Period Two Lesson 1 Active Learning(Reading)
【课前自主探究】
Step 1 Fast reading
1.process 2.Reflect on 3.outer 4.inner 5.questions
6.truth 7.message
Step 2 Careful reading
1—4 DACD
Step 3 Summary
1.actively 2.what 3.to 4.to control 5.agreeing
6.easiest 7.truth 8.will increase 9.based 10.or
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.(1)①reflected ②reflection ③reflective
(2)①we reflected/should reflect on/upon ②are reflected in
2.(1)①for ②with ③into (2)①It is beyond argument that
②had a heated argument about/over
3.(1)①to be ②Assuming ③assumption
(2)It is assumed that
4.(1)①getting ②with (2)end up in big trouble
5.(1)①am promoted ②promotion ③to
(2)①晋升 ②促进 ③促销
(3)to promote the traditional Chinese culture
6.(1)①计算出 ②锻炼 ③解决,弄懂某事物 ④想出
(2)①(should) work out a detailed plan
②everything was working out well
7.(1)①to collect ②attempted ③at
(2)attempting to figure out; making an attempt to figure out
8.(1)to come (2)it is more likely that; will be more likely to
9.(1)①is based ②basic ③Basically (2)on a regular basis
10.(1)①on ②existence ③existing (2)exist in wealth
11.(1)①be ignored ②of/about ③ignorance
(2)ignore its negative effects
12.(1)①on/upon ②with/by ③impressive
(2)①What impressed me most ②left/made a deep impression on me
句型透视
1.①while I was in Beijing ②while his spirit remains young
③While life is full of challenges
2.(1)①or ②and
(2)①Believe in yourself ②Stop complainingPeriod Two Lesson 1 Active Learning(Reading)
Ⅰ.1.inner 2.outer 3.flexible 4.dinosaurs 5.data
Ⅱ.1.be ignored 2.impression 3.existence 4.to take
5.promotion 6.reflection 7.automatically 8.argument
9.to be 10.with
Ⅲ.1.take notes 2.reflect on 3.Work out 4.in the way
5.at the heart of 6.In short 7.After all 8.at least 9.is based on
Ⅳ.1.and you’ll be able to enjoy the scenery of the whole city
2.while others are struggling to make/earn a living 3.The book is easy to understand
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小在贫民窟长大,但她热爱学习,通过自己的努力最终成为一名食品工程学博士,并用自己的所学回馈社会,努力解决贫民窟的人们营养不良的问题。
1.B 根据“Much to my pleasure, my father agreed.”可知,让作者高兴的是父亲最终同意送她去上学,这说明一开始作者的父亲是不让她上学的。故选B。after all毕竟;at first起初;in addition另外;in short总而言之,简单地说。
2.D 根据“…my father didn’t let me attend school. I was always jealous (妒羡的)…”可知,作者不能去上学,因此她羡慕哥哥每天都能去学校。故选D。sleep睡觉;work工作;market市场;school学校。
3.C 根据“…and hid under the teacher’s desk.”可知,作者跟着哥哥到了学校,并藏在了老师的桌子下面。故选C。miss错过;stop停止;follow跟随;guide指导。
4.D 根据“…my father to put me in school.”可知,老师建议作者的父亲送作者去上学。故选D。allow允许;expect期望;force强迫;advise建议,劝告。
5.A 根据“I loved learning…”及下文作者取得的成就可知,作者的学习成绩很好,很快就在班里名列前茅。故选A。rapidly迅速地;suddenly突然;nearly将近;eventually最后。
6.A 根据“…but he said as a girl I should study food science instead.”可知,作者的父亲想让作者去上大学,但是认为作者应该学习食品科学而不是工程学。故选A。want想要;invite邀请;judge判断;choose选择。
7.C 根据“After a childhood preparing meals for my family, there was nothing I hated more than…”可知,作者在童年时期一直为家人做饭,所以她最讨厌的莫过于做饭了,因此在听到父亲的建议后,她的第一反应就是她最不想学的就是食品科学。故选C。other其他的;next下一个的;last最不可能的;only唯一的。
8.A 根据“After a childhood preparing meals for my family…”可知,作者在童年时期一直为家人做饭,她最讨厌的就是做饭。故选A。cooking做饭;waiting等待;cleaning打扫;shopping购物。
9.B 根据“…food science wasn’t so bad at all.”可知,食品科学也不是那么糟糕是作者在参加了食品科学课程之后所发现的事。故选B。struggle挣扎;discover发现;reflect反映,认真思考;doubt怀疑。
10.B 根据“I realized it was the most effective…to introduce more nutrition into the diet of…people…”可知,与作者合作的公司想要解决贫民窟的人们营养不良的问题。故选B。talk about谈论;deal with处理,解决;come across遇到;point out指出。
11.C 根据“…introduce more nutrition into the diet of…people…”可知,作者改变了一种传统无酵饼的原料,从而给人们的饮食添加了更多的营养。故选C。find发现;create创造;change改变;prepare准备。
12.D 根据语境可知,上文中的it指代的是改变传统无酵饼的原料这件事,因此它是一种方法。故选D。time时间;reason理由;plan计划;method方法。
13.A 根据“I worked with a company that wanted to…malnutrition (营养不良) in the slums.”可知,此处指给贫穷的人们带来有营养的食物。故选A。poor贫穷的;energetic精力充沛的;old旧的;weak虚弱的。
14.B 根据“…but I didn’t let them hold me back.”可知,在生活中,作者遇到过许多挑战,但是作者并没有被它们击败。下文中的“…though they may be facing challenges…”也是提示。故选B。reform改革;challenge挑战;test测试;danger危险。
15.C 根据“…though they may be facing challenges—they, too, can keep going and succeed.”可知,作者希望其他人能从她的故事中得到鼓励。故选C。admiration羡慕;enjoyment愉快;encouragement鼓励;warning警告。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了学习效率高的学生所拥有的四个习惯。
1.F 根据上文“However, some students struggle to keep their GPA (Grade Point Average) above 3.0.”可知,一些学生努力保持GPA在3.0以上。选项F“And they seem to spend all of their time in studying.”中的they指代上文中的some students,承接上文,接下来引出主题:好的学习习惯很重要。故选F。
2.A 根据下文“If you haven’t had a planner (规划簿), get one.”可知,作者强调要有规划。设空处为本段主题句,故选项A“Keep things organized.”可概括本段大意。故选A。
3.G 根据上文“Create a weekly schedule.”可知,本段建议列个时间表。又根据下文“Include time that will be spent eating, sleeping and doing anything not related to school work.”可知,这个时间表要包括吃饭、睡觉和做任何与学习无关的事情的时间。选项G“Then under each day, make a list of things to do each hour.”承上启下,符合语境。故选G。
4.D 根据上文“Take frequent, short breaks. Taking a break from studying for 15 minutes every hour will help keep you refreshed.”可知,要经常短暂地休息一下,这能让你精神焕发。选项D“Our brains are not meant to work for hours non-stop.”进一步说明了我们的大脑需要休息。下文“If you don’t take a break, you may find yourself daydreaming or even falling asleep.”列举了不休息的后果。选项D承上启下。故选D。
5.E 根据上文“Also try to make time for friends and family.”可知,要花时间跟朋友和家人在一起。选项E “Having a good support system will help with all the stress.”说明了家人和朋友能给予我们的帮助。故选E。
Ⅶ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者在澳大利亚昆士兰大学读书期间的经历。
1.its 考查代词。修饰后文beautiful sunshine, unique wildlife and laid-back lifestyle,应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
2.to 考查介词。表示“某人突然想起……”的句型为“It suddenly occurs to sb that…”。故填to。
3.Being surrounded 考查非谓语动词和语态。分析句子结构可知,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,作主语,且与其逻辑主语构成被动关系,应用being done形式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Being surrounded。
4.organized 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,organize在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语activities构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填organized。
5.friendly 考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰people,形成名词短语,作表语。故填friendly。
6.invitations 考查名词。invitation为可数名词,由some修饰,应用复数形式。故填invitations。
