Period Five Grammar
语法归纳
【实战演练】
Ⅰ.1.by 2.whom 3.whom 4.of 5.which 6.on 7.in 8.after
Ⅱ.1.most of which are located
2.without which he could hardly see anything
3.one of which was written
4.from whom I learned a lot
词法归纳
【实战演练】
Ⅰ.1.vacation 2.sickness/disease 3.indeed/truly/actually 4.occur 5.aim/target 6.get/achieve/obtain/acquire 7.lecture/talk/report 8.respect/honour
9.suggestion/opinion/view 10.alive
Ⅱ. 1.dangerous 2.different 3.unnecessary 4.thick/fat 5.unimportant 6.push 7.reward 8.dislike/hate
Ⅲ.1. incorrect 2. useless 3. dishonest 4. careless
5. disappear 6. impossible 7. Unfortunately 8. illegal
9. unfair 10.irregularPeriod Five Grammar
Ⅰ.1.which 2.with 3.which 4.whom 5.whose 6.which
Ⅱ.1.both of which have been made into films 2.for which I wasn’t well prepared 3.from whom he learned a party would be held
Ⅲ.1.established 2.passion 3.reputation 4.wisdom 5.eventually 6.promising
Ⅳ.1.female 2.independent 3.careless 4.impossible 5.unfortunate 6.disability
Ⅴ.A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了单身母亲Pamela为了抚养两个孩子不得不多次搁置自己攻读学位的目标,儿子Bonifacio从小就承诺要帮助母亲获得学位,后来两人同时攻读学位,儿子一直鼓励母亲,帮助母亲,最后两人都成功获得学位。
1.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“We’re going to gain our degrees at the same time.”和下文“…who currently walked across the stage at the university to collect their bachelor’s degrees together!”可知,Bonifacio曾对母亲Pamela说过两人将同时获得学位,后来他们真的做到了。由此推知,曾经说的话是对母子二人的预言,prophetic应该是“预言的,预示的”的意思。故选D项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The two held two associate’s degrees each, so in the fall of 2021 they registered together in bachelor-level online courses.”可知,儿子Bonifacio和母亲Pamela同时参加了在线课程。故选A项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“That promise, he never allowed it to die…”和“Their path to graduation wasn’t easy, but Bonifacio stayed true to his promise and helped his mother along the way.”可知,Bonifacio信守对母亲的诺言,在攻读学位的过程中帮助母亲,最终让她梦想成真。因此,他是个守信用的人。故选D项。
4.B 主旨大意题。通读全文,并结合最后一段中“Pamela said she was incredibly proud of her son’s achievement, and she personally couldn’t have reached her lifelong goal without the support of her family, especially him.”可知,文章围绕Malhotra一家相互支持的故事展开,单身母亲Pamela为了抚养两个孩子不得不多次搁置自己攻读学位的目标,儿子Bonifacio从小就承诺要帮助母亲获得学位,后来两人同时攻读学位,儿子一直鼓励母亲,帮助母亲,最后两人都成功获得学位。因此,B项“家庭成员互相帮助”符合文章大意,最适合作为标题。故选B项。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Michelle Obama描述她的个人生活与经历的书,作者在读完这本书后,因Michelle Obama的善良和同理心而流泪。作者高度赞扬了Michelle Obama,她是作者在这个世界上见过的最热情、最有趣、最聪明和最脚踏实地的人之一。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“This is not really a book about politics, though political experiences obviously do come into it. It’s a shame that some will dismiss this book because of a difference in political opinion, when it is really about a woman’s life. About growing up poor and black on the South Side of Chicago; about getting married and struggling to maintain that marriage; about motherhood; about being thrown into an amazing and terrifying position.”可知,这本书并不是一本真正关于政治的书,而是关于Michelle这位女性的生活的书,介绍了她的成长、个人生活以及经历,由此可推知,这本书是在描述她的个人生活与经历,故选B。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“I hate words like ‘inspirational’ because they’ve become so overdone and cheesy(刻意的)…”可知,作者讨厌inspirational这个词,是因为这个词已经被过多使用且刻意,即这个词很虚伪,故选A。
