Period Five Grammar
语法归纳
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.have done 2.have taken 3.could 4.have been
5.have watered 6.have had 7.should 8.be preserved
9.can 10.be made
●Ⅱ 1.shouldn’t have scolded him 2.needn’t worry about cooking 3.must act as quickly as possible 4.may/might sound like a simple task 5.you could submitPeriod Five Grammar
Ⅰ.1.have taken 2.have visited 3.have stayed 4.have come 5.should 6.have finished
Ⅱ.1.could have got the first place 2.needn’t have bought so much food 3.would have visited my relatives and friends 4.must pay your library fines 5.must have been something wrong
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了在动物福利倡导者沈志军的努力下南京红山森林动物园经历了令人瞩目的转折。
1.survival 考查名词。空格处位于形容词性物主代词its之后,所以需要填入名词;survive的名词为survival,意为“生存”。故填survival。
2.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处为定语从句的关系词,从句中句子成分完整,所以需要填入关系副词;此处表示的是地点,所以用where。故填where。
3.the 考查冠词。空格处位于单数可数名词前,所以需要用冠词;此处特指动物园的转折,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
4.to publicize 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句中已经有谓语动词,因此需要填入非谓语动词,此处表示目的,所以用动词不定式。故填to publicize。
5.titled 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填入非谓语动词,动词title与逻辑主语speech之间为动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填titled。
6.expressions 考查名词复数。此处指的是动物们的表情,所以需要用复数。故填expressions。
7.traditionally 考查副词。修饰空格后的动词短语serve as,应用副词形式。故填traditionally。
8.existing 考查形容词。空格处位于名词短语mountainous terrain之前,因此需要填入形容词;exist的形容词为existing,意为“现有的”。故填existing。
9.be housed 考查动词语态。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填入定语从句的谓语动词,house作动词时,意为“提供住处”;句子的主语animals与动词house之间为被动关系,所以需要填入被动语态;空格前为情态动词can。故填be housed。
10.as 考查介词。此处指的是“作为中国最善待动物的动物园”;as作介词,意为“作为”。故填as。
Ⅳ.A
【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是Generative AI(生成型人工智能)通过改变信息的表达方式,能使人们的网上对话更文明。
1.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Generative AI must seem like a superweapon to people who aim to cause disagreement and argument online.”和文章第二段“Chris Bail, a leading expert on artificial intelligence and human behaviour, and his colleagues have conducted research indicating that Large Language Models such as ChatGPT can make online conversations more productive, reduce incivility, and increase willingness to have difficult conversations across social disagreements.”可推知,从第一段和第二段我们可以推理出GenAI可以用来处理网上冲突。故选C。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段“…Chris Bail and his team examined whether Large Language Models can teach people conflict-negotiation techniques on a large scale.”可知,Chris Bail和他的团队是想测试大型语言模型的功能。故选D。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段“These pop-ups employed GPT-3 to rephrase each post using conflict negotiation principles—without changing the opinion expressed within them.”以及第五段“The researchers found that GPT-3 is surprisingly good at processing difficult conversations.”可知,GPT-3不改变帖子所表达的意见,只是改变表达的方式。故选D。
4.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文第一段介绍网络存在分歧、争论和冲突,其余段落是围绕Generative AI通过冲突沟通技术,使人们的网络对话更文明。所以D项(GenAI可以让在线对话更文明)最适合作为文章的标题。故选D。
B
