Period Two Lesson 1 Enlightening a Mind (Reading)
【课前自主探究】
Step 1 Fast reading
B
Step 2 Careful reading
1—4 CDCC
Step 3 Summary
1. an 2. With 3. to break 4. was recommended
5. expanded 6. which 7. However 8. mistakes 9. uncertain
10. truth
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1. (1)restriction (2)①restrict myself to ②are restricted to
2. (1)tendency (2)①tend to say ②tended (to) the patients
3. (1)①related ②relation (2)relate what he does to
4. (1)①enthusiasm ②enthusiastically
(2)①is enthusiastic about ②enthusiastic cheers and smiles
5. (1)expansion (2)①expand a sentence into a paragraph
②expanded and strengthened
6.(1)①disappointing ②disappointed ③to see
(2)①Disappointed at/by his career in Spain
②To her disappointment ③in disappointment
句型透视
(1)①had baked ②will have graduated
(2)①there was something wrong
②had known what he had to face nextPeriod Two Lesson 1 Enlightening a Mind (Reading)
Ⅰ. 1. severe 2. precious 3. forehead 4. superb
5. breakthrough 6. grasp 7. stubborn
Ⅱ. 1. excitement 2. restriction 3. tendency 4. initially
5. painful 6. enthusiastic 7. disappointed 8. expansion
9. gently 10. puzzled 11. related 12. exceptionally
Ⅲ. 1. in a flash 2. Now that 3. are enthusiastic about
4. With the help of 5. relate to 6. hold up your hand
7. eager to learn
Ⅳ. 1. I reached the fourth floor 2. making it difficult to walk 3. It is the first time you have given up
Ⅴ. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过临床心理学家Dr Robert Puff的解释和播客节目主持人John O’Leary的经历阐述了痛苦和困境是不可避免的,但我们可以通过积极的思维和选择来减轻苦难以过上美好的生活。
1. C 根据本句中的“…while others sink under the weight.”可知,while前后的两个分句讲述的是不同人对压力的反应,有些人迎接挑战,而有些人则被压力压垮。故选C项。subscribe订阅;proceed继续;respond作出反应;express表达。
2. A 根据本句中的host of the Happiness Podcast可知,Robert是一名主持人,“我”采访了他以了解其看法。故选A项。 interview采访;imagine想象;introduce介绍;recognize认出。
3. D 根据本句中的clinical psychologist Dr Robert Puff可知,Robert是一名临床心理学家,因此他的看法是充满智慧的。故选D项。externally外部地;joyfully愉快地;formally正式地;wisely明智地。
4. B 根据下文的“…suffering comes from the thoughts we have about the pain we are experiencing…”可知,这是在描述“痛苦”的来源,因此前文应该介绍的是“疼痛”,回应上一句中的关键词pain and suffering。故选B项。mood心情;pain疼痛;sadness伤心;hurt受伤。
5. C 根据上文的“He explains that…is an unavoidable physical feeling.”和本句中的“…suffering comes from the thoughts we have about the pain we are experiencing…”可知,上下文构成了转折关系,指出了痛苦与疼痛的区别。故选C项。regardless不顾;instead反而;however然而;therefore因此。
6. A 根据上文的“…‘Why is this happening to me ’ or ‘I’ll never feel good again.’”可知,这些消极的想法给人们带来痛苦。故选A项。thought想法;opinion观点;theory理论;factor因素。
7. D 根据本句中的“These…are what cause suffering…”可知,既然这些想法会带来痛苦,人们就要选择去改变它们。故选D项。 shelter庇护;decrease减少;improve改善;change改变。
8. B 根据下文的“However, after dozens of surgeries and years of treatment and deep inner work, he is a fairly happy…man with a beautiful family.”可知,John当时全身严重烧伤。故选B项。gentle温柔的;severe严重的;certain确定的;ordinary普通的。
9. C 根据本句中的“When he was just nine years old, John suffered…burns over his entire body…”可知,作为孩子,John全身严重烧伤,因此医生认为他活下来的几率不大。故选C项。 relief缓解;recount重新计票;survival生存;refreshment提神。
10. A 根据下文的“However, after dozens of surgeries and years of treatment and deep inner work, he is a fairly happy…man with a beautiful family.”可知,John成功活了下来,however前后的内容构成了转折,则前文讲的是大家以为他不能渡过难关。故选A项。make it渡过难关;get across通过;go around四处走动;pull over靠边停车。
11. D 根据本句中的with a beautiful family可知,说明John历经当年的烧伤后成功地过上了美好的生活。故选D项。 potential潜在的;touchy棘手的,易怒的;sincere真诚的;successful成功的。
12. A 根据本句中的as a motivational speaker, author and life coach可知,John以不同的角色所从事的工作为他人带去鼓舞。故选A项。work工作;talent天赋;fantasy幻想;prediction预测。
13. B 根据本句中的“…the realization that, regardless of our personal and professional challenges, we can navigate and overcome…”可知,John意识到不管多大的挑战,最终它们都能够被战胜,这是他经历不幸遭遇最后取得成功所得到的启示,因此他觉得发生在他身上的事情对他而言是最大的礼物,故选B项。desperation绝望;gift礼物;goal目标;task任务。
14. C 根据上文的“However, after dozens of surgeries and years of treatment and deep inner work, he is a fairly happy…man with a beautiful family.”可知,John从不幸走向成功,这说明了人们在遇到挑战时要勇敢面对,这样才会拥抱更光明的未来。故选C项。higher更高的;rarer更稀少的;brighter更明亮的,更光明的;calmer更平静的。
15. B 根据文章第二句“Yet some people…by rising to the challenge, while others sink under the weight.”可知,人们会以不同的方式面对挑战,而John虽然遭遇伤痛,但是他选择迎接挑战,因此John认为人们可以选择应对挑战的方式。故选B项。angle角度;manner方式;prospect前景;trend趋势。
Ⅵ. 【文章大意】 本文为一篇说明文。文章向读者展示了如何用积极的思维来创造机会,吸引好运,最终获取更多的成功。
1. C 根据上文“Your desires serve as the roots of ‘luck’. One person might feel most lucky in passing an exam while another person in scoring he or her first hole.”可知,能达成自己内心的愿望的时候,就觉得自己是幸运的,与C项(感觉幸运就是认识到自己内心深处的渴望。)语意相同,且desire为复现词;而下文“If you feel unlucky, maybe it is because you have not identified what you want to be doing.”中what you want to be doing意同上文的desire,下文解释了人们自觉运气不佳时,是因为自己还没确定自己的愿望,可见C项与下文为对比关系,C项符合语境。故选C项。
2. G 本段的主题句为“Be bold.”,根据上文“The ‘unlucky’ are often experts in making themselves comfortable and safe, but achieve little.”可知,“不幸的人”一直在舒适区内,所以成就很少,而G项(但那些感到幸运的人却把自己置于可能失败的境地。)与上文为转折关系,那些觉得幸运的人大胆地走出舒适区,即使会遭遇失败也不怕,下文“It takes courage to accept failure as a short-lived misfortune. Instead of wasting time avoiding tough situations, they would come up with reasons to act.”(接受失败是短暂的不幸,是需要勇气的。他们会想出行动的理由,而不是浪费时间来避免困难的情况。)中提及failure为复现词,G项在此处起了承上启下的作用,故选G项。