7.C 词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文“She talks straight, with openness and honesty rarely seen.”可知,她说话很真诚,直来直去,不会夸夸其谈,即不会美化自己的语言,由此可知,画线短语gussy up意为“美化”,与C项beautify“美化”意思一样,故选C。
8.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“She’s obviously intelligent, but she also doesn’t gussy up her words. She talks straight, with openness and honesty rarely seen.”可知,Michelle Obama很真诚;根据该段中“She’s been one of the most powerful women in the world and a graduate of Princeton and Harvard Law School. She’s had her own successful career, and yet she has remained throughout that same girl—Michelle Robinson—from a working-class family in Chicago.”可知,她虽然很成功,但是仍然不忘初心,这说明她很谦虚,故选B。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了哈尔滨冰雪大世界在“2024中国冰雪旅游发展论坛”上被吉尼斯世界纪录认定为世界上最大的冰雪主题公园,并详细介绍了哈尔滨冰雪大世界以及黑龙江的冰雪旅游。
1.was recognized 考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语动词,根据“At the 2024 China Ice and Snow Tourism Development Forum held on Friday in Harbin…”可知,此句陈述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,主语Harbin Ice and Snow World与动词recognize之间为被动关系,此句谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态,Harbin Ice and Snow World作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数,设空处填was recognized。故填was recognized。
2.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,设空处指代先行词the park,在从句中作主语,先行词the park指物,此从句用关系代词which引导。故填which。
3.officially 考查副词。设空处修饰动词opened,作状语,设空处填副词officially。故填officially。
4.Tourists 考查名词复数。设空处在句中作主语,名词tourist“游客”符合句意,tourist为可数名词,此处表复数概念,应填tourist的复数形式tourists;设空处位于句首,单词首字母大写。故填Tourists。
5.built 考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语修饰the longest one,the longest one与动词build之间为被动关系,设空处填过去分词built。故填built。
6.a 考查冠词。experience“经历”为可数名词,此处表泛指,空后unique起始音为辅音音素,设空处填不定冠词a。故填a。
7.welcoming 考查非谓语动词。设空处为非谓语动词,句子主语the 40th Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival与动词welcome之间构成逻辑上的主动关系,设空处填现在分词welcoming,作状语。故填welcoming。
8.but 考查连词。not only…but also…意为“不仅……而且……”,符合句意。故填but。
9.to promote 考查非谓语动词。设空处作目的状语,应填动词不定式to promote。故填to promote。
10.development 考查名词。由空前the以及空后of可知,设空处应填名词development,作动词aided的宾语。故填development。Period Five Grammar
定语从句之“介词+关系代词”
一、基本用法
“介词+关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语时,可以用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果先行词为人,用“介词+whom”;如果先行词为物,用“介词+which”。who和that不能用于此结构。如:
The man with whom you shook hands just now is our headmaster.
刚才和你握手的那个人是我们的校长。
He bought many newspapers and magazines, on which he spent almost all his money.
他买了许多报纸和杂志,几乎把所有的钱都花在这上面了。
二、介词的选择
1.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定。如:
In his room,we saw a big table on which there were all kinds of books.
在他的屋子里,我们看见一张上面放着各种书的大桌子。(on the table)
Yesterday we had a meeting, at which we discussed many problems.
昨天我们开了一个会,会上我们讨论了许多问题。(at the meeting)
2.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词的搭配来确定。如:
She was lonely and afraid and there was no one to whom she could turn, except Melanie.
她又孤单又害怕,而且除了梅拉妮以外,没有一个人是她可以去求助的。(turn to)
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
西湖是个美丽的地方,杭州以此而闻名。(be famous for)
3.根据句子的意思来确定。如:
Water is of great importance, without which people cannot live.
