Period Five Grammar
语法归纳
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.was made 2.had been displayed 3.was being interviewed
4.were being rebuilt 5.had been arrested 6.was being used
7.were delivered 8.had been given
●Ⅱ 1.was finally renovated last summer 2.was being followed
3.had been offered a better jobPeriod Five Grammar
Ⅰ.1.to be taken 2.have been cared 3.operates 4.was created 5.is stated 6.is being released 7.had been published 8.being shown
Ⅱ.1.children are given red envelopes 2.I was driven by a sense of curiosity 3.I was being watched 4.A lot of measures have been taken 5.having been given/being given 6.to be mistaken for
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了《中国日报》的发展历程、影响力及其在全球范围内的覆盖情况。
1.as 考查介词。serve as为固定搭配,意为“充当,担任”。故填as。
2.and 考查连词。telling,providing和witnessing均为动名词,作in的宾语,在语义上是并列关系,需用连词and连接。故填and。
3.Consequently 考查副词。修饰整个句子,需用副词consequently,作状语,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Consequently。
4.to report 考查非谓语动词。此处为目的状语,需用动词不定式。故填to report。
5.covering 考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作定语,修饰名词an international edition,cover与其为逻辑上的主谓关系,需用现在分词。故填covering。
6.a 考查冠词。website为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且leading发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
7.influential 考查形容词。修饰名词platform需用形容词influential作定语。故填influential。
8.have downloaded 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语so far可知,此处用现在完成时,主语为复数名词,助动词用have。故填have downloaded。
9.media 考查名词复数。根据后文列举的多个社交平台可知,此处应使用名词的复数形式,medium表示“媒体”时,复数形式是media。故填media。
10.was issued 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语one year ago可知,此处为一般过去时,主语为China Watch,和issue为被动关系,需用被动语态,主语表示单数意义,助动词使用was。故填was issued。
Ⅳ.A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明,与祖母等长辈共度时光有助于延长并充实他们的生活。加州大学旧金山分校的研究指出,老年人需要有意义的社交关系,孤独对其生活质量和寿命有显著影响。养老院成为培养老年友谊的重要场所,而老年人的丰富经验和智慧使他们成为理想的伙伴。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中“This revelation comes from a study by the University of California, San Francisco, which highlights the profound impact of companionship on the elderly’s lifespan and quality of life.”以及第三段“The essence of the study’s findings is quite straightforward: as we age, the need for meaningful relationships and connections doesn’t diminish; in fact, it becomes more crucial.”可推知,我们从这项研究中了解到的是有意义的联系对老年人来说至关重要。故选C项。
2.B 词义猜测题。画线词所在句“…in fact, it becomes more crucial.”对前文所提及的内容进行纠正,引出事实,与上文diminish之间有转折关系,即“我们对有意义的关系和联系的需求并没有减弱,事实上,它变得更加重要了”。故diminish与decline同义,意为“减弱,降低”。故选B项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中“A recent study has unveiled a heartening truth: the more we cherish moments with our grandmothers and other elderly loved ones, the longer and more fulfilling their lives can be.”和最后一段中“Older adults know what matters and what doesn’t, making them invaluable companions who offer wisdom without the small quarrels that often destroy younger relationships.”可推知,和年纪大的人交朋友的好处是双向的,不仅对老年人有好处,年轻人也能从中获益。故选C项。
4.D 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其结合第一段中“A recent study has unveiled a heartening truth: the more we cherish moments with our grandmothers and other elderly loved ones, the longer and more fulfilling their lives can be.”可知,本文主要介绍了加州大学旧金山分校的一项研究结果强调了陪伴对老年人寿命和生活质量的深远影响。所以,文章主要讲的是陪伴对老年人生活的影响。故选D项。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过个人经历引出主题,即识别和处理“假朋友”的关系,并引用了心理学家和人类行为学家的专业观点来分类和解释不同类型的“假朋友”。
5.D 推理判断题。由文章第一段和第二段可知,作者一时冲动,误以为这位女士真的对自己目前的生活感兴趣,所以急于分享自己的近况,作者错误地判断了那位女士的行为和目的。故选D。
6.B 词义猜测题。由第三段可知,“假朋友”对你时好时坏,这种关系是有害的,最有害的关系并不是那些纯粹消极的关系。toxic在此处最有可能的意思是“有害的,不友善的”。privileged享有特权的;poisonous有毒的,极端讨厌(或不友善)的;superior优越的;innocent无辜的。故选B。
