Period Five Grammar
【自我归纳】
1.状语; why 2.状语; where 3.状语; when
语法归纳
【实战演练】
Ⅰ.1.where 2.when 3.why 4.where 5.when
6.where 7.when 8.where 9.when 10.where
Ⅱ.1.in which/where I was born
2.in which/when we worked together
3.for which/why he performed badly
4.in which/where the workers are well paid
Ⅲ.1.on which/when people can play jokes on friends
2.(that/which) she has spent
3.in which/where nurses look after/take care of them
4.at which/where he was paid
5.for which/why I had made/made so much trouble
词法归纳
【实战演练】
1.sunny 2.limitless 3.simply 4.strengthen
5.effective 6.selection 7.sensible 8.powerful
9.creativity 10.additionalPeriod Five Grammar
Ⅰ.1.why 2.when 3.where 4.when 5.where
6.when
Ⅱ.1.where/in which fresh flowers are seen all the year round
2.why/for which Elias left school 3.when she would always serve me hot milk
Ⅲ.1.poisonous 2.twelfth 3.terribly 4.impression
5.laughter 6.practical 7.fashionable 8.combination
Ⅳ.A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了非营利组织Pet Partners通过将人类和宠物组成团队来提供动物援助,来自俄亥俄州的Juanita Mengel与治疗猫Lola-Pearl成为伙伴,从中受益。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第三段“The group helps humans and pets alike by setting them up into teams to provide animal-assisted therapy.”可知,Pet Partners这一组织主要提供动物辅助治疗。故选A。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据第四段“She said, ‘Therapy animals are animals who’ve been gauged whether they are suitable for assisting some people, based on their ability to meet new people and enjoy the process.’”可知,基于它们结识新朋友和享受这个过程的能力,治疗动物会被衡量它们是否适合帮助人,由此推测画线单词表示“衡量”,与measure同义。故选D。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第六段“Mengel was a travelling nurse when she was in a car accident that almost killed her. One of her legs could not be saved. Later, she connected with a friend in the state of Missouri who had a severely injured kitten. The cat’s legs were twisted together. An animal medical specialist worked to repair the damage, but in the end, they had to remove one of the baby cat’s legs. That kitten was Lola-Pearl.”可知,Juanita Mengel是通过密苏里州的一位朋友认识Lola-Pearl的。故选B。
4.A 推理判断题。根据第三段“The teams visit hospitals, nursing homes and schools and assist those in need.”以及第七段“Despite the difficulties Mengel has faced, she is grateful to Lola-Pearl and their work in Pet Partners.”可知,Juanita Mengel与治疗动物团队去帮助那些需要帮助的人,在自己遇到困难时仍然感激治疗猫,由此可推测Juanita Mengel是乐观且乐于助人的。故选A。
B
【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国作家杰拉尔德·德雷尔的一本书——《我的家人和其他动物》。
5.A 推理判断题。根据第一段“From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.”可知,德雷尔一家在科孚岛的生活是多样的。故选A。
6.D 句意理解题。根据语境和画线句前文“…was intended to be a nostalgic (怀旧的) account of natural history, but in the first few pages…”以及第一段提到的“…English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.”这本书生动地描述了作者一家人在科孚岛的生活可知,作者原本想写一本关于自然史的怀旧书,但是结果却写成了一本描述家人在科孚岛生活的书,由此可推知,画线句指的是“我情不自禁地介绍了自己的家人”。故选D。
7.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life.”和第五段“My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry.”可知,这两段主要介绍了这本书的写作特点。故选C。
8.C 推理判断题。通读全文,根据最后一段“As a real delight to read, it’s the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.”可知,这篇文章的目的是推荐《我的家人和其他动物》这本书。故选C。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了野生动物保护是一个全球性问题,因为非法狩猎和栖息地的丧失继续威胁着生态系统的平衡。物种减少引起了全世界个人和组织的关注,人们认识到采取行动的必要性。
1.a 考查冠词。此处issue为泛指,且global是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
2.Recognizing/Having recognized 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,recognize在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语people构成主动关系,故用现在分词,作状语;或理解为recognize在making efforts前已经完成,用having done形式。句首单词首字母大写。故填Recognizing/Having recognized。
3.against 考查介词。表示“打击”的短语为fight against。故填against。
4.them 考查代词。空处作动词的宾语,应用宾格them。故填them。
5.creating 考查非谓语动词。空处作介词的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填creating。
6.preservation 考查名词。空处作动词的宾语,应用名词preservation,不可数名词。故填preservation。
7.lies 考查动词时态与主谓一致。陈述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为单数名词,谓语用三单形式。故填lies。
8.harmonious 考查形容词。空处修饰名词relationship,应用形容词harmonious。故填harmonious。
9.Truly 考查副词。空处修饰后文句子,应用副词truly,单词位于句首,首字母大写。故填Truly。
10.that/which 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词issue,关系词在从句作主语,指物。故填that/which。Period Five Grammar
【探究发现】
1.There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
2.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3.I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country where German was spoken.