【文章大意】 本文是说明文,讨论了人们有时会自愿选择困难而非轻松的现象,并探讨了这种现象背后的心理机制及其在日常生活中的应用。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段“But sometimes—whether it’s running a marathon, climbing a mountain, or assembling furniture—we willingly choose difficulty over ease. Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist at the University of Toronto, calls this the effort paradox.”可知,努力悖论指的是我们有时会选择困难而非轻松的情况。故选D项。
6.B 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,斯坦福大学医学院的一项研究表明当获取果汁需要更多的推鼻动作或受到轻微电击时,大脑中会释放更多的多巴胺,研究还发现,因为选择更困难的任务而获得奖励的人,下次还会选择难度更高的任务,即使它不再有奖励,并且这种对努力工作的赞赏会转移到不相关的任务中。这说明努力虽然有成本,但也会被重视。故选B项。
7.C 词义猜测题。根据第一段“But sometimes—whether it’s running a marathon, climbing a mountain, or assembling furniture—we willingly choose difficulty over ease. Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist at the University of Toronto, calls this the effort paradox.”以及第四段“Still, putting down our phones and seeking…may be difficult at first.”可知,exertion 在此处意为“努力”。故选C项。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Sometimes the same effort can become boring and frustrating, so keep it fresh: find a new park to walk through or save a favourite show or podcast for the gym. We can strive for a healthier balance between seeking pleasure and embracing challenges,’ Lembke says.”可知,莱姆克建议找到一些有刺激性的东西来完成需要努力的事情。故选D项。Period Five Grammar
情态动词
一、情态动词的基本定义和分类
情态动词本身有一定的词义,通常用于表示语气。但是情态动词不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。情态动词主要有can, may, must, could, might, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare。
二、情态动词的基本用法
1.can, could
(1)表示能力,意为“能,会”。如:
Small acts of kindness can make a great difference. 小的善举会产生巨大的影响。
(2)表推测,意为“可能”,用于否定句或疑问句中,can比could语气强。如:
Impolite behaviours of children can’t/couldn’t be ignored by parents.
孩子的不礼貌的行为不能被家长忽视。
(3)表示请求或允许,在疑问句中可以用could代替can,语气更委婉。如:
Could/Can you make a comparison between the two films
你能把这两部电影做一下比较吗
(4)表示理论上的可能性,can此时往往用于肯定句中。如:
Always believe that good things are possible, and remember that mistakes can be lessons that lead to success.
始终相信,好的东西都是可能的,而且记住,错误可能是通往成功的教训。
(5)can用于否定句或疑问句,表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。如:
They can’t make such kind of mistakes.
他们不可能犯这样的错误。
Can he treat his parents like that
他怎么可能那样对待他的父母呢
(6)用于固定短语中:can’t…too/enough表示“无论……也不为过”;can’t help doing sth表示“禁不住做某事”。如:
You can’t be too careful while doing scientific experiments.
你做科学实验时应该非常仔细。
Hearing the amusing story,I can’t help laughing.
听到这个有趣的故事,我禁不住笑了起来。
2.may, might
(1)表示请求和许可,疑问句中可互换,might语气更委婉。如:
Might/May I borrow your computer
把你的电脑借给我(用用)可以吗
(2)表示可能性,可以对现在、将来或过去进行推测,通常用于肯定句和否定句,might比may语气弱。如:
He hasn’t arrived as scheduled. He may be late.
他没有按预计时间到,他可能会迟到。
(3)表示祝愿,常用结构为“may+主语+do”。如:
May you succeed.
祝你成功。
(4)用于固定短语中,“may/might as well+do”意为“不妨,倒不如”。如:
We may/might as well put it down before we forget it.
我们最好在忘记之前把它写下来。
3.must
(1)表示义务,意为“必须”(主观意志)。回答must的一般疑问句时,若是否定回答,不用mustn’t,而用needn’t/don’t have to,表示“不必”的意思。如:
—Must I clear up my bedroom right now
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
“我必须现在就要打扫我的卧室吗 ”
“不,没必要。”
(2)用于否定句表示禁止。如:
Smoking must not be allowed in public places.
公共场所内不允许吸烟。
(3)表示“偏要,非要……不可”,常用于疑问句和肯定句,表达说话人不满或是厌倦等情绪。如:
Why must you play the piano at this time during midnight
你为什么非要在半夜的这个时间弹钢琴
I can accept your suggestions, if you must.
