Period Three Lesson 2 Why Do We Need Humour
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1. (1)①for chatting/to chat ②moody ③for
(2)in a good/happy mood
2. ①infection ②be infected ③infectious
3.(1)①whispering that she would love me forever
②It is whispered that ③whispered to her
(2)in a whisper/in whispers
4. (1)①embarrassment ②embarrassed ③embarrassing
④at/about (2)nervous and embarrassed
5. (1)①expensive ②at (2)at the expense of the environment
句型透视
1. (1)①were ②had been (2)as if/though to say
2. ①to get together for a big dinner
②every opportunity/chance to educate
③power/ability to connect with peoplePeriod Three Lesson 2 Why Do We Need Humour
Ⅰ. 1. far-reaching 2. blushed 3. muscle 4. immune
Ⅱ. 1. tension 2. Infection 3. accidentally 4. psychological
5. embarrassment 6. energised
Ⅲ. 1. has an influence/effect on 2. in a bad mood 3. For instance/example 4. benefit from 5. at my expense
6. attracted/drew my attention 7. whispered; in his ear
8. make a joke about
Ⅳ. 1. I felt as if 2. which also makes the film a success
3. even if/though you are under stress/pressure 4. that you should try your best to help others in need
Ⅴ. A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,文章用两个例子阐述了幽默能使我们有效地应对困难和尴尬的局面。
1. B 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Humour is the most effective, yet frequently neglected means of handling the difficult situations in our lives.”可知,本文主要阐述了幽默使我们能有效地处理困难,故选B。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“For example, many believe that comedians on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance than people in any other forum.”(例如,许多人认为,今天电视上的喜剧演员在种族和宗教宽容方面比其他任何论坛上的人都做得更多。)可知,A选项在文中被提到了;根据第一段的“Humour is the most effective, yet frequently neglected means of handling the difficult situations in our lives.”(幽默是处理我们生活中困难情况的最有效的手段,但常常被忽视。)可知,B选项被提到了;根据第一段的“For some jobs, it is the only tool that can succeed.”(对于某些工作来说,它是唯一能成功的工具。)可知,D选项被提到了,因此C选项没有被提到,故选C。
3. A 细节理解题。根据第三段的“…he successfully elbowed the swinging dining-room door,but the backswing (回摆) threw the turkey onto the dining-room floor.”(……他成功地用肘推开了餐厅的门,但是门的回摆把火鸡推到了地板上。)可知,门的反向运动让火鸡掉在了地上。故选A。
4. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“A wink and a one-liner instantly changed the dinner from a red-faced embarrassment to laughter.”可知,火鸡掉在地上本是件很尴尬的事情,如果再继续责骂孩子,可能会使情况更糟糕,故选A。
B
【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了讲笑话的人和欣赏笑话的人的共同之处是都有聪明才智,一项新的研究对此进行了进一步研究,并试图找到创造幽默和欣赏幽默之间的其他联系。文章还介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究的发现。
5. D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Telling jokes requires intelligence, creativity, imagination and the ability to tell a story, while listening to jokes is more passive behaviour but one that demands attention, intelligence and being in the right mood in order to enjoy jokes.”可知,讲笑话的人和欣赏笑话的人的共同之处是都具有聪明才智。故选D。
6. B 段落大意题。根据第二段“The author carried on the cartoon caption (字幕) task. 159 participants were shown more than 30 cartoons without captions and were asked to come up with a funny caption for each one of them. Later, independent judges classified those captions based on how funny they were.”可知,第二段主要介绍了这项研究的过程。故选B。