4.I finally understood the reason why my mum had encouraged me not to give up.
5.Then I saw an advertisement that offered a wonderful summer course in German, and that was the day when I decided to take on a new language.
【自我归纳】
1.1、4句中的先行词均表示原因,且在从句中作 ,故用 引导定语从句。
2.2、3句中的先行词均表示地点,且在从句中作 ,故用 引导定语从句。
3.5句中的先行词表示时间,且在从句中作 ,故用 引导定语从句。
定语从句之关系副词
定语从句除了由关系代词引导外,还可由关系副词when,where,why引导,它们在从句中作状语。
一、基本用法
1.关系副词when引导的定语从句
当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词,且在定语从句中充当时间状语时,用when引导定语从句,也可以用“介词+which”来代替when。如:
I will never forget the day when/on which an earthquake struck Wenchuan,Sichuan Province.
我永远也不会忘记四川省汶川县发生地震的那一天。
2.关系副词where引导的定语从句
当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词,且在定语从句中充当地点状语时,用where引导定语从句,也可以用“介词+which”来代替where。如:
The house where/in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
3.关系副词why引导的定语从句
当先行词是reason且从句缺少状语时,用why引导限制性定语从句,相当于for which。如:
The reason why/for which I was late was that my car broke down on the way.
我迟到的原因是我的车在路上抛锚了。
4.如果定语从句前面的先行词是stage, activity, case, point, event, situation, job, organisation, position等抽象名词,且在从句中作状语时,应用where来引导定语从句。如:
Let’s think of a situation where the idiom can be used properly.
让我们想出一个可以正确使用这个习语的情况。
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
今天,我们将讨论英语初学者对英语使用不当的一些情况。
二、关系代词和关系副词的区别
选用关系代词还是关系副词,归根结底要看定语从句缺什么成分。如果缺的是主语、宾语或定语,就用关系代词;如果缺状语,则用关系副词。
1.先行词是地点。如:
The mountain village where I stayed for a night last year has taken on a new look.
我去年住过一晚的那个山村的面貌已焕然一新。(从句缺地点状语,故用where)
The mountain village (which/that) I visited last year has taken on a new look.
我去年参观过的那个山村的面貌已焕然一新。(从句缺宾语,故用which/that)
2.先行词是时间。如:
I will never forget the days when I lived in the countryside with the farmers.
我永远不会忘记我和农民们一起住在乡下的日子。(从句缺时间状语,故用when)
I will never forget the days (which/that) I spent in the countryside with the farmers.
我永远不会忘记我在乡下和农民们一起度过的日子。(从句缺宾语,故用which/that)
3.先行词表原因。如:
The reason why/for which you failed,I think,was that you had not followed your mother’s advice.
我认为你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的建议。(从句缺原因状语,故用why/for which)
The reason (which/that) he explained for his being late was that he had missed the early bus.
他所解释的迟到原因是他错过了早班公交车。(从句缺宾语,故用which/that)
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.They went through two wheat-growing provinces they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area.
2.When we eat it again, we unlock memories of a time we were loved and looked after, and this cheers us up.
3.The reason I am writing to you is that I quarreled with my good friend Mike and I need your help now.
4.It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
5.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
6.Stephen Hawking believes that Earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.
7.There was a time I was addicted to playing computer games.
8.The school he once studied lies in the east of the town.
9.She’ll never forget her stay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
10.After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.
●Ⅱ 把下面的句子合并成定语从句
1.Great changes have taken place in the city. I was born in that city.
→Great changes have taken place in the city .
2.Do you still remember the days We worked together in the days.
→Do you still remember the days
3.I don’t know the reason.He performed badly for that reason.
→I don’t know the reason .
4.My father works in Volkswagen.The workers there are well paid.