水是很重要的,没有它人们就无法生存。(without water)
三、“介词+关系代词”的特殊用法
1.“whose+n.”引导的非限制性定语从句可以用“the+n.+of+关系代词”替换。如:
The building, whose roof/the roof of which we can see from here, is a hotel.
那幢大楼是一个旅馆,从这儿我们可以看见它的屋顶。
2.“代词/数词等+介词+关系代词”结构
有时“介词+关系代词”前会出现不定代词(all, both, none, neither, many, few, most等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the+最高级/比较级”等,用来表示部分、数目等意义。如:
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
我们班共有四十名学生,大多数来自大城市。
3.“复杂介词短语+关系代词”结构
常用的复杂介词短语有with one’s help, because of, in front of, as a result of, at the back of等。如:
He was badly hurt in the accident, because of which he didn’t go to work.
他在事故中受伤严重,因此,他没去上班。
They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a boy.
他们来到一座农舍,农舍前面坐着一个男孩儿。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The normal system is an effective means which a government serves the economic society.
2.She brought her three friends, none of I had ever met before.
3.Do you know the lady with our manager is talking in the office
4.It’s easy to recognize his house which the door is painted red.
5.He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of were published in the 1990s.
6.This is the farm which I studied the insects three years ago.
7.He wrote a letter which he explained what had happened in the accident.
8.He was educated at the local high school,
which he went on to Peking University.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.One of the features of London is the number of big stores, in or near the West End. (locate)
伦敦的特征之一就是大商店的数目,这些大商店大多数位于或靠近伦敦西区。
2.When he woke up, the first thing he would do was reach for his glasses, .
一醒来,他会做的第一件事就是伸手拿眼镜,没有眼镜,他几乎什么也看不见。
3.We were required to read three novels in the winter vacation,
by Mark Twain.
寒假里,我们被要求读三部小说,其中一部是马克·吐温所著。
4.Mrs Amari was my favourite teacher when I was in senior high school, .
阿玛丽老师是我上高中时最喜欢的老师,从她那里我学到了很多。
同义词和反义词
一、Synonyms (同义词)
同义词(synonyms)是指意义几乎相同的一组词语,它们的词性相同。例如, immediately的同义词或近义词包括instantly, directly, soon等。
需要特别强调的是,同义词往往并不等义,更多的是近义词。即使是同义词,它们之间也有微小或者细微的差别。例如ill和sick:
1.Her father is seriously ill/sick in the hospital. (作表语,表生病的)
她父亲病情很重,正在住院。
2.She found herself with two small children, a sick husband and no money. (作定语,表生病的)
她发现自己带着两个年幼的孩子、一个生病的丈夫,而且身无分文。
3.If you eat any more cake, you’ll make yourself sick. (作宾补,表恶心的,想吐的)
你要是再吃蛋糕,就该吐了。
二、Antonyms (反义词)
反义词(antonyms)是指意义相对或者相反的一组词语,它们的词性相同。例如:
1.A white lie is better than a black lie.
2.All things are difficult before they are easy.
3.East or west, home is best.
英语里,许多反义词是由词根加上前缀或后缀构成的。否定前缀主要有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-和un-,可译成汉语“非”“无”“不(是)”“未”等。如:agreement (同意;一致)—disagreement (分歧;不一致);polite (有礼貌的;客气的)—impolite (无礼的;粗鲁的);usual (通常的)—unusual (不寻常的;罕见的)。构成反义词的后缀主要是-less。如:careless, homeless, hopeless等。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 在空格中填上所给单词的同义词(答案不一定一个)
holiday(假期) 1.
illness(疾病) 2.
really(确实,真正地) 3.
happen(发生) 4.
goal(目标) 5.
gain(获得) 6.
speech(演讲,报告,讲座) 7.
admire(尊重,钦佩) 8.
advice(意见,建议) 9.
living(活着的) 10.