7.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知,这种人表面上支持你,实际上却做出不利于你的行为。因此,如果一个朋友在知道你想开始努力学习时,还不断邀请并为你支付玩电脑游戏的费用,这属于暗中破坏的类型。故选C。
8.C 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是由文章第三段与第四段首句可知,整篇文章通过作者的个人经历引入了“假朋友”的概念,并引用心理学家和人类行为学家的观点分析了三种不同类型的“假朋友”,提醒读者警惕这类友敌关系。因此,最适合的标题是“Be careful of frenemies!”(小心假朋友!)。故选C。Period Five Grammar
过去时中的被动语态
过去时中的被动语态结构:
时态 形式
一般过去时的被动语态 was/were done
过去进行时的被动语态 was/were being done
过去完成时的被动语态 had been done
一、一般过去时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态用于强调动作的接受者,而不是执行者。在这种语态中,句子的结构通常为“was/were+过去分词”。这种结构表示某个动作在过去发生,并且主语是动作的承受者。常与一般过去时的被动语态连用的时间状语包括:yesterday, last week/month/year, in +年份,a few days ago, at that time, earlier等。如:
In 2016, Zhang was given the Romer-Simpson Lifetime Achievement Award, which is the highest prize in vertebrate palaeontology.
2016年,张被授予罗美尔-辛普森终身成就奖,这是脊椎动物古生物学的最高奖项。
Newcomers were welcomed with chocolate brownies and carrot bread yesterday.
昨天,大家用巧克力布朗尼和胡萝卜面包来招待新来的人。
二、过去进行时的被动语态
1.定义
过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。谓语动词的主语是动作的承受者而不是发出者。如:
The goods were being loaded when we arrived at the airport.
当我们到达机场时,货物正在被装载。
2.构成
过去进行时的被动语态构成形式为:was/were being done。如:
Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then.
那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
3.基本用法
(1)过去进行时的被动语态强调的是在过去的某个时间点正在进行的被动动作。常与过去进行时的被动语态连用的时间状语有:then,at this time yesterday,at that moment,yesterday afternoon及when,the moment等引导的时间状语从句。如:
Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他们正在植树。
(2)过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别:过去进行时的被动语态强调动作发生的过程,一般过去时的被动语态强调动作的结果。如:
Several patients were being treated in the local hospital then.(表示动作发生的过程)
当时有几个病人正在当地医院接受治疗。
Several patients were treated in the local hospital then.(表示动作的结果)
当时有几个病人在当地医院接受治疗。
三、过去完成时的被动语态
1.定义
过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成,且主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系。如:
The room had been cleaned when we came.
我们来的时候房间已经打扫干净了。
2.构成
过去完成时的被动语态构成形式为:had been done。
3.用法
(1)用在told,said,knew,thought等动词过去式后的宾语从句中,表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完。如:
He said that the books had already been sold out.
他说书已经卖完了。
(2)当before,when,by the time,until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时,以及by,before后接过去的时间时,主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。如:
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
老师来之前教室还没有打扫干净。
(3)在“It was the first/second/…time+that从句.”中,主语是动作的承受者时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。如:
It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.
那是我第一次当众受到批评。
(4)在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去的事实相反,且主语是动作的承受者时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。如:
If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you.
如果我早点被邀请,我就和你一起去了。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The decision (make) at that time after careful consideration of all the available options and discussions among the team members.
2.It was the first time that the paintings (display) in the US.
3.The president (interview) by the presenter the moment I entered the office.
4.The historic buildings in the downtown area at that moment (rebuild) to preserve their architectural charm while incorporating modern facilities.
5.It was reported that more than ten criminals (arrest) by the police already.
6.I couldn’t use the computer just now because it (use) by my brother at that time.
7.The packages that were ordered online (deliver) a few days ago, and I couldn’t wait to open them.