3. E 本段的主题句为“See challenges as opportunities to succeed.”,opportunities为关键词;由上文“You’ve just been offered an exciting but strikingly new responsibility at work Take it with passion. You’ve been asked to speak in front of a huge crowd of people Write a great speech.”可知,此处以“被赋予新职责”和“在公开场合演讲”为例,诠释本段主题句中的challenges;由E项(把可怕的时刻当作机会,而不是毫无希望的困难。)可知,当你接受那些“挑战(challenges)”的时候,会觉得那就是“可怕的时刻(terrifying moments)”,但是应把它们视为“机会(chances)”,chances与主题句的opportunities同义,承接上文,呼应了主题句,符合语境。故选E项。
4. A 此处考查本段的主题句。根据下文“Unlucky people owe luck to accident, applying it as a chance to make excuses. Lucky people, however, build it into more good fortune. The only difference between the lucky and the unlucky, as reported, was that the former kept an eye out for luck, and the unlucky—given the exact same advantage—missed it.”可知,此处指出了两类人对于运气的态度,倒霉的人会错过运气,幸运的人留意运气,并把它变成good fortune,而A项(把握好运气。),good fortune为复现词,A项作为主题句,符合语境。故选A项。
5. F 本段主题句为“Work hard.”,由下文“For example, don’t worry about everything you’ve got to do for the rest of the week on Monday and just think about this moment.”可知,此处为举例说明如何工作,不管本周有多少活,只专注手头正在做的工作;由F项(试着一次专注做一件事,并且把它做得非常好。)可知,下文顺接F项,F项符合语境。故选F项。
Ⅶ. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孔子的个人经历以及《论语》的影响。
1. committed 考查形容词。be committed to表示“致力于……”。故填committed。
2. found 考查动词时态。此处find作谓语,根据上文“He once worked for the government, but…”可知为一般过去时。故填found。
3. conventional 考查形容词。修饰后文名词belief,应用形容词conventional,故填conventional。
4. convinced 考查形容词。作表语,主语为Confucius,应用形容词convinced,sb be convinced that…表示“某人坚信……”。故填convinced。
5. to 考查介词。短语appeal to表示“吸引”。故填to。
6. As 考查状语从句省略句。引导方式状语从句,表示“正如”应用as,原句为:as it is stated in The Analects,位于句首,首字母大写。故填As。
7. entirely 考查副词。修饰动词ignored应用副词entirely作状语,故填entirely。
8. preserving 考查非谓语动词。作介词to的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填preserving。
9. What 考查主语从句。引导主语从句,从句缺少主语,指物,应用连接代词what,位于句首,首字母大写。故填What。
10. its 考查代词。此处指The Analects的影响,应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。Period Two Lesson 1 Enlightening a Mind (Reading)
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
①enlighten vt.启迪;指导,教导 ②exceptionally adv.极其,非常 ③severe adj.很严重的 ④restriction n.限制,规定,约束 ⑤unbearable adj.难以忍受的;承受不住的 ⑥troublesome adj.引起麻烦的;令人烦恼的 ⑦stubborn adj.固执的,执拗的;倔强的 ⑧tendency n.倾向 Helen Keller was an exceptionally② special girl. [1]By the time she was seven years old, she still couldn’t speak, read or write and needed to have everything done for her. [2]This was because she couldn’t see or hear. [3]With these severe③ restrictions④ to her communication, Helen’s behaviour was often unbearable⑤. She was sometimes troublesome⑥, stubborn⑦ and angry, and had a tendency⑧ to break things [4]when no one understood her. [1]画线部分为by the time引导的时间状语从句。 [2]画线部分为because引导的表语从句,this was because…表示“这是因为……”。 [3]画线部分为with复合结构。 [4]画线部分为when引导的时间状语从句。 启迪心灵 海伦·凯勒是一个非常特殊的女孩。她七岁时,仍不会说话,不能读书也不会写字,一切都需要别人照顾。这是因为她看不见也听不见。这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的正常交流,也让她的行为常常令人难以忍受。海伦有时很烦人、很固执,而且很易怒,如果没有人能理解她的意思,她就会摔东西。
(续表)
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
⑨superb adj.极好的,卓越的 ⑩eyesight n.视力 relate vi.理解;相联系 technique n.技巧,手法 straightforward adj.简单的,易懂的;诚实的,坦率的 doll n.玩偶 initially adv.起初 excitement n.兴奋,激动 imitation n.模仿,仿效 stream n.水流 liquid n.液体 precious adj.宝贵的 grasp vt.理解,领会 gradual adj.逐渐的,逐步的 painful adj.令人痛苦的;困难的;疼痛的 enthusiastic adj.热心的,热衷的 vocabulary n.词汇量 expand vi. & vt.(使)扩大;增加 complex adj.复杂的;难以理解的 Helen’s parents got a superb⑨ teacher recommended to them, a woman named Anne Sullivan. Anne was a teacher and former student at a school for the blind in Boston. She’d had eyesight⑩ problems early in life as well [5]so she could relat to Helen’s difficulties. [5]画线部分为so引导的结果状语从句。 Anne’s techniqu to teach Helen language was simple and straightforwar. Anne spelt words by writing on Helen’s hand so that Helen could get a mental picture of the words. She started with the word “dol”. She would let Helen play with the doll, and then spell the letters “D-O-L-L” on her hand. When they initiall did this, Helen thought it was a game. She wrote about her excitemen later in her book, The Story of My Life: “Running downstairs to my mother, I held up my hand and made the letters for ‘doll’. I did not know [6]that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitatio.” [6]画线部分中第一个that引导宾语从句,作know的宾语,第二个that也引导宾语从句,作know的宾语。 [7]When they were at the well one day, Anne put one of Helen’s hands under the strea of water. [8]As the water flowed over Helen’s hand, Anne spelt out “W-A-T-E-R” into Helen’s other hand. [9]As Anne wrote on Helen’s hand, Helen suddenly realised [10]that the movement of the fingers meant the cool liquid flowing over her hand. This preciou knowledge gave her hope and joy. Finally, she got the world of words opened up to her. [7]画线部分为when引导时间状语从句。 [8]画线部分为as引导时间状语从句,表示“当”。 [9]画线部分为as引导时间状语从句,表示“当”。 [10]画线部分为that引导的宾语从句,作realised的宾语。 [11]Now that Helen graspe the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could. Children [12]who can see and hear learn language easily, but for Helen, it was a gradua and sometimes painfu process. However, [13]because Helen was so enthusiasti about learning, the results were amazing. [11]画线部分为now that引导原因状语从句,表示“既然,由于”。 [12]画线部分为who引导定语从句,修饰前面的children。 [13]画线部分为because引导原因状语从句。 As Helen’s knowledge and vocabular expande, she asked more and more questions. This soon led her to discover more comple words and changed her thinking process. Trying to learn the word “love” was an experience [14]that she remembered well. This is [15]how she described it in her book: 海伦的父母经人推荐,聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老师。安妮曾是波士顿一所盲人学校的老师,也曾在那儿上过学。她小时候也有视力障碍,所以能理解海伦所面临的困境。 安妮教海伦学习语言的方法简单明了。她在海伦手上拼写单词,使海伦联想到单词的画面。安妮给海伦拼写的第一个词是“doll”。她先让海伦玩洋娃娃,然后在海伦的手上拼写“D-O-L-L”。刚开始海伦以为这是在玩游戏。后来在《我的人生故事》一书中,海伦描述了自己的兴奋之情: “我跑下楼去见我母亲,我举起手给她拼写字母‘doll’。可我那时并不知道自己在拼写单词,甚至压根不知道词汇的存在;我仅仅是亦步亦趋地用手指模仿老师。” 一天,她们在井边,安妮把海伦的一只手放在水流下。水缓缓流过海伦的手掌,安妮在她的另一只手上拼写“W-A-T-E-R”。安妮在海伦手上写的时候,海伦突然意识到,手指的动作代表的是流过自己手掌的清凉的液体。这宝贵的知识给她带来希望和快乐。终于,她打开了语言世界的大门。 由于海伦理解了语言的关键,她非常渴望学习更多,并且尽可能运用它。正常的孩子能听、能看,学起语言来很容易,但对海伦来说,学习语言是个渐进的过程,有时会很痛苦。然而,由于海伦对学习有极高的热情,学习成果令人吃惊。 随着海伦的知识和词汇量的不断扩大,她提出的问题也越来越多。这很快使她学会了更复杂的单词,从而改变了思维的过程。她很清楚地记得,学习“love”这个单词的难忘经历。在书中她这样描述道:
(续表)
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
violet n.紫罗兰 gently adv.轻柔地;温和地;平缓地 puzzle vt.使困惑,使迷惑 apparent adj.显而易见的;明白的 ray n.(太阳或月亮的)光线 disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的 abstract adj.抽象的 concept n.概念;想法 breakthrough n.突破;重大进展 necklace n.项链 forehead n.额,前额 “I remember the morning [16]that I first asked the meaning of the word ‘love’. This was before I knew many words. I had found a few early violet in the garden and brought them to my teacher…Miss Sullivan put her arm gentl round me and wrote on my hand, ‘I love Helen.’ ‘What is love ’ I asked. She drew me closer to her and said, ‘It is here,’ pointing to my heart…Her words puzzle me very much [17]because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.” [14]画线部分为that引导定语从句,修饰前面的an experience。 [15]画线部分为how引导表语从句。 [16]画线部分为that引导定语从句,修饰前面的morning。 [17]画线部分为because引导原因状语从句;unless 引导条件状语从句,表示“除非……”。 Although the meaning of love was still not apparen to Helen, she kept on trying to understand it. “I smelt the violets in her hand and asked, half in words, half in signs, a question [18]which meant, ‘Is love the sweetness of flowers ’ ‘No,’ said my teacher.” [18]画线部分为which引导定语从句,修饰前面的a question。 When Helen and Anne were outside one day, Helen felt the warmth of the sun’s ray. She pointed up and asked [19]if that was love. [20]When her teacher said that it wasn’t, she was confused and disappointe. “I [21]thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.” [19]画线部分为if引导宾语从句,作asked的宾语,表示“是否”。 [20]when引导时间状语从句;that引导宾语从句,作said的宾语。 [21]画线部分为it作形式宾语,that后从句为真正的宾语。 The word “think” was also a difficult one for Helen because it is such an abstrac concep. However, one day as she was working on a simple task, she had a breakthroug. She was making necklace with the help of Anne [22]when she noticed that she had made some mistakes. Because she was uncertain how to fix them, she stopped to think carefully. As she did this, Anne touched Helen’s forehea and wrote the word “think” on her hand. “In a flash I knew [23]that the word was the name of the process that was going on in my head.” [22]画线部分为when引导时间状语从句;that引导宾语从句,作noticed的宾语。 [23]画线部分中第一个that引导宾语从句,作knew的宾语;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰前面的process。 “我记得有一天早上,我第一次问‘love’这个词的含义。那时我的词汇量还很有限。我在花园里发现了早开的紫罗兰,并摘下一些带给老师……莎莉文老师温柔地搂着我,在我的手上写着:‘我爱海伦。’ ‘什么是爱 ’我问道。她把我拉到身边,指着我的心脏说,‘爱在这里。’……她的话令我非常困惑,因为以往我只有触碰到实际物体,才能理解它的意思。” 尽管对海伦来说,爱的意义还不明确,但她一直试着理解。“我闻了闻她手里的紫罗兰,半拼写半比划地问了个问题,意思大概是‘爱是花朵的香味吗 ’‘不是,’我的老师回答道。” 一天和老师在室外,海伦感受到了阳光的温暖。她指了指太阳,问老师那是不是爱,老师说不是,海伦感到既困惑又失望。“我觉得很奇怪,因为我的老师不能给我展示什么是爱。” “think”这个词对海伦来说也很难理解,因为它很抽象。然而有一天,在做一项简单的任务时,她取得了突破。她正在安妮的帮助下做项链,这时她发现自己犯了一些错。海伦不确定该如何解决,便停下来认真思考。在她思考的时候,安妮点了点海伦的额头,在她的手上写下“think”这个词。“瞬间我就明白了,我头脑中进行的活动就是这个词的意思。”
(续表)
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
pour v.倾倒,涌流 vivid adj.生动的,逼真的 [24]It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch. At that moment, her mind returned to the word “love”. As she thought about its meaning again, the sun came out. She pointed to the sun and asked her teacher again [25]if that was love. Anne answered Helen by explaining that love was like the sun and clouds in a way. [24]画线部分为“It was the first/second/… time (that) sb had done sth.”结构。 [25]画线部分为if引导宾语从句,作asked的宾语。 “You cannot touch the clouds, you know; but you feel the rain…You cannot touch love either; but you feel the sweetness [26]that it pour into everything. Without love you would not be happy or want to play.” [26]画线部分为that引导定语从句,修饰前面的sweetness。 In that vivi moment, Helen finally understood the beautiful truth of the word “love”. 那是海伦第一次明白复杂词语的意思——她触摸不到的抽象词语。这时,海伦又想起了“love”。她再次思考“love”是什么意思,恰巧这时太阳出来了。海伦指着太阳又问老师那是不是爱。安妮解释道,爱在某种程度上就像太阳和云彩。 “你知道吗,你摸不到云彩,但是你能感觉到雨……你也触摸不到爱,但是你能感觉到爱给万物带来的甜蜜。没有爱,你就不会快乐,也不会想要玩耍。” 就在那个动人的时刻,海伦终于明白了“love”这个词语蕴含的美丽的真谛。
Step 1 Fast reading
( )Read the passage on Pages 30—31 and choose the main idea.