7.was shown 考查时态和语态。主语与show构成被动关系,此处讲述过去的事情,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was shown。
8.truly 考查副词。此处修饰what引导的宾语从句,应用true的副词形式作状语。故填truly。
9.which 考查定语从句。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the major challenges,关系词作介词的宾语,指物,故用which。故填which。
10.the 考查冠词。the comfort zone表示“舒适区”。故填the。Period Two Lesson 1 Active Learning(Reading)
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
①active adj.主动的,积极的 ②assume vt.认为;假定,假设 ③automatic adj.自动的;无意识的 ④train vt.训练 ⑤process n. 过程 ⑥reflect vi. & vt.仔细思考;表达(意见);反映 reflect on思考 ⑦outer adj.外部的,外面的 ⑧inner adj.内部的 ⑨while conj.而,然而(表示对比) ⑩get in the way妨碍 pay attention to注意,关注 ACTIVE① LEARNING by Kevin Daum Most people assume② [1]that the human brain is set on “automatic③”—that means it learns all by itself. But this isn’t always true. We need to train④ ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process⑤ and to reflect on⑥ [2]what we have learnt. These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”. I suggest doing five things [3]to take an active role in your learning. [1]that引导宾语从句,that可以省略。 [2]what引导宾语从句。 [3]画线部分为不定式短语,在句中作目的状语。 Listen to the outer⑦ voice There are two kinds of voices: the inner⑧ voice and the outer voice. Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while⑨ the outer voice tells you about opinions from [4]what you hear or read. Although your inner voice can be useful, it can also get in the way⑩ of learning. If you keep paying too much attention t it, 主动学习 作者:凯文·道姆 大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动运行的”——这意味着大脑能自动学习。但这并非总是正确的。我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极参与学习过程并反思学到的东西。这些学习行为叫作“主动学习”。为做到积极主动地学习,我建议做以下五件事。 倾听外部的声音 有两种声音:内心的声音和外部的声音。你内心的声音表达你的个人观点,而外部的声音告诉你关于你听到或者读到的观点。虽然你内心的声音很有用,但它也可能妨碍学习。如果你一直过于关注它,
(续表)
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
risk vt.冒……的风险(或危险) miss vt.错过 instead adv.相反 open-minded adj.思想开明的 focus on专注于,聚焦于 argue vi.争论,争吵 argue with争吵 flexible adj.灵活的,可变通的 end up doing最后;最终 agree with sb同意某人的意见 at least至少 point of view观点,看法 promote vt.促进,增进 further adj.更进一步的;更多的 very adj.(特指人或事物)正是的;恰好的 act n. 行为,行动 work out弄懂某事物;计算出 in short总而言之;简单地说 curious adj.好奇的 attempt to尝试 at the heart of…在……的中心 entirely adv.完全;全部地 unlikely adj.不大可能的 be based on…以……为根据 dinosaur n.恐龙 exist vi.存在;实际上有 data n.资料;数据 source n.来源;出处 you ris missin important information. Instea, active learners are open-minde and focus o [5]what the speaker/writer is saying, not on [6]what their brain is saying in the background. In this way, they are in a better position to make decisions. [4]what引导宾语从句。 [5]what引导宾语从句。 [6]what引导宾语从句。 Argue wit your inner voice If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it [7]as most active learners do. When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong, think about [8]why the speaker/writer may be right. [9]Be flexibl in your opinions and you might end up agreein with the speaker/write after all. If not, at leas you have “listened to” another point of vie. [7]as引导方式状语从句,as意为“按照,像”。 [8]why引导宾语从句。 [9]画线句为“祈使句+并列连词+陈述句”句型。 Ask questions [10]Asking questions is the easiest way [11]to promot active learning. When you get information from someone, from books or the Internet, ask two, three, even five questions about the topic. The answers will lead you to furthe learning, and the ver ac of working ou questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic. In shor: Do not stop being curiou. [10]画线部分为动名词短语,在句中作主语。 [11]画线部分为不定式短语作定语,修饰名词way。 Get to the truth Active learners do not accept everything [12]they learn. They attempt t find the truth at the heart o each idea. Even when an idea sounds entirel unlikel, there may be an aspect of it [13]that is based o truth. So if someone says [14]that dinosaur still exis today, think about [15]why they believe this. Where does the idea come from Do they have enough dat to support their views If you try to find out the sourc of an idea, [16]no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something. [12]画线部分为定语从句,修饰代词everything,从句省略关系代词that。 [13]that引导定语从句,修饰名词aspect。 [14]that引导宾语从句。 [15]why引导宾语从句。 [16]no matter how引导让步状语从句。 就会冒错过重要信息的风险。相反,主动学习者思想开明,并专注于说话人/作者所说的话,而不是他们的大脑在背景中说的话。通过这种方式,他们可以更好地做出决策。 和你内心的声音争论 如果你发现内心的声音难以控制,你可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。当你内心的声音告诉你说话人/作者是错误的时候,想想为什么说话人/作者可能是对的。灵活处理你的意见,你最终可能会同意说话人/作者的观点。如果没有,至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。 提出问题 提出问题是促进主动学习最简单的方法。当你从某个人那里、书籍或互联网上获得信息时,提出有关该主题的两、三个,甚至五个问题。答案将引导你进一步学习,并且探究问题的行为将有助于你更好地理解该主题。简而言之:一定要始终保持好奇心。 寻找真相 主动学习者不会全盘接受学到的东西。他们努力从每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。即使一个想法听起来完全不可能,其中也可能有某个方面是基于事实的。因此,如果有人说现在恐龙仍存在,那就想想他们为什么会相信这一点。这个想法来自哪里 他们是否有足够的数据来支持他们的观点 如果你试图找出一个想法的来源,无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议,你都将增加学到一些东西的机会。
(续表)
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
miss out on错失,遗漏 ignore vt.忽视;置之不理 cannot help doing忍不住做…… after all毕竟 judge vt.判断,评判 impression n.印象;感想 separate vt.分离;(使)分开 separate…from…使……和……分开 Focus on the message Many people miss out o learning opportunities because they let their feelings get in the way. They refuse to learn or ignor [17]what is said because of [18]who the speaker/writer is. [19]It is true that we cannot help dislikin some people—this is human nature, after al. But do not forget you can still learn from them. Active learners do not judg people [20]based on first impression or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message fro the messenger. This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends. [17]what引导宾语从句。 [18]who引导宾语从句。 [19]画线部分为“It is+形容词+that…”句型,it作形式主语,that引导主语从句。 [20]画线部分为过去分词短语,在句中作状语。 专注于信息 许多人因为受到自己情感的阻碍而错过了学习的机会。他们因为说话人/作者的身份而拒绝学习或者忽视他们所说的内容。确实,我们难免会不喜欢某些人——毕竟这是人的本性。但不要忘记你仍然可以向他们学习。主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。相反,他们将信息与信息提供者分开。这在另一方面也同样适用——不要仅仅因为某些人的身份或仅仅因为他们是你的朋友就认为他们总是正确的。
Step 1 Fast reading
Step 2 Careful reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
( )1.Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 2
A.The inner voice shows your personal ideas.