如果你非要坚持,我可以接受你的建议。
4.shall
(1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句,表示征求对方的意见或请示。如:
Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow
需要我转告Brett明天放学后直接过来吗
Shall they come in or just stand outside, waiting for their turn
是让他们进来还是就站在外面,等待轮到他们的时候
(2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如:
All candidates shall be informed of the result three days after their interview.
所有的候选人将在面试后的三天内被告知结果。
You shall get punished if you don’t change your improper ideas.
如果你不改变你不恰当的想法,你会受到惩罚。
(3)用于条约、法令、法律、规定等,意为“必须”。如:
Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
试卷全部收回后,应试者才能离开座位。
5.should, ought to
(1)表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等,意为“应该”。表示责任或义务时,ought to=should,只是前者语气更强。如:
We should/ought to observe traffic regulations and regard it as our social duty.
我们应该遵守交通规则并把它当作我们的社会责任。
(2)should表示出乎意料的语气,意为“竟然,居然”。如:
That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.
他竟然那样和你讲话,真是太令人吃惊了。
(3)should表示根据经验或常理的推断。如:
The repair work of the road should be completed next month.
这条路的修缮工作应该下个月能完成。
(4)should和ought to表示推测,指预期的可能性,意为“应该,估计”。如:
He ought to/should be here on time—he started early enough.
他出发得很早,所以他应该准时到这里的。
6.will, would
(1)用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在,would指过去。如:
We will never give in to their unequal conditions.
我们永远不会屈服于他们不公平的条件。
They expressed their idea that they would come to our help, if possible.
他们表达了他们的想法:如果可能的话,他们就会来帮助我们。
(2)表示请求或建议。would比will委婉、客气,句末用won’t you表示邀请的语气。如:
Will you please take a message for him, won’t you 请你给他捎个口信好吗
Would you please pass him the book
请你把这本书递给他好吗
(3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,will指现在,would指过去。如:
Fish will die without water. 离开水,鱼就会死。
(4)表示预料或猜想。如:
It would be about ten when he set off for their destination.
他动身去往目的地时估计是10点左右。
(5)will表示规律性的“注定会”。如:
Wearing proper clothes is important too, for the locals will judge you by what you wear.
穿合适的衣服也很重要,因为当地人会根据你的穿着来对你评头论足。
7.need, dare
need, dare可以用作情态动词,也可以用作实义动词,在肯定句中通常用作实义动词,后接to do。如:
We need to take on our own social responsibilities.
我们需要担负起我们的社会责任。
Since he was stuck in a lift a year ago he hasn’t dared to get back into one.
自从一年前他被困在电梯里后,他就再也不敢坐电梯了。
We needn’t care about their rude remarks too much.
=We don’t need to care about their rude remarks too much.
我们没有必要太在意他们无礼的评论。
三、情态动词+have done的用法
此种用法表示对过去发生过的事情进行推测,是情态动词重要的考点。
must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测,表示一定做过某事或是某事一定发生过,语气较强;
could have done表示本来能够做却未做;或是可能做了某事,但是可能性很小;
can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去情况的否定推测,表示不可能做过某事;
may/might have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测,语气较弱;
might have done表示差一点儿做成;或是可能做了某事,但可能性非常小;
should/ought to have done表示本应该做但实际未做;
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done表示本不应该做但实际做了;
needn’t have done表示本不需要做却做了。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空/选择填空
1.You could (do) better, but you didn’t try your best.
2.I needn’t (take) the umbrella, for the weather is fine.
3.This astronomical telescope is the best present I (should/could) have wished for.
4.The lights were out. They must (be) asleep.
5.The flowers have died. I ought to (water) them often.
6.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we would (have) a good time together.
7.It is beyond my understanding that many adults (should/may) be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me.
8.They say the seas are a unique habitat that must (preserve).
9.The astronauts (must/can) spend their leisure time in the same way that they would on Earth by reading their favourite books, listening to music, etc.
10.Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.You for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. (scold)
你本不该因为他表现不好而责备他。毕竟,他已经尽力了。
2.I’ve ordered some pizza, so we when we get home tired.