→My father works in Volkswagen .
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1.April Fool’s Day is a day .
愚人节是人们可以和朋友开玩笑的日子。
2.She says that she’ll never forget the time working as a secretary in our company.
她说,她永远不会忘记在我们公司当秘书时度过的时光。
3.When people get old they often go to live in a home with other old people .
当人们变老后,他们常去和其他老人住在一座房子里,在那里有护士照顾他们。
4.She secretly arranged a job for him at the school library a larger amount.
她偷偷地在学校图书馆为他安排了一份工作,在那里他得到了更高的报酬。
5.I lowered my head in shame and apologized to her for the reason .
我羞愧地低下了头,向她道歉,解释了我制造了这么多麻烦的原因。
后缀
构词法是按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法。从词的形态结构来看,英语单词的构成方式主要有派生法、合成法和转化法三种。
派生法就是在一个词根的前面或后面加上一个前缀或后缀,从而构成一个新词,这个新词与该词根的含义有着紧密的联系,此类词称为派生词。我们今天先来学习后缀。
后缀
后缀通常改变词性,构成意思相近的其他词性的词;少数后缀同时会改变词义
形容词后缀
构成方式 例词
①-al表示“有……特性的,属于……的” nation→national 民族的,国家的;nature→natural 自然的
②-ble 表示“能……的,可以……的” eat→eatable 可食用的;change→changeable可改变的
③-ive 表示“具有……性质的,与……有关的” act→active 积极的;collect→collective 集体的
④-ern 表示“方向的” east→eastern 东方的; south→southern南方的
⑤-ful 表示“有……性质的” beauty→beautiful 美丽的;care→careful 小心的
(续表)
构成方式 例词
⑥-less 表示否定 care→careless 粗心的;use→useless 无用的
⑦-ish 表示“……似的” child→childish 孩子气的;self→selfish 自私的
⑧-ous 表示“充满……的,具有……特征的” humour→humorous有幽默感的
⑨-ly表示“有……性质的,每……的”(n.+-ly) friend→friendly 友好的;year→yearly 每年的
⑩-y 表示“具有……特征的,多……的” cloud→cloudy 多云的; dust→dusty 布满灰尘的
动词后缀
构成方式 例词
①-fy 表示“使……化” beauty→beautify 美化
②-en表示“使……” wide→widen 加宽;sharp→sharpen 使变得锋利;loose→loosen 使松散
③-ize表示“成为;使……” social→socialize社交
副词后缀
构成方式 例词
①-ly (adj.+-ly) bad→badly 坏地;easy→easily 容易地
②-wards 表示“方向” backwards 向后;eastwards 向东
名词后缀
构成方式 例词
①-ment 表示“行为、状态、手段、结果” agree→agreement 协议;move→movement 运动
②-ness 表示“性质、状态、程度” happy→happiness 幸福; busy→business 事务
③-tion 表示“行为的过程、结果、状况” explain→explanation 解释;dictate→dictation 听写
④-er 表示“从事某种职业的人” work→worker 工人;buy→buyer 买主
⑤-or 表示“从事某种职业的人” act→actor 演员;sail→sailor 海员
⑥-ar 表示“……的人” beg→beggar 乞丐
⑦-ant表示“从事某种职业的人” apply→applicant 申请人
(续表)
构成方式 例词
⑧-ist 表示“从事某种职业的人” piano→pianist 钢琴家;science→scientist 科学家
⑨-age表示“状态、总称等” short→shortage 短缺; percent→percentage 百分比
⑩-ess 表示“人或动物”,指阴性 act→actress 女演员;lion→lioness 母狮子
-ity,-ty,-y表示程度、性质、状态 secure→security 安全; safe→ safety 安全
-ence/-ance 表示行动或状况 prefer→ preference 偏爱; guide→ guidance 指导
-ful 表示“量” mouth→mouthful 一口; hand→handful 一把
-ship表示身份、性质等 member→membership 会员;friend →friendship 友谊
-al 表示性质、状态等 arrive→arrival 到达; approve→ approval 支持
-th 表示“动作、性质、过程、状态” true→truth 真理;long→length 长度
数词后缀
构成方式 例词
①-teen 构成“十几” five→fifteen 十五
②-ty 构成“几十” nine→ninety 九十;five→fifty 五十
③-th 构成序数词 five→fifth 第五;six→sixth 第六
【实战演练】
● 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.One (sun) day in summer, two girls named Gracy and Emma were walking to their homes after school.