B.The outer voice shows opinions of others.
C.Active learners are open to others’ opinions.
D.Only focusing on the outer voice makes you miss important information.
( )2.Which one is the easiest way to promote active learning
A.Asking questions.
B.Getting to the truth.
C.Listening to the outer voice.
D.Arguing with your inner voice.
( )3.What should you do if someone says dinosaurs still exist
A.Argue with the person immediately.
B.Point out the person’s mistakes to his face.
C.Think about the reasons behind the person’s idea.
D.Agree with the person and wait for the person’s explanation.
( )4.What can we learn from the text
A.The outer voice expresses your personal opinions.
B.Active learners focus on what their brain is saying in the background.
C.Active learners accept everything they learn.
D.Active learners focus on the message rather than the messenger.
Step 3 Summary
Read the text again and fill in the blanks.
The human brain doesn’t learn all by itself. You need to 1. (active) take part in the learning process and reflect on 2. you have learnt. Here are some suggestions to help you become active learners.
To begin with, you should listen to the outer voice instead of paying too much attention 3. the inner voice. You should be open-minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying, not on what your brain is saying in the background.
Secondly, argue with your inner voice. If you find your inner voice difficult 4. (control), you can argue with it as most active learners do. You might end up 5. (agree) with the speaker/writer after all.
Thirdly, keep asking questions, for asking questions is the 6. (easy) way to promote active learning. The very act of working them out will help you achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
What’s more, get to the truth. Active learners do not accept everything they learn. They attempt to find the 7. (true) at the heart of each idea. If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you 8. (increase) your chance of learning something.
Last but not least, focus on the message. Active learners do not judge people 9. (base) on first impressions or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger. This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are 10. just because they are your friends.
1.reflect vi. & vt.仔细思考;表达(意见);反映
(教材P52) We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt.
我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极参与学习过程并反思学到的东西。
(1)reflect on/upon 思考
be reflected in 倒映在;反映在
(2)reflection n. 反射;反映;映像;沉思
on reflection 经过仔细考虑后
be lost in reflection 陷入沉思
(3)reflective adj. 反光的;反思的,深思的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①She could see her face (reflect) in the water.
②This film is a real (reflect) of the living conditions of people in the western region.
③He made a (reflect) decision after carefully considering all the options.
(2)完成句子
①It is high time that how we treat our planet and take decisive measures to protect it.
是时候我们要反思如何对待我们的星球并采取果断措施保护它了。(应用文写作之倡议书)
②The snow-covered mountains the still lake, creating a peaceful atmosphere.
白雪皑皑的群山倒映在寂静的湖面上,营造出一种宁静的氛围。(读后续写之景物描写)
2.argue v.争论, 争吵;争辩;说服
(教材P52) Argue with your inner voice和你内心的声音争论
(1)argue with sb about/over sth
与某人争论某事
argue against/for… 为反对/支持……而争辩
argue sb into/out of doing sth
说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n. 争论;辩论;争吵
be in/get into an argument with sb
和某人争吵起来
have a heated argument about/over sth
就某事展开激烈的争论
It is beyond argument that…
无可争辩的是……
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Some students argue the use of mobile phones in school while most parents and teachers are strongly against it.
②Last weekend, I argued my roommate over who should do the cleaning.
③He managed to argue his parents letting him go to the concert with his friends.
(2)完成句子
① knowing another language brings more possibilities for your future.
毋庸置疑,会另一门语言会为你的未来带来更多可能性。(话题写作之语言学习)
②Last Friday, our class whether students should be allowed to use smartphones during lunch breaks.
上周五,我们班就是否应该允许学生在午休时间使用智能手机展开了激烈的争论。(应用文写作之报道)
3.assume vt.认为;假定,假设
(教材P52) Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.
大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动运行的”——这意味着大脑能自动学习。
(1)assume sb/sth to be 假定/假设某人/某物为
It is assumed that… 有人认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定
make the assumption that… 假设……
(3)assuming conj. 假定
assuming (that)… 假设/假定……
[温馨提示] assuming that为连词短语,连接条件状语从句,意思是“假定, 假设”,that可省略。如:
Assuming (that) it is true, what should we do now
假定这是真的,我们现在该怎么办
Assuming (that) the weather is favourable, the farmers will have a good harvest.
假如风调雨顺,农民将会有好收成。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①We should assume him (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.
② (assume) that the work will be finished ahead of time, what should we do next
③Many people make the (assume) that hunger only exists in developing countries.
(2)完成句子
global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.
人们认为,全球变暖和气候变化可能在未来造成更多的灾难。(话题写作之环境保护)
4.end up doing 最后;最终
(教材P53) Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
灵活处理你的意见,你最终可能会同意说话人/作者的观点。
end up with 以……结束(如具体事物的名词)
end up in 以……结束(如抽象概念的名词)
end up as 最终成为
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①If you don’t know what you want, you might end up (get) something you don’t want.
②The performance ended up a storm of applause from the crowd.
(2)完成句子
You’d better take your parents’ advice into account lest you .
你最好考虑一下你父母的建议,以免最终遇到大麻烦。(应用文写作之建议信)
5.promote v.促进,增进;提升,晋升;促销
(教材P53) Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.
提出问题是促进主动学习最简单的方法。
(1)promote sb (from…) to…
把某人(从……)提升到……
be/get promoted (to) 被提升(为)
(2)promotion n. 提升;促进;促销
(3)promoter n. 发起者;倡导者;支持者
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①I’ll look for another job unless I (promote) here within the year.
②The company is planning a big (promote) for their new products.
③He did fairly well and was soon promoted from secretary assistant manager.
(2)一词多义
①As a reward, I was promoted to district manager of Washington DC.
②The President’s visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries.
③Advertising companies always have to think up new ways to promote products.
(3)完成句子
Aiming , the Student Union is to hold a recitation contest for The Analects of Confucius.
为了弘扬中国传统文化,学生会将举办《论语》朗诵大赛。(话题写作之中国文化)
6.work out 弄懂某事物,解决;计算出;想出;锻炼;成功地发展
(教材P53) The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习,并且探究问题的行为将有助于你更好地理解该主题。
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①If you have learnt some maths in school, you can quite quickly work out that one eleventh is about 9 percent.
②Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings.
③So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
④As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
(2)完成句子
①I suggest that you before jumping in with both feet.
我建议你在全身心投入之前先制订一个详细的计划。(应用文写作之建议信)
②His face lit up when he learned that as planned.
当他得知一切正按计划进展顺利时,他喜笑颜开。(读后续写之表情描写)
7.attempt to 尝试
(教材P53) They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.
他们努力从每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。
(1)attempt v. 尝试;企图
attempt to do sth 努力/试图做某事
(2)attempt n. 努力;尝试;企图
make an attempt to do sth/at doing sth
试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
in an/one’s attempt to do sth (某人)试图做某事
(3)attempted adj. 未遂的;企图的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Panicked as I was, I attempted (collect) my thoughts, trying to explain the situation as concisely as possible.
②The police say they’re treating it as a case of (attempt) murder.
③She had no idea whether she could succeed the first attempt.
(2)一句多译
Curious, Harry stared at it for a while, what was in it. (v.)
→Curious, Harry stared at it for a while, what was in it. (n.)