7. A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Moreover, outgoing people and those who are open to new experiences found the cartoons funnier, but surprisingly, outgoing people are less likely to be funny.”可推知,外向的人善于欣赏幽默。故选A。
8. C 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“They usually don’t like to express themselves in social situations.”可知,喜剧演员通常不喜欢在社交场合表达自己,说明他们比较安静和害羞。故画线词意为“内向的,不爱交际的”,与C项意思相近。故选C。
Ⅵ. 【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了喜剧演员亚当·桑德勒主演的电影对作者的积极影响。
1. performing 考查现在分词。空处应填非谓语动词,him与perform之间为主动关系,应用现在分词表示主动,作宾语补足语。故填performing。
2. with 考查介词。roar with laughter意为“放声大笑”。故填with。
3. more amused 考查形容词比较级。由句意及空前的I don’t think I have ever been可知,此处应填形容词比较级,作表语,与否定词not连用表示最高级的意思。故填more amused。
4. which 考查定语从句。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词为movie,指物,应用关系代词which。故填which。
5. to 考查介词。grin from ear to ear意为“笑得合不拢嘴”。故填to。
6. entertaining 考查形容词。由句意及空前的which make the movie even more可知,应填形容词entertaining,意为“娱乐的;使人愉快的”,作宾语补足语。故填entertaining。
7. impressive 考查形容词。由句意及空前的what is also可知,应填形容词impressive,意为“令人印象深刻的”,作表语。故填impressive。
8. conclusion 考查名词。in conclusion意为“总之”。故填conclusion。
9. a 考查冠词。in a good mood意为“好心情”。故填a。
10. to accomplish 考查不定式。deserve to do意为“值得做;应该做”,应用不定式作宾语。故填to accomplish。Period Three Lesson 2 Why Do We Need Humour
1. mood n.情绪,心情;气氛,氛围
(教材P12)The two-way effect between smiling and mood微笑和心情之间的双向影响
(1)be in a good/happy mood 心情愉悦
be in a bad/depressed mood 情绪不好/低落
be in the mood for (doing) sth/to do sth
有做某事的心思
或兴致
(2)moody adj. 情绪多变的,喜怒
无常的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①He had something on his mind and was in no mood (chat) with me.
②After he got injured, he became very (mood) and often lost his temper.
③With so much housework to do this afternoon, I don’t think I’m in the mood anything.
(2)完成句子
Being around someone who’s really happy can put you .
和一个真正快乐的人在一起会让你心情愉快。(读后
续写之主题升华句)
2. infection n.感染;传染
(教材P110) Both mean that our body is better able to fight infection. 两者都意味着我们的身体能够更好地对抗感染。
(1)infect v. 传染;使感染
be infected with 被传染上……;被……感染
(2)infectious adj. 传染性的;有感染力的
【活学活用】
单句填空
①Compared with manpower, unmanned deliveries avoid human contact and potential (infect).
②If you are bitten by a dog, you may (infect) with a terrible disease—rabies.
③Laughter is one of the most (infect) expressions of emotion.
3. whisper vi. & vt.耳语,低语,悄声说;私下说;沙沙作响 n.低语;轻柔的声音;传言
(教材P111) After a while, somebody whispered in my ear: “His name is Cliff, not Richard.” 过了一会儿,有人在我耳边小声说:“他叫克里夫,不是理查德。”
(1)whisper sth to sb 对某人耳语某事
It is/was whispered that… 传闻说……,有人私下里说……
(2)in a whisper/in whispers(=in a low voice)
小声地,低声地
【活学活用】
(1)完成句子
①My mother hugged me tightly, .(非谓语)
我的妈妈紧紧地抱着我,低声说她会永远爱我。(读后
续写之动作描写)
② the manager intends to resign.
传闻说经理打算辞职。
③I that I had something important to tell her.
我低声对她说,我有重要的事情要告诉她。(读后续
写之动作描写)
(2)词汇升级
He always talks in a low voice, so sometimes it’s difficult to hear what he’s saying.
→He always talks , so sometimes it’s difficult to hear what he’s saying.
4. embarrassment n.窘迫,尴尬
(教材P111) I made a joke about myself and that helped solve all the embarrassments.
我开了一个关于自己的玩笑,这有助于解决所有的尴尬。
(1)be/feel embarrassed at/about 对……感到尴尬
(2)embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The woman could barely utter any more words with her face burning with (embarrass).
