among billions of others
√
( ) 3.What does the phrase “Eye of Heaven” in Paragraph 4
refer to
A.The FAST telescope.
B.The Hubble Space Telescope.
C.The mysterious night sky.
D.The dark matter.
√
( ) 4.What is the author's purpose of writing this text
A.To uncover the mystery of space.
B.To draw people's attention to the night sky.
C.To inspire people to see further into the night sky.
D.To introduce the history of humans exploring the universe.
√
Task 3： Micro-writing
The night sky 1.___________________ (regard) as an endless
source of fascination since the start of human history. People
have never stopped exploring the mystery of the night sky
using different devices.
Thousands of years ago， it was believed that the huge
eyes of the bronze statues from the Chinese archeological site
at Sanxingdui were able to look across great distances into the
stars. Our power to see the sky changed 2.____________
(dramatic) with the first telescope 3.________ (angle) at the
has been regarded
dramatically
angled
night sky， 4._________ (enable) us to understand that the
universe is far larger 5.______ we previously imagined. In 1990，
the Hubble Space Telescope 6.______________ (launch) into orbit
which allowed us 7._______ (see) so many breathtakingly
beautiful 8.________ (image) of our universe taken from beyond
Earth. In 2016， the FAST telescope was completed in China. It
is used in the search 9.____ dark matter， 10._______ cannot
be observed by ordinary telescopes.
The advanced telescopes will allow us to see further and
further into space. Still， so much of the universe remains
unexplored that we have a long way to go.
enabling
than
was launched
to see
images
for
which
1.work out 理解， 明白; 锻炼; 进展顺利; 解决， 算出; 想出，
拟出(计划、安排)
(教材P91)Not only that—it has also helped us to work out the
age and nature of the universe， and discover the incredible
fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.
不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发
现了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①Can you work out how much your holiday journey will cost
______
②The first thing that you should do is work out a
plan.__________
算出
想出,拟出
③[2022·全国甲卷] The next step， according to the researchers，
is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on
visual clues (线索)， or also use a sense of touch in making
their shape selections.__________
明白,理解
④You don't have to be so disappointed. Things will work out
well.__________
进展顺利
⑤She works out in the gym three times a week.______
锻炼
(2)完成句子
___________________________ provides additional benefits
beyond being physically fit.
除了身体健康之外，早上锻炼还有其他好处。(话题写作之健康的生
活方式)
Working out in the morning
2.be engaged in 从事于……;忙于……
(教材P92)To see even further into the universe， many countries
are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家现在都投入到研发更先进的
望远镜中。
(1)engaged adj. 忙于……的;(电话)占线的;已订婚的
be engaged to sb 与某人订婚
(2)engage v. 参与， 参加;吸引;雇用
engage in sth 从事， 参加
engage sb in sth 使……从事/参加……
(3)engagement n. 订婚，约会，约定
(4)engaging adj. 有趣的；令人愉快的；迷人的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Despite his illness， he remained actively _________ (engage)
in translating documents.
②His __________ (engage) personality made him popular with
his peers.
engaged
engaging
(2)一词多义
①I have engaged a secretary to deal with all my paperwork.
______
雇用
②By delivering the content in a meaningful way， this new
approach to learning manages to engage students' interest and
enhance learning efficiency. ______
吸引
③She tried desperately to engage him in conversation.________
使参与
(3)完成句子
On behalf of the school English newspaper， I am earnestly
appealing to _____________________________. (v.)
我谨代表学校的英文报，诚挚地呼吁每一位同学参加它。
(应用文写作之倡议书)
every student to engage in it
3.compose v. 组成，构成;作曲;创作
(教材P92)The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”， as it is
known， is being used in the search for dark matter， thought
to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary
telescopes.
众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗
物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，普通望远镜是观测不到的。
(1)be composed of=be made up of=consist of 由……组成
(2)composer n. 作曲家;创作者
(3)composition n. 作文;作曲;(绘画的)构图
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The famous __________ (compose) always got his inspiration
by watching movies and reading novels.
②There may be some mistakes in my ____________ (compose).