A. What words Helen learnt from her teacher.
B. How Helen learnt words with the help of her teacher.
C. How Helen changed her personality.
D. What Helen’s teacher do for Helen.
Step 2 Careful reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
( )1. Why did Helen tend to break things
A. Because she didn’t have a good temper.
B. Because the others couldn’t bear her behaviour.
C. Because she couldn’t make herself understood.
D. Because she didn’t have a good teacher.
( )2. How did Anne teach Helen the word “doll”
A. She wrote the word on Helen’s hand.
B. She spelt the word to Helen by simple language.
C. She put Helen’s hand on the doll and wrote on her hand.
D. She let Helen play with the doll and then wrote on her hand.
( )3. What is the correct order of Helen’s learning words
a. water b. love c. think d. doll
A. abcd B. adcb C. dacb D. dabc
( )4. Which words can best describe Anne Sullivan
A. Strict but patient.
B. Kind and generous.
C. Patient and caring.
D. Common but ambitious.
Step 3 Summary
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Helen Keller was 1. exceptionally special girl, who couldn’t speak, read or write because she couldn’t see or hear. 2. these severe restrictions to her communication, Helen sometimes had a tendency 3. (break) things when no one comprehended her.
Until Anne Sullivan, a superb teacher, 4. (recommend) to teach her. Anne’s technique to teach Helen language was simple and straightforward. She put an object into Helen’s hand and spelt out the word on her other hand.
As Helen’s knowledge and vocabulary 5. (expand), she asked more and more questions, 6. led her to discover more complex words and changed her thinking process. 7. , it was still hard for Helen to learn some abstract concepts like “think” and “love”. At first, Helen was disappointed. One day, Helen made a breakthrough. She was making necklaces when she noticed that she had made some 8. (mistake). She was 9. (certain) how to fix them, so she stopped to think carefully. When she did this, Anne touched Helen’s forehead and wrote the word “think” on her hand. It was the first time Helen had understood such an abstract word. And later, she also understood the beautiful 10. (true) of the word “love”.
1. restriction n.限制,规定,约束
(教材P30)With these severe restrictions to her communication, Helen’s behaviour was often unbearable.
这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的正常交流,也让她的行为常常令人难以忍受。
(1)restrict vt. 限制,控制
restrict sth to sth=limit sth to sth
把……限制/限定在……(数量、范围等)内
restrict sb/oneself to (doing) sth
约束某人/某人自己(做)某事
(2)restricted adj. 有限的,受限制的;受控制的,
受约束的
be restricted to… 限制在(某范围)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
There is no (restrict) on the number of people, so you can come to attend the meeting if you like.
(2)完成句子
①I want to drinking one cup of coffee a day.
我想要限制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。
②Inside these zones, traffic speeds 20 mph. Whoever breaks it will be fined.
在这些区域内,交通限速为20英里/小时。任何违规者都将被罚款。
2. tendency n.倾向;偏好;趋势
(教材P30) She was sometimes troublesome, stubborn and angry, and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her.
海伦有时很烦人、很固执,而且很易怒,如果没有人能理解她的意思,她就会摔东西。
(1)have a tendency to do sth
有做某事的倾向,往往会……
(2)tend v. 趋于,往往会;照料,照管
tend to do sth 倾向于做某事;往往会……
tend (to) sth/sb 照料……
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
With the development of technology, we have a (tend) to lead a more convenient life.
(2)完成句子
①Filled with anger, you whatever comes to your mind.
满腔怒火的时候,你往往想到什么就说什么。(读后
续写之情感描写)
②To their credit, the doctors and nurses carefully day and night without any extra pay, from whom I learnt a lot.
值得称赞的是,医生和护士日夜悉心照顾病人,没有任何额外的报酬,我从他们那里学到了很多。
3. relate vt. & vi.理解;相联系,使有联系;叙述,讲述
(教材P30) She’d had eyesight problems early in life as well so she could relate to Helen’s difficulties.
她小时候也有视力障碍,所以能理解海伦所面临的困境。
(1)relate to 涉及;和……相关;谈到;理解
relate…to… 把……和……联系起来
(2)related adj. 有关的;相关的
be related to 与……有关系;与……有关联
(3)relation n. 关系;联系;亲属
in relation to 关于;涉及
(4)relative n. 亲戚,亲属
adj. 相比较而言的,比较的;相对的,相关联的
[温馨提示] 表示“与……有关”的短语还有:be connected with;have something to do with;be relevant to;be involved in;be associated with。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2023·全国乙卷] Apart from the knowledge and skills (relate) to my major, I’m really good with computers.
②The price of products changes in (relate) to the change of supply and demand.
(2)完成句子
I can’t what he says.
我无法把他的所作所为同他所说的联系起来。
4. enthusiastic adj.热衷的,热心的
(教材P31) However, because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning, the results were amazing.
然而,由于海伦对学习有极高的热情,学习成果令人吃惊。
(1)be enthusiastic about 对……积极热情
(2)enthusiasm n. 热心;热情
(3)enthusiastically adv. 热情地
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①I am glad to accept new challenges and embrace new technology and knowledge with (enthusiastic).
②The whole playground was excited with the audience cheering (enthusiastic) for the athletes.
(2)完成句子
①He public welfare and has helped a lot of poor children.
他热衷于社会公益事业,帮助了许多贫困儿童。(话题
写作之记人叙事)
②The children’s filled the stadium as their favourite soccer team scored a goal.
当他们最喜欢的足球队进球时,孩子们热情的欢呼和微笑充满了体育场。(读后续写之场景描写)
5. expand v.(使)扩大;增加
(教材P31) As Helen’s knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she asked more and more questions.
随着海伦的知识和词汇量的不断扩大,她提出的问题也越来越多。
(1)expand to 扩展到……
expand into 扩展成;扩大成
expand…into… 把……扩展成……
(2)expansion n. 扩展;扩大;膨胀
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
Due to the continuous (expand) of business, we need to employ more workers.
(2)完成句子
①The teacher is teaching the students how to .
老师正在教学生如何把一个句子扩展成一个段落。
②Originally built by Emperor Qinshihuang and in the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall became the world’s largest military structure.
最初由秦始皇建造,并在明代进行了扩建和加固,长城成为世界上最大的军事结构。(话题写作之历史
与传统)
6. disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的
(教材P31) When her teacher said that it wasn’t, she was confused and disappointed.