哈里好奇地盯着它看了一会儿,试图弄清楚里面是什么。(读后续写之动作描写)
8.unlikely adj.不大可能的
(教材P53) Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
即使一个想法听起来完全不可能,其中也可能有某个方面是基于事实的。
(1)be unlikely to do sth 不大可能做某事
It is unlikely that… 不大可能……
(2)likely adj. 可能的, 预料的
be likely to do sth 很可能做某事
It is likely that… 很可能……
[温馨提示] likely的主语可以是人、物或形式主语it, 而possible和probable的主语不能是人, 一般为物或形式主语it。常用句型有:①It is possible (for sb) to do sth. ②It is possible/probable that…
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
Now that he’s been off sick all week he’s unlikely (come).
(2)一句多译
Above all, choose activities you enjoy, and you will stick with them.
→Above all, choose activities you enjoy, and you stick with them.
最重要的是, 选择你喜欢的活动, 你将会更有可能坚持下去。(应用文写作之建议信)
9.be based on… 以……为根据
(教材P53) Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
即使一个想法听起来完全不可能,其中也可能有某个方面是基于事实的。
(1)base n. 基地;基础
v. 以……为基础
base…on/upon… ……以……为基础/根据
(2)basis n. 基础
on the basis of… 以……为由
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期,经常
(3)basic adj. 基本的
(4)basically adv. 基本上;大体上
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Her theory (base) on her ten years of careful research.
②The course offers you (base) skills of reading, writing and communicating.
③ (basic) I agree with you, but there are a few small points I’d like to discuss.
(2)完成句子
Our school’s volunteer team is made up of enthusiastic members, who organize various activities , like visiting the home for the elderly.
我校的志愿者团队是由热心的成员们组成的,他们定期组织各种活动,比如拜访敬老院。(话题写作之
志愿活动)
10.exist vi.存在;实际上有
(教材P53) So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today, think about why they believe this.
因此,如果有人说现在恐龙仍存在,那就想想他们为什么会相信这一点。
(1)exist on…=live on… 靠……生存
exist in 存在于
There exists… 有/存在……(完全倒装句)
(2)existence n. 存在
in existence 现存的;现有的
come into existence 产生;存在
(3)existing adj. 现存的;现行的
[温馨提示] exist没有被动语态, 也不能用于进行时态。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The worker earned little money a month, so he had to exist only instant noodles.
②No one knows when such a custom came into (exist).
③We must take measures to solve the (exist) problems.
(2)完成句子
From this experience, I realize that happiness does not .
从这次经历中,我意识到幸福并不存在于财富中。(读后续写之人生感悟)
11.ignore vt.忽视;置之不理
(教材P53) They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.
他们因为说话人/作者的身份而拒绝学习或者忽视他们所说的内容。
(1)ignorance n. 无知
in ignorance of 不知道, 一无所知
(2)ignorant adj. 无知的;愚昧的
be ignorant of/about sth 对某物一无所知
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Moral education should not (ignore) because it is of great importance to children’s future development.
②The old man is totally ignorant what happened just now because he was asleep at that time.
③His (ignore) of traffic regulations eventually caused the accident.
(2)完成句子
When we sing high praises for AI, we should not .
当我们高度赞扬人工智能的时候,我们不应该忽视其消极的影响。(话题写作之科技发展)
12.impression n.印象;感想
(教材P53) Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.
主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。
(1)leave/make a deep/good impression on sb
给某人留下深刻的/好的印象
(2)impress v. 给……留下深刻印象;使钦佩
impress sb with sth 使某人对某事印象深刻
impress sth/itself on/upon sth
给……留下深刻印象
be impressed by/with 对……印象深刻
What impresses sb most is…
让某人印象最深的是……
(3)impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①But this change has not yet impressed itself the minds of the public.
②The viewers were impressed the little girl’s wonderful performance at the evening party.
③The performance by such a young tennis player was (impress) indeed.
(2)完成句子
① was her encouragement to me when I met with difficulties.
让我印象最深刻的是当我遇到困难时她对我的鼓励。(应用文写作之人物描写)
②Yesterday, I had the privilege of visiting the Chinese Folk Art Exhibition, which .
昨天,我有幸参观了中国民间艺术展,这给我留下了深刻的印象。(话题写作之活动介绍)
1. (教材P52) Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.你内心的声音表达你的个人观点,而外部的声音告诉你关于你听到或者读到的观点。
while用作并列连词
句型公式
【句式点拨】
这是一个并列句,由并列连词while连接。while表示对比或转折,意为“而;然而”。此时,while一般位于句中。如:
Some people waste food, while others don’t have enough.
有些人浪费食物,然而有些人却吃不饱。
You like sports, while I prefer music.
你喜欢体育, 而我更喜欢音乐。
【归纳拓展】
(1)while用作连词时,还可引导时间状语从句,意思是“在……期间;与……同时”,从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如:
I picked up some French words while I was on holiday in Paris.
我在巴黎度假期间偶然学会了一些法语单词。
While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.
正当吉姆修他的自行车时,林涛来看他。
(2)while用作连词时,也可引导让步状语从句,意思是“尽管;虽然”, 此时while一般位于句首。如:
While I like the colour of the hat, I do not like its shape.
虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色,但我不喜欢它的形状。
While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
虽然我理解你所说的,但我不同意(你的看法)。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①I visited the Great Wall three times .
我在北京期间游览过三次长城。(话题写作之旅游
经历)
②His body is aging,
.
他的身体正在老去,而他的精神依旧年轻。(读后续
写之人物描写)
③ , it is also filled with opportunities.
虽然生活充满了挑战,但它也充满了机会。(读后续
写之主题升华句)
2.(教材P53) Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.灵活处理你的意见,你最终可能会同意说话人/作者的观点。
“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型
句型公式
【句式点拨】
这是一个并列句。该句使用了“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,其中,祈使句常表示条件,可改为if引导的条件状语从句;陈述句表示结果。如:
Work hard, and you will pass the exams.
=If you work hard, you will pass the exams.
努力学习, 你就会通过考试。
Come early, and you will see the actor.
=If you come early, you will see the actor.
早点来, 你就会看到这位男演员。
【归纳拓展】
(1)如果是警告某人做某事,否则有坏的结果,则用“祈使句+or+陈述句”句型,其中,祈使句常表示条件,可改为unless引导的条件状语从句。如:
Work hard, or you will fail in the exams.
=You will fail in the exams unless you work hard.
努力学习,否则你考试会不及格。
Hurry up, or we’ll be late for school.
=We’ll be late for school unless we hurry up.
快点,不然我们上学就会迟到。
(2)有时,祈使句可以是个名词词组,构成“名词词组+and+陈述句”句型。如:
It is really dangerous. One more step, and the baby will fall into the well.
这真的很危险。再多迈一步,这个婴儿就会掉进井里。
(3)在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中,陈述句通常用一般将来时。如:
Walk along the street and turn left and you’ll find the post office.
沿着这条街道走,然后左拐,你就会找到那家邮局。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Keep to the path you’ll lose your way.
②Just listen to him, you will see how clever he is!
(2)完成句子
① , and you can work miracles of your own.
相信自己,你能创造出属于你的奇迹。(应用文写作
之建议信)
② , or you will never be able to change the current situation.
停止抱怨,否则你将永远无法改变现状。(应用文写
作之建议信)Period Two Lesson 1 Active Learning(Reading)
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.Having found (内部的) peace, she now has a more positive attitude to life.
2.The (外部的) space is mysterious and full of wonders, filled with unexplored secrets.
3.The (灵活的) schedule allows me to balance work and family responsibilities.
4.The latest research indicates that d are warm-blooded creatures but the reason for their extinction is not known.
5.The d showed that male students tend to perform better than female students in maths, while female students excel in languages.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.Plastic pollution is a growing threat to our oceans and wildlife, and it should not (ignore) any longer.