If any， please point them out.
composer
composition
(2)一句多译
→The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe
ultimately ________________ things-in-themselves that are
unknowable. (compose)
→The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe
ultimately _______________ things-in-themselves that are
unknowable. (make)
is composed of
is made up of
→The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe
ultimately ___________ things-in-themselves that are unknowable.
(consist)
18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。
(话题写作之太空探索)
consists of
4.invisible adj. 看不见的;隐形的
(教材P92) The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”， as it is
known， is being used in the search for dark matter， thought
to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary
telescopes.
众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗
物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，普通望远镜是观测不到的。
(1)be invisible to 对……来说是不可见的
(2)visible adj. 可见的;明显的
be visible to 对……来说是可见的
(3) visibility n. 可见度;能见度
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①When I enter this classroom， I always feel the _________
(visible) pressure of study， for I have so many opponents to
compete with.
invisible
②[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Those cultural elements have increased
Stratford's international ________ (visible)， said Edmondson.
③I wanted to find a way to make these great contributions
visible ____ the whole world.
visibility
to
(2)完成句子
John began to feel little beads of sweat going down the back
of his neck. His words seemed to ___________________________
______.
约翰开始感到小小的汗珠顺着后脖颈流了下来。他的话对那个男子
似乎没有什么明显的作用。
have no visible effect on the man
(教材P90)Our power to investigate and thus understand space
changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at
the night sky， increasing as it did the power of the human
eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far
larger than was previously imaginable.当第一台望远镜对准夜空
时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强
了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大
得多。
句型公式
动词不定式(短语)作定语
【句式点拨】
句中to investigate and thus understand space是不定式短语作后
置定语，修饰power。
【相关拓展】
(1)英语里，“序数词(the first， the second…)(+名词)+不定式”表示
“是做某事的第……人”。如:
We were the first to congratulate the bride and groom.
我们是最先向新娘、新郎表示祝贺的人。
(2)有些名词，如ability， chance， desire， decision， effort，
intention， need， opportunity， plan， promise， right， time，
way， wish等，后面常接不定式作定语。如:
He had a magical way to make his classes lively and interesting.
他有一种奇妙的方法来使他的课生动有趣。
(3)不定式与其所修饰的词常构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，当不定
式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后须加上适当的介词，构成及物动
词短语。如:
You can take along with you some CDs to listen to during the
long journey.
这次长途旅行，你可以带上一些CD听。
Not having a chair to sit on， I had to stand against the wall.
由于没椅子坐，我只好靠墙站着。
(4)不定式作定语，常表示将来的动作。如:
We need someone to help with the work.
我们需要有人来帮忙干这项工作。
In their speech they expressed their determination to catch up
with us.
他们在讲话中表达了他们要赶上我们的决心。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The journey gave him the chance _________ (study) various
living things in their natural environments.
②The ability ___________ (express) an idea is as important as
the idea itself.
③I don't think he is the best man _______ (do) the job
because he is very careless.
④The best way ______________ (strengthen) willpower is to
make it into a habit.
to study
to express
to do
to strengthen
(2)完成句子
To my great delight， my wish ______________ has come true
at last.
让我非常高兴的是，我参观法国的愿望终于实现了。
to visit France
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.His success in school was largely attributed to his strong
______________ (自律), which allowed him to focus on his
studies and avoid distractions.
self-discipline
2.Madame Curie is often remembered for her __________
(了不起的) contributions to science, particularly in the field of
radioactivity.
awesome
3.He tried to hold back his ________ (喷嚏), but it was too
powerful and escaped in a loud, sudden burst.
sneeze
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.She was known for her s_______________ approach to
problem-solving, always cutting through the complexity to find
the simplest solution.
traightforward
5.The child's sudden scream made her mother rush to f______
her from the playground.
etch
6.Although I used to be so slow, my leg m_________ have
been strengthened through practices.
uscles
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅱ 单句填空
1.With the help of a telescope, we can see numberless stars
_________ (visible) to the naked eye.
invisible
2.From the mountaintop, we saw the ______________
(breathtaking) vast landscape with our outstretched arms, feeling
tiny yet connected to nature.
breathtakingly
3.__________ (current), the long unpleasant past continues to
cast a shadow on her present happiness.