我已经点了一些比萨饼,所以当我们回家累了时就不用担心做饭了。
3.We before it is late.
现在我们必须尽快采取行动,以免为时过晚。
4.Although this , great care is needed.
虽然这听起来也许像是一项简单的任务,但需要非常小心。
5.It would be wonderful if your space camp application form a week earlier.
如果你能提前一周递交太空营申请表就太好了。Period Five Grammar
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.My designer clothes are gone. Who do you think could (take) them by mistake
2.We lost our way in that small village. Otherwise we would (visit) more places of interest yesterday.
3.The beautiful girl chose to teach in a village school, though she could (stay) in a big city for an easier life.
4.There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s expo. You should (come), but why didn’t you
5.I find it astonishing that he be so rude to us.
6.She must (finish) her homework already, because she’s watching TV now.
●Ⅱ 语法+写作(情态动词)
1.Their team in the 4×100 relay race, but the last runner fell down halfway.
他们队本来可以在4×100接力赛中获得第一名,但最后一名选手在中途摔倒了。
2.We now that Susie had already prepared some.
既然苏西已经准备了一些,我们本没必要买如此多的食物。
3.I during the Spring Festival, but I had to stay home due to unexpected injuries.
春节期间我本来想走亲访友,但是因为意外受伤,我只好待在家里。
4.You . If not, you will not be allowed to graduate.
你必须支付图书馆的罚款。不然的话,你将不被允许毕业。
5.There with the car, as it wouldn’t start despite having a full tank of gas.
车子一定有什么问题,因为尽管油箱是满的,但它就是无法启动。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空
The Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo, once struggling to sustain its 1. (survive), has undergone a remarkable turnaround. It has become a popular destination 2. visitors can glimpse diverse animals and appreciate the beauty and significance of life.
The man behind 3. U-turn is Shen Zhijun, an animal welfare advocate. Last August, Shen took to the Internet 4. (publicize) his decade-long reform efforts—an overall campaign transforming the conventional zoo into a conservation-focused sanctuary(保护区). During his 30-minute speech 5. (title) “A Zoo’s Pursuit”, Shen showcased the successful changes that he had performed.
After witnessing the helpless and hopeless 6. (expression) of the animals, Shen’s team set about making changes. Initially, they removed animal shows, which 7. (tradition) serve as the financial backbone of zoos. Subsequently, they transformed the park’s landscape, cleverly using the 8. (exist) mountainous terrain of Hongshan to reproduce the natural habitats of animals in the wild. Plus, they introduced “multi-level villas” where animals belonging to the same ecological zone but not occupying the base of the food chain can 9. (house) together, based on their ecological and geographical distribution.
This zoo has emerged 10. the most animal-friendly zoo in China. Striking a balance between respecting animals’ dignity and providing visitors with enjoyable experiences is a challenging task, but Shen’s team has successfully achieved it.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
A
Generative AI must seem like a superweapon to people who aim to cause disagreement and argument online. Deep-fake videos imitate public figures. Crowds of conversational chatbots worsen conflict, and efforts to detect and relieve such campaigns remain in their early period.
But can Generative AI also negotiate conflict Chris Bail, a leading expert on artificial intelligence and human behaviour, and his colleagues have conducted research indicating that Large Language Models such as ChatGPT can make online conversations more productive, reduce incivility, and increase willingness to have difficult conversations across social disagreements. What’s more, they’re already seeing practical applications. Inspired by such research, Nextdoor, a community-based social-media platform that has struggled to boycott online poison, recently launched a successful, large-scale (大规模的) effort to reduce incivility.
In a study recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Chris Bail and his team examined whether Large Language Models can teach people conflict-negotiation techniques on a large scale. They enlisted a large group of people with different opinions about gun control and paired them to discuss this topic with someone who does not share their views on an online chat platform the team built.