②I was so (embarrass) that I wanted the floor to open up and consume me.
③It will be very (embarrass) if you tend to show off before the experts in the same field.
④He felt embarrassed being the centre of attention.
(2)完成句子
When it was his turn to deliver his speech, Tom walked towards the microphone, .(形容词短语)
轮到汤姆发表演讲时, 他紧张且尴尬地走向麦克风。(读后续写之动作描写)
5. expense n.费用,花费;开销;开支
(教材P111) That way, other people can laugh too, without being rude about laughing at someone else’s expense. 这样,其他人也可以笑,而不会因为嘲笑别人而显得粗鲁。
(1)at the expense of 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下
at sb’s expense 由某人付钱,由某人负担费用;以某人为代价;嘲笑某人
(2)expensive adj. 昂贵的;价格高的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] It might sound like one long, (expense) vacation, but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel affordable.
②When this novel failed to find a publisher, Emily Bronte decided to publish it her own expense.
(2)完成句子
Economic development must not be achieved
.
经济发展不能以牺牲环境为代价。(话题写作之环
境保护)
1. (教材P110)It’s almost as if humour is hard-wired into us.幽默几乎是我们与生俱来的。
as if(=as though)引导方式状语从句
句型公式
【句式点拨】
as if既可以引导方式状语从句,也可以引导表语从句,意为“仿佛,好像”。 as if 从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时,通常用陈述语气;当其所表示的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时,通常用虚拟语气,其从句时态变化如下:
与现在事实相反 从句用一般过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反 从句用过去完成时(had+过去分词)
与将来事实相反 从句用“would/could/might+动词原形”结构
[温馨提示] as though/if引导状语从句时,若主、从句主语一致,且从句谓语有be动词时,从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略,即“as though/if+形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式”。如:
Jason paused as if/though (he was) expecting Lanny to speak.
贾森停了下来,好像在期待着兰尼讲话。
The bird was circling above us as if/though (it was) to express gratitude.
那只鸟在我们头顶盘旋,好像是要表达感激之情。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The futurologists see the future in virtual reality—the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you (be) in a real situation.
②The two girls talked as if they (be) friends for years.
(2)完成句子
The injured soldier opens his mouth slowly something.(省略结构)
那个受伤的士兵缓缓开口,好像要说什么。(读后续
写之动作描写)
2. (教材P111)Well, you know I’d recently read an article that introduced some ways to solve an awkward situation.你知道,我最近读了一篇文章,介绍了一些解决尴尬局面的方法。
动词不定式作定语
句型公式
【相关拓展】
1. 动词不定式作定语,通常置于所修饰的名词后面。如:
The teacher has an effective way to make his class lively and interesting.
这位老师有一种有效的方法让他的课堂生动有趣。
[温馨提示] 此时,被修饰的名词往往是表示抽象意义的名词。常见的此类名词有:way, plan, ability, idea, attempt, opportunity, chance等。
2. 当名词或代词被the only、the last、the next、序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时,常用动词不定式作定语,且不定式与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系。如:
It’s said that Jackson is the best man to do the job.
据说杰克逊是做这项工作的最佳人选。
Clint was the only person to survive the air crash.
克林特是这次空难中唯一的幸存者。
He’d always be the first to offer to help.
他总是第一个主动提出帮忙。
3. 不定式作定语,与其修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系时,不定式使用主动形式,与其修饰的词在逻辑上有动宾关系,且句中无该动作执行者时,不定式使用被动形式,即to be done。如:
Can you find a proper person to finish the task (主谓关系)
你能找到一个合适的人完成这项任务吗
Here is some useful advice for you to follow.(动宾关系,由介词for引出的动作执行者you)
这里有一些有用的建议供你参考。
The problems to be discussed at the next meeting are about how to operate the project.(动宾关系,无动作的执行者)
下次会议要讨论的问题与如何执行这个项目有关。
[温馨提示] 此时,如果是及物动词,后面不要再加宾语,但如果是不及物动词,要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成动词短语。如:
I would like a magazine to read.