当老师说不是的时候,海伦感到既困惑又失望。
(1)be disappointed at/by sth 对某事感到失望
be disappointed in/with sb 对某人感到失望
be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望
be disappointed that… 对……失望
(2)disappointing adj. 令人失望的
(3)disappointment n. 失望
(much/greatly) to one’s disappointment/to one’s (great) disappointment 令某人(非常)失望
的是
in disappointment 失望地
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It rained most of the time when we were in England, which was pretty (disappoint).
②As a result, Charlie lost the race, which made his classmates a little (disappoint).
③She was disappointed (see) her essay returned with a mass of corrections in red ink.
(2)完成句子
① , nineteen-year-old Picasso moved to Pairs, where he learned about abstract art.
19岁的毕加索对自己在西班牙的职业生涯感到失望,于是搬到了巴黎,在那里他学习了抽象艺术。
② , her friends showed no interest in the tales she told.
令她失望的是,她的朋友们对她讲的故事毫无兴趣。
③Looking at me, my mum shook her head .(介词短语)
妈妈看着我,失望地摇头。(读后续写之动作描写)
(教材P30)By the time she was seven years old, she still couldn’t speak, read or write and needed to have everything done for her.她七岁时,仍不会说话,不能读书也不会写字,一切都需要别人照顾。
by the time+时间状语从句+主句
句型公式
【句式点拨】
“by the time she was seven years old”是时间状语从句, “she still couldn’t speak, read or write and needed to have everything done for her”是主句。
【归纳拓展】
by the time引导的时间状语从句强调在某时前或到某时时,主句中的动作已发生或已出现某种情况。因此主句中的谓语动词多用过去完成时或将来完成时。注意:(1)当主句中的谓语动词是be等表状态的动词时,主句的动词可用一般时态。(2)by the time引导的从句一般不用将来时,而用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。(3)有时主从句的谓语动词都用现在时。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①By the time Freddy came back, his wife (bake) a birthday cake.
②By the time the man returns from San Francisco next year, his son (graduate) from Peking University.
(2)完成句子
①By the time it was my turn to make a speech, with my microphone.
轮到我演讲时,话筒出了故障。
②By the time the little boy saw his father’s angry expression, he .
当小男孩看到他父亲愤怒的表情时,他已经知道接下来要面对什么了。Period Two Lesson 1 Enlightening a Mind (Reading)
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1. These chemicals led to (很严重的) water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number of fish species.
2. To a person nothing is more (宝贵的) than his life.
3. Tombe’s father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled (前额), led us to his house.
4. Taylor scored a (极好的) goal at the end of the first half.
5. Then came the good news that scientists have made a great b in the treatment of cancer.
6. The teacher frequently demonstrates the complex concepts to ensure her students fully g them.
7. My sister is so s that nobody can persuade her to change her mind.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1. Lauren couldn’t contain her inner (excite) and ran up to hug me tightly.
2. A (restrict) on the amount of duty free that can be bought has been announced .
3. People have a (tend) to lean towards whatever they are interested in.
4. Though some are (initial) scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
5. When you work out regularly, your body simply functions better and you are healthier and less likely to suffer (pain) physical condition.
6. As an (enthusiasm) surfer, I spend most of my free time riding the waves.
7. His performance at the talent show left him feeling (disappoint) and awkward as he forgot the lyrics midway through the song.
8. Researchers are studying the long-term effects of climate change on the (expand) of the coral reef.
9. She smiles and holds out her hands, and I (gentle) pull her out of her chair.
10. “What’s the matter with it ” She asked her grandfather, with a (puzzle)frown on her face.
11. It is said that a large number of cancer cases in the area are directly (relate) to the new nuclear power station.
12. The weather, even for January, was (exceptional) cold.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1. When he recalled what his mum had said to him, the answer came to him (瞬间).
2. (既然) the work has been divided up, let each one get on with his own job.
3. Learning that you (热衷于)Chinese culture, I’m writing to invite you to participate in the Chinese Classics Reciting Contest to be held in our school next Friday.
4. (在……的帮助下)her grandmother, eight-year-old Khloe Thompson started making bags for the homeless people in her district.
5. The culture that he describes is so different from mine that I sometimes find it hard to (理解,认同).
6. All those who agree, please (举起你们的手).
7. British people are fascinated by our culture and (渴望学习) more about it, so I’m keen to share my culture with them.
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1. By the time , nerves made my hands sweat and my knees tremble, for I was very high off the ground.
当我到达第四层时,紧张得手心冒汗,膝盖发抖,因为我离地面很高。
2. The wind blew fiercely, .(it作形式宾语)
风刮得很大,使走路很困难。
3. the group activities. So think twice before you make a decision.
这是你第一次放弃集体活动。因此,在做决定之前要三思。
●Ⅴ 完形填空
We will all experience pain, disappointment and almost certainly loss and sickness. Yet some people 1 by rising to the challenge, while others sink under the weight. What’s the difference I 2 clinical psychologist Dr Robert Puff, host of the Happiness Podcast, who speaks 3 about pain and suffering. He explains that 4 is an unavoidable physical feeling. 5 , suffering comes from the thoughts we have about the pain we are experiencing—for example, “Why is this happening to me ” or “I’ll never feel good again.” These 6 are what cause suffering, and we can choose to 7 them.
John O’Leary is the host of the Live Inspired Podcast. When he was just nine years old, John suffered 8 burns over his entire body and doctors told him that he had one percent chance of 9 . No one expected him to 10 . However, after dozens of surgeries and years of treatment and deep inner work, he is a fairly happy, 11 man with a beautiful family. He inspires others through his 12 as a motivational speaker, author and life coach. He feels that what happened to him was his greatest 13 : the realization that, regardless of our personal and professional challenges, we can navigate and overcome to reveal a 14 vision. In John’s words, “You can’t always choose the path you walk in life, but you can always choose the 15 in which you walk.”
( )1. A. subscribe B. proceed
C. respond D. express
( )2. A. interviewed B. imagined
C. introduced D. recognized
( )3. A. externally B. joyfully
C. formally D. wisely
( )4. A. mood B. pain
C. sadness D. hurt
( )5. A. Regardless B. Instead
C. However D. Therefore
( )6. A. thoughts B. opinions
C. theories D. factors
( )7. A. shelter B. decrease
C. improve D. change
( )8. A. gentle B. severe
C. certain D. ordinary
( )9. A. relief B. recount
C. survival D. refreshment
( )10. A. make it B. get across
C. go around D. pull over
( )11. A. potential B. touchy
C. sincere D. successful
( )12. A. work B. talent
C. fantasy D. prediction
( )13. A. desperation B. gift
C. goal D. task
( )14. A. higher B. rarer
C. brighter D. calmer
( )15. A. angle B. manner
C. prospect D. trend
●Ⅵ 阅读七选五
Are you interested in attracting good luck and experiencing more success in your life In this article, we’ll show you how to use positive thinking to create your opportunities and attract good fortune.