●Ⅱ 在空格中填上所给单词的反义词
safe(安全的) 1. (危险的)
same(相同的) 2. (不同的)
necessary(必要的) 3. (不必要的)
thin(薄的/瘦的) 4. (厚的/胖的)
important(重要的) 5. (不重要的)
pull(拉) 6. (推)
punish(惩罚) 7. (奖励)
like(喜欢) 8. (不喜欢/讨厌)
●Ⅲ 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.I couldn’t get through to Lily, for the number was (correct).
2.It is (use) arguing with him. He won’t change his mind.
3.I won’t make friends with Tom. He is (honest) and often tells lies.
4.It was (care) of you to leave the gate open the whole night.
5.If we don’t protect those traditions, there may come a time when they will (appear).
6.Although sometimes it may seem (possible) to get along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation.
7. (fortunately), your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy.
8.It is (legal) to sell cigarettes to children who are under age.
9.It is (fair) that female workers are not paid equally for equal work.
10.She was taken to hospital suffering from an (regular) heartbeat. Period Five Grammar
语法专练——定语从句之“介词+关系代词”
●Ⅰ 在空格里填上适当的词,完成下列句子
1.These were animal bones and shells on symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
2.He asked me whom I had discussed the issue of racial discrimination .
3.That member made a severe mistake, for he was forced to leave the organisation .
4.The factory has recently employed 200 workers, eighty percent of are young female workers.
5.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without generous help I would never have achieved remarkable achievements.
6.He hid himself in a tree, from he could see the enemy in the distance.
●Ⅱ 句型训练(介词+关系代词)
1.Maria is a novelist and has written two novels, .
玛丽亚是一名小说家,写了两部小说,都被拍成了电影。
2.Due to lack of training, I failed to get the key point of my lecture , .
由于缺乏训练,我没有抓住演讲的要点,因此我没有做好充分的准备。
3.He came across his old friend in the street, in Mary’s home.
他在街上碰见了他的老朋友,从他那里得知一个聚会将在玛丽家举行。
词法专练——同义词和反义词
●Ⅲ 用括号里所给单词的同义词填空
1.The medical committee , (founded) two years ago, has discovered a cure for the disease.
2.As a child, my younger brother showed a deep (love) for literature .
3.The young man has gained international (fame) as a pop singer.
4.Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the (intelligence) of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines.
5.They (finally) won the game despite the difficulties.
6.Today is the start of a new term and the start of a (hopeful) future.
●Ⅳ 用括号里所给单词的反义词填空
1.Many (male) workers around the world used to be faced with gender discrimination .
2.Tom took up a part-time job, hoping to be (dependent) of his parents.
3.His mum asked about his low grades in the recent exam, and Stephen replied with a (careful) attitude .
4.It strikes me that nothing is (possible) if you have a willing heart.
5.It was (fortunate) that the bus we were on got stuck in the mud.
6.She had remarkable courage and determination to rise above her physical (ability).
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
A
Pamela Malhotra has always attached great importance to education. However, life always seemed to “get in the way” every time she tried to finish her bachelor’s degree. The single mum was so devoted to working to support her two children that she repeatedly put her own education goals on hold, giving up her college programme on two separate occasions over the years.
When he was just five years old, her son Bonifacio Malhotra noticed her struggling to get her degree, and he made a promise to help her. “I remember I just told my mum…one day, it’s gonna be you and me,” Bonifacio said. “We’re going to gain our degrees at the same time.” Those words proved to be prophetic for the mum-and-son duo, who currently walked across the stage at the university to collect their bachelor’s degrees together!
“That promise, he never allowed it to die,” said Pamela. “He continuously confirmed that we’re gonna do this.” Their path to graduation wasn’t easy, but Bonifacio stayed true to his promise and helped his mother along the way. The two held two associate’s degrees each, so in the fall of 2021 they registered together in bachelor-level online courses. They both found the classes challenging, but Bonifacio stepped up as the cheerleader his mother needed. “I said ‘Mum, you’ve got to keep it going. I know you want to stop. We must keep going,’” Bonifacio recalled. “The main thing was just trying to get everything lined up and stay on top of all the work.”