8.If I (give) another chance, I would have made different choices in my career.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.The old library, which had been a beloved community resource for decades, , allowing it to be transformed into a modern space.(renovate)
这座旧图书馆几十年来一直是备受喜爱的社区资源,去年夏天终于被翻修了,改造成了一个现代化的空间。
2.I was busy thinking about my upcoming music exam when I became aware that I .
当我意识到自己被跟踪时,我正忙着想即将到来的音乐考试。
3.My father in London, and our whole family had to move here.
我父亲在伦敦得到了一份更好的工作后,我们全家不得不搬到这里。Period Five Grammar
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Mobile phones are not allowed (take) into the campus now according to the new regulations.
2.These elderly (care) for very well since they moved to the nursing home.
3.Thanks to the latest technology, this new kind of washing machine (operate) well now.
4.The commercial (create) by a talented team of advertisers and was broadcast on national television last weekend.
5.The extreme climate changes have done great harm to the country, which (state) in the article.
6.More and more carbon dioxide (release) into the air at present, contributing to the severer global warming effects.
7.Many of his science fiction works (publish) by the time he graduated from university.
8.After (show) the benefits of getting involved in the programme, she is determined that under no circumstances will she pass up this opportunity.
●Ⅱ 语法+写作(被动语态)
1.In China, to bring good fortune in the New Year.
在中国,人们会在新年给孩子们红包,以求带来好运。
2. as I approached the house, wondering if the little bird was still around.
当我走近房子时,一种好奇驱使着我,我想知道小鸟是否还在身边。
3.While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene,I suddenly had a feeling that .
我正在聚精会神地拍摄这惊人的景观,突然觉得有什么在盯着我。
4. by the government in order to stop air pollution.
为了阻止空气污染,政府已经采取了很多措施。
5.I sincerely appreciated the chance to enable me to have participation in the complex project.
我衷心感谢给我这个机会,使我能够参与这个复杂的项目。
6.It was a bit embarrassing his twin brother in public.
在公开场合被误认为是他的双胞胎哥哥有一点儿尴尬。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空
Since its launch in 1981, China Daily has grown rapidly to become the nation’s leading English-language newspaper. With the online and mobile readership of more than 350 million, it serves 1. a vital role in telling the world about China, providing valuable insight into the world’s second-largest economy 2. witnessing China’s rapid development. 3. (consequent), it is quoted more often by overseas media than any other Chinese publications.
Besides the flagship edition on Chinese mainland and Hong Kong edition, 4. (report) news not only domestically but also globally, China Daily publishes an international edition 5. (cover) North and South America, Europe, the Asia-Pacific and Africa on various digital platforms.
Chinadaily., 6. leading national website, is China’s most 7. (influence) English-language platform. More than 36 million readers from 180 countries 8. (download) the China Daily app so far, and its PV reaches 52 million. China Daily also has accounts on well-known social 9. (medium) such as Sina Weibo, WeChat, Facebook and Twitter. By the end of April 2022, its Facebook followers had reached 104 million, and Twitter followers 4.25 million.
China Daily plays a key role in the Asia news network through joint and constant efforts of the continent’s leading newspapers. China Watch, a China Daily supplement (增刊), 10. (issue) one year ago as an insert of more than 20 major international newspapers in 18 countries.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
A
A recent study has unveiled a heartening truth: the more we cherish moments with our grandmothers and other elderly loved ones, the longer and more fulfilling their lives can be. Being with the elderly is not just about the heartwarming stories or the secret family recipes you get to share; it’s about something even more significant.
This revelation comes from a study by the University of California, San Francisco, which highlights the profound impact of companionship on the elderly’s lifespan and quality of life. The research involved 1,600 adults, averaging 71 years in age, and it discovered a distinct contrast in mortality rates (死亡率) between those who felt lonely and those who didn’t.
The essence of the study’s findings is quite straightforward: as we age, the need for meaningful relationships and connections doesn’t diminish; in fact, it becomes more crucial. Loneliness can affect anyone, but its effects are particularly severe for the elderly, making companionship not just a nice-to-have but a necessity for thriving in later years.