Currently
4.Applicants are required __________ (submit) their personal
presentations and academic papers.
to submit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into
______ we do that benefits our work most.
what
6.We lived from hand to mouth, never _________ (know) where
the next meal was coming from.
knowing
7.A _________ (distant) of five miles separated the two towns,
making it a perfect route for a leisurely bike ride.
distance
8.Driving ___ high speed on the expressway can be hazardous
at times.
at
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅱ 单句填空
1.She seemed calm and quite confident during the competition,
but __________________________________ (事实上) she was
extremely nervous.
in reality/in fact/as a matter of fact
2.Ultimately, it turned out that our ideas _______________
(与……相似) theirs in many aspects.
were similar to
3.After hours of collaboration, the team was finally able to
__________ (解决) the difficult problem that had been hindering
their progress on the project.
work out
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.As far as I know, the committee ___________________________
________________ (由……组成) representatives from all walks of
life.
is composed of /is made up of/consists of
5.The researchers ____________ (忙于,从事于)a study are delving
deeper into the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems.
engaged in
6.You can feel absolute freedom, standing __________________
(在……的边缘)the Grand Canyon.
at/on the edge of
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ 句型训练
1.The scientist is believed ________________________________
_________ in the field of renewable energy.
人们相信这位科学家在可再生能源领域有了突破性的发现。
to have made a groundbreaking discovery
2.I ___________________ I extended my heartfelt gratitude to
him.
我如此感动,以至于向他表示衷心的感谢。
was so moved that
1
2
3
3.At that time, I'll be living in a smart house automatically
controlled by domestic robots and the earth will be
________________________________.(不定式作定语)
那时，我将生活在一个由家用机器人自动控制的智能住宅中，地球
将成为一个更宜居的星球。
a more pleasant globe to live on
1
2
3
Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·山东潍坊高二期末]
The majority of plastic that pollutes our planet's oceans
doesn't float on the surface, but rather underneath the waves.
This makes tracking and monitoring the problematic rubbish
using technology like satellites challenging for researchers. But a
new system of a supercomputer-powered search program could
help enable satellites for the task.
1
2
3
4
With additional research and fine tuning, it has become a
valuable tool in tackling the global issue.
As detailed in a study published on June 14 in Nature
Communications, a project trained a machine-learning program
on 300,000 images of the Mediterranean Sea gathered over six
years by the European Space Agency's Copernicus Sentinel-2
satellite. The team then used this database to identify what are
known as windrows—floating filaments (丝状物) composed of
garbage and plastic formed by ocean currents and wind.
1
2
3
4
Windrows, frequently short-lived structures, can extend for
miles before spreading into the ocean. While windrows only
account for an extremely small portion of overall ocean litter,
researchers theorized the rubbish could serve as proxies for
pollution hot spots. Between July 2015 and September 2021, the
team detected and monitored a total of 14,374 windrows—an
exponential (越来越快的) increase in documented litter structures.
Many of the windrows located by satellite images were then
subsequently checked by ships in the region.
1
2
3
4
In total, the pollution is estimated to have covered 94.5 square
kilometres, an area equal to roughly 7,500 soccer fields.
Further analyses allowed the team to infer a number of
influences, such as nearby population distribution, geography,
and rainfall, on where and when ocean litter piles up. A region
that frequently experiences heavy rain more often carries
garbage out into the water, where coastal desert areas may
contribute far less. These hot spots are also primarily located
within 15km of a coast and frequently return to shore within
the following weeks or months.
1
2
3
4
“Ocean litter mirrors the failures of our civilization to
manage waste,” the team writes in their study. “Satellite-based
observations are one of the best hopes for large-scale
monitoring.”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种超级计算机
驱动的搜索程序的新的系统可以帮助人们发现海洋中的塑料。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.What challenge do researchers face concerning ocean
pollution
A.The hidden plastic. B.The unstable currents.