It took the Malhotras two years to finish their bachelor’s degrees, hers in humanities and Bonifacio’s in public safety administration. Pamela plans to stay at her job as a coordinator, and Bonifacio has accepted a job at university to help other students succeed in college, too.
Pamela said she was incredibly proud of her son’s achievement, and she personally couldn’t have reached her lifelong goal without the support of her family, especially him. “Both my son and my daughter, they were my greatest supporter,” Pamela proudly said.
( )1.What does the underlined word “prophetic” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Professional. B.Particular.
C.Precious. D.Predictable.
( )2.What do we know about the Malhotras
A.They took online courses at the same time.
B.Pamela thought the courses were more challenging.
C.Bonifacio majored in humanities at university.
D.Pamela now works as a university teacher.
( )3.Which of the following statements can best describe Bonifacio
A.He’s the good man of the house.
B.He’s a man of all work.
C.He’s a man among men.
D.He’s a man of his word.
( )4.What can be the best title of the passage
A.We value the time being with families
B.Families help each other
C.Home is our heaven
D.Each family has its own problems
B
Look, I’m not a happy crier. I might cry at songs about leaving and missing someone; I might cry at books where things don’t work out; I might cry at movies where someone dies. I’ve just never really understood why people get all choked up over happy, inspirational things. But Michelle Obama’s kindness and empathy (同情) changed that. This book had me in tears for all the right reasons.
This is not really a book about politics, though political experiences obviously do come into it. It’s a shame that some will dismiss this book because of a difference in political opinion , when it is really about a woman’s life. About growing up poor and black on the South Side of Chicago; about getting married and struggling to maintain that marriage; about motherhood; about being thrown into an amazing and terrifying position.
I hate words like “inspirational” because they’ve become so overdone and cheesy (刻意的), but I just have to say it—Michelle Obama is an inspiration. I had the privilege of seeing her speak at The Forum in Inglewood, and she is one of the warmest, funniest, smartest, and down-to-earth people I have ever seen in this world.
And yes, I know we present what we want the world to see, but I truly do think it’s genuine. I think she is someone who really cares about people—especially kids—and wants to give them better lives and opportunities.
She’s obviously intelligent , but she also doesn’t gussy up her words. She talks straight, with openness and honesty rarely seen. She’s been one of the most powerful women in the world and a graduate of Princeton and Harvard Law School. She’s had her own successful career , and yet she has remained throughout that same girl—Michelle Robinson—from a working-class family in Chicago.
I don’t think there’s anyone who wouldn’t benefit from reading this book.
( )5.What is the main focus of Michelle’s book
A.Her political experiences and opinions .
B.Her personal life and experiences.
C.Her achievements as a powerful woman.
D.Her efforts to motivate others.
( )6.Why does the author dislike the word “inspirational”
A.It is overused and insincere.
B.It reminds the author of cheesy books.
C.It is associated with political opinions .
D.It is inapplicable to Michelle Obama.
( )7.What does the underlined phrase “gussy up” in Paragraph 5 mean
A.Forget. B.Regret.
C.Beautify. D.Swallow.
( )8.Which of the following can best describe Michelle Obama’s character
A.Bossy and aggressive.
B.Humble and honest.
C.Distant and image -loving.
D.Ambitious and career -driven.
●Ⅵ 语法填空
At the 2024 China Ice and Snow Tourism Development Forum held on Friday in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Ice and Snow World 1. (recognize) by Guinness World Records as the world’s largest ice and snow park, with an area of 816,682.5 square metres. The park, 2. combines ice, snow, sound and lights, 3. (official) opened for its 25th year. 4. (tourist) can be amazed at more than 1,000 works of art made of more than 250,000 cubic metres of ice and snow or participate in numerous activities, including a 521-metre ice slide, the longest one 5. (build) at the park to date. A giant Ferris wheel in the shape of a snowflake has been built to provide 6. unique experience in the dazzling (耀眼的) world after dark.