我想找本杂志读。
He wanted to buy a bigger house to live in.
他想买一个更大一点的房子住。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①Thanksgiving is now a time for families .
感恩节现在是一家人聚在一起吃大餐的时候了。(话题写作之节日庆祝)
②It is our responsibility to seize everyone on global warming, along with its causes and impacts.
我们有责任抓住每一个机会,教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响。(应用文写作之倡议书)
③Joel’s confidence built up as he realized that he had the through his music.
当乔尔意识到自己有能力通过音乐与人们建立联系时,他的信心增强了。Period Three Lesson 2 Why Do We Need Humour
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1. Zheng He’s seven voyages had a (影响深远的) impact on China and its neighbours.
2. I (脸红) to think what a fool I made of myself.
3. In just five months, astronauts could lose a significant amount of (肌肉) and bone mass.
4. Active people tend to have better (免疫的) systems and are at lower risk of diseases.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1. Jogging can remove your stress and (tense) and keep you relaxed, which contributes to your physical and mental health.
2. (infect) rates went up steadily, and in the course of the outbreak, about 8,000 people were infected over nine months.
3. “Scoring an own goal” in football means (accidental) kicking or heading the ball into one’s own net.
4. The (psychology) research shows that facial expressions contain more emotion information than sounds.
5. Rani blushed with (embarrass) when she admitted it was her fault.
6. Eating a balanced meal will keep you (energise) throughout the day.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1. A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but also (对……有影响) your eating habits.
2. Sorry to hear that you are (心情不好) and can’t get used to life in senior high school.
3. (例如), the latest weather-tracking computer programs give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives.
4. Teenagers can greatly (从……中受益) participating in team sports, as it helps them develop teamwork skills.
5. I was tired of his silly jokes (嘲笑我).
6. A book on one of the shelves (引起了我的注意), and I picked it up.
7. She leaned over and something (在他耳边低语).
8. It’s more serious than you think, so please don’t (就……开玩笑) it.
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1. a big stone was pressing me here. I needed to go out to take a breath.
我觉得这儿好像有一块大石头在压着我,我需要出去喘口气。
2. Besides, the use of the language is striking,
.
(定语从句)
此外,影片的语言运用也很有冲击力,这也使这部影片获得了成功。
3. Please choose to be positive .
即使你正承受着压力,也请选择保持积极的心态。
4. The most important thing is .(表语从句)
最重要的事情是你应该尽你最大的努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
A
Humour is the most effective, yet frequently neglected means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up differences, apologizing, saying “no”,criticizing, and getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing face. For some jobs, it is the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss sensitive subjects because a serious dialogue may start a riot. For example, many believe that comedians on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance than people in any other forum.
Humour is often the best way to keep a small misunderstanding from escalating (升级) into a big deal. Recently a neighbour of mine had a quarrel with his wife as she drove him to the airport. Airborne, he felt miserable, and he knew she did, too. Two hours after she returned home, she received a long-distance phone call. “Person-to-person for Mrs I.A. Pologize,” intoned the operator. “That’s spelled ‘P’ as in…” In a twinkling (眨眼间), the whole day changed from bad to lovely at both ends of the wire.
An English hostess with a quick wit was giving a formal dinner for eight distinguished guests whom she hoped to enlist (争取) in a major charity drive. Austerity was a fashion in England at the time, and she had asked her children to serve the meal. She knew that anything could happen…and it did, just as her son,with the studied concentration of a tight rope walker, brought in a large roast turkey; he successfully elbowed the swinging dining-room door,but the backswing (回摆) threw the turkey onto the dining-room floor.
The boy stood rooted, the guests staring at their plates. Moving only her head, the hostess looked at her son, “No harm, Daniel,” she said, “just pick him up and take him back to the kitchen…” She enunciated (发音) clearly so he would think about what she was saying, “and bring in the other one.”
A wink and a one-liner instantly changed the dinner from a red-faced embarrassment to laughter.