Define luck for yourself. Your desires serve as the roots of “luck”. One person might feel most lucky in passing an exam while another person in scoring he or her first hole. 1. If you feel unlucky, maybe it is because you have not identified what you want to be doing.
Be bold. The “unlucky” are often experts in making themselves comfortable and safe, but achieve little. 2. It takes courage to accept failure as a short-lived misfortune. Instead of wasting time avoiding tough situations, they would come up with reasons to act.
See challenges as opportunities to succeed. You’ve just been offered an exciting but strikingly new responsibility at work Take it with passion. You’ve been asked to speak in front of a huge crowd of people Write a great speech. 3.
4. Unlucky people owe luck to accident, applying it as a chance to make excuses. Lucky people, however, build it into more good fortune. The only difference between the lucky and the unlucky, as reported, was that the former kept an eye out for luck, and the unlucky—given the exact same advantage—missed it.
Work hard. Sow the seeds of luck with labour. If you’re working twice as hard at work, your work will be twice as good, and you’ll tend to feel twice as lucky for having it done. 5. For example, don’t worry about everything you’ve got to do for the rest of the week on Monday and just think about this moment.
A. Take advantage of good fortune.
B. Don’t make excuses to deal with bad luck.
C. Feeling lucky is to recognize your deep desires.
D. They are not brave enough to concentrate on regular actions.
E. Treat terrifying moments as chances,not as hopeless difficulties.
F. Try to focus on doing one thing at a time and doing it extremely well.
G. But people who feel lucky put themselves in situations where they may fail.
●Ⅶ 语法填空
Confucius, China’s most famous teacher and philosopher, was born Kongqiu in 551 BCE near Qufu, in eastern China. Confucius showed a great interest in academics early on. “At 15, I was 1. (commit) to learning,” he later told his followers. He studied music, mathematics, the classics, history and more.
Confucius believed that education and reflection led to virtue. He once worked for the government, but 2. (find) far greater success as a teacher instead. Confucius broke with 3. (convention) belief and was 4. (convince) that all human beings could benefit from education. He gave his support for lifelong learning and appealed 5. a wide circle of followers, who knew him as Kongfuzi (Master Kong). Those pupils recorded his words in The Analects, a collection of sayings and ideas.
6. stated in The Analects, Confucius believed that social harmony would naturally generate from the proper ordering of individuals in relation to one another, with the family unit as the basic building block of society.
Confucius was ignored 7. (entire) in his own day. When he passed away in 479 BCE, he left behind perhaps 3,000 students, who devoted (献身) themselves to 8. (preserve) and spreading their master’s ideas. 9. was recorded in The Analects has guided governments and individuals for thousands of years. Digesting The Analects will boost your understanding about 10. influence on Chinese history and civilization in the process. (共71张PPT)
Period Two
Lesson 1 Enlightening a Mind (Reading)
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
①enlighten vt.启 迪；指导，教导 ②exceptionally adv.极其，非常 启迪心灵
海伦·凯勒是一个非
常特殊的女孩。她七岁
时，仍不会说话，不能
读书也不会写字，一切
都需要别人照顾。这是
因为她看不见也听不
见。
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
③severe adj.很严重 的 ④restriction n.限 制，规定，约束 ⑤unbearable adj.难 以忍受的；承受不住的 这些严重的障碍限制
了海伦的正常交流，
也让她的行为常常令
人难以忍受。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
⑥troublesome adj.引起麻烦 的；令人烦恼的 ⑦stubborn adj. 固执的，执拗 的；倔强的 ⑧tendency n. 倾向 海伦有时很烦
人、很固执，而
且很易怒，如果
没有人能理解她
的意思，她就会
摔东西。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
［1］画线部分为by the time引导的时间状语从句。 ［2］画线部分为because引导的表语从句，this was because…表示“这是因为……”。 ［3］画线部分为with复合结构。 ［4］画线部分为when引导的时间状语从句。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
⑨superb adj.极好的， 卓越的 海伦的父母经人
推荐，聘请了一位名
叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀
老师。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
⑩eyesight n.视力 relate vi. 理解；相联系 安妮曾是波士顿一所
盲人学校的老师，也
曾在那儿上过学。她
小时候也有视力障
碍，所以能理解海伦
所面临的困境。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
technique n.技 巧，手法 straightforward adj.简单的，易懂 的；诚实的，坦率 的 安妮教海伦学
习语言的方法简单
明了。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
doll n.玩偶 她在海伦手上拼写
单词，使海伦联想
到单词的画面。安
妮给海伦拼写的第
一个词是“doll”。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
initially adv.起 初 她先让海伦玩洋娃
娃，然后在海伦的
手上拼写“D-O-
L-L”。刚开始海
伦以为这是在玩游
戏。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
excitement n. 兴奋，激动 后来在《我的人生
故事》一书中，海
伦描述了自己的兴
奋之情：
“我跑下楼去
见我母亲，我举起
手给她拼写字母
‘doll’。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
imitation n.模 仿，仿效 可我那时并不知道
自己在拼写单词，
甚至压根不知道词
汇的存在；我仅仅
是亦步亦趋地用手
指模仿老师。”
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
stream n.水流 一天，她们在井
边，安妮把海伦的一
只手放在水流下。水
缓缓流过海伦的手
掌，安妮在她的另一
只手上拼写“W-A-T-
E-R”。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
liquid n.液体 安妮在海伦手上
写的时候，海伦
突然意识到，手
指的动作代表的
是流过自己手掌
的清凉的液体。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
precious adj. 宝贵的 这宝贵的知识给
她带来希望和快
乐。终于，她打
开了语言世界的
大门。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
［8］画线部分为as引导时间状语从句， 表示“当”。 ［9］画线部分为as引导时间状语从句， 表示“当”。 ［10］画线部分为that引导的宾语从句， 作realised的宾语。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
grasp vt.理解， 领会 由于海伦理解
了语言的关键，她
非常渴望学习更
多，并且尽可能运
用它。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
gradual adj.逐渐 的，逐步的 painful adj.令人 痛苦的；困难的；疼 痛的 正常的孩子能听、
能看，学起语言来
很容易，但对海伦
来说，学习语言是
个渐进的过程，有
时会很痛苦。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
enthusiastic adj.热心的， 热衷的 然而，由于
海伦对学习
有极高的热
情，学习成
果令人吃惊。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
vocabulary n. 词汇量 expand vi. & vt.(使)扩大；增加 随着海伦的知
识和词汇量的不断
扩大，她提出的问
题也越来越多。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
complex adj.复 杂的；难以理解的 这很快使她学会了
更复杂的单词，从
而改变了思维的过
程。她很清楚地记
得，学习“love”
这个单词的难忘经
历。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
This is ［15］how she described it in her book: “I remember the morning ［16］that I first asked the meaning of the word ‘love’. This was before I knew many words. 在书中她这样描述