C.The fund shortage. D.The inadequate satellites.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 细节理解题。根据首段中的“The majority of plastic that
pollutes our planet's oceans doesn't float on the surface, but
rather underneath the waves. This makes tracking and
monitoring the problematic rubbish using technology like
satellites challenging for researchers.”可知，污染地球海洋的大部分
塑料在海浪之下，这使得使用卫星等技术跟踪和监测有问题的垃圾
具有挑战性，由此可知，研究人员在海洋污染方面面临隐藏的塑料
的挑战。故选A项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.What is the focus of Paragraph 2
A.The property of windrows.
B.The process of confirming windrows.
C.The way of constructing a database.
D.The study of a machine-learning program.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 段落大意题。根据第二段“As detailed in a study published
on June 14 in Nature Communications, a project trained a
machine-learning program on 300,000 images of the
Mediterranean Sea gathered over six years by the European
Space Agency's Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellite. The team then
used this database to identify what are known as windrows—
floating filaments (丝状物) composed of garbage and plastic
formed by ocean currents and wind.”可知，本段主要介绍的是确
认风积丘(windrows)的过程。故选B项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What does the underlined word “proxies” in Paragraph
3 mean
A.Signs. B.Components. C.Defenders. D.Solutions.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在的句子“While windrows
only account for an extremely small portion of overall ocean
litter, researchers theorized the rubbish could serve as proxies
for pollution hot spots.”可知，风积丘占海洋垃圾的很小部分，结
合下文中的“Between July 2015 and September 2021, the team
detected and monitored a total of 14, 374 windrows—an
exponential (越来越快的) increase in documented litter structures.”
可知，该团队共检测并监测了14 374个风积丘——记录的垃圾结构
增长速度越来越快，由此可推断，这些风积丘可以看作是垃圾的标
志，所以画线单词的意思与“标志”意义相近。故选A项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.Why does the writer mention coastal desert areas
A.To emphasize their impact.
B.To advocate ocean protection.
C.To prove the team's inference.
D.To introduce another influence.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Further analyses allowed
the team to infer a number of influences, such as nearby
population distribution, geography, and rainfall, on where and
when ocean litter piles up. A region that frequently experiences
heavy rain more often carries garbage out into the water, where
coastal desert areas may contribute far less.”可知，研究小组推断
出一些影响海洋垃圾堆积的地点和时间的因素，包括附近的人口分
布、地理位置和降雨等，进而在下文中提到了经常下雨的地区和沿
海沙漠地区的垃圾的情况，由此可推断，文章提到沿海沙漠地区是
为了证实研究小组的推断。故选C项。
1
2
3
4
Ⅵ 完形填空
Bend, a small town in Oregon, is called “moon country”.
Before the astronauts ever . .1. . it to the moon, they trained in
Bend. When James Irwin came to Bend for . .2. ., he made
friends with Floyd Watson, a(n) . .3. . resident, who was the
building inspector for the city. Five years later, Irwin was . .4. . for
the Apollo 15 moon landing.
When the news that his old friend would go to the moon
came to Watson's . .5. ., he chose a piece of lava, near Devil's
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Lake, and . .6. . it in paper. Then he posted it to Irwin with a
letter where he . .7. . him and made a request, “I am sending
you a . .8. . piece of Central Oregon lava, which I hope you will
be able to . .9. . to the moon for me.” Off went the letter, and
Watson thought . .10. . of it. A few months later, on July
26, 1971, Irwin . .11. . to the moon with David Scott and Alfred
Worden.