2.What is amazing is that the wisdom of ancient people was (limit).
3.Most of the damage that occurred was (simple) because of fallen trees.
4.These physical exercises are designed to
(strength) your body.
5.Firstly, as a student, the most important thing is to study, so it is necessary for all of you to build an (effect) method in your study.
6.According to Wu, instead of the actual weaving, the (select) of materials is the first step that can take a long time to complete.
7.A (sense) method is to prepare well for the final-term examination without complaints.
8.To get the horses out, they used a (power) tractor to get the animals out of the mud.
9.Her (create) is clearly shown in the design of the bridge across the river.
10.The doctor has made an initial diagnosis, but there’ll be an (addition) examination by a specialist. Period Five Grammar
语法专练——定语从句之关系副词
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.After a careful inspection, the repairman said that the reason my car broke down was that the pipe had been damaged .
2.Winter is the time of a year day is short and night is long.
3.After graduation, he asked to be sent to the site he was most needed.
4.We’re lucky to live in an age the sum total of human knowledge is pretty available at the click of a button .
5.Later, he worked in Africa, many people suffered from deafness for lack of proper treatment.
6.She longs for the day she can travel the world and explore different cultures.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.Kunming is a lovely city .
昆明是一座美丽的城市,在那里一年四季都可以看到鲜花。
2.The reason was that his family couldn’t pay the school fees.
伊莱亚斯退学的原因是他家里付不起学费。
3.Growing up, I remembered the days in the cold winter.
在成长过程中,我想起了在寒冷的冬天,她总是给我端热牛奶的日子。
词法专练——派生词
●Ⅲ 将所给单词加上后缀来完成句子
1.Watch out for (poison) snakes when camping in the valley.
2.As we all know, December is the (twelve) month of the year.
3.I am (terrible) sorry for being late—my car broke down twice on the way.
4.Impressionists did not try to paint every detail in a scene—just a brief (impress) they had at that moment.
5.Upon hearing the funny story, everybody present burst into (laugh).
6.Can you give some examples of the (practice) applications VR has
7.In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became (fashion).
8.A (combine) of ambition , hard work and good looks has taken her to the top.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
A
Every day Juanita Mengel, a 67-year-old woman from the state of Ohio, wakes up and puts on her prosthetic (假体的) leg.
Then, Mengel does the same for Lola-Pearl, her five-year-old cat. Lola-Pearl also missed her back left leg. Mengel has many cats. Most of them have disabilities. But Lola-Pearl is special. She is a therapy (治疗) cat. And, she and Mengel are partners of a kind. They are among 200 therapy cat teams registered in the United States by the non-profit group, Pet Partners.
The group helps humans and pets alike by setting them up into teams to provide animal-assisted therapy. The teams visit hospitals, nursing homes and schools and assist those in need. Besides dogs and cats, Pet Partners registers other species as therapy animals, including horses, rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, birds and mini pigs.
Taylor Griffin is the national director at Pet Partners. She said, “Therapy animals are animals who’ve been gauged whether they are suitable for assisting some people, based on their ability to meet new people and enjoy the process .”
Mengel said Lola-Pearl showed signs that she would make a good therapy cat soon after the animal joined her family. “I just knew she would be a good therapy because she was so good with people. People really were attracted to her, too,” Mengel said.
Mengel was a travelling nurse when she was in a car accident that almost killed her. One of her legs could not be saved. Later, she connected with a friend in the state of Missouri who had a severely injured kitten. The cat’s legs were twisted together. An animal medical specialist worked to repair the damage , but in the end, they had to remove one of the baby cat’s legs. That kitten was Lola-Pearl.
Mengel took Lola-Pearl as her cat after talking with her friend. Despite the difficulties Mengel has faced, she is grateful to Lola-Pearl and their work in Pet Partners.
“It’s a really rewarding experience,” she said. “I get just as much out of it as the people that I visit.”
( )1.What can we know about Pet Partners
A.It mainly provides animal-assisted therapy.
B.It is a non-profit group founded by Taylor Griffin.
C.It only offers help to patients in hospitals.
D.It doesn’t register birds as therapy animals.
( )2.What does the underlined word “gauged” mean in Paragraph 4
A.Guessed. B.Designed.
C.Explained. D.Measured.
( )3.How did Juanita Mengel get to know Lola-Pearl
A.By working in Pet Partners.