2.Her outstanding performance on the stage left a lasting (impress) on the audience.
3.The chances of that strange creature’s (exist) in the deep ocean are slim .
4.Due to her busy schedule, she is unlikely (take ) part in the weekend volunteer event.
5.He flashed a contented smile when his boss announced his (promote) during the meeting.
6.After much (reflect), he realized that his success was built on a firm foundation of hard work and dedication.
7.The error message (automatic) disappeared after I restarted the computer.
8.There was a lively (argue) at the meeting about the best approach to proceeding with the project.
9.According to the survey results, we assume the majority of customers (be) satisfied with our new product.
10.The scientists argued each other to come up with a theory that would explain the mysterious phenomenon.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.If you go to the lecture, try to get the general idea and (记笔记).
2.You should (思考) your past mistakes before you carry out the new research.
3. (弄懂) what situations or people make you feel stressed and avoid them.
4.Please move the chairs a bit further. They are standing (挡路).
5.The boss always says that the customers are (位于……的中心) everything he does.
6. (总而言之), the activity means a lot to us. Not only did it give us a chance of relaxation, but it also promoted the friendship among us.
7.No matter where you go in life or how old you get, there’s always something new to learn about. (毕竟), life is full of surprises.
8.He was told that it would be (至少) three more months before he could recover and return to work.
9.It is said that this movie (以……为根据) a true story, and I want to say, this movie does inspire me a lot.
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1.Stand on the top of the tower .(祈使句+and+陈述句)
站在塔顶,你就能欣赏到整个城市的景色。
2.Some people are wasting large quantities of things every day .(表对比)
有些人每日浪费大量的东西,而有些人却艰难谋生。
3. because it is written in a friendly,ordinary language.
这本书很容易理解,因为它是用友好、普通的语言文字写的。
●Ⅴ 完形填空
I was born in the slums (贫民窟). 1 , my father didn’t let me attend school. I was always jealous (妒羡的) when my brother went to 2 each day. So, one day, I 3 him and hid under the teacher’s desk. She noticed me and sent me home. She 4 my father to put me in school. Much to my pleasure, my father agreed.
I loved learning, and I 5 moved to the top of my class. When I graduated from high school, I wanted to become an engineer. My father 6 me to attend university, but he said as a girl I should study food science instead. My first reaction was that food science was the 7 thing I wanted to study. After a childhood preparing meals for my family, there was nothing I hated more than 8 . I took part in a food science programme anyway, and I 9 that food science wasn’t so bad at all.
In the years that followed, I received a PhD in food engineering. I worked with a company that wanted to 10 malnutrition (营养不良) in the slums. I 11 the ingredients (原料) in the traditional flatbread. I realized it was the most effective 12 to introduce more nutrition into the diet of 13 people, because it was the food that was eaten at every meal. My work has won many prizes.
In my life, I’ve faced many 14 , but I didn’t let them hold me back. I hope others can take 15 from my story and realize that—though they may be facing challenges—they, too, can keep going and succeed.
( )1.A.After all B.At first
C.In addition D.In short
( )2.A.sleep B.work
C.market D.school
( )3.A.missed B.stopped
C.followed D.guided
( )4.A.allowed B.expected
C.forced D.advised
( )5.A.rapidly B.suddenly
C.nearly D.eventually
( )6.A.wanted B.invited
C.judged D.chose
( )7.A.other B.next
C.last D.only
( )8.A.cooking B.waiting
C. cleaning D.shopping
( )9.A.struggled B.discovered
C.reflected D.doubted
( )10.A.talk about B.deal with
C.come across D.point out
( )11.A.found B.created
C.changed D.prepared
( )12.A.time B.reason
C.plan D.method
( )13.A.poor B.energetic
C.old D.weak
( )14.A.reforms B.challenges
C.tests D.dangers
( )15.A.admiration B.enjoyment
C.encouragement D.warning
●Ⅵ 阅读七选五
Habits to be a highly effective student
Some students are able to get straight A’s and at the same time serve as the president of three clubs. However, some students struggle to keep their GPA (Grade Point Average) above 3.0. 1. Although it’s true that everyone’s IQ is different, good study habits are very important. Here are several habits you should adopt to get good grades.
2. If you haven’t had a planner (规划簿), get one. Many people use their computers and smart phones to make a schedule. The problem with that approach is that they are major distractions. Instead, get an old-fashioned paper and pen planner.
Create a weekly schedule. 3. Include time that will be spent eating, sleeping and doing anything not related to school work. That way you know exactly how much you can accomplish each day.
Take frequent, short breaks. Taking a break from studying for 15 minutes every hour will help keep you refreshed. 4. If you don’t take a break, you may find yourself daydreaming or even falling asleep. Take some time for some water, a snack or a quick chat with a friend.
Take care of yourself. During the final exam week, it is common for students to fall behind on sleep and meals. Make sure you get a good night’s sleep and have regular meals. Studying while hungry or sleepy is ineffective and will slow you down in the long run. Also try to make time for friends and family. 5.
A.Keep things organized.
B.Keep away from your computers.
C.Of course, not everyone needs breaks.
D.Our brains are not meant to work for hours non-stop.
E.Having a good support system will help with all the stress.
F.And they seem to spend all of their time in studying.
G.Then under each day, make a list of things to do each hour.
●Ⅶ 语法填空
Australia has always been at the top of my travel bucket list, with 1. (it) beautiful sunshine, unique wildlife and laid-back lifestyle. Upon realizing that I could incorporate an academic exchange into my Public Health degree, it suddenly occurred 2. me that this would be my golden ticket to the land.
While studying at the University of Queensland, I lived in Union College. 3. (surround) by mostly Australian students and attending the cultural activities 4. (organize) in the local community really allowed me to get the most out of my experience abroad.
I soon found that like Canadians, Australians are 5. (friend) people. A number of friends gave me some 6. (invitation) and introduced me to their families. I 7. (show) around their hometowns. These experiences made it possible for me to learn what it is 8. (true) like to grow up and live in Australia.
One of the major challenges, with 9. I was faced abroad, was understanding Australia’s unique slang.