Interestingly, while senior homes often get a bad rating, they emerge as unsung heroes. These communities offer a vital space for cultivating elderly friendships, proving to be a blessing for those whose social circles tend to shrink with age. It is like experiencing the friendship of college life all over again, but this time, it’s even more enriching because it’s about making genuine connections that enhance the quality of life.
In another study, Rosemary Blieszner, a professor of human development at Virginia Tech finds that aging brings a wealth of experience that enriches friendships. Older adults know what matters and what doesn’t, making them invaluable companions who offer wisdom without the small quarrels that often destroy younger relationships. This perspective suggests that seniors could very well be the best friends you’ve never considered. So, the next time you’re looking for someone to share a meal with or just have a casual chat, think of your elderly relatives.
( )1.What do we know from the study
A.Growing old is challenging and highly risky.
B.The elderly are easily hurt by social isolation.
C.Meaningful relationships are crucial for the elderly.
D.Companionship doesn’t affect the lifespan of the elderly.
( )2.What does the underlined word “diminish” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Disorder. B.Decline.
C.Enlarge. D.Increase.
( )3.What can be inferred about being friends with someone older
A.It helps pass down family traditions.
B.It makes the young more wealthy.
C.The benefits of it are not one-sided.
D.The disadvantage of it is time-consuming.
( )4.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.Ways of raising the life quality of the elderly.
B.Methods of making friends with the elderly.
C.Benefits of the elderly living in senior homes.
D.Impacts of companionship on the lives of the elderly.
B
I recently ran into a woman I knew from work years ago. She had performed random acts of kindness but sometimes sounded too shallow. Now here she was again. “Hi,” she said, smiling. “How are you ” Like a fool, I rushed to tell her everything I had been doing.
The woman interrupted me, “That’s great. I’m so happy to hear you’ve finally sorted your life out.” And off she went, leaving me speechless. I tossed and turned that night, thinking about what she had meant. She didn’t know anything about my life, so why had she said that
I finally recognised psychologist Adam Grant’s idea about frenemies—those“supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you”. Not for nothing did Grant write: “The most toxic relationships aren’t the purely negative ones. They’re the ones that are a mix of positive and negative.”
Avoiding these connections whenever possible is probably a good idea, but how do we distinguish frenemies from other friends Human behaviourist Vanessa Van Edwards has identified three different types of frenemy.
The first is the easiest to detect—the jealous (嫉妒的) frenemy. “On the surface, they want you to succeed but they will gossip about you behind your back and are jealous of your accomplishments and successes,” Vanessa says.
The second type of frenemy is what she calls the undermining (暗中破坏的) frenemy. You think they’re on your side and then they start making indirect, unkind comments in front of the boss. The undermining frenemy operates outside the office, too. For example, you tell a friend that you want to lose weight. Are they going to cheer you on or invite you to a bad brunch and bring you a cupcake
The third type is the hardest to detect, labelled by Van Edwards as the unsure frenemy. She believes that this type of connection has become increasingly common thanks to social media. “Particularly when you have a lot of interactions online with wider social groups, it can be really difficult to know where a person fits in your life. We like each other’s posts online. But I’m not sure I like you,” Van Edwards explains.
( )5.Why did the author rush to tell the woman everything
A.They are close friends.
B.She needed the woman’s help.
C.The woman was good at comforting friends.
D.She misjudged the woman’s behaviour and purpose.
( )6.What does the underlined word “toxic” in the third paragraph most probably mean
A.Privileged. B.Poisonous.
C.Superior. D.Innocent.
( )7.What type is it if a friend keeps inviting and paying for you to play computer games when he knows you want to start studying hard
A.The purely negative type.
B.The jealous type.
C.The undermining type.
D.The unsure type.
( )8.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.How to justify frenemies
B.Why so many frenemies
C.Be careful of frenemies!