( )1. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Humour is the key to success in our work and lives.
B. Humour enables us to deal with difficult situations effectively.
C. Humour is the best way to criticize someone without his losing face.
D. Humour makes fun of any difficult situation.
( )2. Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage
A. Comedians on TV are believed to have done a lot in making people more tolerant (容忍的) of racial and religious differences.
B. To deal with difficult situations, humour is the most acceptable and effective means.
C. People often turn to humorous ways when meeting with difficult situations.
D. Only by adopting the means of humour can one succeed in some jobs.
( )3. What caused the roast turkey to drop onto the floor
A. The backward movement of the door.
B. The son’s rude behaviour.
C. Someone happened to be at the door.
D. The bird raised by the family.
( )4. What do you think would probably be the result if the hostess got angry and scolded the son
A. It would make the embarrassing situation worse.
B. The son would refuse to serve the guests any more.
C. The son would talk back and make the mother more angry.
D. The guests would leave before the dinner was over.
B
Telling jokes requires intelligence, creativity, imagination and the ability to tell a story, while listening to jokes is more passive behaviour but one that demands attention, intelligence and being in the right mood in order to enjoy jokes. Besides, there are also clear similarities between joke tellers and appreciators. A new study takes this further and tries to find other connections between creating humour and appreciating humour.
The author carried on the cartoon caption (字幕) task. 159 participants were shown more than 30 cartoons without captions and were asked to come up with a funny caption for each one of them. Later, independent judges classified those captions based on how funny they were.
The results showed that those who produced the funniest captions also produced more captions overall. What was more interesting was that creating funny captions was negatively related to appreciation of humour. In other words, funny people tend to find jokes less funny than other people do. It is not clear why this is the case, but it might be because creators of great humour have higher standards of humour creativity and expect higher levels of creativity from people who tell jokes, compared to those who are not so good at creating humour.
Moreover, outgoing people and those who are open to new experiences found the cartoons funnier, but surprisingly, outgoing people are less likely to be funny. This is consistent with my own research that comedians were more introverted than the general population. They usually don’t like to express themselves in social situations.
Appreciation and production of humour are two different cognitive (认知的) tasks, each with unique characteristics. This is why when someone tells you he or she has a great sense of humour, you may ask, “Are you good at telling jokes or do you tend to laugh more ”
( )5. What qualities do joke tellers and appreciators have in common
A. Attention. B. Creativity.
C. Imagination. D. Intelligence.
( )6. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The results of the study.
B. The process of the study.
C. The judgement of the study.
D. The importance of the study.
( )7. According to the text, outgoing people .
A. are good at appreciating humour
B. are more likely to be comedians
C. are more likely to be funny
D. are unwilling to express themselves in social situations
( )8. What does the underlined word “introverted” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Being very successful.
B. Being easy to talk to.
C. Being quiet and shy.
D. Being kind to others.
●Ⅵ 语法填空
I have watched hundreds of comedies and my favourite comedian is Adam Richard Sandler, who has risen to fame as “Sandman”. I first spotted him 1. (perform) when I watched the movie Coneheads with my family. I roared 2. laughter. I don’t think I have ever been 3. (amused) in my life. Watching Adam Sandler’s performance in this movie led me to watch almost every movie in 4. he has ever acted.
As a freshman in high school, I am stressed, but Adam’s movies can easily make me grin from ear 5. ear. In his movies, he always uses some witty tones, which make the movie even more 6. (entertain). What is also 7. (impress) is the stunts (特技) in his movies.
In 8. (conclude), Adam Sandler has inspired me to be in 9. good mood in bad situations. To live a wonderful life and make my future career like Adam Sandler, I have set some goals I deserve 10. (accomplish) throughout school and my life. (共27张PPT)
Period Three
Lesson 2 Why Do We Need Humour？
语言知识梳理
1. mood n.情绪，心情；气氛，氛围
(教材P12)The two-way effect between smiling and mood微笑和心情之
间的双向影响
(1)be in a good/happy mood 心情愉悦
be in a bad/depressed mood 情绪不好/低落
be in the mood for (doing) sth/to do sth 有做某事的心思或兴致
(2)moody adj. 情绪多变的，喜怒无常的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①He had something on his mind and was in no mood
_________________________(chat) with me.
②After he got injured, he became very __________(mood) and often
lost his temper.