After exchanging several messages on their platform, half of the research participants began to receive pop-up messages suggesting alternative phrasings for the messages they were about to send to their chat partner. These pop-ups employed GPT-3 to rephrase each post using conflict negotiation principles—without changing the opinion expressed within them. Participants had the option to send these rephrased versions of their message or ignore them.
The researchers found that GPT-3 is surprisingly good at processing difficult conversations. People whose partner used the AI-generated re-phrasings described the conversations as more productive, less stressful, and expressed greater willingness to consider alternative viewpoints.
( )1.What can we infer from the first two paragraphs
A.GenAI can be used in wars.
B.GenAI can stop online incivility.
C.GenAI can be used to deal with conflict online.
D.GenAI can make conversations more difficult.
( )2.What did Chris Bail’s team aim to do in a recent study
A.To build their online chat platform.
B.To share ideas on their own platform.
C.To collect different ideas about gun control.
D.To test the function of Large Language Models.
( )3.How does GPT-3 help process difficult conversations
A.By ignoring rephrased messages.
B.By making choices for the participants.
C.By changing the opinions of participants.
D.By expressing the messages in a different way.
( )4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.People share ideas on gun control
B.A new study about practical applications
C.GenAI cause disagreement and argument online
D.GenAI could make online conversations more civil
B
Smartphones enable our desire for ease and convenience. But sometimes—whether it’s running a marathon, climbing a mountain,or assembling furniture—we willingly choose difficulty over ease. Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist at the University of Toronto, calls this the effort paradox. While we often avoid hard work, other times we value it, viewing things as more rewarding if we have to work for them.
This phenomenon extends beyond extreme pursuits like mountain climbing or marathon running. Many individuals seek out challenging activities such as puzzles or crosswords because the effort itself is enjoyable. This appreciation of effort is deep-rooted in our brains, as dopamine (多巴胺) encourages us to value tasks that demand perseverance and dedication. “Sometimes effort is the only way that you can test yourself,” says Inzlicht.
In a study by a psychiatrist at Stanford University School of Medicine, mice learned to poke (捅,推) their noses into a hole to obtain juice. When the number of pokes it took to receive juice was raised, or mild electric shocks were given, more dopamine was released in the striatum, a brain region important for motivation and experiencing reward. It also found that people rewarded for choosing a more difficult task opt for the difficult version the next time, even if it no longer comes with a reward. This appreciation of hard work transfers to unrelated tasks, from school and sports to work and parenting.
Still, putting down our phones and seeking exertion may be difficult at first. Anna Lembke, a psychiatrist at Stanford University School of Medicine, suggests building it into our schedule and doing it with friends or for a greater good, like running a race for charity or biking to save gas.
“Sometimes the same effort can become boring and frustrating, so keep it fresh: find a new park to walk through or save a favourite show or podcast for the gym. We can strive for a healthier balance between seeking pleasure and embracing challenges,” Lembke says. “We are born to strive, but it’s up to us to channel that drive in a sustainable and fulfilling way.”
( )5.Which belongs to the phenomenon of the effort paradox
A.Staying in an unsatisfying yet relatively stable job.
B.Throwing ourselves on the sofa after a tiring workday.
C.Eating high-calorie food even though we are overweight.
D.Hiking mountains even though we can take the cable car.
( )6.What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A.The mice are fast learners.
B.Effort is costly but valued.
C.Hard work always pays off.
D.We feel safe in the comfort zone.
( )7.What does the underlined word “exertion” mean in Paragraph 4
A.Convenience. B.Pleasure.
C.Effort. D.Assistance.
( )8.What does Lembke suggest in the last paragraph
A.Avoiding ease and convenience at all costs.
B.Keeping a balance between your life and work.
C.Never giving up and persevering in the face of difficulties.