D.The meaning of frenemy(共18张PPT)
Period Five
Grammar
语法归纳
过去时中的被动语态
过去时中的被动语态结构：
时态 形式
一般过去时的被动语态 was/were done
过去进行时的被动语态 was/were being done
过去完成时的被动语态 had been done
一、一般过去时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态用于强调动作的接受者，而不是执行者。
在这种语态中，句子的结构通常为“was/were+过去分词”。这种结构
表示某个动作在过去发生，并且主语是动作的承受者。常与一般过
去时的被动语态连用的时间状语包括：yesterday, last
week/month/year, in +年份,a few days ago, at that time, earlier
等。如:
In 2016, Zhang was given the Romer-Simpson Lifetime
Achievement Award, which is the highest prize in vertebrate
palaeontology.
2016年，张被授予罗美尔-辛普森终身成就奖，这是脊椎动物古生物
学的最高奖项。
Newcomers were welcomed with chocolate brownies and carrot
bread yesterday.
昨天，大家用巧克力布朗尼和胡萝卜面包来招待新来的人。
二、过去进行时的被动语态
1.定义
过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。谓语
动词的主语是动作的承受者而不是发出者。如：
The goods were being loaded when we arrived at the airport.
当我们到达机场时,货物正在被装载。
2.构成
过去进行时的被动语态构成形式为:was/were being done。如：
Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then.
那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
3.基本用法
(1)过去进行时的被动语态强调的是在过去的某个时间点正在进行的
被动动作。常与过去进行时的被动语态连用的时间状语有:then,at
this time yesterday,at that moment,yesterday afternoon及
when,the moment等引导的时间状语从句。如：
Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他们正在植树。
(2)过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别:过去进行
时的被动语态强调动作发生的过程,一般过去时的被动语态强调动作
的结果。如：
Several patients were being treated in the local hospital
then.(表示动作发生的过程)
当时有几个病人正在当地医院接受治疗。
Several patients were treated in the local hospital then.
(表示动作的结果)
当时有几个病人在当地医院接受治疗。
三、过去完成时的被动语态
1.定义
过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已
经发生或完成,且主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系。如：
The room had been cleaned when we came.
我们来的时候房间已经打扫干净了。
2.构成
过去完成时的被动语态构成形式为:had been done。
3.用法
(1)用在told,said,knew,thought等动词过去式后的宾语从句中,表示宾
语从句中的动作已被做完。如：
He said that the books had already been sold out.
他说书已经卖完了。
(2)当before,when,by the time,until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是
一般过去时,以及by,before后接过去的时间时,主句的动作发生在从句
的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。
如：
The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.
老师来之前教室还没有打扫干净。
(3)在“It was the first/second/…time+that从句.”中,主语是动作的承受
者时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。如：
It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.
那是我第一次当众受到批评。
(4)在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去的事实相反,且主语是动作的承受
者时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。如：
If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you.
如果我早点被邀请,我就和你一起去了。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ单句填空
1.The decision ___________(make) at that time after careful
consideration of all the available options and discussions among
the team members.
was made
2.It was the first time that the paintings
___________________(display) in the US.
had been displayed
3.The president ______________________(interview) by the
presenter the moment I entered the office.
was being interviewed
4.The historic buildings in the downtown area at that moment
__________________(rebuild) to preserve their architectural charm
while incorporating modern facilities.
were being rebuilt
5.It was reported that more than ten criminals ________________
________(arrest) by the police already.
had been arrested
6.I couldn't use the computer just now because it ____________
_____(use) by my brother at that time.
was being used
7.The packages that were ordered online
_______________(deliver) a few days ago, and I couldn't wait to
open them.
were delivered
8.If I ________________(give) another chance, I would have
made different choices in my career.
had been given
Ⅱ句型训练
1.The old library, which had been a beloved community
resource for decades, ________________________________,
allowing it to be transformed into a modern space.(renovate)
这座旧图书馆几十年来一直是备受喜爱的社区资源，去年夏天终于
被翻修了，改造成了一个现代化的空间。
was finally renovated last summer
2.I was busy thinking about my upcoming music exam when I
became aware that I ___________________.
当我意识到自己被跟踪时，我正忙着想即将到来的音乐考试。
was being followed
3.My father _____________________________ in London, and our
whole family had to move here.
我父亲在伦敦得到了一份更好的工作后，我们全家不得不搬到这里。
had been offered a better job