B.Through one of her friends.
C.By repairing Lola-Pearl’s leg.
D.Through moving to Missouri.
( )4.Which of the following can best describe Juanita Mengel
A.Optimistic and helpful.
B.Proud and humorous.
C.Talkative and thoughtful.
D.Honest and talented.
B
From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife , in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.
Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell’s laugh-out-loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, “was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的) account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family.”
Durrell, later known for his zookeeping and the preservation of wildlife , was just a child during his family’s five-year stay in Corfu. He is 10-year-old Gerry in the book—curious , passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family: his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions , lovestruck sister Margo, sporty brother Leslie and his ever-calm, loving mother.
Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. One minute you’ll be laughing as Larry’s clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil-yellow cottage, the next you’ll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea: “Lying on my back in the silky water, staring at the sky, only moving my hands and feet slightly, I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across the sky and wondering how many stars it contained.”
My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry .
As a real delight to read, it’s the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.
( )5.Which word best describes Durrell’s life in Corfu
A.Diverse. B.Busy.
C.Risky. D.Tough.
( )6.What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 2
A.I just introduced my family by mistake.
B.I shouldn’t have introduced my family.
C.I gave false information about my family.
D.I couldn’t help introducing my family.
( )7.What are Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about
A.Durrell’s rich imagination.
B.Some interesting plots of the book.
C.The book’s writing feature.
D.Some vivid descriptions of the island.
( )8.What is the purpose of this text
A.To share an experience.
B.To introduce a writing style.
C.To recommend a book.
D.To describe an unusual place.
●Ⅴ 语法填空
Wildlife protection is 1. global issue, as illegal hunting and habitat loss continue to threaten the balance of ecosystems (生态系统). The decrease in species has caused concerns among individuals and organizations all over the world. 2. (recognize) the serious need for actions, people are making efforts to raise awareness to fight 3. these harmful practices.
To deal with the threats faced by wildlife , building reserves and habitats plays an important role. These areas provide a safe place for various species to survive , allowing 4. (they) to live and grow without the effect of human activities. By 5. (create) these protected spaces, we can ensure the 6. (preserve) of their natural habitats and protect their populations for future generations to enjoy. However, the challenge 7. (lie) in keeping the balance between conservation and economic development. Practical practices, such as responsible tourism and the promotion of environment-friendly industries, can create income without doing harm to the well-being of wildlife and their habitats. By carrying out these practical practices, we can develop a 8. (harmony) relationship between human activities and the natural world.
9. (true), wildlife protection is a necessary issue 10. requires efforts from governments, organizations and individuals. By rising awareness and applying stricter management, we can reduce the threats faced by endangered species. (共33张PPT)
Period Five
Grammar
语法归纳
词法归纳
【探究发现】
1.There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of
the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
2.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one
unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop
in one direction.
3.I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never
live in a country where German was spoken.
4.I finally understood the reason why my mum had encouraged
me not to give up.
5.Then I saw an advertisement that offered a wonderful summer
course in German, and that was the day when I decided to take
on a new language.
【自我归纳】
1.1、4句中的先行词均表示原因,且在从句中作_______,故用______引导定语从
句。
2.2、3句中的先行词均表示地点,且在从句中作_______,故用_________引导定
语从句。
3.5句中的先行词表示时间,且在从句中作_______,故用________引导定语从句。
状语
why
状语
where
状语
when
定语从句之关系副词
定语从句除了由关系代词引导外,还可由关系副词when,where,why引导,
它们在从句中作状语。
一、基本用法
1.关系副词when引导的定语从句
当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词,且在定语从句中充当时间状语时,
用when引导定语从句,也可以用“介词+which”来代替when。如:
I will never forget the day when/on which an earthquake struck
Wenchuan,Sichuan Province.
我永远也不会忘记四川省汶川县发生地震的那一天。
2.关系副词where引导的定语从句
当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词,且在定语从句中充当地点状语时,
用where引导定语从句,也可以用“介词+which”来代替where。如:
The house where/in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled
down.
我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
3.关系副词why引导的定语从句
当先行词是reason且从句缺少状语时,用why引导限制性定语从句,相当于for
which。如:
The reason why/for which I was late was that my car broke down
on the way.
我迟到的原因是我的车在路上抛锚了。
4.如果定语从句前面的先行词是stage, activity, case, point, event,
situation, job, organisation, position等抽象名词,且在从句中作状语时,应
用where来引导定语从句。如:
Let's think of a situation where the idiom can be used properly.