D.Finding something stimulating to finish effortful matters.(共28张PPT)
Period Five
Grammar
语法归纳
情态动词
一、情态动词的基本定义和分类
情态动词本身有一定的词义,通常用于表示语气。但是情态动词
不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为
动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。情态动词
主要有can, may, must, could, might, shall, should, will, would,
ought to, need, dare。
二、情态动词的基本用法
1.can, could
(1)表示能力,意为“能,会”。如:
Small acts of kindness can make a great difference. 小的善举会
产生巨大的影响。
(2)表推测,意为“可能”,用于否定句或疑问句中,can比could语气强。如:
Impolite behaviours of children can't/couldn't be ignored by
parents.
孩子的不礼貌的行为不能被家长忽视。
(3)表示请求或允许,在疑问句中可以用could代替can,语气更委婉。如:
Could/Can you make a comparison between the two films
你能把这两部电影做一下比较吗
(4)表示理论上的可能性,can此时往往用于肯定句中。如:
Always believe that good things are possible, and remember
that mistakes can be lessons that lead to success.
始终相信,好的东西都是可能的,而且记住,错误可能是通往成功的教训。
(5)can用于否定句或疑问句,表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。如:
They can't make such kind of mistakes.
他们不可能犯这样的错误。
Can he treat his parents like that
他怎么可能那样对待他的父母呢
(6)用于固定短语中:can't…too/enough表示“无论……也不为过”;can't
help doing sth表示“禁不住做某事”。如:
You can't be too careful while doing scientific experiments.
你做科学实验时应该非常仔细。
Hearing the amusing story,I can't help laughing.
听到这个有趣的故事,我禁不住笑了起来。
2.may, might
(1)表示请求和许可,疑问句中可互换,might语气更委婉。如:
Might/May I borrow your computer
把你的电脑借给我(用用)可以吗
(2)表示可能性,可以对现在、将来或过去进行推测,通常用于肯定句和
否定句,might比may语气弱。如:
He hasn't arrived as scheduled. He may be late.
他没有按预计时间到,他可能会迟到。
(3)表示祝愿,常用结构为“may+主语+do”。如:
May you succeed.
祝你成功。
(4)用于固定短语中,“may/might as well+do”意为“不妨,倒不如”。如:
We may/might as well put it down before we forget it.
我们最好在忘记之前把它写下来。
3.must
(1)表示义务,意为“必须”(主观意志)。回答must的一般疑问句时,若是
否定回答,不用mustn't,而用needn't/don't have to,表示“不必”的意思。
如:
—Must I clear up my bedroom right now
—No, you needn't/don't have to.
“我必须现在就要打扫我的卧室吗 ”
“不,没必要。”
(2)用于否定句表示禁止。如:
Smoking must not be allowed in public places.
公共场所内不允许吸烟。
(3)表示“偏要,非要……不可”,常用于疑问句和肯定句,表达说话人不满
或是厌倦等情绪。如:
Why must you play the piano at this time during midnight
你为什么非要在半夜的这个时间弹钢琴
I can accept your suggestions, if you must.
如果你非要坚持,我可以接受你的建议。
4.shall
(1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句,表示征求对方的意见或请示。如:
Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow
需要我转告Brett明天放学后直接过来吗
Shall they come in or just stand outside, waiting for their turn
是让他们进来还是就站在外面,等待轮到他们的时候
(2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允
诺或威胁。如:
All candidates shall be informed of the result three days after
their interview.
所有的候选人将在面试后的三天内被告知结果。
You shall get punished if you don't change your improper ideas.
如果你不改变你不恰当的想法,你会受到惩罚。
(3)用于条约、法令、法律、规定等,意为“必须”。如:
Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have
been collected.
试卷全部收回后,应试者才能离开座位。
5.should, ought to
(1)表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等,意为“应该”。表示责任或义务
时,ought to=should,只是前者语气更强。如:
We should/ought to observe traffic regulations and regard it as
our social duty.
我们应该遵守交通规则并把它当作我们的社会责任。
(2)should表示出乎意料的语气,意为“竟然,居然”。如:
That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.
他竟然那样和你讲话,真是太令人吃惊了。
(3)should表示根据经验或常理的推断。如:
The repair work of the road should be completed next month.