③With so much housework to do this afternoon, I don't think I'm
in the mood _____ anything.
for chatting/to chat
moody
for
(2)完成句子
Being around someone who's really happy can put you
______________________________.
和一个真正快乐的人在一起会让你心情愉快。(读后续写之主题升华句)
in a good/happy mood
2. infection n.感染;传染
(教材P110) Both mean that our body is better able to fight
infection. 两者都意味着我们的身体能够更好地对抗感染。
(1)infect v. 传染;使感染
be infected with 被传染上……;被……感染
(2)infectious adj. 传染性的;有感染力的
【活学活用】
单句填空
①Compared with manpower, unmanned deliveries avoid human
contact and potential ____________(infect).
②If you are bitten by a dog, you may _______________(infect) with
a terrible disease—rabies.
③Laughter is one of the most _____________(infect) expressions of
emotion.
infection
be infected
infectious
3. whisper vi. & vt.耳语，低语，悄声说；私下说；沙沙作响 n.低语；轻
柔的声音；传言
(教材P111) After a while, somebody whispered in my ear: “His
name is Cliff, not Richard.” 过了一会儿，有人在我耳边小声说：“他叫
克里夫，不是理查德。”
(1)whisper sth to sb 对某人耳语某事
It is/was whispered that… 传闻说……，有人私下里说……
(2)in a whisper/in whispers(=in a low voice)
小声地，低声地
【活学活用】
(1)完成句子
①My mother hugged me tightly, __________________________________
____________________.(非谓语)
我的妈妈紧紧地抱着我，低声说她会永远爱我。(读后续写之动作描写)
whispering that she would love me forever
②_________________________ the manager intends to resign.
传闻说经理打算辞职。
It is whispered that
③I ______________________ that I had something important to tell
her. 我低声对她说，我有重要的事情要告诉她。(读后续写之动作描写)
whispered to her
(2)词汇升级
He always talks in a low voice, so sometimes it's difficult to hear
what he's saying.
→He always talks _______________________________, so sometimes it's
difficult to hear what he's saying.
in a whisper/in whispers
4. embarrassmentn.窘迫，尴尬
(教材P111) I made a joke about myself and that helped solve all
the embarrassments.
我开了一个关于自己的玩笑，这有助于解决所有的尴尬。
(1)be/feel embarrassed at/about 对……感到尴尬
(2)embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The woman could barely utter any more words with her face
burning with ____________________(embarrass).
②I was so ________________(embarrass) that I wanted the floor to
open up and consume me.
③It will be very _________________(embarrass) if you tend to show
off before the experts in the same field.
④He felt embarrassed ____________ being the centre of attention.
embarrassment
embarrassed
embarrassing
at/about
(2)完成句子
When it was his turn to deliver his speech, Tom walked towards
the microphone, ________________________________.(形容词短语)
轮到汤姆发表演讲时, 他紧张且尴尬地走向麦克风。(读后续写之动作描写)
nervous and embarrassed
5. expensen.费用，花费;开销;开支
(教材P111) That way, other people can laugh too, without being
rude about laughing at someone else's expense. 这样，其他人也可以
笑，而不会因为嘲笑别人而显得粗鲁。
(1)at the expense of 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下
at sb's expense 由某人付钱,由某人负担费用;以某人为代价；嘲笑某人
(2)expensive adj. 昂贵的;价格高的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] It might sound like one long,
_____________(expense) vacation, but the couple has an unusual way
to make their travel affordable.
expensive
②When this novel failed to find a publisher, Emily Bronte decided
to publish it ____ her own expense.