The 40th Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival—the city’s annual winter gala—kicked off at the park, 7. (welcome) people from around the world. “Heilongjiang not only has plentiful ice and snow resources , 8. it is also the birthplace of China’s modern ice and snow industry,” Heilongjiang Governor Liang Huiling said at the opening ceremony. “Currently, Heilongjiang is vividly developing cultural tourism and carrying out activities 9. (promote) the ice and snow economy.” The park’s popularity has aided the 10. (develop) of the whole province’s snow and ice economy, she added. (共24张PPT)
Period Five
Grammar
语法归纳
词法归纳
定语从句之“介词+关系代词”
一、基本用法
“介词+关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语
从句。当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语时,可以用“介词+关系代词”
引导定语从句。如果先行词为人,用“介词+whom”;如果先行词为物,用“介
词+which”。who和that不能用于此结构。如:
The man with whom you shook hands just now is our headmaster.
刚才和你握手的那个人是我们的校长。
He bought many newspapers and magazines, on which he spent
almost all his money.
他买了许多报纸和杂志,几乎把所有的钱都花在这上面了。
二、介词的选择
1.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定。如:
In his room,we saw a big table on which there were all kinds of
books.
在他的屋子里,我们看见一张上面放着各种书的大桌子。(on the table)
Yesterday we had a meeting, at which we discussed many
problems.
昨天我们开了一个会,会上我们讨论了许多问题。(at the meeting)
2.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词的搭配来确定。如:
She was lonely and afraid and there was no one to whom she
could turn, except Melanie.
她又孤单又害怕，而且除了梅拉妮以外，没有一个人是她可以去求助的。
(turn to)
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
西湖是个美丽的地方,杭州以此而闻名。(be famous for)
3.根据句子的意思来确定。如:
Water is of great importance, without which people cannot live.
水是很重要的,没有它人们就无法生存。(without water)
三、“介词+关系代词”的特殊用法
1.“whose+n.”引导的非限制性定语从句可以用“the+n.+of+关系代词”替
换。如:
The building, whose roof/the roof of which we can see from here,
is a hotel.
那幢大楼是一个旅馆,从这儿我们可以看见它的屋顶。
2.“代词/数词等+介词+关系代词”结构
有时“介词+关系代词”前会出现不定代词(all, both, none, neither, many,
few, most等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the+最高级/比较级”等,用来表示
部分、数目等意义。如:
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are
from big cities.
我们班共有四十名学生,大多数来自大城市。
3.“复杂介词短语+关系代词”结构
常用的复杂介词短语有with one's help, because of, in front of, as a
result of, at the back of等。如:
He was badly hurt in the accident, because of which he didn't go
to work.
他在事故中受伤严重,因此,他没去上班。
They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a boy.
他们来到一座农舍,农舍前面坐着一个男孩儿。
【实战演练】
单句填空
1.The normal system is an effective means _____ which a
government serves the economic society.
2.She brought her three friends, none of _________ I had ever met
before.
3.Do you know the lady with _________ our manager is talking in
the office
4.It's easy to recognize his house ____ which the door is painted
red.
by
whom
whom
of
5.He wrote many children's books,nearly half of ________ were
published in the 1990s.
6.This is the farm _____ which I studied the insects three years ago.
7.He wrote a letter ____ which he explained what had happened in
the accident.
8.He was educated at the local high school, _______which he went
on to Peking University.
which
on
in
after
句型训练
1.One of the features of London is the number of big stores,
_________________________________ in or near the West End. (locate)
伦敦的特征之一就是大商店的数目,这些大商店大多数位于或靠近伦敦西区。
most of which are located
2.When he woke up, the first thing he would do was reach for his
glasses, _______________________________________________________.
