人教版高一英语必修一Welcome Unit 语法-英语的基本句型总结及翻译练习
英语五种基本句型
英语五种基本句型列式:
基本句型一:S+V (主+谓)
基本句型二:S+V+p (主+系+表)
基本句型三:,S+V+O(主+谓+宾)
基本句型四:S+V+O+O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五:S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
句型1:S+V (主+谓)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
1. The sun was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2.The moon rose.月亮升起了。
3.The universe remains.宇宙长存。
4.We all breathe,eat,and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5.Who cares?管它呢?
6.What he said does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。
7.They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。
8.The pen writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
翻译句子 请使用句型(1)翻译下列句子。
1.我头痛。(ache)
2.我的计划已经改变了。(change)
3.这趟班机晚上九点半钟起飞。(take off)
4.我来自一个受过良好教育的家庭。(come,well-educated)
5.我2011年2月8日上午抵达上海。(get to)
句型2:S+V+P (主+系+表)
此句型句子谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。
2.The dinner smells good.这顿饭闻起来好香。
3.He fell in love.他坠入了情网。
4.Everything looks different.一切看起来都不同了。
5.He is growing tall and strong.他长得又高又壮
6.The trouble is that they are short of money.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7.Our well has gone dry.我们的井干涸了。
8.His face turned red.他的脸红了。
其中的联系动词主要是be以及become。作表语最典型的词类是形容词,也可以是表示职业身份或类别的名词,还可以是介词短语、分词、不定式、动名词等。
一般不能用副词作表语,但某些表示地点的副词或与介词同形的副词可以在be后面作表语,如here,there,over there,back,abroad,outside,below, in,up,down, off,over,by等。
注意:有一些半系动词后面则通常只能接形容词而不是副词作表语。常见的有:
表示“是”的有:prove(证明是),seem(似乎是),appear(好像是),remain(依然是);
表示“变成”的有:grow,turn,get,go;
表示“......起来”的有:taste(尝起来),look,sound,feel,smell。
可以用口诀“四·是'四·变'五·......起来””加以记忆。
另外,come true,fall asleep等也属于固定搭配型·系表'结构。
翻译句子 请使用句型(2)翻译下列句子。
1.我是一名高三学生。(be)
2.没有什么不可能!(be)
3.我越来越担心即将到来的高考。(become,increasingly,用现在进行时)
4.我的担心被证明是完全错误的。(fear,completely,用过去进行时)
5.我的脸在炎热的太阳下变得通红。(go red)
6.前途看起来不错。(look good,用现在进行时)
7.我所有的愿望会成真。(come true)
句型3:S+V+O (主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
1.Who knows the answer?谁知道答案?
2.She smiled her thanks.她微笑表示感谢。
3.He has refused to help them.他拒绝帮他们。
4.He enjoys reading.他喜欢看书。
5.They ate what was left over.他们吃了剩饭。
6.He said 'Good morning.'他说:'早上好!'
7.I want to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。
8.He admits that he was mistaken.他承认犯了错误。
注意:有些动词(短语)后通常不能接v-ing 形式作宾语,只能接todo作宾语。如:agree, ask,decide,desire,expect,hope,manage, promise, afford, beg, offer, plan, refuse, wish, want, fail, prepare, arrange, choose,pretend,would (should)like等;
有些动词(短语)不定接不定式作宾语,只能接v-ing 形式作宾语。如:admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike,enjoy, excuse, face, fancy, finish,forgive, imagine, mention, mind, miss, practise, postpone, risk,resist, suggest,understand, give up, feel like, keep on, put off, leave off, can't help (控制不住...), can't stand(不能容忍),等等。
翻译句子 请使用句型(3)翻译下列句子。
1.遗憾的是,我没能看到那景象。(miss)
2.我希望在一周内返回广州。(expect)
3.我总算按时完成了作业。(manage)
4.我不能忍受失去一个亲密的朋友。(can't stand)
5.我叔叔决定晚点出国。(choose,not...until later).