For those students going on an exchange, don’t be afraid to step into the unknown. Go outside of 10. comfort zone and take full advantage of your time abroad! (共82张PPT)
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
①active adj.主动 的,积极的 ②assume vt.认 为;假定,假设 ③automatic adj. 自动的;无意识的 ④train vt.训练 ⑤process n. 过 程 ⑥reflect vi. & vt.仔细思考;表达 (意见);反映 reflect on思考 ACTIVE LEARNING by Kevin Daum Most people assume ［ 1］that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself. But this isn't always true. We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on ［2］what we have learnt. 主动学习
作者:凯文·道姆
大多数人认为
人类的大脑是“自动
运行的”——这意味
着大脑能自动学
习。但这并非总是
正确的。我们需要
训练自己成为更好
的学习者——积极
参与学习过程并反
思学到的东西。
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”. I suggest doing five things ［3］to take an active role in your learning. ［1］that引导宾语从句,that可以 省略。 ［2］what引导宾语从句。 ［3］画线部分为不定式短语,在 句中作目的状语。 这些学习行为叫作
“主动学习”。为做
到积极主动地学习,
我建议做以下五件
事。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
⑦outer adj.外部 的,外面的 ⑧inner adj.内部 的 ⑨while conj.而, 然而(表示对比) ⑩get in the way妨碍 Listen to the outer voice There are two kinds of voices: the inner voice and the outer voice. Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from ［4］what you hear or read. Although your inner voice can be useful, it can also get in the way of learning. 倾听外部的声
音
有两种声音:内
心的声音和外部的
声音。你内心的声
音表达你的个人观
点,而外部的声音告
诉你关于你听到或
者读到的观点。虽
然你内心的声音很
有用,但它也可能妨
碍学习。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
pay attention to注意,关注 risk vt.冒…… 的风险(或危险) miss vt.错过 instead adv. 相反 open-minded adj.思想开明的 focus on专注 于,聚焦于 If you keep payingtoo much attention to it,you risk missing important information. Instead , active learners are open-minded and focus on ［5］what the speaker/writer is saying, not on ［6］what their brain is saying in the background. In this way, they are in a better position to make decisions. ［4］what引导宾语从句。 ［5］what引导宾语从句。 ［6］what引导宾语从句。 如果你一直过于关
注它,就会冒错过重
要信息的风险。相
反,主动学习者思想
开明,并专注于说话
人/作者所说的话,
而不是他们的大脑
在背景中说的话。
通过这种方式,他们
可以更好地做出决
策。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
argue vi.争论, 争吵 argue with争吵 Argue with your inner Voice If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it ［7］as most active learners do. When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong, think about ［8］why the speaker/writer may be right. 和你内心的声
音争论
如果你发现内
心的声音难以控制,
你可以像大多数主
动学习者那样和它
争论。当你内心的
声音告诉你说话人/
作者是错误的时候,
想想为什么说话人/
作者可能是对的。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
flexible adj.灵 活的,可变通的 end up doing 最后;最终 agree with sb 同意某人的意见 at least至少 point of view 观点,看法 ［9］Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all. If not, at least you have “listened to” another point of view . ［7］as引导方式状语从句,as意为 “按照,像”。 ［8］why引导宾语从句。 ［9］画线句为“祈使句+并列连词 +陈述句”句型。 灵活处理你的意见,
你最终可能会同意
说话人/作者的观
点。如果没有,至少
你已经“听过”了另
一种观点。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
promote vt.促 进,增进 further adj.更 进一步的;更多的 very adj. (特指人或事物) 正是的;恰好的 act n. 行为,行 动 work out弄懂 某事物;计算出 Ask questions［10］Asking questions is the easiest way ［11］to promote active learning. When you get information from someone, from books or the Internet, ask two, three, even five questions about the topic. The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic. 提出问题
提出问题是促
进主动学习最简单
的方法。当你从某
个人那里、书籍或
互联网上获得信息
时,提出有关该主题
的两、三个,甚至五
个问题。答案将引
导你进一步学习,并
且探究问题的行为
将有助于你更好地
理解该主题。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
in short总而言 之;简单地说 curious adj.好 奇的 In short : Do not stop being curious . ［10］画线部分为动名词短语,在 句中作主语。 ［11］画线部分为不定式短语作 定语,修饰名词way。 简而言之:一定要始
终保持好奇心。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
attempt to尝 试 at the heart of…在……的中 心 entirely adv.完 全;全部地 unlikely adj.不 大可能的 be based on… 以……为根据 Get to the truth Active learners do not accept everything ［12］they learn. They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea. Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely , there may be an aspect of it ［13］that is based on truth. 寻找真相
主动学习者不
会全盘接受学到的
东西。他们努力从
每个观点最核心的
地方寻找真相。即
使一个想法听起来
完全不可能,其中也
可能有某个方面是
基于事实的。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
dinosaur n.恐 龙 exist vi.存在; 实际上有 data n.资料;数 据 source n.来源; 出处 So if someone says ［14］that dinosaurs still exist today, think about ［15］why they believe this. Where does the idea come from Do they have enough data to support their views If you try to find out the source of an idea, ［16］no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something. 因此,如果有人说现
在恐龙仍存在,那就
想想他们为什么会
相信这一点。这个
想法来自哪里 他们
是否有足够的数据
来支持他们的观点
如果你试图找出一
个想法的来源,无论
这个想法看起来多
么不可思议,你都将
增加学到一些东西
的机会。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
［12］画线部分为定语从句,修饰 代词everything,从句省略关系代 词that。 ［13］that引导定语从句,修饰名 词aspect。 ［14］that引导宾语从句。 ［15］why引导宾语从句。 ［16］no matter how引导让步 状语从句。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
miss out on错 失,遗漏 ignore vt.忽视; 置之不理 cannot help doing忍不住 做…… after all毕竟 Focus on the message Many people miss out on learning opportunities because they let their feelings get in the way. They refuse to learn or ignore ［17］what is said because of ［18］who the speaker/writer is. ［19］It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all . 专注于信息
许多人因为受
到自己情感的阻碍
而错过了学习的机
会。他们因为说话
人/作者的身份而拒
绝学习或者忽视他
们所说的内容。确
实,我们难免会不喜
欢某些人——毕竟
这是人的本性。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
judge vt.判断, 评判 impression n. 印象;感想 separate vt.分 离;(使)分开 separate…from… 使……和……分 开 But do not forget you can still learn from them. Active learners do not judge people ［20］based on first impressions or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger. 但不要忘记你仍然
可以向他们学习。
主动学习者不会根
据第一印象或个人
感受来判断人。相
反,他们将信息与信
息提供者分开。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends. 这在另一方面也同
样适用——不要仅
仅因为某些人的身
份或仅仅因为他们
是你的朋友就认为
他们总是正确的。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
［17］what引导宾语从句。 ［18］who引导宾语从句。 ［19］画线部分为“It is+形容词 +that…”句型，it作形式主语,that 引导主语从句。 ［20］画线部分为过去分词短语, 在句中作状语。
续表
Step 1 Fast reading
process
Reflect on
outer
inner
questions
truth
message
Step 2 Careful reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
( ) 1.Which of the following is NOT true according to
Paragraph 2
A.The inner voice shows your personal ideas.
B.The outer voice shows opinions of others.
C.Active learners are open to others' opinions.
D.Only focusing on the outer voice makes you miss important
information.
√
( ) 2.Which one is the easiest way to promote active
learning
A.Asking questions.
B.Getting to the truth.
C.Listening to the outer voice.
D.Arguing with your inner voice.
√
( ) 3.What should you do if someone says dinosaurs still
exist
A.Argue with the person immediately.
B.Point out the person's mistakes to his face.
C.Think about the reasons behind the person's idea.
D.Agree with the person and wait for the person's explanation.
√
( ) 4.What can we learn from the text
A.The outer voice expresses your personal opinions.
B.Active learners focus on what their brain is saying in the
background.
C.Active learners accept everything they learn.
D.Active learners focus on the message rather than the
messenger.
√
Step 3 Summary
Read the text again and fill in the blanks.
The human brain doesn't learn all by itself. You need to
1.________(active) take part in the learning process and reflect
on 2.______ you have learnt. Here are some suggestions to help
you become active learners.
actively
what
To begin with, you should listen to the outer voice instead
of paying too much attention 3.____ the inner voice. You should
be open-minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying,
not on what your brain is saying in the background.
Secondly, argue with your inner voice. If you find your
inner voice difficult 4.___________(control), you can argue with it
as most active learners do. You might end up 5._________(agree)
with the speaker/writer after all.
to
to control
agreeing
Thirdly, keep asking questions, for asking questions is the
6._______(easy) way to promote active learning. The very act of
working them out will help you achieve a higher level of
understanding about the topic.