道：
“我记得有一
天早上，我第一次
问‘love’这个词
的含义。那时我的
词汇量还很有限。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
violet n.紫罗 兰 gently adv.轻 柔地；温和地； 平缓地 我在花园里发现了早开
的紫罗兰，并摘下一些
带给老师……莎莉文老
师温柔地搂着我，在我
的手上写着：‘我爱海
伦。’ ‘什么是
爱？’
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
puzzle vt.使 困惑，使迷惑 我问道。她把我拉到身边，指着我的心脏说，‘爱在这
里。’……她的话令我非常困惑，因为以往我只有触碰到实际物体，才能理解它的意思。”
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
［14］画线部分为that引导定语从句，修 饰前面的an experience。 ［15］画线部分为how引导表语从句。 ［16］画线部分为that引导定语从句，修 饰前面的morning。 ［17］画线部分为because引导原因状语 从句；unless 引导条件状语从句，表示 “除非……”。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
apparent adj.显而易见的；明白的 尽管对海伦
来说，爱的意义
还不明确，但她
一直试着理解。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
“I smelt the violets in her hand and asked, half in words, half in signs, a question ［18］which meant, ‘Is love the sweetness of flowers ’ ‘No,’ said my teacher.” ［18］画线部分为which引导定语 从句，修饰前面的a question。 “我闻了闻她手里
的紫罗兰，半拼写
半比划地问了个问
题，意思大概是
‘爱是花朵的香味
吗？’‘不是，’
我的老师回答
道。”
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
ray n. (太阳或月亮的) 光线 disappointed adj.失望的， 沮丧的 一天和老师
在室外，海伦感
受到了阳光的温
暖。她指了指太
阳，问老师那是
不是爱，老师说
不是，海伦感到
既困惑又失望。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
“I ［21］thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.” ［19］画线部分为if引导宾语从句，作 asked的宾语，表示“是否”。 ［20］when引导时间状语从句；that 引导宾语从句，作said的宾语。 ［21］画线部分为it作形式宾语，that 后从句为真正的宾语。 “我觉得很奇
怪，因为我的老
师不能给我展示
什么是爱。”
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
abstract adj.抽 象的 concept n.概 念；想法 breakthrough n. 突破；重大进展 “think”这个
词对海伦来说也很
难理解，因为它很
抽象。然而有一
天，在做一项简单
的任务时，她取得
了突破。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
necklace n.项 链 她正在安妮的帮
助下做项链，这
时她发现自己犯
了一些错。海伦
不确定该如何解
决，便停下来认
真思考。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
forehead n. 额，前额 在她思考的时候，安妮点了点海伦的额头，在她的手上写下
“think”这个词。“瞬间我就明白了，我头脑中进行的活动就是这个词的意思。”
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
［22］画线部分为when引导时间状语 从句；that引导宾语从句，作noticed 的宾语。 ［23］画线部分中第一个that引导宾语 从句，作knew的宾语；第二个that引 导定语从句，修饰前面的process。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
［24］It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch. 那是海伦第一
次明白复杂词语的
意思——她触摸不
到的抽象词语。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
At that moment, her mind returned to the word “love”. As she thought about its meaning again, the sun came out. 这时，海伦又想起
了“love”。她再
次思考“love”是
什么意思，恰巧这
时太阳出来了。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
She pointed to the sun and asked her teacher again ［25］if that was love. Anne answered Helen by explaining that love was like the sun and clouds in a way. ［24］画线部分为“It was the first/second/… time (that) sb had done sth.”结构。 ［25］画线部分为if引导宾语从句，作asked 的宾语。 海伦指着太阳又问
老师那是不是爱。
安妮解释道，爱在
某种程度上就像太
阳和云彩。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
pour v.倾 倒，涌流 “你知道吗，你
摸不到云彩，但是你
能感觉到雨……你也
触摸不到爱，但是你
能感觉到爱给万物带
来的甜蜜。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
vivid adj. 生动的，逼 真的 没有爱，你就不会快
乐，也不会想要玩
耍。”
就在那个动人的
时刻，海伦终于明白
了“love”这个词语
蕴含的美丽的真谛。
续表
Step 1 Fast reading
( ) Read the passage on Pages 30—31 and choose the main
idea.
B
A.What words Helen learnt from her teacher.
B.How Helen learnt words with the help of her teacher.
C.How Helen changed her personality.
D.What Helen's teacher do for Helen.
Step 2 Careful reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
( ) 1.Why did Helen tend to break things
C
A.Because she didn't have a good temper.
B.Because the others couldn't bear her behaviour.
C.Because she couldn't make herself understood.
D.Because she didn't have a good teacher.
( ) 2.How did Anne teach Helen the word “doll”
D
A.She wrote the word on Helen's hand.
B.She spelt the word to Helen by simple language.
C.She put Helen's hand on the doll and wrote on her hand.
D.She let Helen play with the doll and then wrote on her hand.
( ) 3.What is the correct order of Helen's learning words
a. water b. love c. think d. doll
C
A.abcd B.adcb C.dacb D.dabc
( ) 4.Which words can best describe Anne Sullivan
C
A.Strict but patient. B.Kind and generous.
C.Patient and caring. D.Common but ambitious.
Step 3 Summary
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Helen Keller was 1._____ exceptionally special girl, who couldn't
speak, read or write because she couldn't see or hear. 2._______
these severe restrictions to her communication, Helen sometimes
had a tendency 3.____________(break) things when no one
comprehended her.
Until Anne Sullivan, a superb teacher,
4.________________________(recommend) to teach her.
an
With
to break
was recommended
Anne's technique to teach Helen language was simple and
straightforward. She put an object into Helen's hand and spelt out
the word on her other hand.
As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary 5._____________(expand),
she asked more and more questions, 6.________ led her to discover
more complex words and changed her thinking process.
7.____________, it was still hard for Helen to learn some abstract
concepts like “think” and “love”. At first, Helen was
disappointed. One day, Helen made a breakthrough. She was
expanded
which
However
making necklaces when she noticed that she had made some
8.____________(mistake). She was 9._____________(certain) how to fix
them, so she stopped to think carefully. When she did this, Anne
touched Helen's forehead and wrote the word “think” on her
hand. It was the first time Helen had understood such an abstract
word. And later, she also understood the beautiful 10._______(true)
of the word “love”.
mistakes
uncertain
truth
1.restriction n.限制,规定，约束
(教材P30)With these severe restrictions to her communication,
Helen's behaviour was often unbearable.
这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的正常交流，也让她的行为常常令人难以忍受。
(1)restrict vt. 限制,控制
restrict sth to sth=limit sth to sth 把……限制/限定在……(数量、范围等)内
restrict sb/oneself to (doing) sth 约束某人/某人自己(做)某事
(2)restricted adj. 有限的,受限制的;受控制的,受约束的
be restricted to… 限制在(某范围)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
There is no _____________(restrict) on the number of people, so you
can come to attend the meeting if you like.
restriction
(2)完成句子
①I want to ______________________ drinking one cup of coffee a
day.