让我们想出一个可以正确使用这个习语的情况。
Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English
fail to use the language properly.
今天,我们将讨论英语初学者对英语使用不当的一些情况。
二、关系代词和关系副词的区别
选用关系代词还是关系副词,归根结底要看定语从句缺什么成分。如果缺的
是主语、宾语或定语,就用关系代词;如果缺状语,则用关系副词。
1.先行词是地点。如:
The mountain village whereI stayed for a night last year has
taken on a new look.
我去年住过一晚的那个山村的面貌已焕然一新。(从句缺地点状语,故用where)
The mountain village (which/that) I visited last year has taken on
a new look.
我去年参观过的那个山村的面貌已焕然一新。(从句缺宾语,故用which/that)
2.先行词是时间。如:
I will never forget the days when I lived in the countryside with
the farmers.
我永远不会忘记我和农民们一起住在乡下的日子。(从句缺时间状语,故用when)
I will never forget the days (which/that) I spent in the countryside
with the farmers.
我永远不会忘记我在乡下和农民们一起度过的日子。(从句缺宾语,故用
which/that)
3.先行词表原因。如:
The reason why/for which you failed,I think,was that you had not
followed your mother's advice.
我认为你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的建议。(从句缺原因状语,故用
why/for which)
The reason (which/that) he explained for his being late was that
he had missed the early bus.
他所解释的迟到原因是他错过了早班公交车。(从句缺宾语,故用which/that)
【实战演练】
单句填空
1.They went through two wheat-growing provinces _________ they
saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area.
2.When we eat it again, we unlock memories of a time ________
we were loved and looked after, and this cheers us up.
3.The reason ______ I am writing to you is that I quarreled with
my good friend Mike and I need your help now.
where
when
why
4.It's helpful to put children in a situation _________ they can see
themselves differently.
5.We live in an age ________ more information is available with
greater ease than ever before.
6.Stephen Hawking believes that Earth is unlikely to be the only
planet _________ life has developed gradually.
7.There was a time ________ I was addicted to playing computer
games.
where
when
where
when
8.The school _________ he once studied lies in the east of the town.
9.She'll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son
who had gone missing two years before.
10.After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small
town _________ he grew up as a child.
where
when
where
把下面的句子合并成定语从句
1.Great changes have taken place in the city. I was born in that
city.
→Great changes have taken place in the city
__________________________________.
in which/where I was born
2.Do you still remember the days We worked together in the
days.
→Do you still remember the days _________________________________
____________________
in which/when we worked together
3.I don't know the reason. He performed badly for that reason.
→I don't know the reason _________________________________________
_______.
for which/why he performed badly
4.My father works in Volkswagen. The workers there are well paid.