What's more, get to the truth. Active learners do not accept
everything they learn. They attempt to find the 7.______(true) at
the heart of each idea. If you try to find out the source of an
idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you 8.____________(increase)
your chance of learning something.
easiest
truth
will increase
Last but not least, focus on the message. Active learners do
not judge people 9._______(base) on first impressions or
personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message from the
messenger. This goes the other way as well—do not just
assume that some people are always right because of who they
are 10.____ just because they are your friends.
based
or
1.reflect vi. & vt.仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映
(教材P52) We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to
actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what
we have learnt.
我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极参与学习过程并反思
学到的东西。
(1)reflect on/upon 思考
be reflected in 倒映在；反映在
(2)reflection n.反射；反映；映像；沉思
on reflection 经过仔细考虑后
be lost in reflection 陷入沉思
(3)reflective adj.反光的；反思的，深思的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①She could see her face _________(reflect) in the water.
②This film is a real __________(reflect) of the living conditions
of people in the western region.
③He made a _________(reflect) decision after carefully
considering all the options.
reflected
reflection
reflective
(2)完成句子
①It is high time that __________________________________ how
we treat our planet and take decisive measures to protect it.
是时候我们要反思如何对待我们的星球并采取果断措施保护它了。
(应用文写作之倡议书)
we reflected/should reflect on/upon
②The snow-covered mountains _______________ the still lake,
creating a peaceful atmosphere.
白雪皑皑的群山倒映在寂静的湖面上，营造出一种宁静的氛围。
(读后续写之景物描写)
are reflected in
2.argue v.争论, 争吵;争辩;说服
(教材P52) Argue with your inner voice和你内心的声音争论
(1)argue with sb about/over sth与某人争论某事
argue against/for…为反对/支持……而争辩
argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n.争论;辩论;争吵
be in/get into an argument with sb 和某人争吵起来
have a heated argument about/over sth 就某事展开激烈的争论
It is beyond argument that… 无可争辩的是……
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Some students argue ____ the use of mobile phones in
school while most parents and teachers are strongly against it.
②Last weekend, I argued _____ my roommate over who should
do the cleaning.
③He managed to argue his parents _____ letting him go to the
concert with his friends.
for
with
into
(2)完成句子
①__________________________ knowing another language brings
more possibilities for your future.
毋庸置疑,会另一门语言会为你的未来带来更多可能性。(话题写作之
语言学习)
It is beyond argument that
②Last Friday, our class __________________________________
whether students should be allowed to use smartphones during
lunch breaks.
上周五，我们班就是否应该允许学生在午休时间使用智能手机展开
了激烈的争论。(应用文写作之报道)
had a heated argument about/over
3.assume vt.认为;假定,假设
(教材P52) Most people assume that the human brain is set on
“automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.
大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动运行的”——这意味着大脑能自动学习。
(1)assume sb/sth to be 假定/假设某人/某物为
It is assumed that… 有人认为……
(2)assumption n.假定
make the assumption that… 假设……
(3)assuming conj.假定
assuming (that)… 假设/假定……
［温馨提示］assuming that为连词短语,连接条件状语从句,意思是
“假定, 假设”,that可省略。如:
Assuming (that) it is true, what should we do now
假定这是真的,我们现在该怎么办
Assuming (that) the weather is favourable, the farmers will have
a good harvest.
假如风调雨顺,农民将会有好收成。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①We should assume him _______(be) innocent until he is
proved guilty.
②__________(assume) that the work will be finished ahead of
time, what should we do next
③Many people make the ____________(assume) that hunger
only exists in developing countries.
to be
Assuming
assumption
(2)完成句子
__________________ global warming and climate change could
cause even more disasters in the future.
人们认为，全球变暖和气候变化可能在未来造成更多的灾难。
(话题写作之环境保护)
It is assumed that
4.end up doing 最后;最终
(教材P53) Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up
agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
灵活处理你的意见,你最终可能会同意说话人/作者的观点。
end up with 以……结束(如具体事物的名词)
end up in 以……结束(如抽象概念的名词)
end up as 最终成为
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①If you don't know what you want, you might end up
________(get) something you don't want.
②The performance ended up _____ a storm of applause from
the crowd.
getting
with
(2)完成句子
You'd better take your parents' advice into account lest you
______________________.
你最好考虑一下你父母的建议,以免最终遇到大麻烦。(应用文写作之
建议信)
end up in big trouble
5.promote v.促进,增进;提升,晋升;促销
(教材P53) Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active
learning.
提出问题是促进主动学习最简单的方法。
(1)promote sb (from…) to… 把某人(从……)提升到……
be/get promoted (to) 被提升(为)
(2)promotion n.提升;促进;促销
(3)promoter n.发起者；倡导者；支持者
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①I'll look for another job unless I ______________(promote)
here within the year.
②The company is planning a big ___________(promote) for their
new products.
③He did fairly well and was soon promoted from secretary
____ assistant manager.
am promoted
promotion
to
(2)一词多义
①As a reward, I was promoted to district manager of
Washington DC.______
②The President's visit will promote the cooperation between
the two countries.______
③Advertising companies always have to think up new ways to
promote products.______
晋升
促进
促销
(3)完成句子
Aiming ________________________________________, the Student
Union is to hold a recitation contest for The Analects of
Confucius.
为了弘扬中国传统文化,学生会将举办《论语》朗诵大赛。
(话题写作之中国文化)
to promote the traditional Chinese culture
6.work out 弄懂某事物,解决;计算出;想出;锻炼;成功地发展
(教材P53) The answers will lead you to further learning, and the
very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a
higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习,并且探究问题的行为将有助于你更好地理
解该主题。
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①If you have learnt some maths in school, you can quite
quickly work out that one eleventh is about 9 percent.________
②Working out can help you reduce stress and get over
negative feelings.______
③So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I
decided to ask Tom for advice.________________
④As is often the case, we have worked out the production
plan.______
计算出
锻炼
解决,弄懂某事物
想出
(2)完成句子
①I suggest that you ________________________________ before
jumping in with both feet.
我建议你在全身心投入之前先制订一个详细的计划。(应用文写作之
建议信)
(should) work out a detailed plan
②His face lit up when he learned that _______________________
________ as planned.
当他得知一切正按计划进展顺利时,他喜笑颜开。(读后续写之表情描写)
everything was working out well
7.attempt to 尝试
(教材P53) They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each
idea.
他们努力从每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。
(1)attempt v.尝试;企图
attempt to do sth努力/试图做某事
(2)attempt n.努力;尝试;企图
make an attempt to do sth/at doing sth 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
in an/one's attempt to do sth(某人)试图做某事
(3)attempted adj.未遂的;企图的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Panicked as I was, I attempted __________(collect) my
thoughts, trying to explain the situation as concisely as possible.
②The police say they're treating it as a case of
___________(attempt) murder.
③She had no idea whether she could succeed ___ the first
attempt.
to collect
attempted
at
(2)一句多译
Curious, Harry stared at it for a while, _______________________
what was in it. (v.)