at
(2)完成句子
Economic development must not be achieved _____________________
________________________.
经济发展不能以牺牲环境为代价。(话题写作之环境保护)
at the expense of the environment
1.(教材P110)It's almost as if humour is hard-wired into us.幽默几
乎是我们与生俱来的。
句型公式
as if(=as though)引导方式状语从句
【句式点拨】
as if既可以引导方式状语从句,也可以引导表语从句,意为“仿佛,好像”。 as
if 从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时,通常用陈述语气;当其所表示
的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时,通常用虚拟语气,其从句时
态变化如下:
与现在事实相反 从句用一般过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反 从句用过去完成时(had+过去分词)
与将来事实相反 从句用“would/could/might+动词原形”结构
［温馨提示］as though/if引导状语从句时,若主、从句主语一致,且从句谓语
有be动词时,从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略,即“as though/if+形容词/
名词/介词短语/分词/不定式”。如:
Jason paused as if/though (he was) expecting Lanny to speak.
贾森停了下来,好像在期待着兰尼讲话。
The bird was circling above us as if/though (it was) to express
gratitude.
那只鸟在我们头顶盘旋，好像是要表达感激之情。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The futurologists see the future in virtual reality—the use of
computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you
_______(be) in a real situation.
were
②The two girls talked as if they _____________(be) friends for years.
had been
(2)完成句子
The injured soldier opens his mouth slowly ________________________
____ something.(省略结构)
那个受伤的士兵缓缓开口,好像要说什么。(读后续写之动作描写)
as if/though to say
2.(教材P111)Well, you know I'd recently read an article that
introduced some ways to solve an awkward situation.你知道，我
最近读了一篇文章，介绍了一些解决尴尬局面的方法。
句型公式
动词不定式作定语
【相关拓展】
1.动词不定式作定语,通常置于所修饰的名词后面。如:
The teacher has an effective way to make his class lively and
interesting.
这位老师有一种有效的方法让他的课堂生动有趣。
［温馨提示］此时,被修饰的名词往往是表示抽象意义的名词。常见的此类名词
有:way, plan, ability, idea, attempt, opportunity, chance等。
2.当名词或代词被the only、the last、the next、序数词、形容词最高级等
修饰时,常用动词不定式作定语,且不定式与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系。如:
It's said that Jackson is the best man to do the job.
据说杰克逊是做这项工作的最佳人选。
Clint was the only person to survive the air crash.
克林特是这次空难中唯一的幸存者。
He'd always be the first to offer to help.
他总是第一个主动提出帮忙。
3.不定式作定语,与其修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系时,不定式使用主动形式，
与其修饰的词在逻辑上有动宾关系,且句中无该动作执行者时,不定式使用被动
形式,即to be done。如:
Can you find a proper person to finish the task (主谓关系)
你能找到一个合适的人完成这项任务吗
Here is some useful advice for you to follow.(动宾关系，由介词for引
出的动作执行者you)
这里有一些有用的建议供你参考。
The problems to be discussed at the next meeting are about how
to operate the project.(动宾关系，无动作的执行者)
下次会议要讨论的问题与如何执行这个项目有关。
［温馨提示］此时,如果是及物动词,后面不要再加宾语,但如果是不及物动词,要
加上适当的介词或副词让它变成动词短语。如:
I would like a magazine to read.
我想找本杂志读。
He wanted to buy a bigger house to live in.
他想买一个更大一点的房子住。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①Thanksgiving is now a time for families _________________________
________________.
感恩节现在是一家人聚在一起吃大餐的时候了。(话题写作之节日庆祝)
to get together for a big dinner
②It is our responsibility to seize ___________________________________
_____________ everyone on global warming, along with its causes
and impacts.
我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响。
(应用文写作之倡议书)
every opportunity/chance to educate
③Joel's confidence built up as he realized that he had the
______________________________________________ through his music.
当乔尔意识到自己有能力通过音乐与人们建立联系时，他的信心增强了。
power/ability to connect with people