And a few weeks after their . .12. ., Watson got an
unexpected letter from Irwin. “I did carry your piece of lava to
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
the moon and left it there,” Irwin wrote and enclosed a . .13. . of
it, with the small piece of Oregon lava . .14. . with an arrow and
the words “Oregon lava on the moon!” For Watson， the letter
and the picture were . .15. .. And, of course, he never looked at
the moon the same way again.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了宇航员Irwin在登上月
球时携带着朋友的火山岩并把它放在了月球上的故事。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 1.A.suspended B.made C.took D.grasped
[解析] 在宇航员成功登上月球之前,他们在Bend小镇接受训练。
make it为固定短语,意为“获得成功”,符合句意。故选B。
( ) 2.A.adventure B.research C.amusement D.practice
[解析] 根据上文中的“Before the astronauts ever…it to the moon,
they trained in Bend.”可知,James Irwin是一名宇航员,来到Bend小镇
接受登月训练。practice意为“练习,训练”,符合句意。故选D。
adventure冒险;research研究;amusement消遣；practice训练，练习。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 3.A.local B.aggressive C.awesome D.academic
[解析] 根据下文中的“…who was the building inspector for the
city.”可以推断，Floyd Watson应该是当地居民。故选A。local 当地
的；aggressive侵略的；awesome令人惊叹的；academic 学术的。
( ) 4.A.carried out B.picked out
C.ruled out D.checked out
[解析] 根据下文的“When the news that his old friend would go
to the moon came to Watson's…”可知,Irwin被选出来参与登月计划。
故选B。carry out 执行；pick out 挑出；rule out 排除；check out
调查。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 5.A.sense B.rescue C.knowledge D.assistance
[解析] 根据下文Watson给朋友写信及信的内容可知,此处表示
Watson得知了这一消息。come to one's knowledge意为“被某人知
道”。故选C。sense感觉;rescue营救;knowledge知晓，了解；
assistance援助。
( ) 6.A.enveloped B.measured C.designed D.transformed
[解析] 根据空后的in paper及下文“Then he posted it to Irwin with
a letter…”可推测出Watson将火山岩用纸包起来。故选A。envelop
包住；measure 测量；design设计；transform 使改变。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( ) 7.A.thanked B.welcomed
C.congratulated D.followed
[解析] 此处指Watson写信祝贺Irwin即将登月。故选C。thank感
谢;welcome欢迎;congratulate祝贺;follow跟着。
( ) 8.A.huge B.valuable C.lifelike D.tiny
[解析] 根据下文the small piece of可知,火山岩不大。故选D。huge
巨大的；valuable 贵重的；lifelike 栩栩如生的；tiny 小的。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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( ) 9.A.fly B.deliver C.orbit D.float
[解析] 根据空后的to the moon及下文的“I did carry your piece of
lava to the moon and left it there…”可知,Watson想让Irwin将火山
岩运送到月球上去。故选B。fly 空运；deliver 递送；orbit 绕轨道
运行；float 使漂浮。
( ) 10.A.much B.highly C.little D.low
[解析] 根据下文的“…Watson got an unexpected letter from
Irwin.”可知,Watson觉得Irwin的回信是意外的，因此可推断出Watson
对这封信并没有太在意。think little of意为“不在意”。故选C。
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( ) 11.A.escaped B.rushed C.wandered D.journeyed
[解析] 根据语境可知,Irwin和其他两人前往月球。此处journey用作动
词,表示“(尤指长途)旅行”。故选D。escape逃脱;rush冲;wander徘徊;
journey(尤指长途)旅行。
( ) 12.A.arrival B.return C.application D.campaign
[解析] 结合下文Watson收到信可知,此处是指Irwin从月球上回来了。
故选B。arrival到达;return返回;application应用;campaign运动。
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( ) 13.A.postcard B.drawing C.photo D.note
[解析] 根据下文中的the letter and the picture可知,Irwin 随信还附
了一张有火山岩的照片。故选C。postcard明信片;drawing图画;
photo照片;note笔记。
( ) 14.A.equipped B.decorated C.covered D.marked
[解析] mark在此是动词,意为“做标记,做记号”,be marked with在此
意为“用……标注”。此处是指用箭头和话语标注。故选D。
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( ) 15.A.reliable B.precious
C.conventional D.realistic
[解析] 结合下文的“And, of course, he never looked at the moon
the same way again.”可知,对Watson来说这封信和这张照片是非常
珍贵的。故选B。reliable可靠的;precious珍贵的；conventional 传统
的;realistic现实的。
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