6.我正计划下个月去欧洲旅行。(plan,go on a trip)
7.我一见到我以前的数学老师就不禁想到了过去。(can't help,at the sight of)
8.为了省钱,我建议步行去那里。(suggest)
9.我想听听其他人的看法。(should like)
10.我不想去看电影。(feel like)
11.我不想冒上学迟到的风险。(want,risk,be late)
12.我不能再推迟去看牙医了。(put off,not...any longer)
句型4:S+V+O+O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。
1.She ordered herself a new dress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3.He brought you a dictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。
4.He denies her nothing.他对她什么都不拒绝。
5.I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片
6.I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。
7.I told him that the bus was late.我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8.He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。
能够用于该句型的常用及物动词有ask,buy,bring,call,get,give,offer,lend,send,tell,teach,cost 等等。
翻译句子 请使用句型(4)翻译下列句子。
1.我的英语老师给了我几本英文小说。(give)
2.我姑妈在我生日那天给我买了一个MP3播放器。(buy)
3.我昨天晚上给李明发送了一封电子邮件。(send)
4.我给我的父母写了一封长信。(write)
5.我前天将新英汉字典借给了我表弟。(lend)
句型5:S+V+O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
1.They appointed him manager.他们任命他当经理。
2.They painted the door green.他们把门漆成绿色
3.This set them thinking.这使得他们要细想一想。
4.They found the house deserted.他们发现那房子无人居住。
5.What makes him think so?他怎么会这样想?
6.We saw him out.我们送他出去
7.He asked me to come back soon.他要我早点回来。
8. I saw them getting on the bus.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
作宾语的通常是名词或代词。宾语补足语是对前边宾语进行补充说明,从而使句子的意思更加完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语,宾语补足语表示前边宾语发出的动作或其身份、特征等。因此,宾语和宾语补足语往往有一个逻辑上的主谓关系。宾语补足语由名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、v-ing形式或过去分词充当。
注意:有一些动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式要省去to。常见的这类动词有feel,hear,listen to;make,have,let;see,watch,notice,observe 以及help等。例如:
Let me have a look at it.
其中help后面作宾补的不定式符号to可省可不省。例如:
I helped her (to) choose a new dictionary.
可以借用口诀“一'感(觉)二·听(见)'三·使(得)·四·看(见)半'帮助”记忆这些动词。
翻译句子 请使用句型(5)翻译下列句子。
1.我外祖父给我取了个英文名字叫萨拉。(name,Sarah)
2.我发现这本体育杂志非常有趣。(find,interesting)
3.爷爷奶奶鼓励我好好学习。(encourage,in one's studies)
4.我建议外祖母卧床休息。(advise,stay)
5.我能感觉到自己的心脏在快速跳动。(beat)
6.我从未听人唱过这首歌。(hear,sung)
7.我父亲希望我做到最好。(do one’s best)
8.我的表亲邀请我与他们共度周末。(cousin)
参考答案
句型(1)
翻译句子
1.My head aches.
2.My plan has changed.
3.The plan takes off at 7:30 pm.
4.I came from a well-educated family.
5.I got to Shanghai on the morning of February 8,2011.
句型(2)
翻译句子
1.Unfortunately, I missed seeing the sight.
2.I expect to return to Guangzhou within a week.
3.I managed to finish my homework on time.
4.I can't stand losing a close friend.
5.My uncle chose not to go abroad until later.
6.We are planning to go on a trip to Europe next month.
7.I couldn't help thinking about the past at the sight of my former maths teacher.
8. To save money I suggested going there on foot.
9.I should like hear others' views.
10. I don't feel like going to the movie.
11.I didn't want to risk being late for school.
12. I can't put off going to the dentist any longer.
句型(3)
翻译句子
1.My English teacher gave me several English novels.
2.My aunt bought me an MP3 Player on my birthday.
3.I sent Li Ming an e-mail last night.
4.I wrote my parents a long letter.
5.I lent my cousin the new English-Chinese dictionary the day before yesterday.句型(4)
一、翻译句子
1. My grandfather named me an English name Sarah.
2.I found the sports magazine very interesting.
3.My grandparents encouraged me in my studies.
4.I advised my grandmother to stay in bed and rest.
5.I could feel my heart beating fast.
6.I've never heard the song sung.
7. My father expects me to do my best.
8.My cousins have invited me to spend the weekend with them.
二、完成句子
1.had,some,photos,taken,on,the 2.would,prefer,her,not,to change,her/the
3.remind,myself,to fill, with hopeful 4. noticed, a,sit/sitting, at,the,of,the
5.to invite,the,to,my,next, Saturday 6. pretended, not, to observe, climb,the
7.finally,persuaded,to go,the,with,me 8.name,is,but,friends,call,me
句型(5)
翻译句子
1.I am a senior 3 student
2.Nothing is impossible!
3.I am becoming increasingly anxious about the coming college entrance examinations.
4.My fear was proving completely wrong.
5.My face had gone red in the hot sun.
6.The future 'is looking good.
7.All my wishes will come true.