我想要限制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。
restrict myself to
②Inside these zones, traffic speeds _____________________ 20 mph.
Whoever breaks it will be fined.
在这些区域内，交通限速为20英里/小时。任何违规者都将被罚款。
are restricted to
2. tendency n.倾向;偏好;趋势
(教材P30) She was sometimes troublesome, stubborn and angry,
and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her.
海伦有时很烦人、很固执，而且很易怒，如果没有人能理解她的意思，她就会
摔东西。
(1)have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向,往往会……
(2)tend v. 趋于,往往会;照料,照管
tend to do sth 倾向于做某事;往往会……
tend (to) sth/sb 照料……
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
With the development of technology, we have a ____________(tend)
to lead a more convenient life.
tendency
(2)完成句子
①Filled with anger, you ________________ whatever comes to your
mind.
满腔怒火的时候,你往往想到什么就说什么。(读后续写之情感描写)
tend to say
②To their credit, the doctors and nurses carefully _________________
_______________ day and night without any extra pay, from whom I
learnt a lot.
值得称赞的是,医生和护士日夜悉心照顾病人,没有任何额外的报酬,我从他们那
里学到了很多。
tended (to) the patients
3. relate vt. & vi.理解；相联系,使有联系;叙述,讲述
(教材P30) She'd had eyesight problems early in life as well so she
could relate to Helen's difficulties.
她小时候也有视力障碍，所以能理解海伦所面临的困境。
(1)relate to 涉及;和……相关;谈到;理解
relate…to… 把……和……联系起来
(2)related adj. 有关的;相关的
be related to 与……有关系;与……有关联
(3)relation n. 关系;联系;亲属
in relation to 关于;涉及
(4)relative n. 亲戚，亲属adj.相比较而言的，比较的；相对的，相关联的
［温馨提示］表示“与……有关”的短语还有:be connected with;have
something to do with;be relevant to;be involved in;be associated
with。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2023·全国乙卷] Apart from the knowledge and skills
__________(relate) to my major, I'm really good with computers.
②The price of products changes in ___________(relate) to the
change of supply and demand.
related
relation
(2)完成句子
I can't _____________________________ what he says.
我无法把他的所作所为同他所说的联系起来。
relate what he does to
4. enthusiastic adj.热衷的，热心的
(教材P31) However, because Helen was so enthusiastic about
learning, the results were amazing.
然而，由于海伦对学习有极高的热情，学习成果令人吃惊。
(1)be enthusiastic about 对……积极热情
(2)enthusiasm n. 热心；热情
(3)enthusiastically adv. 热情地
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①I am glad to accept new challenges and embrace new
technology and knowledge with _______________(enthusiastic).
②The whole playground was excited with the audience cheering
___________________(enthusiastic) for the athletes.
enthusiasm
enthusiastically
(2)完成句子
①He __________________________ public welfare and has helped a
lot of poor children.
他热衷于社会公益事业，帮助了许多贫困儿童。(话题写作之记人叙事)
is enthusiastic about
②The children's ______________________________________ filled the
stadium as their favourite soccer team scored a goal.
当他们最喜欢的足球队进球时，孩子们热情的欢呼和微笑充满了体育场。
(读后续写之场景描写)
enthusiastic cheers and smiles
5. expand v.(使)扩大；增加
(教材P31) As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she
asked more and more questions.
随着海伦的知识和词汇量的不断扩大，她提出的问题也越来越多。
(1)expand to 扩展到……
expand into 扩展成；扩大成
expand…into… 把……扩展成……
(2)expansion n. 扩展;扩大;膨胀
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
Due to the continuous _____________(expand) of business, we need
to employ more workers.
expansion
(2)完成句子
①The teacher is teaching the students how to ____________________
________________________________.
老师正在教学生如何把一个句子扩展成一个段落。
expand a sentence into a paragraph
②Originally built by Emperor Qinshihuang and ____________________
________________ in the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall became the
world's largest military structure.
最初由秦始皇建造,并在明代进行了扩建和加固,长城成为世界上最大的军事结
构。(话题写作之历史与传统)
expanded and strengthened
6. disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的
(教材P31) When her teacher said that it wasn't, she was confused
and disappointed.
当老师说不是的时候，海伦感到既困惑又失望。
(1)be disappointed at/by sth 对某事感到失望
be disappointed in/with sb 对某人感到失望
be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望
be disappointed that… 对……失望
(2)disappointing adj. 令人失望的
(3)disappointment n. 失望
(much/greatly) to one's disappointment/to one's (great)
disappointment 令某人(非常)失望的是
in disappointment 失望地
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It rained most of the time when we were in England, which was
pretty __________________(disappoint).
②As a result, Charlie lost the race, which made his classmates a
little _________________(disappoint).
③She was disappointed _________(see) her essay returned with a
mass of corrections in red ink.
disappointing
disappointed
to see
(2)完成句子
①________________________________________________, nineteen-year-
old Picasso moved to Pairs, where he learned about abstract art.
19岁的毕加索对自己在西班牙的职业生涯感到失望，于是搬到了巴黎，在那里
他学习了抽象艺术。
Disappointed at/by his career in Spain
②_____________________________, her friends showed no interest in
the tales she told.
令她失望的是，她的朋友们对她讲的故事毫无兴趣。
To her disappointment
③Looking at me, my mum shook her head ______________________.
(介词短语)
妈妈看着我，失望地摇头。(读后续写之动作描写)
in disappointment
(教材P30)By the time she was seven years old, she still couldn't
speak, read or write and needed to have everything done for
her.她七岁时，仍不会说话，不能读书也不会写字，一切都需要别人照顾。
句型公式
by the time+时间状语从句+主句
【句式点拨】
“by the time she was seven years old”是时间状语从句, “she still
couldn't speak, read or write and needed to have everything done
for her”是主句。
【归纳拓展】
by the time引导的时间状语从句强调在某时前或到某时时，主句中的动作已
发生或已出现某种情况。因此主句中的谓语动词多用过去完成时或将来完成时。
注意:(1)当主句中的谓语动词是be等表状态的动词时，主句的动词可用一般时
态。(2)by the time引导的从句一般不用将来时,而用一般现在时代替一般将
来时，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。(3)有时主从句的谓语动词都用现在时。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①By the time Freddy came back, his wife ______________(bake) a
birthday cake.
②By the time the man returns from San Francisco next year, his
son _________________________(graduate) from Peking University.
had baked
will have graduated
(2)完成句子
①By the time it was my turn to make a speech, __________________
_____________________ with my microphone.
轮到我演讲时，话筒出了故障。
there was something wrong
②By the time the little boy saw his father's angry expression, he
_______________________________________________.
当小男孩看到他父亲愤怒的表情时，他已经知道接下来要面对什么了。
had known what he had to face next