→My father works in Volkswagen __________________________________
__________________________.
in which/where the workers are well paid
句型训练
1.April Fool's Day is a day ________________________________________
_____________________.
愚人节是人们可以和朋友开玩笑的日子。
on which/when people can play jokes on friends
2.She says that she'll never forget the time ________________________
____________ working as a secretary in our company.
她说,她永远不会忘记在我们公司当秘书时度过的时光。
(that/which) she has spent
3.When people get old they often go to live in a home with other
old people ________________________________________________________
________.
当人们变老后,他们常去和其他老人住在一座房子里,在那里有护士照顾他们。
in which/where nurses look after/take care of them
4.She secretly arranged a job for him at the school library
____________________________________ a larger amount.
她偷偷地在学校图书馆为他安排了一份工作，在那里他得到了更高的报酬。
at which/where he was paid
5.I lowered my head in shame and apologized to her for the
reason _____________________________________________________________
_________.我羞愧地低下了头，向她道歉，解释了我制造了这么多麻烦的原因。
for which/why I had made/made so much trouble
后缀
构词法是按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法。从词的形态结构来看,英语
单词的构成方式主要有派生法、合成法和转化法三种。
派生法就是在一个词根的前面或后面加上一个前缀或后缀,从而构成一个新
词,这个新词与该词根的含义有着紧密的联系,此类词称为派生词。我们今天先
来学习后缀。
后缀
后缀通常改变词性,构成意思相近的其他词性的词;少数后缀同时会改变词义
形容词后缀
构成方式 例词
①-al表示“有……特性的,属于…… 的” nation→national 民族的,国家
的;nature→natural 自然的
②-ble 表示“能……的,可以…… 的” eat→eatable 可食用
的;change→changeable可改变的
③-ive 表示“具有……性质的, 与……有关的” act→active 积极的; collect→collective
集体的
形容词后缀
构成方式 例词
④-ern 表示“方向的” east→eastern 东方的;
south→southern南方的
⑤-ful 表示“有……性质的” beauty→beautiful 美丽
的;care→careful 小心的
⑥-less 表示否定 care→careless 粗心的;use→useless
无用的
续表
形容词后缀
构成方式 例词
⑦-ish 表示“……似的” child→childish 孩子气的;self→selfish
自私的
⑧-ous 表示“充满……的,具有…… 特征的” humour→humorous有幽默感的
⑨-ly表示“有……性质的,每…… 的”(n.+-ly) friend→friendly 友好的;year→yearly
每年的
⑩-y 表示“具有……特征的,多…… 的” cloud→cloudy 多云的;
dust→dusty 布满灰尘的
续表
动词后缀
构成方式 例词
①-fy 表示“使……化” beauty→beautify 美化
②-en表示“使……” wide→widen 加宽;sharp→sharpen 使变得锋
利;loose→loosen 使松散
③-ize表示“成为； 使……” social→socialize社交
续表
副词后缀
构成方式 例词
①-ly (adj.+-ly) bad→badly 坏地;easy→easily 容易地
②-wards 表示“方向” backwards 向后;eastwards 向东
续表
名词后缀
构成方式 例词
①-ment 表示“行为、状态、手 段、结果” agree→agreement 协
议;move→movement 运动
②-ness 表示“性质、状态、程 度” happy→happiness 幸福;
busy→business 事务
③-tion 表示“行为的过程、结 果、状况” explain→explanation 解
释;dictate→dictation 听写
续表
名词后缀
构成方式 例词
④-er 表示“从事某种职业的人” work→worker 工人;buy→buyer 买主
⑤-or 表示“从事某种职业的人” act→actor 演员;sail→sailor 海员
⑥-ar 表示“……的人” beg→beggar 乞丐
⑦-ant表示“从事某种职业的人” apply→applicant 申请人
⑧-ist 表示“从事某种职业的人” piano→pianist 钢琴
家;science→scientist 科学家
续表
名词后缀
构成方式 例词
⑨-age表示“状态、总称等” short→shortage 短缺；
percent→percentage 百分比
⑩-ess 表示“人或动物”,指阴性 act→actress 女演员;lion→lioness 母狮
子
-ity，-ty，-y表示程度、性 质、状态 secure→security 安全；
safe→ safety 安全
-ence/-ance 表示行动或状况 prefer→ preference 偏爱; guide→
guidance 指导
续表
名词后缀
构成方式 例词
-ful 表示“量” mouth→mouthful 一口;
hand→handful 一把
-ship表示身份、性质等 member→membership 会员；friend
→friendship 友谊
-al 表示性质、状态等 arrive→arrival 到达; approve→
approval 支持
-th 表示“动作、性质、过 程、状态” true→truth 真理;long→length 长度
续表
数词后缀
构成方式 例词
①-teen 构成“十几” five→fifteen 十五
②-ty 构成“几十” nine→ninety 九十;five→fifty 五十
③-th 构成序数词 five→fifth 第五;six→sixth 第六
【实战演练】
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.One _________ (sun) day in summer, two girls named Gracy and
Emma were walking to their homes after school.
2.What is amazing is that the wisdom of ancient people was
___________ (limit).
3.Most of the damage that occurred was _________ (simple)
because of fallen trees.
sunny
limitless
simply
4.These physical exercises are designed to ______________(strength)
your body.
strengthen
5.Firstly, as a student, the most important thing is to study, so it is
necessary for all of you to build an ___________ (effect) method in
your study.
effective
6.According to Wu, instead of the actual weaving, the ____________
(select) of materials is the first step that can take a long time to
complete.
selection
7.A ___________ (sense) method is to prepare well for the final-term
examination without complaints.
8.To get the horses out, they used a ____________ (power) tractor
to get the animals out of the mud.
9.Her ____________ (create) is clearly shown in the design of the
bridge across the river.
10.The doctor has made an initial diagnosis, but there'll be an
_____________ (addition) examination by a specialist.
powerful
creativity
additional
sensible