这条路的修缮工作应该下个月能完成。
(4)should和ought to表示推测,指预期的可能性,意为“应该,估计”。如:
He ought to/should be here on time—he started early enough.
他出发得很早,所以他应该准时到这里的。
6.will, would
(1)用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在,would指过去。如:
We will never give in to their unequal conditions.
我们永远不会屈服于他们不公平的条件。
They expressed their idea that they would come to our help, if
possible.
他们表达了他们的想法:如果可能的话,他们就会来帮助我们。
(2)表示请求或建议。would比will委婉、客气,句末用won't you表示
邀请的语气。如:
Will you please take a message for him, won't you 请你给他
捎个口信好吗
Would you please pass him the book
请你把这本书递给他好吗
(3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,will指现在,would指过去。如:
Fish will die without water. 离开水，鱼就会死。
(4)表示预料或猜想。如:
It would be about ten when he set off for their destination.
他动身去往目的地时估计是10点左右。
(5)will表示规律性的“注定会”。如:
Wearing proper clothes is important too, for the locals will
judge you by what you wear.
穿合适的衣服也很重要,因为当地人会根据你的穿着来对你评头论足。
7.need, dare
need, dare可以用作情态动词,也可以用作实义动词,在肯定句中通常
用作实义动词,后接to do。如:
We need to take on our own social responsibilities.
我们需要担负起我们的社会责任。
Since he was stuck in a lift a year ago he hasn't dared to get
back into one.
自从一年前他被困在电梯里后,他就再也不敢坐电梯了。
We needn't care about their rude remarks too much.
=We don't need to care about their rude remarks too much.
我们没有必要太在意他们无礼的评论。
三、情态动词+have done的用法
此种用法表示对过去发生过的事情进行推测,是情态动词重要的考点。
must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测,表示一定做过某事或是
某事一定发生过,语气较强;
could have done表示本来能够做却未做;或是可能做了某事,但是可
能性很小;
can't/couldn't have done表示对过去情况的否定推测,表示不可能做
过某事;
may/might have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测,语气较弱;
might have done表示差一点儿做成;或是可能做了某事,但可能性非
常小;
should/ought to have done表示本应该做但实际未做;
shouldn't/oughtn't to have done表示本不应该做但实际做了;
needn't have done表示本不需要做却做了。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ单句填空/选择填空
1.You could ___________(do) better, but you didn't try your best.
2.I needn't ___________(take) the umbrella, for the weather is
fine.
3.This astronomical telescope is the best present I
______(should/could) have wished for.
4.The lights were out. They must ___________(be) asleep.
have done
have taken
could
have been
5.The flowers have died. I ought to ______________(water) them
often.
6.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we would
__________(have) a good time together.
have watered
have had
7.It is beyond my understanding that many adults
_______(should/may) be so crazy about Harry Potter series like
me.
should
8.They say the seas are a unique habitat that must
_____________(preserve).
be preserved
9.The astronauts _____(must/can) spend their leisure time in the
same way that they would on Earth by reading their favourite
books, listening to music, etc.
can
10.Truly elegant chopsticks might __________(make) of gold and
silver with Chinese characters.
be made
Ⅱ句型训练
1.You ___________________________ for his poor performance.
After all, he had done his best. (scold)
你本不该因为他表现不好而责备他。毕竟,他已经尽力了。
shouldn't have scolded him
2.I've ordered some pizza, so we ____________________________
when we get home tired.
我已经点了一些比萨饼,所以当我们回家累了时就不用担心做饭了。
needn't worry about cooking
3.We ______________________________ before it is late.
现在我们必须尽快采取行动，以免为时过晚。
must act as quickly as possible
4.Although this __________________________________, great care
is needed.
虽然这听起来也许像是一项简单的任务，但需要非常小心。
may/might sound like a simple task
5.It would be wonderful if _________________ your space camp
application form a week earlier.
如果你能提前一周递交太空营申请表就太好了。
you could submit