一醒来,他会做的第一件事就是伸手拿眼镜,没有眼镜,他几乎什么也看不见。
without which he could hardly see anything
3.We were required to read three novels in the winter vacation,
________________________________ by Mark Twain.
寒假里,我们被要求读三部小说,其中一部是马克·吐温所著。
one of which was written
4.Mrs Amari was my favourite teacher when I was in senior high
school, __________________________________.
阿玛丽老师是我上高中时最喜欢的老师,从她那里我学到了很多。
from whom I learned a lot
同义词和反义词
一、Synonyms (同义词)
同义词(synonyms)是指意义几乎相同的一组词语,它们的词性相同。例如,
immediately的同义词或近义词包括instantly, directly， soon等。
需要特别强调的是,同义词往往并不等义,更多的是近义词。即使是同义词,
它们之间也有微小或者细微的差别。例如ill和sick:
1.Her father is seriously ill/sick in the hospital. (作表语,表生病的)
她父亲病情很重,正在住院。
2.She found herself with two small children, a sick husband and no
money. (作定语,表生病的)
她发现自己带着两个年幼的孩子、一个生病的丈夫,而且身无分文。
3.If you eat any more cake, you'll make yourself sick. (作宾补,表恶心
的,想吐的)
你要是再吃蛋糕,就该吐了。
二、Antonyms (反义词)
反义词(antonyms)是指意义相对或者相反的一组词语,它们的词性相同。
例如:
1.A white lie is better than a black lie.
2.All things are difficult before they are easy.
3.East or west, home is best.
英语里,许多反义词是由词根加上前缀或后缀构成的。否定前缀主要有dis-,
il-, im-, in-, ir-和un-,可译成汉语“非”“无”“不(是)”“未”等。
如:agreement (同意;一致)—disagreement (分歧;不一致);polite
(有礼貌的;客气的)—impolite (无礼的;粗鲁的);usual (通常的)—unusual
(不寻常的;罕见的)。构成反义词的后缀主要是-less。如:careless, homeless,
hopeless等。
【实战演练】
在空格中填上所给单词的同义词(答案不一定一个)
holiday(假期) 1.___________
illness(疾病) 2._____________________
really(确实,真正地) 3.__________________________
happen(发生) 4.________
goal(目标) 5.______________
vacation
sickness/disease
indeed/truly/actually
occur
aim/target
gain(获得) 6._________________________________
speech(演讲,报告,讲座) 7._______________________
admire(尊重,钦佩) 8.____________________
advice(意见,建议) 9.______________________________
living(活着的) 10._______
get/achieve/obtain/acquire
lecture/talk/report
respect/honour
suggestion/opinion/view
alive
续表
在空格中填上所给单词的反义词
safe(安全的) 1.______________ (危险的)
same(相同的) 2.____________ (不同的)
necessary(必要的) 3.________________ (不必要的)
thin(薄的/瘦的) 4.___________ (厚的/胖的)
important(重要的) 5.________________ (不重要的)
pull(拉) 6._______ (推)
punish(惩罚) 7.__________ (奖励)
like(喜欢) 8._______________ (不喜欢/讨厌)
dangerous
different
unnecessary
thick/fat
unimportant
push
reward
dislike/hate
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.I couldn't get through to Lily, for the number was ____________
(correct).
2.It is __________ (use) arguing with him. He won't change his mind.
3.I won't make friends with Tom. He is _____________ (honest) and
often tells lies.
4.It was ___________ (care) of you to leave the gate open the
whole night.
incorrect
useless
dishonest
careless
5.If we don't protect those traditions, there may come a time when
they will _____________ (appear).
6.Although sometimes it may seem ______________ (possible) to get
along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation.
7.__________________ (fortunately), your parents do not always agree
and that makes you feel unhappy.
8.It is _________ (legal) to sell cigarettes to children who are under
age.
disappear
impossible
Unfortunately
illegal
9.It is ________ (fair) that female workers are not paid equally for
equal work.
10.She was taken to hospital suffering from an ___________ (regular)
heartbeat.
unfair
irregular