→Curious, Harry stared at it for a while, _____________________
___________ what was in it. (n.)
哈里好奇地盯着它看了一会儿,试图弄清楚里面是什么。(读后续写之
动作描写)
attempting to figure out
making an attempt to figure out
8.unlikely adj.不大可能的
(教材P53) Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there
may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
即使一个想法听起来完全不可能,其中也可能有某个方面是基于事实的。
(1)be unlikely to do sth 不大可能做某事
It is unlikely that… 不大可能……
(2)likely adj.可能的, 预料的
be likely to do sth 很可能做某事
It is likely that… 很可能……
［温馨提示］likely的主语可以是人、物或形式主语it, 而possible和
probable的主语不能是人, 一般为物或形式主语it。常用句型有:①It
is possible (for sb) to do sth. ②It is possible/probable that…
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
Now that he's been off sick all week he's unlikely
_________(come).
to come
(2)一句多译
Above all, choose activities you enjoy, and ___________________
____ you will stick with them.
→Above all, choose activities you enjoy, and you _____________
________ stick with them.
最重要的是, 选择你喜欢的活动, 你将会更有可能坚持下去。
(应用文写作之建议信)
it is more likely that
will be more likely to
9.be based on… 以……为根据
(教材P53) Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may
be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
即使一个想法听起来完全不可能,其中也可能有某个方面是基于事实的。
(1)base n. 基地;基础
v.以……为基础
base…on/upon… 以……为基础/根据
(2)basis n.基础
on the basis of… 以……为由
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期,经常
(3)basic adj.基本的
(4)basically adv.基本上;大体上
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Her theory _________(base) on her ten years of careful
research.
②The course offers you ______(base) skills of reading, writing
and communicating.
③_________(basic) I agree with you, but there are a few small
points I'd like to discuss.
is based
basic
Basically
(2)完成句子
Our school's volunteer team is made up of enthusiastic
members, who organize various activities __________________,
like visiting the home for the elderly.
我校的志愿者团队是由热心的成员们组成的,他们定期组织各种活动,
比如拜访敬老院。(话题写作之志愿活动)
on a regular basis
10.exist vi.存在;实际上有
(教材P53) So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today,
think about why they believe this.
因此,如果有人说现在恐龙仍存在,那就想想他们为什么会相信这一点。
(1)exist on…=live on… 靠……生存
exist in 存在于
There exists… 有/存在……(完全倒装句)
(2)existence n.存在
in existence 现存的;现有的
come into existence 产生;存在
(3)existing adj.现存的;现行的
［温馨提示］exist没有被动语态, 也不能用于进行时态。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The worker earned little money a month, so he had to exist
____ only instant noodles.
②No one knows when such a custom came into
__________(exist).
③We must take measures to solve the ________(exist) problems.
on
existence
existing
(2)完成句子
From this experience, I realize that happiness does not
_______________.
从这次经历中，我意识到幸福并不存在于财富中。(读后续写之人生
感悟)
exist in wealth
11.ignore vt.忽视;置之不理
(教材P53) They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because
of who the speaker/writer is.
他们因为说话人/作者的身份而拒绝学习或者忽视他们所说的内容。
(1)ignorance n.无知
in ignorance of 不知道, 一无所知
(2)ignorant adj.无知的;愚昧的
be ignorant of/about sth 对某物一无所知
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Moral education should not ____________(ignore) because it is
of great importance to children's future development.
②The old man is totally ignorant _________ what happened just
now because he was asleep at that time.
③His __________(ignore) of traffic regulations eventually caused
the accident.
be ignored
of/about
ignorance
(2)完成句子
When we sing high praises for AI, we should not _____________
______________.
当我们高度赞扬人工智能的时候，我们不应该忽视其消极的影响。
(话题写作之科技发展)
ignore its negative effects
12.impression n.印象;感想
(教材P53) Active learners do not judge people based on first
impressions or personal feelings.
主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。
(1)leave/make a deep/good impression on sb 给某人留下深刻的/
好的印象
(2)impress v.给……留下深刻印象;使钦佩
impress sb with sth 使某人对某事印象深刻
impress sth/itself on/upon sth 给……留下深刻印象
be impressed by/with 对……印象深刻
What impresses sb most is… 让某人印象最深的是……
(3)impressive adj.令人印象深刻的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①But this change has not yet impressed itself _________ the
minds of the public.
②The viewers were impressed ________ the little girl's wonderful
performance at the evening party.
③The performance by such a young tennis player was
___________(impress) indeed.
on/upon
with/by
impressive
(2)完成句子
①_________________________ was her encouragement to me
when I met with difficulties.
让我印象最深刻的是当我遇到困难时她对我的鼓励。(应用文写作之
人物描写)
What impressed me most
②Yesterday, I had the privilege of visiting the Chinese Folk Art
Exhibition, which ___________________________________.
昨天,我有幸参观了中国民间艺术展,这给我留下了深刻的印象。
(话题写作之活动介绍)
left/made a deep impression on me
1.(教材P52) Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions,
while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what
you hear or read.你内心的声音表达你的个人观点,而外部的声音告
诉你关于你听到或者读到的观点。
句型公式
while用作并列连词
【句式点拨】
这是一个并列句,由并列连词while连接。while表示对比或转折,意为
“而;然而”。此时,while一般位于句中。如:
Some people waste food, while others don't have enough.
有些人浪费食物,然而有些人却吃不饱。
You like sports, while I prefer music.
你喜欢体育, 而我更喜欢音乐。
【归纳拓展】
(1)while用作连词时,还可引导时间状语从句,意思是“在……期间;
与……同时”,从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如:
I picked up some French words while I was on holiday in Paris.
我在巴黎度假期间偶然学会了一些法语单词。
While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.
正当吉姆修他的自行车时,林涛来看他。
(2)while用作连词时,也可引导让步状语从句,意思是“尽管;虽然”, 此时
while一般位于句首。如:
While I like the colour of the hat, I do not like its shape.
虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色,但我不喜欢它的形状。
While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you.
虽然我理解你所说的,但我不同意(你的看法)。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①I visited the Great Wall three times _____________________.
我在北京期间游览过三次长城。(话题写作之旅游经历)
while I was in Beijing
②His body is aging, _____________________________.
他的身体正在老去，而他的精神依旧年轻。(读后续写之人物描写)
while his spirit remains young
③_____________________________, it is also filled with
opportunities.
虽然生活充满了挑战，但它也充满了机会。(读后续写之主题升华句)
While life is full of challenges
2.(教材P53) Be flexible in your opinions and you might end
up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.灵活处理你的意见,
你最终可能会同意说话人/作者的观点。
句型公式
“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型
【句式点拨】
这是一个并列句。该句使用了“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,其中,祈使
句常表示条件,可改为if引导的条件状语从句;陈述句表示结果。如:
Work hard, and you will pass the exams.
=If you work hard, you will pass the exams.
努力学习, 你就会通过考试。
Come early, and you will see the actor.
=If you come early, you will see the actor.
早点来, 你就会看到这位男演员。
【归纳拓展】
(1)如果是警告某人做某事,否则有坏的结果,则用“祈使句+or+陈述句”
句型,其中,祈使句常表示条件,可改为unless引导的条件状语从句。如:
Work hard, or you will fail in the exams.
=You will fail in the exams unless you work hard.
努力学习,否则你考试会不及格。
Hurry up, or we'll be late for school.
=We'll be late for school unless we hurry up.
快点,不然我们上学就会迟到。
(2)有时,祈使句可以是个名词词组,构成“名词词组+and+陈述句”句型。
如:
It is really dangerous. One more step, and the baby will fall
into the well.
这真的很危险。再多迈一步,这个婴儿就会掉进井里。
(3)在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中,陈述句通常用一般将来时。如:
Walk along the street and turn left and you'll find the post
office.
沿着这条街道走,然后左拐,你就会找到那家邮局。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Keep to the path ____ you'll lose your way.
②Just listen to him, _____ you will see how clever he is!
or
and
(2)完成句子
①__________________, and you can work miracles of your own.
相信自己，你能创造出属于你的奇迹。(应用文写作之建议信)
Believe in yourself
②_________________, or you will never be able to change the
current situation.
停止抱怨，否则你将永远无法改变现状。(应用文写作之建议信)
Stop complaining
